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Journal articles on the topic 'Polish Art Theatre'
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1
Howard, Tony, and Tomasz Łubienski. "The Theatres of Józef Szajna." New Theatre Quarterly 5, no. 19 (1989): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00003328.
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In the summer of 1988 two events focused British attention on the great Polish scenographer Józef Szajna: he participated in an ambitious seminar at the Young Vic on the legacy of the absurd, and in a BBC documentary on the art produced by holocaust victims and survivors. After the war, Szajna emerged as a central figure for Polish theatre and then for the international avant-garde. He became a stage designer, sculptor, director, environmental artist, manager, scenarist and teacher. In the 1970s, Szajna created his famous series of dramatic ‘open theatre’ spectacles inspired by the lives and art of Witkiewicz, Dante, Cervantes, Mayakovsky - and Szajna. For Józef Szajna's biography has been extraordinary, harrowing, and iconic. His work has questioned the functions of theatre after Auschwitz and Hiroshima. In his Warsaw flat-cum-studio and at the Studio Theatre, he surveyed forty years of work for New Theatre Quarterly, in conversation with the playwright Tomasz Lubienski - from a more literary theatrical tradition - and with Tony Howard, who here compiles a collage portrait of his career. The translations are by Barbara Plebanek.
2
Waszkiel,, Marek. "The Director in Puppet Theatre." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 51, no. 51 (2018): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-51.10.
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In the Polish theatre of the second half of the 20th century, and it seems that also in that of the first quarter of the 21st century, the most important person is the director. Was it always so that puppet theatre equals the director? So, the objectives of this study to determine this problem. It was only in the 20th century, beginning with the period of the great reform of theatre, that the director was given unlimited competencies. In puppet theatre this process took much longer, because the classical style of theatre organization, derived from unaccompanied and private enterprises of particular creators, also endured for longer. This profession was slow in developing. Today, it is the director that rules supreme in a puppet theatre. But we are still taking about directorial space delineated a few decades ago. In practice, Polish directors are still convinced today that theatre is intended to tell stories. This process eliminates puppetry as an independently existing art based primarily on the abilities of the craftsmen; on the miracle of animating a lifeless object, a puppet, whose magical life has so much to offer the spectators. On the contrary, axis of this process stand the artists who see the meaning of their theatrical expression in bring lifeless matter to life. This – when puppet theatre is, after all, a show; it is visual art in motion, not storytelling.
3
Kantor, Tadeusz. "Art Is a Kind of Exhibitionism." New Theatre Quarterly 6, no. 21 (1990): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00003985.
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Although now in his seventy-fifth year, the Polish director and artist Tadeusz Kantor is still regarded in the west as a startlingly experimental director, in the bleak, highly personal mould that has marked his work since the creation of the Cricot 2 Theatre in 1955. Such productions as The Water Hen, The Dead Class, Wielopole, Wielopole, and Let the Artists Die have earned him a strong cult following, but he has rarely chosen to explain his views and approach to theatre in the discursive form of an interview. We are therefore particularly pleased to be able to print here a translation of an interview which first appeared in the journal Polityka, No. 39 (November 1988), which took place during the visit of Kantor's most recent work, I Shall Never Return, to New York earlier in the same year. The translation is by Piotr Kutriwczak.
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Prykowska-Michalak, Karolina. "Teatr niemiecki i teatr polski w początkowym okresie transformacji ustrojowej." Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia 4 (April 26, 2016): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2353-8546.4.3.
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German and Polish theatre in the initial period of the political transformation.During the first theatre seasons of the nineties, German drama focused on the analysis of the social traumas following the fall of the Berlin Wall, German reunification and perestroika. However, it soon became apparent that the theatre was not able to keep pace with the political changes of the times, and it failed to do justice to their internal complications and discrepancies.The fascination with the new dramatic scenic forms originating in Germany, which could be observed in Poland in the second half of the nineties, had nothing to do with the so-called reunification drama. It more likely resulted from its fiasco and the adoption of new aesthetics and communication methods. The strengthening relation of the German and Polish theatre, i.e. joint festivals, inspired those Polish artists who sought for a new scenic language and transposed the German theatre experience into their own plays in a creative way. The scale of this movement was so extensive that it could be described as a kind of phenomenon in modern art and in relations between Poland and Germany.Das deutsche und das polnische Theater in der Anfangszeit der Systemtransformation.Die politischen Transformationen `89 hatten großen Einfluss auf die Veränderungen in Kunst und Kultur, und zwar nicht nur mit Bezug auf Deutschland und Polen, sondern vielmehr in weiten Teilen Ost- und Mittel-Osteuropas. Die deutsche Dramaturgie konzentrierte sich in den ersten Theatersaisons der 90er Jahre vorwiegend auf die Verarbeitung der aus dem Mauerfall, der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands sowie der Perestroika resultierenden gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen in Kultur- und Künstlerkreisen wird auch ein traumatischer Zustand betont. Es zeigte sich jedoch schnell, dass das Theater weder mit dem Tempo der politischen Ereignisse mithalten noch ihren inneren Verwicklungen und Widersprüchen gerecht werden konnte. Die in Polen seit Ende der 90er Jahre beobachtete Faszination von neuen dramatisch-schauspielerischen Formen aus Deutschland hatte nichts mit der sogenannten Dramaturgie der Wiedervereinigung zu tun. Sie entstand vielmehr aus deren Misslingen und der Aufnahme einer neuen Ästhetik bzw. neuen Kommunikationsmethoden. Die immer enger werdenden Kontakte zwischen dem deutschen und dem polnischen Theater z. B. über gemeinsame Festivals wurden zur Inspiration für polnische Kunstschaffende, die eine neue szenische Sprache suchten und ihre Erfahrungen mit dem deutschen Theater kreativ in eigene Inszenierungen transponierten. Die Verbreitung dieser Erscheinung war so weitreichend, dass von einem Phänomen in der zeitgenössischen Kunst sowie den künstlerischen Beziehungen zwischen Polen und Deutschland gesprochen werden kann.
5
Grzelak, Olga. "Theatre Photography as a Counterfactual Representation of Aesthetic Reality." Art History & Criticism 14, no. 1 (2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mik-2018-0006.
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Summary The article is an attempt at applying the concept of counterfactuality, typically employed with reference to narrative forms, to the analysis of visual culture, particularly to theatre photography. The material for case studies is provided by the works of Polish photographers who redefine the function of this form of photography. Typically, photography is seen by theatre historians as the prime form of theatre documentation, and therefore treated as subservient to the needs of theatre studies as an academic discipline. Contrary to that, the photographic projects analysed in the present paper (particularly those of Ryszard Kornecki and Magda Hueckel), although made in theatre during performances, have been produced and distributed as autonomous art forms which neither represent nor document theatre productions. In the analysis of these projects, I employ Margaret Olin’s concept of “performative index”, which describes the relationship between the image and the viewer as a dynamic creation of meaning. With reference to this theoretical framework, I argue that counterfactuality of theatre photography is a strategy of turning this medium into an autonomous form of art.
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Gołubiew, Zofia. "THE POET OF ART – JANUSZ WAŁEK." Muzealnictwo 59 (October 5, 2018): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6141.
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On the 8th of July 2018 died Janusz Wałek, art historian, museologist, pedagogue, born in 1941 in Bobowa. He graduated from the Jagiellonian University, the history of art faculty. In 1968, he started working in the Czartoryskis’ Museum – Branch of the National Museum in Krakow, where some time after he became a head of the European Painting Department for many years. He was a lecturer at the Fine Arts Academy, the National Academy of Theatre Arts and the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He wrote two books and numerous articles about art. He was also a poet, the winner of the Main Prize in the 1997 edition of the General Polish Poetry Competition. He was a student of Marek Rostworowski, they worked together on a number of publicly acclaimed exhibitions: “Romanticism and Romanticity in Polish Art of the 19th and 20th centuries”, “The Poles’ Own Portrait”, “Jews – Polish”. Many exhibitions and artistic shows were prepared by him alone, inter alia “The Vast Theatre of Stanisław Wyspiański”, presentations of artworks by great artists: Goya, Rafael, Titian, El Greco. He also created a few scenarios of permanent exhibitions from the Czartoryskis’ Collection – in Krakow and in Niepołomice – being a great expert on this collection. “Europeum” – European Culture Centre was organised according to the programme written by him. He specialised mostly, although not exclusively, in art and culture of the Renaissance. Janusz Wałek is presented herein as a museologist who was fully devoted to art, characterised by: creativity, broad perception of art and culture, unconventional approach to museum undertakings, unusual sensitivity and imagination. What the author of the article found worth emphasising is that J. Wałek talked and wrote about art not only as a scholar, but first of all as a poet, with beauty and zest of the language he used.
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Komorowski, Jaroslaw. "Shakespeare and the Birth of Polish Romanticism: Vilna 1786–1846." Theatre Research International 21, no. 2 (1996): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014723.
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The first phase of a long and complex process of the Polish reception of William Shakespeare's oeuvre ended in the middle of the nineteenth century with the popularization of new translations and the gradual elimination of French and German classicist adaptations. Vilna, vital centre of Polish culture, science and art, was the birthplace of Polish Romanticism and a hotbed of theatrical innovation. Vilna was also, at the turn of the eighteenth century, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and one of the major cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The school stage of Vilna Academy, established by Stefan Batory in 1578, had been active since 1582. In 1639, English actors belonging to Robert Archer's company may have visited the town; though the performances planned by King Wladyslaw IV did not take place. A permanent professional theatre was opened in 1785, when Wojciech Boguslawski, the greatest personality of the theatre of the Polish Enlightenment, came up from Warsaw with his troupe.
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Pollastrelli, Carla. "‘Art as Vehicle’: Grotowski in Pontedera." New Theatre Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2009): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x09000621.
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In this testimony, Carla Pollastrelli charts the main stages leading to Grotowski's settlement in Pontedera in Italy and to the creation of the Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski. As the Year of Grotowski, supported by UNESCO, draws to a close, her words provide a fitting tribute to a man whose influence has surpassed all geographical boundaries, whether those of his native Poland, adoptive Italy, or place of temporary refuge, the United States. Carla Pollastrelli is the co-director of the Fondazione Pontedera Teatro. Pontedera Teatro. From 1986 to 2000 she was an executive of the Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski, which in 1996 was renamed the Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski and Thomas Richards. She has edited translations of Grotowski's texts in Polish into Italian since 1978, and is the co-editor with Ludwig Flaszen of Il Teatr Laboratorium di Jerzy Grotowski, 1959–1969: testi e materiali di Jerzy Grotowski e Ludwik Flaszen con uno scritto di Eugenio Barba (Jerzy Grotowski's Laboratory Theatre, 1959–1969: Jerzy Grotowski and Ludwig Flaszen's Texts and Materials and a Text by Eugenio Barba (Fondazione Pontedera Teatro, 2001; second edition, La Casa Usher, 2007) and the collection of Grotowski's texts, Holiday e teatro delle fonti (Holiday and the Theatre of Sources, La Casa Usher, 2006).
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Łubieniewska, Ewa. "Portret „teatrała”. Tadeusz Kudliński – krytyk..." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 18 (December 12, 2018): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.18.8.
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Tadeusz Kudliński remained in the memory of Cracovians, above all, as a theatre critic and the author of books dedicated to this topic, which have been republished many times. Serving the function of an educational mission, they combined a harmonious perspective of a historian, researcher, critic, polemicist and apologist, who was also a great story-teller. The role of a ‘theatre man’, which he assumed, also included contacts with amateur theatre, discussions with audience and cooperation with the Theatre Lovers Club. Views on art which had clashed in the preceding century, were clearly reflected in the monographs and collections of reviews written by the author, for whom the history of the theatre was, in fact, the history of drama. For years, Kudliński consistently carried out his ‘theatre lesson’. It revolved around numerous issues – from the description of various theatrical aesthetics, through the search for ‘a Polish style’ of performance, to the characterisation of experimental groups (e.g. Grotowski’s or student theatre). The critic placed experiment on the side of cultural life, on no account in the popular theatre, therefore, he criticised all Polish directors from the second half of the 20th century who staged ‘experimentally’, especially classics. Being a traditionalist and a supporter of theatrical illusion, he attacked Brecht’s model of epic performance, glorifying ”the process of actor transformation”, although he emphasised that it doesn’t have to ”concern only reality.” He provoked, irritated – and taught, which can be confirmed by the fact that his books about theatre are still widely read nowadays.
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Tomaszewska, Ewa, and Marzenna Wiśniewska. "Kronika życia i twórczości Jana Dormana (1912–1986)." Pamiętnik Teatralny 68, no. 3-4 (2019): 13–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/pt.9.
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Jan Dorman (b. Dębowa Góra, now Sosnowiec, 1912–d. Będzin, 1986) was a teacher, director, stage designer, author of texts for theatre, founder of the Experimental Child’s Theatre (ETD) in Sosnowiec (1945–1951) and The Children of Zagłębie’s Theatre (TDZ) in Będzin, which has been named after him (1951–1977), lecturer at the Faculty of Puppetry in Wrocław, Branch of the State Academic School of Theatre (PWST) in Krakow, now Stanisław Wyspiański Academy of Theatre Arts (1978–1986), promoter of culture in Będzin. His theatre practice situated itself between children’s theatre, young spectator’s theatre, puppet theatre, avant-garde art theatre and experiments close to the happening. Dorman’s performances were presented at many festivals internationally; the work of TDZ that he directed represented Poland at the International Exhibition of Stage Design in Amiens, France (1969). Dorman wrote and adapted texts for theatre, composed and selected music, designed the sets (along with his son, Jacek), initiated the “Herody” review of folk productions, maintained extensive contacts with Polish and foreign theatre communities, contributed regularly to theatre magazines (including Scena, Teatr Lalek, Teatr), and he published his book Children Playing at Theatre. Throughout his life, Dorman recorded his practice through meticulously produced archival documentation.
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Waszkiel, Halina. "The Puppet Theatre in Poland." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 51, no. 51 (2018): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-51.09.
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Background, problems and innovations of the study. The modern Puppet Theater in Poland is a phenomenon that is very difficult for definition and it opposes its own identification itself. Problems here start at the stage of fundamental definitions already. In English, the case is simpler: “doll” means a doll, a toy, and “puppet” is a theatrical puppet, as well as in French functions “poupée” and “marionette” respectively. In Polish, one word serves both semantic concepts, and it is the reason that most identify the theater of puppets with theater for children, that is a big mistake. Wanting to get out of this hassle, some theaters have thrown out their puppet signage by skipping their own names. Changes in names were intended only to convey information to viewers that in these theaters do not always operate with puppets and not always for the children’s audience. In view of the use of the word “animation” in Polish, that is, “vitalization”, and also the “animator”, that is, “actor who is animating the puppet”, the term “animant” is suggested, which logically, in our opinion, is used unlike from the word “puppet”. Every subject that is animated by animator can be called an animant, starting with classical puppets (glove puppets, cane puppets, excretory puppets, silhouette puppets, tantamarees, etc.) to various plastic shapes (animals, images of fantastic creatures or unrelated to any known), any finished products (such as chairs, umbrellas, cups), as well as immaterial, which are animated in the course of action directed by the actor, either visible to viewers or hidden. In short, the animator animates the animant. If the phenomenon of vitalization does not come, that is, the act of giving “the animant” the illusion of life does not occur, then objects on the stage remain only the requisite or elements of scenography. Synopsis of the main material of the study. In the past, puppet performances, whether fair or vernacular, were seen by everyone who wanted, regardless of age. At the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, the puppet theater got divided into two separate areas – theater for adults and the one for children. After the war, the professional puppet theater for adults became a branch of the puppet theater for children. In general, little has changed so far. The only puppet theater that plays exclusively for adults is “Theater – the Impossible Union”, under the direction of Mark Khodachinsky. In the Polish puppet theater the literary model still dominates, that is, the principle of starting to work on the performance from the choice of drama. There is no such literary work, old or modern, which could not be adapted for the puppet theater. The only important thing is how and why to do it, what significance carries the use of animants, and also, whether the applying of animation does the audience mislead, as it happens when under the name of the puppet theater at the festival shows performances that have nothing in common with puppets / animations. What special the puppet theater has to offer the adult audience? The possibilities are enormous, and in the historical perspective may be many significant achievements, but this does not mean that the masterpieces are born on the stones. The daily offer of theaters varies, and in reality the puppet theaters repertoire for adults is quite modest. The metaphorical potential of puppets equally well justifies themselves, both in the classics and in modern drama. The animants perfectly show themselves in a poetry theater, fairy-tale, conventional and surrealistic. The puppet theater has an exceptional ability to embody inhuman creatures. These can be figures of deities, angels, devils, spirits, envy, death. At the puppet scenes, also animals act; come alive ordinary household items – chairs, umbrellas, fruits and vegetables, whose animation gives not only an interesting comic effect or grotesque, but also demonstrates another, more empathic view of the whole world around us. In the theater of dolls there is no limit to the imagination of creators, because literally everything can became an animant. You need only puppeteers. The puppet theater in Poland, for both children and adults, has strong organizational foundations. There are about 30 institutional theaters (city or voivodship), as well as an increasing number of “independent theaters”. The POLUNIMA, that is, the Polish branch of the UNIMA International Union of Puppets, operates. The valuable, bilingual (Polish–English) quarterly magazine “Puppet Theater” is being issued. The number of puppet festivals is increasing rapidly, and three of them are devoted to the adult puppet theater: “Puppet is also a human” in Warsaw, “Materia Prima” in Krakow, “Metamorphoses of Puppets” in Bialystok. There is no shortage of good dramas for both adults and children (thanks to the periodical “New Art for Children and Youth” published by the Center for Children’s Arts in Poznan). Conclusions. One of the main problems is the lack of vocational education in the field of the scenography of the puppet theater. The next aspect – creative and now else financial – the puppet show is more difficult, in general more expensive and more time-consuming in preparation than the performance in the drama theater. Actor-puppeteer also gets a task those three times heavier: to play live (as an actor in a drama theater), while playing a puppet and with a puppet. Consequently, the narrative of dramatic story on the stage is triple: the actor in relation to the viewer, the puppet in relation to the viewer, the actor in relation to the puppet. The director also works double – both the actor and the puppet should be led. It is necessary to observe the effect that arises from the actions of both stage partners. So the second threat seems to be absurd, but, alas, it is very real – the escape of puppeteers from puppets. The art of the puppet theater requires hard work, and by its nature, it is more chamber. This art is important for gourmets, poets, admirers of animation skills, as well as the searchers for new artistic ways in the theater, in wide understanding. Fortunately, there are some real fans of the puppet theater, and their admiration for the miracle of animation is contagious.
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Michalak, Hubert. "Transmisje pamięci." Pamiętnik Teatralny 68, no. 3-4 (2019): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/pt.14.
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The paper is dedicated to Powiedz, że jestem… (“Tell me that I am…”), one of the last productions directed by Jan Dorman (The State Drama Theatre in Wałbrzych, prem. June 16, 1985). It addresses the issue of memory, linking it to the theme of hiding Jews during World War II. Both these motifs were firmly inscribed in the production, and they referred to a fresh and almost unrecognized issue on Polish stages at the time of the premiere. By addressing the issue of various media of memory and several models of its stage representation, the text attempts to reconstruct both the director’s concept and the artistic shape of the production. And by pointing out the most important departures from Dorman’s previous art practices, it sketches the evolution of Dorman’s concept of his art. Invoking subsequent realisations of the director’s staging concept and the theme of The Jewish “Renaissance” Theatre operating in Wałbrzych (unknown to artists), as contexts, expands the issue of memory in the theatre through including multilateral, performative, functioning of this particular staging.
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Szawerna-Dyrszka, Anna. "Vilnius’s "Comoedia" – Another Link in the History of the Avant-garde." Tematy i Konteksty specjalny 1(2020) (2020): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.spec.eng.2020.27.
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The aim of the article is to discuss the magazine “Comoedia” dedicated to art and culture. From the start, “Comoedia” attracted contributions from eminent figures in letters and the arts. However, until now the monthly periodical has been described as a magazine devoted only to the theatre. The author of the article proves that “Comoedia” is “a missing link” in the chain of the Polish avant-garde movement in literature.
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Idziak-Smoczyńska, Urszula. "Wittgenstein and the Theatre of Confession." Wittgenstein-Studien 9, no. 1 (2018): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2018-0004.
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Abstract:In this article we perform a juxtaposition of Wittgenstein’s confession with the art of drama. Our aim is to transpose the private language argument criticizing the ostensive definition of internal objects (beetle in a box thought experiment) onto confession and the art of drama performance. The play (possibly called “game”) of the actor is not an expression of his soul interior, but an autonomous necessity in the most decisive meaning – which means: the only thing to be done. Correspondingly, confession doesn’t express any interior misery – it is an acting (the double sense of this word will be further developed), the only possible acting within these conditions, the only possible response to one’s condition – a condition of mutilation where human misery appears very distinctly. Confession creates neither a relation of power (as Foucault was demonstrating in his late writings) nor a form of emotional exhibitionism but a language game consisting on words judging oneself, immune to interpretation, explanation, and vanity coming from their expression. Irreplaceable words become the agent of salvation.1 This article is the effect of great encounters that helped me – a non-Wittgensteinian – to “see” Wittgenstein perhaps more than understand his philosophy. I should first address many thanks to Dr. Ilse Somavilla who welcomed me on the beautiful roof of the Brenner Archives in Innsbruck together with its director Prof. Ulrike Tanzer (Thank you!). It is through Ilse Somavilla’s writings and archive editing work that I could engage myself and follow her on a path of reading Wittgenstein with a sensibility for religion and art. I owe also a lot of thankfulness to Prof. Alois Pichler for long lasting, repeated hospitality in the Wittgenstein Archives at the Bergen University and great patience for my plans of developing research plans about Wittgenstein in the Polish Galicia. The ability to visit these two places, Norway and Austria, have left inside myself a Wittgensteinian imagery that creates the scenography of my philosophical attempt inside this article. My research would not be possible without receiving the scholarship of the Republic of Austria OEAD for which I also express my deep gratitude. I am also very grateful to Kasia Mala for her linguistic revision of my article. And finally, what triggered this Winn-gensteinian performance were unforgettable dinners with Maja, my Mother Agata, and my son Światopełek – to say they were inspiring is not enough…
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Tyszka, Juliusz. "Stanislavsky in Poland: Ethics and Politics of the Method." New Theatre Quarterly 5, no. 20 (1989): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00003675.
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The reception of most manifestations of Russian art and culture in Poland is linked inextricably with the political situation, and official and popular attitudes are often widely divergent. From the first visit of the Moscow Art Theatre to Warsaw in 1908, when most Poles boycotted the performances, through enthusiasm tempered by ignorance in the inter-war period, to the 'Stalinization' of Stanislavsky as official mediator of socialist realism in the late 'forties, Polish attitudes to the 'method' which was Stanislavsky's legacy are here examined by Juliusz Tyszka. Today, he concludes, Poles have largely consigned Stanislavsky to the lumber-room of history – though there are a few cautionary voices who urge his continuing relevance.
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Solski, Zbigniew, Władysław. "Obrus, o definicji performansu." DYSKURS. PISMO NAUKOWO-ARTYSTYCZNE ASP WE WROCŁAWIU 26, no. 26 (2019): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9870.
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From its very beginning the development of performatics was influenced by two kinds of performance activities: performance art and theatre. In Poland theatrologists became proponents of performatics. The translation of Schechner’s book about performance studies was used to homogenise Polish performative vocabulary: the translator reached for the polonized word “performans” and created a new term: “performatyka”. Thanks to Schechner’s general definition – performances are actions, while the subject of performatics are behaviours – the concept of “performans” proved to be very useful because the Polish language lacks such “transparent tool of description”. When in the U.S.A. the researchers dealing with performance studies radically broadened the area of performative activities, their representative in Poland, Jacek Wachowski, became involved in the process of limiting the notion of “performans” and theatre’s influence on performatics. This article is devoted to his innovative proposal.
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Solski, Zbigniew Władysław. "Tablecloth definition of performance." DYSKURS. PISMO NAUKOWO-ARTYSTYCZNE ASP WE WROCŁAWIU 26, no. 26 (2019): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9889.
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From its very beginning the development of performatics was influenced by two kinds of performance activities: performance art and theatre. In Poland theatrologists became proponents of performatics. The translation of Schechner’s book about performance studies was used to homogenise Polish performative vocabulary: the translator reached for the polonized word “performans” and created a new term: “performatyka”. Thanks to Schechner’s general definition – performances are actions, while the subject of performatics are behaviours – the concept of “performans” proved to be very useful because the Polish language lacks such “transparent tool of description”. When in the U.S.A. the researchers dealing with performance studies radically broadened the area of performative activities, their representative in Poland, Jacek Wachowski, became involved in the process of limiting the notion of “performans” and theatre’s influence on performatics. This article is devoted to his innovative proposal.
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Yakubova, Natalia. "Behind the Scenes: Theatre Women Write to Literary Men." New Theatre Quarterly 32, no. 3 (2016): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x16000208.
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In this article Natalia Yakubova explores the interactions between theatre and literature as between an actress on one side and a man of letters on the other. The interactions discussed here came at a particular historical moment, when the transition from an actor-centred to a director-centred hierarchy was taking place, and the article deals with the letters written by actresses to the men who were playwrights and/or theoreticians of the new theatre: Eleonora Duse writing to Gabriele D’Annunzio, Vera Komissarzhevskaya to Valery Bryusov, Irena Solska to Jerzy Żuławski, and Gertrud Eysoldt to Hugo von Hofmannsthal. In each case study, attention is paid to the characteristics of the relationships between a given actress and a particular writer, their attitudes towards theatre reform, the way in which the actresses evaluated the literary status of their letter writing, and, significantly, the stylistic features of their writing. Natalia Yakubova is a senior researcher of the State Institute of Art Studies in Moscow, and was Marie Curie Fellow at the Institute of Literary Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences between 2013 and 2015. She is author of O Witkacym (2010) and Teatr epokhi peremen v Polshe, Vengrii i Rossii 1990-ye–2010-ye (2014), and has published numerous articles in Russia, Poland, the USA, and Canada, among other countries.
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Galina, Gulnaz S. "The Role of City Culture in the Formation of the Bashkir National Art of the Pre-Revolutionary Period." ICONI, no. 1 (2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2658-4824.2020.1.046-056.
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The article presents some basic information about the development of city musical culture in the Orenburg gubernia and in Ufa during the pre-revolutionary period. The regularity of the formation of the phenomenon of the city cultural milieu is traced by the examples of such components as concert and theatre practice, in the context of which the foundations of compositional and performance professionalism indispensable for the development of European genres were perfected. As the result of an overview of various forms of musicmaking at home and the concert and theater practice, the foundations of which had been installed by the direct bearers of European culture itself — Polish insurgents banished to the gubernia in the 18th century — the fact is substantiated that the Russian-European academic musical tradition conditioned the environment due to which national concert life was established in the early 20th century. It is proven that the Europeanization in Bashkir culture began not during the period of the Soviet cultural development, but on the wave of Jadidism in the activities of the new-method madrassahs, which in the beginning of the previous century became the main centers for sacred and secular culture. At the same time, the emergence of combined Tatar-Bashkir dramatic theatrical troupes conducive towards the onset of national theatrical music is the greatest accomplishment of Bashkir music in the prerevolutionary period, which connected the pre-revolutionary epoch with the period of formation of national compositional schools.
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Sribniak, Ihor. "Ukrainian amateur theatre at the internment camp of the UNR army in Strzałkowo, Poland, as viewed by theatrical critics in August 1921 — July 1922 (according to the materials of the journal Promin / Sunbeam)." Synopsis: Text Context Media 26, no. 2 (2020): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2020.2.5.
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The aim of the study is the understanding of the theatre role for formation of spiritual and ideological ideals of interned soldiers. This involves analysis of the amateur circle repertoire and critical reception of plays as well as reconstruction of value motivation of Ukrainian military groups. The historical method, source analysis and synthesis have been used for this purpose. The results of the study showed that the theatrical performances were prepared by several artistic and actor groups (repertory companies), and the informal competition took place between them. Such situation formed the tradition of critical appraisal of the theatrical plays and their publication on the pages of the camp “live” newspaper “Promin”. It is worth mentioning that critics did not miss the opportunity to show the negative sides or, contrarily, praise the actors’ training and stagecraft during the performances. Theatrical stage performances of camp drama and art groups had a significant importance in boosting morale of the interned soldiers as well as satisfying their nostalgic feelings for their homes and native land. The majority of theatrical plays were nationally aspired by the context and spirit (all the dramas were prepared for the stage production in Ukrainian), which thus promoted the spiritual consolidation of the interned warriors. Importantly, camp residents were seeking and finding their own creative ways for the representation of their art pursuits, contributing to the treasury of the Ukrainian and global culture. The significance of the Ukrainian theatre in Strzałkowo is based on the notion that thanks to the mastery performance of amateur actors as well as the Ukrainian songs as supporting music for the theatrical plays, Polish society gradually became to acknowledge positively the Ukrainian National Republic and Ukrainians as the integral part of the European political, national and cultural environment. The article novelty is connected with introducing the information about amateur theatre circles of internal soldiers and critical reception of their activities. The practical significance of the research is that its results prove the longevity of the Ukrainian dramatic tradition.
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Laster, Dominika. "Embodied Memory: Body-Memory in the Performance Research of Jerzy Grotowski." New Theatre Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2012): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x12000413.
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In this article Dominika Laster examines the embodied-memory work undertaken by the Polish theatre director and performance researcher Jerzy Grotowski. While Grotowski approached work with memory – which in his practice necessarily implied body-memory – in a variety of ways, it was often as a mode of inquiry. For Grotowski, there were at least two different types of memory work, which emerge in two distinct phases of his research. The first was the use of body-memory undertaken during the Theatre of Production phase. Here, the work with body-memory was used as a tool in the actor's process of self-penetration and opening, serving as an instrument in the rediscovery of impulses and intentions of a past moment. This process of rediscovery is integral to the freeing of creativity and tapping into the obstructed internal resources of the actor. Another use of memory work, which became articulated in the phase of Grotowski's research known as Art as Vehicle, is that which facilitates the rediscovery of essence. Grotowski's practice of ‘active remembering’ functioned as a tool in the search for one's essence, understood as the most intimate, pre-cultural aspect of the self, which precedes difference and is at once the most singular and universal aspect of being. Dominika Laster is a Lecturer in Theatre. Her book A Bridge Made of Memory: Embodied Memory, Witnessing, and Transmission in the Grotowski Work and her edition of Loose Screws: Nine New Plays from Poland, are forthcoming from Seagull Press (distributed globally by the University of Chicago Press).
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Morozova, Irina Pavlovna. "Theatre activity in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (2017): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764211.
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The paper deals with the problems of theatre activity development in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw. The research objective is to define what changes happened in the theatre activity in the Southern Urals after Stalins repressions in 1953-1964. For the research the author used periodicals, archival documents, books about the theater. The research has shown that after Stalins personality cult exposure there were big theater changes in the southern Urals. People became more interested in the theatre. It was in Bashkiria where the theater developed greatly. The paper examines the creative activity of theatres in the southern Urals, Orenburg Region and Bashkortostan, reveals specific features and problems in the functioning of the studied institutions in the era of the thaw, studies repertoire policy of theaters. The repertoire updated and new theaters opened. Actors and directors found new forms of art self-expression. Drama art stops being the weapon of the political propaganda. The author has no opportunity to carry out a comparative analysis of this research with other researches as the subject has not been investigated by anybody yet.
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Knorowski, Mariusz. "Between Connotation and Denotation. Posters Announcing the Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music in 1956-2015." Musicology Today 14, no. 1 (2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/muso-2017-0007.
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Abstract The posters that accompany the successive Warsaw Autumn Festival editions are a unique collection of works, mostly of outstanding quality. One might venture the thesis that their artistic value – living up to the high demands of the topic – exceeds the typical standards of representation characteristic of popular art. Formally speaking, they abandon the conventions of egalitarian iconographic art in favour of a more elite-oriented visual formula, addressed to a competent audience knowledgeable about contemporary music and its qualities. The authors of these WA posters include many artists associated with the Polish school, such as Jan Lenica, Jan Młodożeniec, Julian Pałka, Waldemar Świerzy, Henryk Tomaszewski, and Wojciech Zamecznik. Their graphic representations of the achievements of the musical avant-garde do not, however, situate this poster series within the well-sanctioned canon of the “Polish poster school”, mostly associated with the film and theatre – generally considered as more “democratic” and entertainment-oriented disciplines of art. The WA posters point to an evident polarisation of visual culture, corresponding to the division between high and low culture and between two types of audiences, differing in expectations. These posters form a largely autonomous collection and may be viewed as supplementary to the music they refer to, which determined the choice of expressive means appropriate to this topic. The whole collection is a display of its authors’ evident skills and their ability to live up to the high demands placed on these works. The task of translating one medium into another (in this case – a visual one) requires intellectual discipline. Some kind of (at least formal) similarity between the two media needs to be discovered, and shared semantic elements ought to be traced. On the verbal level, such similarities are presented in terms of related distinctive features, ways of describing phenomena, and intuitions. The 19th-century Romantic concept of the correspondance des arts was based on similar assumptions. The Romantics attempted to systematise the emotions accompanying the experience of different arts, looking for affinities and similar form-building strategies.
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Markovic-Bozovic, Ksenija. "Theatre audience development as a social function of contemporary theatres." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 175 (2020): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2075437m.
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From the last decades of the previous century, the re-examination of the social functions of cultural institutions began - especially the institutions of elite art, to which the theatre belongs. In this regard, numerous researches are conducted focusing on the ?broader? social role of the theatre, as well as exploring the dynamics and quality of the relationship between theatre and its audience. Their outcomes are the recommendations of innovative strategic activities, by which the theatre can establish deeper relations with the existing and attract new audiences, i.e. more efficiently realize its cultural-emancipatory, social-inclusive, social-cohesive, educational, and other similar potentials. Extensive research of the functional type, which combines the analysis of the process of theatre production, distribution and reception, and sheds light on the ways in which theatre functions in the community, has not been conducted in Serbia so far. However, for many years, there have been conducted researches that provide sufficiently relevant answers, analysing this topic from individual aspects of the audience, marketing activities, cultural policy and theatre management. Their overall conclusion is that theatres in Serbia must (re)orient themselves to the external environment - (re)define their social mission and actively approach the process of diversification of the audience. However, the practical implementation of such recommendations is still lacking, theatre organizations find it difficult to adopt the idea that changes must be initiated by themselves, which brings us to the question of the attitudes on which these organizations establish their work. In this regard, the paper maps of and analyzes the opinions of managers and employees of Belgrade theatres on the topic of the role of theatre in the audience development and generation of the ?additional? social value, contextualizing the opinions in relation to the current circumstances, i. e. specific practices of these institutions. In conclusion, an original theoretical model of ?two-way adaptation of public city theatres? is developed, recognizing the importance of strategic action in culture both ?bottom-up? and ?top-down?, and proposing exact activities and approaches to theatre and cultural policy in the field of theater audience development.
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Kasianova, Olena. "Evolutionary modifications of dance scenes in the context of the genesis of the ukrainian opera." Ukrainian musicology 46 (October 27, 2020): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/0130-5298.2020.46.234595.
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The relevance of the research lies in the search for a solution to the problem of the plasticchoreographic image of the work, the peculiarities of the interpretation of dance in the process of the formation of the Ukrainian national opera school, taking into account the author's intention, its rethinking in the realities of our time. Scientific novelty lies in the definition of conceptual approaches to the genre-style interpretation of dance scenes in Ukrainian opera in accordance with the theatrical aesthetics of a particular time. The purpose of the publication is to determine the evolutionary modifications of the solution of plastic-choreographic scenes of musical and theatrical works in accordance with the aesthe-tic concepts of different stages of the formation of the Ukrainian national opera school. Research methods. In the context of an integrated intersectoral approach at the junction of philosophy, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, musicology and theatre studies, comparative and art history research methods are chosen as determinants. Their use makes it possible to determine the similarity and difference between genre-style interpretations of dance scenes in accordance with the theatrical aesthetics of a particular time. The main results and conclusions of the study. The article examines the process of formation of dance scenes in the historical context of the development of the Ukrainian opera school. The features of the use of dance at different stages of the formation of the national repertoire in various configurations of the Ukrainian musical theatre from its origins to the present day are outlined. The fundamental principles of the interpretation of dance in Ukrainian opera, laid down in the predecessors of the national musical theatre – old games, a puppet nativity scene, baroque school drama, palace theatres of Ukrainian, Polish, Russian magnates of the era of classicism, are character-rized. The evolutionary modifications of the plastic-choreographic solution of opera performances against the background of the genesis of the Ukrainian musical theatre are analyzed. The well-established key approaches to the interpretation of dance scenes in the Ukrainian opera are determined, mainly the positive role of choreography in solving the musical drama of the performance. The author highlights the differences between Ukrainian opera content and Western European and Russian traditions, where vocals as the personification of a person's soul or the image of a friend, and dance as the embodiment of temptations or the image of an enemy are quite often in opposition to each other. The specificity of the interpretation of dance in the Ukrainian opera through the prism of its historical formation is clarified: from the use of divertissement samples of the times of classicism through illustrative and pictorial eras of romanticism, efficiently expressive epochs of realism and Soviet reality to conventionally symbolic, conventionally abstract in the culture of modernity and postmodernism. Different approaches to the solution of dance in opera performances in evacuation and in the occupied territories with distinction in the East and West of Ukraine have been established. The conceptual approaches of the genre-style interpretation of dance scenes in the Ukrainian opera are revealed in accordance with the theatrical aesthetics of a particular time. Attention is focused on the prospects for the emergence of new genre-stylistic forms with the gravitation of their plastic-choreographic solution to neosyncretism.
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Pekkala, Laura, and Riku Roihankorpi. "An Artistic Community and a Workplace." Nordic Theatre Studies 30, no. 1 (2018): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v30i1.106926.
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The article analyzes how money interacts with the practices and organizational activities of independent theatres in Finland in the 2010s. It discusses what kind of development the interaction entails or favors in the wider context of Finnish cultural policy. We share the results of Visio (2015-16), an empirical study and development project funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture and carried out with four professional independent theatres, which originated as group theatres, but are now institutionalized and operate with discretionary state subsidies. During the development project supported by Theatre Centre Finland, the study observed aspects of organizational development and learning as well as sustainable work in the said theatres. This was done via ethnographic and multiple case study methodologies. The study defined a theatre organization as a community for artistic work and a workplace for a diverse group of theatre professionals. The cases and the ethnographies were then reflected against current Finnish cultural policy.As descendants of the group theatre movement – arising from artistic ambition and opposition to commercialism – Finnish independent theatres have developed in different directions in their ideas of theatre, artistic visions, objectives, production models, and positioning in the field. Yet, there is a tendency to define independent theatres in opposition to theatres subsidized by law (the so-called VOS theatres), instead of laying stress on their specific artistic or operational visions or characteristics. This emphasis is present in public discussions, but also in the self-definitions of independent theatres. Money, and the economic affairs it underlines, strongly interact with the development, organizational learning, and working culture of Finnish independent theatres. Theoretically, we promote a Simmelian framework that stresses the socio-cultural dimension of money. Thus, we examine how the practices of the monetary economy are present in the practices and the development of independent theatres, and how this reflects their position within the current cultural policy and funding systems. Based on the above, the article suggests a more versatile approach to artistic independent theatres – one that emphasizes recognizing the heterogeneity of their operating models and artistic orientations, and their roles as diverse artistic communities aside from workplaces.
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Dunkelberg, Kermit. "Confrontation, Simulation, Admiration: The Wooster Group's Poor Theater." TDR/The Drama Review 49, no. 3 (2005): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1054204054742444.
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The Wooster Group's Poor Theater questions the state of contemporary performance by trying on the styles of a vanished group, the Polish Laboratory Theatre, dissolved in 1984; and a vanishing one, the Ballett Frankfurt, disbanded in August 2004 (half a year after Poor Theater had its first showing) and resurrected as the smaller Forsythe Company in 2005.
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Tyszka, Juliusz. "Polish Alternative Theatre during the Period of Transition, 1989–94." New Theatre Quarterly 12, no. 45 (1996): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00009647.
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AN ALTERNATIVE theatre movement emerged in Poland in the mid 1950s, following the post-Stalinist thaw. Its creators invented and applied new means of communication between actor and spectator thanks to their radical opposition to the mainstream state repertory theatres. This resulted not only in the internationally known achievements of Grotowski and Kantor, but also in the creation of thousands of independent student and amateur groups of great artistic and social importance. The new political and economic order in Poland has liberated these alternative theatres from their political duties and charged them with the even more difficult task of helping and supporting the search for new means of social communication.
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Żurowski, Andrzej, and Piotr Kuhiwzak. "Old and New in the Polish Theatre: a Season at the Stary." New Theatre Quarterly 3, no. 10 (1987): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00008666.
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The Stary Theatre in Cracow has. since the death of its former director Konrad Swinarski, enjoyed a reputation for more eclectic work than those Polish theatres identified with a single, strong directorial ‘line’. Its recent season nevertheless reveals that this ‘old’ playhouse, as its name translates, remains in the vanguard of new and experimental work, with three productions of contrasting styles but shared stature – Wajda's Crime and Punishment. Pasolini's Affabulazione. and Bradecki's A Pattern of Metaphysical Evidence. The leading Polish critic Andrzej Żurowski. who is also vice-president of the International Association of Theatre Critics, provides an evocative comparison of plays, directors, and styles.
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Tomaszewicz, Agnieszka, and Joanna Majczyk. "In a Time Loop: Politics and the Ideological Significance of Monuments to Those Who Perished on Saint Anne Mountain (1934–1955, Germany/Poland)." Arts 10, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010017.
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Polish Góra św. Anny (Saint Anne Mountain), previously German Annaberg, is one of the few places in the world where art was utilized to promote two regimes—fascist and communist. With the use of art, the refuge of pagan gods and then, Christian Saint John’s Mountain with Saint Ann’s church and a calvary site were transformed into a mausoleum of the victims of uprisings and wars—those placed by politics on opposite sides of the barricade. The “sacred” character of the mountain was appropriated in the 1930s by the fascist Thingstätte under the form of an open-air theatre with a mausoleum, erected to commemorate fallen German soldiers in the Third Silesian Uprising. After the Second World War, the same place was “sacralized” by the Monument of the Insurgents’ Deed, which replaced the German object. The aim of both of them was to commemorate those who had perished in the same armed conflicts—uprisings from the years 1919–1921, when the Poles opposed German administration of Upper Silesia. According to the assumptions of both national socialism as well as communism, the commemorative significance of both monuments was subjected to ideological messages. Both monuments were supposed to constitute not only the most important element of the place where patriotic manifestations were intended to be held, but also a kind of counterbalance for the local pilgrims’ center dedicated to the cult of Saint Anne. The aim of the paper is to present the process of transforming a Nazi monument into its communist counterpart, at the same time explaining the significance of both monuments in the context of changing political reality. This paper has not been based on one exclusive research method—historical and field studies have been conducted, together with iconographical and iconological analyses of the monuments viewed from their comparative perspective. The text relies on archive materials—documents, press releases, and projects, including architectural drawings of the monument staffage—discovered by the authors and never published before. They would connect the structure not only to the surrounding landscape but, paradoxically, to the fascist Thingstätte.
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Karulin, Ott. "The Influence of Natural Monopolies on Cultural Democracy in the Performing Arts in Estonia." Nordic Theatre Studies 30, no. 1 (2018): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v30i1.106916.
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The core question of this article is to what extent has the state set securing cultural democracy (vs. the democratisation of culture as defined by François Matarasso and Charles Landry1[1]) in the performing arts in Estonia as its policy goal. In Estonia, the theatre field is dominated by natural monopolies. These are companies that receive most of the financial subsidies in a respective field, making it economically non-viable for any other company to duplicate these resources. In Estonia, there are eight state-owned theatres (called G8-theatres) that collect, on average, 60% or more of the state subsidies for theatres, the state-subsidized theatre visits and the total income from ticket sales. As stated in the Competition Act of Estonia, company or companies that earn more than 40% of the turnover of the whole market are considered natural monopolies. Therefore, the G8-theatres are natural monopolies. The question whether the Estonian state has done enough to compensate non-governmental theatres (called NonGov theatres) for the aggregation of resources to natural monopolies is one of the main focuses of this article. Here, two strategies are analysed: the activity of the Cultural Endowment of Estonia and the state's attempt to invest in building an alternative infrastructure for NonGov theatres.
 
 [1] François Matarasso and Charles Landry, Balancing act : twenty-one strategic dilemmas in cultural policy, Cultural Policies Research and Development Unit, Policy Note No. 4, Council of Europe Publishing, Belgium 1999, p 13–14.
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Davis, Jim. "‘Scandals to the Neighbourhood’: Cleaning-up the East London Theatres." New Theatre Quarterly 6, no. 23 (1990): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00004541.
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Sustaining the long, initially pioneering concern of TQ and NTQ with popular aspects of nineteenth-century theatre. Jim Davis looks here at the men and the methods involved in improving the reputations of the neighbourhood theatres of the East End of London. Usually noticed for its effects on the licensing of theatre buildings, the Theatre Regulation Act of 1843 also brought the newly ‘legitimate’ theatres under the direct control of the Lord Chamberlain. Particularly around the mid-century, the Examiner of Plays, William Bodham Donne, responded to public concern (some genuine, some worked-up by interested parties) by commissioning police reports on theatres, and on occasion requiring appropriate action – from the limiting of performances to one per evening, to the erection of public urinals. Here, Jim Davis, who contributed an article on ‘Images of the British Navy in Nautical Melodrama’ to NTQ14 (1988), and is the author of several books and articles in related areas, offers the first documentation of a little-explored subject.
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Khabutdinova, Mileusha, and Rezeda Mukhametshina. "Sławomir Mrożek at the Tatar stage: the metamorphoses of Polish stage." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 2 (2018): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3589.
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In this article we analyzed the stage interpretation of Sławomir Mrożek’s play on the scene of Tatar theatre. The performance of “Shashkan babay” (“The mad grandfather”) play was staged on the 10th of February, 2016 by Karim Tinchurin drama and comedy theatre in Kazan. It was the first staging of Sławomir Mrożek’s in Tatar language. In this article we generalize the history of Sławomir Mrożek’s plays production waves in Russia. The specifics of Polish text interpretation by producer Rashid Zagidullin was outlined. We proved that “Shashkan babay” play production continues the best tradition of Russian and Polish theatres.
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Tyszka, Juliusz. "Polish Theatre." TDR (1988-) 37, no. 1 (1993): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1146265.
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Cook, Joe. "Blaho Uhlàr and the Slovak Theatre of Crisis." New Theatre Quarterly 8, no. 30 (1992): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0000662x.
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When we published Barbara Day's introduction to modern theatre in Czechoslovakia in NTQ7 (1986), we could little imagine that by the turn of the decade we would be carrying regular reports from Eastern Europe on the effects of the disintegration of the Soviet empire upon the theatres and theatre people of the former satellite states. In NTQ27 (1991), we included an overview of recent developments in the Polish theatre – following this up in NTQ28 with a detailed feature on the work of a single company in the new era, Gardzienice. Here, we similarly complement Premsyl Rut's report in NTQ27 on ‘The State of the New Czech Theatre’ with a study of the work of one of the directors who, like so many people in the arts, served as a herald to the ‘velvet revolution’ – Blaho Uhlár, whose career began, in the difficult years after the Soviet invasion of 1968, with the Theatre for Children and Youth, and whose most recently completed production with the Divadle Alexandra Duchnovic company, Nono, visited the Chapter Arts Centre in Cardiff during the city's festival last October.
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Fowler, Mayhill C. "What Was Soviet and Ukrainian About Soviet Ukrainian Culture? Mykola Kulish’sMyna Mazailoon the Soviet Stage." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 3 (2019): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.12.
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AbstractIn the Soviet Union theatre was an arena for cultural transformation. This article focuses on theatre director Les Kurbas’ 1929 production of playwright Mykola Kulish’sMyna Mazailo, a dark comedy about Ukrainianization, to show the construction of “Soviet Ukrainian” culture. While the Ukrainian and the Soviet are often considered in opposition, this article takes the culture of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic seriously as a category. Well before Stalin’s infamous adage “national in form and socialist in content,” artists like Kulish and Kurbas were engaged in making art that was not “Ukrainian” in a generic Soviet mold, or “Soviet” art in a generic “Ukrainian” mold, but rather art of an entirely new category: Soviet Ukrainian. Far from a mere mouthpiece for state propaganda, early Soviet theatre offered a space for creating new values, social hierarchies, and worldviews. More broadly, this article argues that Soviet nationality policy was not only imposed from above, but also worked out on the stages of the republic by artists, officials, and audiences alike. Tracing productions ofMyna Mazailointo the post-Soviet period, moreover, reveals a lingering ambiguity over the content of culture in contemporary Ukraine. The state may no longer sponsor cultural construction, but theater remains a space of cultural contestation.
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Cioffi, Kathleen. "Communism with a Theatrical Face: STS and the Polish October of 1956." Theatre Survey 35, no. 2 (1994): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400002763.
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Communism was not always hated and feared by everyone in Eastern Europe. At a certain moment in recent post-war history, a group of influential intellectuals in Poland—now a place where even ex-communist politicians are careful to swear their allegiance to free markets—wanted to reform but still keep a Communist system. That moment was the Polish October, named for the month in 1956 when Wladyslaw Gomulka, a man who believed in a “Polish road to socialism,” took power as First Secretary of the Communist Party. Just as the Czechs in 1968 believed in “socialism with a human face,” the Poles in 1956 believed that Communism could be, in the jargon of their day, “revised” to better fit people's needs. The Polish October was the result of a complex network of events beginning with Stalin's death in 1953, coming to a climax with workers' strikes in June, 1956 in Poznan, and ending in Khrushchev's acquiescence to Gomulka's election in October, 1956. During this period, one of the important contributors to the intellectual ferment that led to the October, the theatre group Studencki Theatr Satyryków or STS, established a cultural niche for alternative theatre that mocked the Communist system and led to one of the most political, vital alternative theatre movements in the world.
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Häti-Korkeila, Marjatta, and Laura Gröndahl. "From Permanent Positions to Visiting Jobs." Nordic Theatre Studies 30, no. 1 (2018): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v30i1.106925.
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ABSTRACTThe transition to a freelance employment policy from permanent working contracts has had various repercussions on artistic practices in Finnish theatres. This article examines the changes that have taken place in the working culture of statutory funded institutional theatre since the early 1990s, focusing on the shifting roles and positions of directors, dramaturges, producers, and artistic managers. The research material consists of theatre statistics, interviews, and public discussions in the theatre field presented mainly in trade magazines and seminar minutes. Although the theatres still have a significant number of permanently employed artists, the percentage of short-term visits has steadily increased. This goes especially for directors and dramaturges, who mainly focus only on their own productions and do not participate in the long-term development of the theatres’ repertoires or artistic strategies as a whole. It is hard to create ongoing ensemble work and a spirit of a working community when a significant part of the artistic staff keeps constantly changing. In small and medium-sized theatres, the managers are now responsible for the artistic leadership without any collegial support of permanently engaged directors and dramaturges. They usually have to direct plays or undertake dramaturgical work without compensation, even if they do not have a proper education or experience in that field. In the changing economic conditions, the role of a producer has gained importance in planning and leading theatre activities and production work. This puts more emphasis on organizational, financial, and marketing issues than previously. Current priorities are now focussed on a high standard of artistic programming and the nurturing of public interest.
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Tyszka, Juliusz. "The School of Being Together: Festivals as National Therapy during the Polish ‘Period of Transition’." New Theatre Quarterly 13, no. 50 (1997): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00011039.
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For most western theatre people, accustomed to the festival as an institutionalized annual ritual, the notion of a theatre festival as a celebration of true, holiday festivity – as signifying freedom from institutionalized ritual – comes alive more often in the pages of Bakhtin than on the stages of Edinburgh or other ‘festive’ cities. Yet Juliusz Tyszka, surveying no fewer than a hundred and fifty festivals that have sprung up or renewed themselves in his native Poland during the post-Cold War ‘period of transition’, finds that, while their economic success has been surprising in a straitened economy, the social causes which have ensured this success have to do with changed notions of communality and sociality. The festivals signify, he suggests, a rediscovery that joining together in celebration need not be an imposition of church or state, but can be a means of renewal for the national psyche after a long period of suppression. The following article has the quality rather of a heartfelt polemic – and, through lavish illustration, a celebration of the multiplicity of performance styles – than the academic analysis to which NTQ more usually subjects the new theatres of eastern Europe. It is none the less significant as a theatre document for our times.
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Sheehan, Jennifer A., Peter Tyler, Hirani Jayasinha, Kathleen T. Meleady, and Neill Jones. "Capital planning for operating theatres based on projecting future theatre requirements." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10884.
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During 2006, NSW and ACT Health Departments jointly engaged KPMG to develop an Operating Theatre Requirements’ Projection Model and an accompanying planning guideline. A research scan was carried out to identify drivers of surgical demand, theatre capacity and theatre performance, as well as locating existing approaches to modelling operating theatre requirements for planning purposes. The project delivered a Microsoft Excel-based model for projecting future operating theatre requirements, together with an accompanying guideline for use of the model and interpretation of its outputs. It provides a valuable addition to the suite of tools available to Health staff for service and capital planning. The model operates with several limitations, largely due to being data dependent, and the state and completeness of available theatre activity data. However, the operational flexibility built into the model allows users to compensate for these limitations, on a case by case basis, when the user has access to suitable, local data. The design flexibility of the model means that updating the model as improved data become available is not difficult; resulting in revisions being able to be made quickly, and disseminated to users rapidly. What is known about the topic? In New South Wales there has been no documented, consistent, robust planning methodology to guide the estimated future requirements for operating and procedural suites, nor recommendations available to determine the number of operating theatres that provide optimal efficiency. What does this paper add? Opportunities to design and build new operating suites rarely arise. There is a great deal of uncertainty about future surgical models of care and recent history shows that technology and development of new procedures and approaches have greatly changed the nature of the theatres and rooms required for many interventions. This paper describes the process of developing a planning methodology to estimate the future operating suite capacity required to meet forecast future surgical demand across New South Wales for both metropolitan and rural Area Health Services. What are the implications for practitioners? Although now used only in the New South Wales public sector, the methodology can easily be applied to planning requirements for operating theatres in the private sector.
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Filipowicz, Halina. "Demythologizing Polish Theatre." TDR (1988-) 39, no. 1 (1995): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1146406.
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Howard, Tony. "‘A Piece of Our Life’: the Theatre of the Eighth Day." New Theatre Quarterly 2, no. 8 (1986): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0000230x.
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Poland's Teatr Osmego Dnia – the Theatre of the Eighth Day – has survived for 22 years, with essentially the same personnel since the early seventies, and with a constant commitment to social engagement. The group – which has never included trained actors, because, according to director Lech Raczak, any graduate of a Polish theatre school, ‘cannot act with his whole self’ – was a major voice of protest for the Polish student generation of 1968. Despite constant harassment and frequent arrests, it continues both to inspire and record the work of young oppositional theatres, although in 1985 it was forced to split when six members toured western Europe whilst four others, denied their passports, played in Polish churches. What follows is a collage of two interviews conducted that autumn – in London with Tadeusz Janiszewski, Adam Borowski, and Leszek Sczaniecki, and in Poznan with Lech Raczak and Marcin Keszycki. They discuss the importance of Grotowski for their generation: their working method, based on group improvisation; the function of poetry in physical theatre; their major productions; and the day-to-day survival strategies of a collective dedicated to exploring the expressive and political potential of the actor. The interviews were assembled by Tony Howard, a playwright who also teaches English in the University of Warwick, and who expresses his thanks to the many people who made this feature possible – especially Nick Gardiner, the ‘European’ group's manager, and the translators. Ewa Elandt and Ewa Kraskowska.
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Shevelova, Oleksandra. "Children's and youth repertory of the modern musical theater in Ukraine: research problems of the director's concept." Ukrainian musicology 46 (October 27, 2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/0130-5298.2020.46.234590.
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The aim of the study is to determine the degree of research of the repertoire policy of the Ukrainian musical theatres in the context of works for children and youth; to emphasize the role of the director in selecting the appropriate techniques and artistic expressions aimed at young auditory. The object: children's and youth repertoire of modern Ukrainian musical theatre and its directorial incarnations, the nature of interpretations and their compliance with the young viewers' perception. The methodology implies the use of a system and analytical method, which allows carrying out theoretical and methodological generalization of scientific concepts, works and proposals of leading scientists in order to find a new scientific understanding of children's and youth repertoire of modern Ukrainian musical theatre. Functional-structural analysis makes it possible to determine the functional component of musical theatre and repertoire focused on the young audience, in particular, to form the principles and values of the influence of theatrical art on the individual. With the help of traditional methods of art research: genre, stylistic, interpretive approaches to directorial modifications of the repertoire in accordance with the modern requirements. The relevance of the study: exploring the little-studied topic of children's musical theatre in Ukraine, drawing the experts’ attention to the gaps that arise in the process of vector determination in the groups’ repertoire policy. The appeal to these aspects is signified by the need of finding the new directorial approaches if solving modern problems of children's and youth repertoire of musical theatres in Ukraine at the time of global changes in artistic culture. Art education of the young generation of the information technology era is an important component of comprehensive personal development. Findings and conclusion: the study of the problem of solving children's and youth subjects in Ukrainian musical theatres at the time of modern socio-cultural challenges allows us to state the lack of a systematic differentiated approach to the theme choice, directing techniques, artistic expression which are appropriate for the children's, teenagers’ and youth perception. The review of domestic and foreign researches on the chosen problems testifies to the existence of some separate developments in psychological and pedagogical, culturological, musicological, theatrical sciences. Unfortunately, there is still no comprehensive intersectoral scientific research that integrates the various achievement in order to create an artistically holistic performance for children and youth. The format of directorial incarnations of musical and theatrical performances of the specified repertoire implies the differentiation of directorial approaches to its interpretations in accordance with the peculiarities of the musical drama of works which are focused on the relevant audience. The further research prospects lay in the opportunity to identify examples of relevant works for the re-pertoire of the musical theatre in Ukraine and to establish the relevant directorial concepts that can be embodied in musical and theatrical performances aimed at children and youth audiences.
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Davis, Jim, and Victor Emeljanow. "New Views of Cheap Theatres: Reconstructing the Nineteenth-Century Theatre Audience." Theatre Survey 39, no. 2 (1998): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400010140.
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Our views about nineteenth-century London theatre audiences are often dominated by essentialist descriptions via which subjective impressions have been transmuted into received orthodoxy. In this article, with reference to topography, demography (based on the 1841–1861 censuses), police reports, and patterns of urban transportation, we are attempting to counter some of these received orthodoxies, using as our model a re-evaluation of what is meant by a “transpontine” or “Surrey-side” audience with reference to the Coburg (Victoria) and Surrey Theatres.
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Burns, Hilary. "The Market Theatre of Johannesburg in the New South Africa." New Theatre Quarterly 18, no. 4 (2002): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x02000477.
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The Market Theatre of Johannesburg opened in 1976, the year of the Soweto Uprising – the beginning of the end for the oppressive apartheid regime. Founded by Barney Simon, Mannie Manim, and a group of white actors, the theatre's policy, in line with the advice to white liberals from the Black Consciousness Movement, was to raise the awareness of its mainly white audiences about the oppression of apartheid and their own social, political, and economic privileges. The theatre went on through the late 'seventies and 'eighties to attract international acclaim for productions developed in collaboration with black artists that reflected the struggle against the incumbent regime, including such classics as The Island, Sizwe Bansi is Dead, and Woza Albert! How has the Market fared with the emergence of the new South Africa in the 'nineties? Has it built on the past? Has it reflected the changes? What is happening at the theatre today? Actress, writer, and director Hilary Burns went to Johannesburg in November 2000 to find out. She worked in various departments of the theatre, attended productions, and interviewed theatre artists and members of the audience. This article will form part of her book, The Cultural Precinct, inspired by this experience to explore how the theatres born in the protest era have responded to the challenges of the new society.
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Ristić, Maja. "Culture of resistance: The theatre that changes the world." Kultura, no. 169 (2020): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2069234r.
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The main goal of this paper is to point out the power of the alternative and independent theatre in changing society, based on the scientific research of prof, dr Milena Dragićević-Šešić. The first part of the paper offers deliberations on the theories of reflection and shaping of Victoria de Alexander, according to which art and theatre always reflect social events. In the second part of the paper, we will analyse the work of independent theatre troupes (Dah teatar, Mim Art.) during the nineties, and their resistance to the regime of Slobodan Milošević - a significant contribution to the struggle for freedom of thought and the right of every human being to take to the streets freely. And the streets were indeed cordoned by police during the student and civil protests. This paper wants to point out the importance of the applied theatre for spreading of culture and the influence of the theatre on the audiences. The work was written based on the sociological theories of art of Victoria de Alexander, the theory of applied theatre by August Boal, and also the studies of dr Milena Dragićević Šešić: Art and Alternative, Culture of Resistance and Indian Theatre.
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Fik, Marta. "Shakespeare in Poland, 1918–1989." Theatre Research International 21, no. 2 (1996): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014735.
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‘Shakespeare in our theatres is nothing but a lie. As we know, his plays are staged to be mentioned in the paper list to blind people's eyes with great repertory’, wrote Stefan Jaracz in 1936, one of the most famous Polish actors in the inter-war period. This bitter statement made by the performer of, among other parts, Caliban and Shylock sounds exaggerated. After the First World War Shakespeare remained one of the most appreciated ‘classics’ in our theatre. There was no stage, including those of minor importance, which would not have Shakespeare in its repertory, on many he was the most frequently performed foreign author.
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Mrozek, Slawomir. "Theatre versus Reality." New Theatre Quarterly 8, no. 32 (1992): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00007077.
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In 1988 the Polish playwright Slawomir Mrozek was invited by the Nobel Foundation and the Royal Theatre in Stockholm to deliver a speech for the ‘Strindberg-O'Neill’ symposium on the issues suggested by this title. In defining his terms and their relationship, he combined Aristotelian precision and existential candour with a gentle irony entirely his own. The speech was first printed in the Polish theatre journal Dialog, to whose editors we are grateful for permission to print this translated version.
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Füllner, Niklas. "Making Your Own Story of It." Nordic Theatre Studies 31, no. 2 (2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v31i2.120120.
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The paper discusses Oliver Frljić’s production of Klątwa(Engl.: “The Curse”) which is based on the play with the same title by Stanisław Wyspiański. Klątwapremiered in Teatr Powszechny in Warsaw on 18 February 2017 and created the biggest theatre scandal in the early theatre history in Poland as both the right-wing government and the right-wing movement in Poland regarded it as blasphemous and – unsuccessfully – tried to prevent further performances. In KlątwaOliver Frljić questions the understanding of historiography promoted by the Polish government that prefers to focus only on stories about heroes and he criticises both the abuse of power in the church and in the institutionalized theatre. The strategies of Oliver Frljić’s political theatre are analyzed in the light of Jacques Rancière’s thoughts about critical theatre. In Klątwa Frljić develops a theatre of dissensus in the sense of Rancière. He undertakes a “dissensual re-configuration”[1]of political theatre by changing the frames, by playing around and by questioning the means used in theatre. But Frljić also deviates from this strategy when he creates images on stage that convey meanings directly and simply. Yet, these images fit into Frljić’s strategy of questioning the official Polish historiography by deconstructing the symbols it is based on. Oliver Frljić’s theatre of emancipation, a theatre that believes in the potential of the spectator to emancipate him- or herself as suggested by Rancière in The Emancipated Spectator (Rancière 2009), manages to make visible authoritarian and undemocratic developments in Polish politics and to offer a critical approach to history in contrast to the one-sided view the Polish government tries to establish.
 [1]Rancière 2010, p. 140.
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Zurowski, Andrzej. "Polish Theatre in the New Epoch." New Theatre Quarterly 7, no. 27 (1991): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00005789.
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