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1
Smetonienė, Anželika. "The Anonymous Catechism of 1605: Slavic Loanwords and Hybrids." Lietuvių kalba, no. 16 (December 30, 2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2021.6.
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The Anonymous Catechism of 1605 (hereinafter - AC) is one of the first catechisms in the Lithuanian language in GDL. However, it has been under-researched so far. In 1890 this catechism was published by J. Bystroń with comments. Z. Zinkevičius and A. Judžentis have conducted some research on the AC and S. Temčinas has also discussed it in his research works. However, in more recent works this catechism has not received sufficient focus and, even more, its loan lexicon has not been attentively investigated. Namely the loan lexicon, i.e., Slavic loanwords and hybrids that derive from them, is the focus of this article. Slavic loanwords and hybrids were selected from the AC and the dictionaries of Slavic languages were analysed searching for possible sources of loanwords. Following various criteria (availability of source, morphological, phonetic criteria), Slavic loanwords were grouped into Slavic borrowings of unclear origin, loanwords from the East Slavic languages (Old Russian or Ruthenian languages) and Polish loanwords.
Fifty six Slavic loanwords were identified in the AC: 52 % out of them are of unclear origin, i.e., their possible sources were identified in the East Slavic and Polish languages and etymological dictionaries provide for different sources of their origin. 38 % of Slavic loanwords were borrowed into the Lithuanian language from the East Slavic language – the Polish language does not possess possible equivalents of Slavic loanwords or the meaning of Polish word does not coincide with semantics of a loanword, phonetics of borrowing also indicates such origin. Polish loanwords comprise only 10 % of all the loanwords in the AC.
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Smetonienė, Anželika. "Verbal nouns abstracts with the suffix -imas / -ymas in the catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598): the formation and translation." Lietuvių kalba, no. 10 (December 15, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2016.22589.
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The catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598) is the first book in Lithuanian language by Reformers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the second book in Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the first hymnal in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, however, there are only few studies of it. In this article verbal nouns abstracts, derivatives with suffix -imas / -ymas from verbs, are analysed. The aim is to determinate whether such abstract making type in the sixteenth century was most numerous, as is it today, and is some rare type of making such derivative abstracts recorded in the catechism of M. Petkevičius. Also, it was fond what Polish words were translated to Lithuanian language as verbal nouns abstracts. In order to achieve the aim, from the catechism of M. Petkevičius were elected all such abstracts: 220 different abstracts with suffix -imas / -ymas, that was used a total of 780 times. In conclusion it can be said that already in the catechism of M. Petkevičius derivatives from verbs with the suffix -imas / -ymas significantly prevails, although there are recorded a different pattern of verbal abstract derivatives (eg. mėgumas). Moreover, at the end of a sixteenth century the formation of verbal abstracts with suffix -imas / -ymas was established and little different from the formation of such abstracts in the current Lithuanian language. Also, there is some correlation between most numerous verbal noun formation type (-imas / -ymas derivatives) in the Lithuanian language and most numerous verbal noun formation type (-anie, -enie, -cie derivatives) in the Polish language: all Polish nomina actionis with suffixes -anie, -enie, -cie were translated to the Lithuanian language as verbal abstracts with suffix -imas / -ymas.
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Tricoire, Damien. "To Fight, or Not to Fight: Piotr Skarga, the Catholic Ideal of Christian Soldier, and the Reformation of Polish Nobility (around 1600)." Journal of Jesuit Studies 4, no. 4 (August 8, 2017): 624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00404005.
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Piotr Skarga was the leading Jesuit in Poland–Lithuania around 1600. In 1606, he published a catechism for soldiers: Żołnierskie nabożeństwo (The soldier’s piety), a book which is commonly said to have been inspired by a catechism by another Jesuit, Antonio Possevino’s Il soldato christiano (1569). The aim of this article is to compare the two books and to address the following questions: to what extent and in what way was Possevino’s view of soldiers adaptable to Polish-Lithuanian realities? Can we identify a common discourse on soldiers and war in both texts, although they were not written at the same time nor in the same cultural and social context? Or did the strategy of accommodation lead to major differences between the texts, making it difficult to speak of a common Jesuit view on soldiers and war?
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Nastulczyk, Tomasz. "What did remain of the worn out editions? The collections of the local and foreign libraries as the base for research of the Polish popular books of the second half of the 19th century (a case study of selected religious and didactic publications)." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 13 (December 26, 2019): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2019.162.
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The paper offers an insight into the poor state of preservation of the Polish popular publications of the second half of the 19th century, based on systematic queries for the new edition of the Estreicher family Bibliografia Polska XIX stulecia (Polish Bibliography of the 19th century). The queries revealed that many of the editions in question are now completely lost, and quite often the only one or two survived copies can be found either abroad or in small local libraries/museums. The discussed examples include several popular books by the Roman Catholic bishop, Szymon Marcin Kozłowski; the commonly used primer for country children (Elementarz dla chłopców wiejskich for boys and Upominek dla dziewcząt wiejskich for girls); and the religious publications of Blessed Father Honorat OMFCap (Florentyn Wacław Koźmiński). Problems with the preservation of popular books from cultural borderlands are illustrated by the case of the Lutheran catechism published by Rev. Karol Kotschy for the local Silesian evangelical community in Ustroń. Finally, a few examples of the 19th-century Polish-American mass publications are discussed.
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Smetonienė, Anželika. "Loanwords in the catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598): slavisms of unknown origin." Lietuvių kalba, no. 11 (December 20, 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2017.22545.
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There are only few studies on lexis of catechism of M. Petkevičius (PK) (1598), even if this is the second book in Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the first hymnal in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. J. Kruopas concluded vocabulary of this catechism and noted it's loanwords, however, an origin of these words has not been explained. Also, there is no list of equivalents of these borrowed words in Slavic languages, because aim of J. Kruopa's work wasn't to determinate origin of loanwords. The object of this article is Slavic loanwords in the PK, the aim – to specify and to list Slavisms of unknown origin and their equivalents in the Slavic languages. To achieve the aim the following objectives were set: to collect all borrowed words and Slavic stem words from the selected text; to determinate criteria, that can indicate origin of Slavisms, and to classify Slavisms depending on their origin. In total separate 410 Slavic stem lexemes were found in the catechism of M. Petkevičius. After all these lexemes were generalized (e. g. only forms without prefixes are presented), 344 words left: 30 revealed itself to be hybrids, 149 – Slavisms of unknown origin. It only confirms once again that sometimes it is not possible to determine the path of Slavisms into Lithuanian language due to the similarity of the Slavic languages, and therefore it is possible only to give chronologically accurate equivalents of the loanwords of the PK in the Old Russian, Ruthenian and Polish languages.
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Pilipowicz, Denys. "Traktat ars moriendi w literaturze ukraińskiego baroku na przykładzie dzieła Катихисїс албо наука христїанская Innocentego Winnickiego." Slavica Wratislaviensia 168 (April 18, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.168.6.
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The ars moriendi treatise in Ukrainian baroque literature: The example of Innocenty Winnicki’s Catechism, or the Knowledge of Christianity The author of this article focuses on bishop Innoceny Winnicki’s Catechism, or the Knowledge of Christianity and its relationship to European ars moriendi texts. The art of dying gave sick and elderly people practical tips on how to prepare for death and how to achieve salvation. The author shows the reception of Latin Catholic literature patterns in the literature of the Ukrainian baroque period and the cultural characteristics of the Polish-Ukrainian cultural border, where the influence of the East and the West overlapped. Трактат арс морієнді в літературі українського бароко на прикладі Катихисїс албо наука христїанская Інокентія ВинницькогоПрезентована стаття присвячена характеристиці твору перемиського єпископа Інокентія Винницького на фоні жанрових зразків присутніх у західноєвропейській літературі. Суттю мистецтва вмирання було передати людям хворим та старшим, які наближаються до кінця свого життя практичні поради як готуватися на смерть та отримати спасіння. Проведений аналіз дав змогу показати рецепцію латинських, католицьких літературних зразків в українській літературі аналізованого періоду та показати культурну своєрідність польсько-українського пограниччя, де сплітаються впливи Сходу й Заходу.
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Konoplyanko, Konstantin. "Social-Ethic Views of Polish-Lithuanian Reformer Symon Budny in Historical Retrospective." Slavianovedenie, no. 4 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869544x0021051-9.
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The article analyses the views of Symon Budny about the interaction between Christians and the society, revealed in his two works – «Catechism of Niasvizh» (printed in 1562) and tractate «About the magistrate, using a sword» (1583). The characteristic of Budny as a Polish-Lithuanian reformer reflects his regional not ethnic origin, because all his activity is connected with The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The author of the article shows that Budny’s view on collaboration between Christians and the society, which appeared for the first time in Cathechism written by Budny-calvinist, did not change after Budny had become a strict antitrinitarian. Therefore, during the whole time of activity, Budny defended the thesis that Christians have the right to be soldiers, magistrates, to have servants, manors, and to participate in defensive war, based on Old Testament’s Law (Dekalog).
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Kamieniecki, Jan. "Szymon Budny’s linguistic awareness in the light of his writings and translations." Język a Kultura 28 (May 5, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.28.6.
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The article discusses the relationship between language awareness and national awareness of Szymon Budny. The analysis of Budny’s language awareness leads to conclusions which, according to some researchers, can be treated as arguments in studies on his nationality option. The problem of national awareness is discussed in relation to Budny’s only surviving work in Old Ruthenian, i.e. Katechizm nieświeski (Niasvizh Catechism). This work praises the Old Ruthenian language, yet this does not ultimately prejudge Budny’s attitude to nationality issues. The issue of Budny’s linguistic awareness can be looked at against a broader background in relation to Old Ruthenian, Polish and biblical languages. This article discusses this issue by referring to various definitions of linguistic awareness. The analysis allows us to conclude that in the case of Szymon Budny, we can talk about a developed linguistic awareness, both in normative and cultural, and anthropological terms.
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Zając, Marian. "A quarter-century-old publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church in the context of Polish catechesis." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 15, no. 2 (2016): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2016.15.2.03.
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Kryszyń, Teresa. "Język polski na Białorusi." Acta Baltico-Slavica 36 (July 26, 2015): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2012.013.
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Polish language in the Republic of Belarus The situation of the Polish minority in Belarus was always difficult because the politics of Belarusian authorities was focused on destruction of anything connected with Polish culture or possessing Polish roots: intelligentsia, school, theatres, press. The reestablishing of Polish education in late 80-ties of the last century started from scratch therefore and the biggest amount of learners studied Polish in late 90-ties of the XX century. Recently the amount of students has decreased which is explained by the current demographical and political situation. The most significant influence on forming national consciousness is possesses by family. Unfortunately nowadays it is being observed that most of Polish families has not performed that function anymore and using of Polish language by members of Polish families is decreasing. The leading role of Polish language in a Catholic liturgy is changing as well: the word “Catholic” does not mean “Pole”. According to surveys 66% of Catholics would prefer Polish as the language of liturgy, 20% – Belarusian, 10% – Russian and Polish, 4% – another language. This situation creates the possibility of disappearing of Polish language from liturgy and catechism. Consequently the role of Polish schools and organizations in education of children and teenagers has increased. Language acquisition begins in kindergartens during extra lessons or within Polish groups. The forms of language acquisition at school vary a lot. Most of the students learn Polish languages after-hours, some of them attends required Polish classes at school. Moreover there are two Polish schools of Grodno region. There is an opportunity of studying Polish language in high educational establishments in Belarus, e.g. in Grodno State University Polish language department has existed since 1989 and it prepares its students to teaching Polish language. Farther development of Polish education in Belarus depends on both factors the Poles attitude and current political situation in the country. Польский язык в Республике БеларусьПоложение польского национального меньшинства в РБ всегда была трудной, так как политика властей была направлена на уничтожение всего, что имело польские корни и было связано с польской культурой: интеллигенции, школ, театров, газет. В связи с этим возрождение образования на польском языке в конце 80-тых годов прошлого столетия начиналось с нулевого уровня и наибольшее количество учащихся изучало польский язык в конце 90-тых годов XX века. В последние годы наблюдается уменьшение количества учащихся, что объясняется демографической и современной политической ситуацией. На формирование национального самосознания наиболее значительное влияние оказывает cемья. К сожалению, большинство современных польских семей не выполняет эту функцию, использование польского языка как языка внутрисемейных отношений уменьшается. Польский язык в костеле также выходит из употребления, понятие “католик” сегодня уже не означает “поляк”. Как видно из исследований, 66% католиков хотели бы, чтобы литургия в костелах была на польском языке, 20% – на белорусском, 10% – на польском и русском, 4% – ином языке. Такая ситуация создает опасность исчезновения польского языка из литургии и катехизиса. В связи с вышесказанным усиливается роль польских школ и польских общественных объединений в воспитании и обучении детей и молодежи. Oбучение и воспитание детей польскому языку начинается уже в детском саду в кружках либо в специальных группах с обучением и воспитанием на польском языке. В школах обучение польскому языку ведется в разных формах. Наибольшее количество желающих учится во внеурочное время, определенная часть – в классах с обязательным изучением польского языка. Помимо этого в Гродненской области существуют две школы с обучением на польском языке. В высших учебных заведениях Беларуси также изучается польский язык, а в Гродненском госуниверситете с 1989 г. cуществует кафедра полонистики, занимающаяся подготовкой учителей польского языка. Дальнейшее развитие польскоязычного образования в РБ зависит как от позиции поляков, так и от современной политической ситуации в нашей стране.
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Wichrowska, Elżbieta. "Stanisław August i jego rycerska szkoła." Poradnik Językowy, no. 1/2022(790) (September 10, 2021): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.1.14.
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The School of Chivalry is one of the most signifi cant modernisation projects carried out in the mid-1760s by Stanisław August and his collaborators shortly after he ascended to the Polish throne. It was an educational project implemented a few years before the establishment of the Commission of National Education, the fi rst educational authority in Poland and in Europe, the function of which corresponded to the present ministry of public, secular education. For the initiative of a modern school to be successful, it needed a well-qualifi ed personnel, including the management staff (a high number of them were foreigners), an appropriately structured educational programme (initially based on Western models), and textbooks. What played a forming role in the case of the Corps of Cadets was an complex ritual supported by the following texts: catechism books, dialogues, forms, which should be treated as mnemotechnical tools, but also as ones building the identity of a graduate from the School, which was intended to be a breeding ground for the military and administrative elite of the state. Its description cannot ignore the moral layer that escaped the educational programmes and the cadets’ everyday life, which was not devoid of duels and embarrassing diseases.
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Kaulfürst, Fabian. "Witold Taszycki und die Sorabistik." LingVaria 31, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.16.2021.31.19.
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Witold Taszycki and Sorbian Studies
Witold Taszycki was one of the best-known Polish experts in Sorbian studies of his time. He became enthusiastic about Sorbs at a young age. In 1916 he joined the Maćica Serbska. Twice, in 1922 and 1923, he visited Lusatia. His most important linguistic work, explicitly devoted to Sorbian and directly related to his habilitation process, deals with the position of the Sorbian language within the West Slavic linguistic area. After analysing selected historical phonetic features, he divides this main group of Slavic into two original subgroups: Lechitic-Sorbian and Czech-Slovakian. His other major philological-linguistic works on Sorbian language remain unfinished, including the edition of the Wolfenbüttel Lower Sorbian Psalter and the hymnal and the catechism of Albinus Mollerus. Taszycki wrote several reviews of works written by other experts in Sorbian studies. Some of these reviews are quite critical. Taszycki was also interested in Sorbian culture and literature. In particular, he dealt with the reception of Sienkiewicz’s works among the Sorbs and published an annotated edition of letters by Jan Arnošt Smoler and Michał Hórnik to Kraszewski. In addition, as a university lecturer, he gave several lectures on Sorbian and the Sorbs. His knowledge of Sorbian has also been incorporated into his general onomastic works.
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Jakoniuk, Leszek Marius. "The French and Polish Versions of the Catechism of the Catholic Church: An Examination of Certain Passages of the Catechism’s teaching on the “Mysterium Ecclesiae” from a Philological and Translational Perspective." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 16, no. 3 (2017): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2017.16.3.21.
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Jakoniuk, Leszek Marius. "Numbers 748 and 749 of The French and Polish Version of Catechism of the Catholic Church from the Translational Perspective; an Example of the Theological Effects of Translation." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 17, no. 2 (2018): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2018.17.2.05.
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Kalvāne, Skaidrīte. "SOME NOTES ON LATGALIAN BOOKS IN THE MASSIVE UNION CATALOGUE „ANCIENT PRINTS IN LATVIAN 1525–1855” (1999)." Via Latgalica, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2012.4.1686.
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<p>Chronology of books published in Latgalian can be traced in bibliographical indexes of G. Manteuffel, V. Seile, J. Misiņš and fragmentarily in that of K. Estreicher. Latgalian publications have most broadly been reflected in the massive union catalogue of the National Library of Latvian „Ancient Prints in Latvian 1525–1855” (1999) – from the first known book of songs and prayers (1730) to „Gromotu dzismiu łacinsku” (1855). The massive union catalogue contains entries on 94 prints in Latgalian – existence of 8 of them is questioned or denied – 59 have been preserved to this day, 27 still remain unknown. Compilers of the catalogue have done a great job which deserves praise.</p><p>Descriptions of prints use studies by literary historians which have not always been scientifically correct. Aim of the article – to attach importance to the need for and the chance to identify original sources of Latgalian prints and authors (localizers, translators) of spiritual literature.</p><p>The article outlines the issue of authors of certain books, identifies the source of one book, points at certain little known fragmentary texts and handwritten books as well as the chance to search for and find new Latgalian publications today. It all clarifies the picture of Latgalian literature of the early period.</p><p>In Poland several publications of small catechism in two languages – Polish-French – were known, by indication also of the author of the writing. It is possible to compare the Latgalian publication „Eysa sałasieyszona” with „Mały katechizm historyczny” published in 1819 in Wroclaw, just the text of Latgalian catechism is monolingual, resp. Latgalian.</p><p>In Latgalian books usually their translators or authors are not specified. No matter how unusual it sounds, still it has not been demonstrated that Latgalian spiritual literature was only a translated literature, that there are no original writings.</p><p>This time the notes on Latgalian books could end with an optimistic statement that still it is possible to find non-studied manuscripts prepared for publication. Striking evidence for that is text (sermons) book recently found in Alsunga, in the Alsunga church tower detected by the priest Andris Vasiļevskis.</p><p>While in the Academic Library of the University of Latvia„Licieyba brolisties wyssu swatoku sirzu Jezu un Maryas. Pi Feymanu Baźnieycas” is still kept, not mentioned in the main catalogue and signed by the priest Jezups Macilevičs in 1853.</p><p>„Gromota łyugszonu” published in 1820 is found in a book storage of Liepaja St. Joseph’s Catholic cathedral, which unlike the copy as described in the main catalogue (S: 1037), has remained much more complete, i. e. it has a cover page, the book has 385 pages in addition to the table of contents.</p>
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Smetonienė, Anželika. "Slavic-root verbs in CP: loanwords and problematic cases." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22479.
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Although being a comparatively small-volume source, the Catechism of Merkelis Petkevičius (CP) discloses the complexity of analysing Lithuanian loan verbs and Slavic-root hybrids. Conducting research on loanwords from the Slavic languages, the main focus is usually laid on nominal words. The key rule applied while analysing the verbs of Slavic origin is based on the compliance between the distinguished suffixes in the analysed words and the suffixes characteristic of the Slavic languages. However, Slavic-root loanwords are also found, the suffixes of which do not have any equivalents in the Slavic languages. Traditionally such verbs are assigned to hybrids but they may be of two types. The Slavic-root verbs were selected from CP, which contributed to revealing the problems encountered while analysing them. The majority of Slavic-root verbs in the CP are attributed to regular loanwords, which are also reflected in the adjacent text in Polish. Several words fall under the category of problematic Slavic-root verbs. The suggested division of hybrids into derivational and adaptational ones is determined by several principles. The hybrid, when a Slavic-root verb does not have precise suffix equivalents and due to the objective reasons cannot be seen as a loanword (there is no word in the Lithuanian language, which can serve as a derivational base word), is regarded to be an adaptational one, i.e., its morphological component that formally complies with the suffix, underwent changes in the process of integration but modifications in the meaning are rarely identified in such cases (liecavoti, -avoja, -vojo CP 217,23). Derivational hybrids are the verbs, which have a word of common root in the recipient language and the derivational link can be envisaged between them (prarakauti, -auja, -avo CP 160,17, pasnykauti, -auja, -avo CP 88,25). Such hybrids are more frequently based on the meanings of base word and this may lead to some differences in the meanings of respective root verbs in the Slavic languages.
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Kalvāne, Skaidrīte. "SEARCHING FOR THE SOURCES OF 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY LATGALIAN RELIGIOUS SONGS." Via Latgalica, no. 7 (March 22, 2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2015.7.1218.
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<p><em>Latgalian </em><em>„</em><em>svātuos dzīsmis”</em><em> (‘sacred songs’) were not only sung in the church in the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> centuries. These songs became integral and necessary components of both home and spiritual life.</em></p><p><em>Some publications of spiritual song and prayer books written by the Latvians of Latgale have been preserved until today: </em><em>„</em><em>Nabożeństwo” (1771, 1786, etc.) and </em><em>„</em><em>Dzismies Swatas” (1801, etc.). Of these are both first editions and reissues. These compilations represent the basic core of 19<sup>th</sup> century spiritual songs in conjunction with the book </em><em>„</em><em>Piļneigajā gruomotā lyugšonu” (“The Complete Book of Prayers”) published in the latter half of the century. Psalms which were written well before the birth of Christ are among the oldest religious songs. Psalms of penance and prayers for the dead were first published in Latgalian in the 1786 edition of </em><em>„</em><em>Nabożeństwo”.</em></p><p><em>The diversity of genres of songs is surprising: songs using scriptural texts, hymns of the Fathers of the Church, sequences and antiphonies. The progress of the liturgical year was supported by additional processionary hymns, hour songs (godzinkas), descriptions of the lives of saints set to music, catechism songs and prayers which are written as prose but given a melody in order to be sung. Directly arrhythmic language and certain metrical text used for worship in prayers made it unclear exactly how many texts were in fact songs.</em></p><em>It is not possible to determine the authors of all songs. Text recognition is also hampered by the lack of a printed Polish source – the work that the Jesuits translated to create the hymnals has not been found. Thus, for comparison of these texts it is necessary to find them in various books or consult the wider body of 19<sup>th</sup> century songs, wherein the content of songs is usually altered. The “sacred songs” examined and analyzed in this article were selected at random. The majority of songs so far sourced are from „Nabożeństwo”, but identification work continues at present.</em>
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Dixon, Paul. "Police Lies and the Catechism on Lying." Irish Theological Quarterly 78, no. 2 (April 19, 2013): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021140012472633.
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Korzo, Margarita A. "On the Selfname and Identity of the 16th–17th century Polish Reformed Churches." Study of Religion, no. 2 (2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.2.17-22.
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The article questions the legitimacy of use of the terms “Calvinist” and “Calvinism” as applied to the polish adherents of the emerging Evangelical-Reformed Church in the second half of the16th – at the beginnings of the 17th centuries and their doctrinal writings. The author analyzes various versions of the self-names of these Protestant follows, and the names given to them both by adherents of other branches of Protestantism and by Catholics. The author comes to the conclusion, that the theological legacy of John Calvin exerted its influence only to an insignificant degree on catechisms of the polish Reformed of that epoch, and with much more reason can be said about the existence of many other sources of theological inspirations (from Lutherans, Bohemian Brethren, follows of Johannes Oecolampadius, others), which had a significant impact on the confessional identity formation of the Polish Reformed churches.
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Szkutnik, Piotr. "Ksiądz Józef Piekieliński (Piekielny) (1897–1942), ofiara obozu koncentracyjnego w Dachau." Biuletyn Szadkowski 12 (December 30, 2012): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.12.03.
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Father Józef Piekieliński was born in 1897 in Szadek, where his family lived. After finishing the Theological Seminary in Włocławek he worked as catechist and curate in a number of parishes in Kujawsko-Kaliska diocese, and then in Częstochowa diocese. In the period 1932–1941 he was the parish priest in Jaworzno near Wieluń. During massive arrests of Polish clergy by Germans in 1941he was imprisoned in the concentration camp in Dachau, where he died in 1942.
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Bączek, Katarzyna. "Accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds in Polish and Mongolian great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.) populations." Herba Polonica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0015.
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Summary Eight Polish and six Mongolian great burnet populations were evaluated ex situ in respect of the mass of underground organs and accumulation of biologically active compounds. In the raw materials collected in autumn of the second year of plant vegetation, total content of tannins and phenolic acids as well as the content of phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were determined. Distinct differences between Polish and Mongolian populations and their high intraspecific variability, concerning analysed parameters, was observed. The mass of underground organs of Polish populations was higher than in Mongolian ones (595.0 and 523.5 g × plant-1, respectively, for fresh mass). Polish populations were characterised by significantly higher total content of tannins and phenolic acids (6.02 and 1.60%, respectively) in comparison with Mongolian ones (2.89 and 0.97%, respectively). In the investigated raw materials eight phenolic compounds were identified, namely: /-/-epigallocatechin, /+/-catechin, /-/-epicatechin, /-/-epicatechin gallate, /-/-epigallocatechin gallate, astragalin, ellagic and gallic acids. In all populations, the dominating compound, was /-/-epigallocatechin. The contents of /-/-epigallocatechin, /-/-epicatechin gallate and gallic acid were distinctly higher in Polish populations.
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Kiliańczyk-Zięba, Justyna. "Dworstwo obyczajów Sebastiana Fabiana Klonowica. Przekład Civilitas morum Erazma z Rotterdamu w spuściźnie poety oraz wydawnicze losy książeczki w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej." Kultura polskiego humanizmu końca XVI wieku 23, no. 2 (59) (2021): 157–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.21.007.13441.
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Sebastian Fabian Klonowic’s Translation of Civilitas morum by Erasmus of Rotterdam: Its Place in the Poet’s Legacy and Its Publishing History in Poland-Lithuania The article focuses on the Polish rendition of De civilitate morum puerilium – that is, a translation from Reinhard Lorich’s (Hadamarius’) catechismal version of Erasmus’ of Rotterdam treatise. The main goals of the text are: first, to understand the presence of the text (the Polish title: Dworstwo obyczajów) among works of such a talented author as Sebastian Fabian Klonowic; second, to reconstruct the publishing history of the Polish De civilitate; third to argue that forgotten bestsellers, such as Dworstwo, can help to better understand both early modern literature and book market in the first centuries of printing. The article summarises current knowledge about Sebastian Fabian Klonowic (ca. 1545–1602), a prolific poet, but also an author of textbooks and handbooks used to teach Latin and morals, as De civilitate was used as well. It analyses Klonowic’s translation practices and discusses his enthusiasm for Erasmus’ output. It also suggests that the Polish text was written with school usage in mind, probably for students of the newly opened academy established by Polish Brethrens in Raków. Next, the text moves on to describe the publishing history of De civilitate – Erasmus’ manual, its adaptations and translations. The author concentrates on the Polish translation, but the scarce evidence available for this title and its editions in the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania is interpreted in the wider context of the Latin and vernacular editions of De civilitate printed in other European lands. The survey combines information offered by the unique copies preserved in the library collections and the evidence found in archival sources to reconstruct the reasons for the success of the handbook, and to explain why the majority of copies multiplying the text once enormously popular with printers and readers alike were bound to perish. Edition of Dworstwo obyczajów presents the Polish text of Klonowic. It is based on a printed unique copy of about 1603 (held at Ossolineum Library in Wrocław).
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Russo, Giovanni. "La bioetica nel nuovo Catechismo della Chiesa Cattolica." Medicina e Morale 43, no. 1 (February 28, 1994): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1994.1028.
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L'articolo intende riflettere sulla bioetica nel nuovo Catechismo della Chiesa Cattolica (CCC) da tre angolazioni: 1. la bioetica come problematica della fede; 2. la trattazione che il catechismo fa degli argomenti di interesse bioetico; 3. la rilevanza "catechetica'' della bioetica. L'Autore ritiene che nel CCC si possa parlare di educazione alla bioetica che - pur non comparendo esplicitamente nel testo per scelte legate all'organizzazione della materia - costituisce il Leitmotiv antropologico e teologico dell'esposizione nel Catechismo delle singole problematiche.
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Nelson, Andrew L. "Issues of Medical Ethics in the Catechism of the Catholic Church." Linacre Quarterly 63, no. 2 (May 1996): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20508549.1999.11878348.
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Christ's preferential love for the sick has not ceased through the centuries to draw the very special attention of Christians toward those who suffer in body and soul It is the source of [their] tireless efforts to comfort them. (#1503)
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Ostrówka, Małgorzata, and Ewa Golachowska. "Polszczyzna na Mohylewszczyźnie – przeszłość i stan obecny (raport z badań terenowych)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 36 (July 26, 2015): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2012.010.
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Polish language in the Mohylew region – the past and present (the report on field research)The research in the Mohylew region is a continuation of research concerning the language of Catholics in former North-Eastern Borderland. The work contains an outline of the history of the Mohylew region including the history of the Catholic Church, education and functioning of Polish in this land. Besides Mohylew the following places were visited: Czausy, Faszczówka and Bezczynne where parishes are being revived. Evangelisation is in Belorussian and only in Mohylew one Holy Mass is in Polish every day. Conclusions: The Polish language in the Mohylew region has been functioning since 16th century what is confirmed in Mohylew town chronicles grave inscriptions in local Polish Cemetary. It has also been, excluding Jesuit parishes (Jesuits evangelised in the language of a given nationality, wrote catechisms and grammars) the language of prayers and lithurgy. The result of the progress of russification was that the range of its use narrowed down. The next stage (20’s and 30’s of 20th century) of the fight with the Church and religion led to interrupting passing the Polish language even in those families where it survived throughout former stages. In this way the Polish tradition was interrupted. At present it is very difficult to meet people using the old local Polish language. The Polish with regional features can be heard with those people who came to Mohylew after the World War II. There is also another quality: the language learned at school or courses. The Polish language is generally idiolectally diverse, its shape depends on the degree of fluency in Polish. On the basis of reviving catholicism and the Polish language with numerous young people who discovered their roots there is a process of reconstructing the Polish identity. Польский язык на Могилёвщине – прошлое и современность (отчёт по полевым исследованиям)Полевые исследования на Могилёвщине являются продолжением проводимых авторами исследований языка католиков на бывших северо-восточных рубежах Польши. В статье представлен краткий очерк истории Могилёвщины, католической церквы, просвещения на польском языке и функционирования польского языка на исследуемой территории. Кроме Могилёва авторы статьи посетили Чаусы, Фащевку и Бесчине. В этих местностях возрождаются католические приходы. Евангелизация и богослужения ведутся на белорусском языке. Только в Могилёве ежедневно одна месса происходит на польском языке. Выводы: Польским языком на Могилёвщине пользовались с XVI века, что подтверждают городские хроники и надписи на местном Польском кладбище. Кроме того он был (за исключением приходов, которые вели иезуиты, которые вели римскокатолическое вероучение на национальных языках) языком молитвы и литургии. По мере усиливания руссификации во время разделов Польши, использование польского языка уменьшалось. Очередной период (20-е и 30-е годы ХХ века) борьбы с католической церковью и религией стали причиной прекращения передачи польского языка даже в тех семьях, в которых он сохранился в предыдущий период. Одновременно прекратилась польская традиция. В настоящее время трудно найти людей, говорящих на давнем местном польском языке. Польский язык, насыщенный региональными диалектными чертами, встречается ещё у лиц, которые прибыли на Могилёвщину после второй мировой войны. Мы обнаружили ещё одну разновидность польского языка – это язык выученный в школе и на языковых курсах. В общем польский язык на Могилёвщине сильно дифференцирован в зависимости от индивида, а его качество от степени присвоения данного кода. Опираясь на возрождающийся католицизм и польский язык у многих молодых людей, которые обнаружили свои польские корни, наступает процесс реконструкции польского самосознания.
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Kapiszewska, Maria, Malgorzata Miskiewicz, Peter T. Ellison, Inger Thune, and Grazyna Jasienska. "High tea consumption diminishes salivary 17β-estradiol concentration in Polish women." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 5 (May 2006): 989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061755.
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We hypothesized that among reproductive-age women consuming large quantities of tea, the production of estradiol would be suppressed. It has been shown that catechins and theaflavines, the major constituents of tea, inhibit aromatase, an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Our study included Polish women living in urban (n 61) and rural (n 48) areas. Women collected daily saliva samples for one complete menstrual cycle and filled out dietary questionnaires. Saliva samples were analysed by RIA for concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2). Women with high (above the median) average daily consumption of black tea had reduced levels of salivary E2 in comparison with women who drank less black tea (below the median). This effect was observed within the whole study group, as well as separately within urban (P=0·0006) and rural (P=0·013) groups. High intake of the sum of subclasses of tea catechins and epigallocatechin gallate, assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture database (http://www.nal.usda.gov), was also associated with lower concentrations of E2 within all women (P=0·01 and P=0·0001, respectively) and within the urban group (P=0·0001 and P0·004, respectively). Similar relationships were observed between the sum of subclasses of theaflavines and thearubigines and E2 levels for the whole group (P=0·002) and for urban women (P=0·02). Women with high consumption of tea had lower levels of E2 concentration throughout the entire menstrual cycle. These results may have implications for reducing hormone-related cancer risk by a relatively easy dietary intervention.
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Miettinen, Olli S., David F. Yankelevitz, and Claudia I. Henschke. "Evaluation of screening for a cancer: annotated catechism of the Gold Standard creed." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, no. 2 (May 2003): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2003.00412.x.
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Kowalski, Waldemar. "“Verily, This Is the Sheepfold of that Good Shepherd”: The Idea of the “True” Church in Sixteenth-Century Polish Catechisms." Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce 60 (March 25, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oirwp.2016.si.01.
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Leszczyńska, Teresa, Barbara Piekło, Aneta Kopeć, and Benno F. Zimmermann. "Comparative Assessment of the Basic Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Dried Leaves, Grown in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil—Preliminary Results." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083634.
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This study compares the content of basic nutrients (proteins, fats, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ash), steviol glycosides, selected antioxidants (vitamin C, total polyphenols) and antioxidant activity in dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivated in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil and available in the direct sale. The basic chemical composition was determined by standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods. Content of steviol glycosides was determined by the UHPLC-UV chromatographic method. Total polyphenols content was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and catechins equivalent (CE). Antioxidant activity was measured as ABTS●+ free radical scavenging activity. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana grown in Poland had significantly higher contents of dietary fiber, and lower protein and ash content, compared to those derived from Paraguay and Brazil. The former had, however, considerably higher contents of total steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside D, compared to the remaining two plants. In the Paraguay-derived dried leaves, the content of rebaudioside A, C, E and rubusoside was found to be significantly lower. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana Bertoni, cultivated in Poland, contained substantially more vitamin C and a similar content of total polyphenols, compared to those from Brazil and Paraguay. The examined material from Brazil and Paraguay plantations showed similar antioxidant activity, while that obtained from Polish cultivation was characterized by a significantly lower value of this parameter.
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Moy, Alan. "Creating Catholic Regenerative Medicine Organizations in a Secular Biotechnology Field: A Physician-Scientist Experience." Linacre Quarterly 87, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363919890941.
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One aspect of the progressive secularization of biotechnology is the use of the by-products from abortion and the use of human embryos. These morally illicit cells and tissue create a significant moral and economic challenge for Catholics at different stages of their career. A practicing Catholic physician or scientific professional will face the dilemma of how to reconcile their Catholic identity with their profession. While the Catechism is clear on what actions Catholics should not pursue, there has been less religious guidance on what activities Catholics should proactively pursue in their professional life to advance the Catholic culture. This essay will examine these themes through the lens of a true story of the author’s experience in starting Catholic for-profit and nonprofit biotechnology organizations. Summary: Abortion and the destruction of human embryos create a moral dilemma for Catholics at different stages of a physician or scientist's career. A practicing Catholic physician or scientist must reconcile their Catholic identity with their profession. While there is little professional guidance on how to advance the culture, Jesus says that one must take up the cross and direct their God-given gifts towards His name. The only way to succeed and thrive in a secular healthcare environment is to emulate Jesus by putting aside their own self-interest; pray for courage against ridicule; accept risk; and pursue scientific and medical excellence.
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Morsali, Mina, Jalal Poorolajal, Fatemeh Shahbazi, Aliasghar Vahidinia, and Amin Doosti-Irani. "Diet Therapeutics Interventions for Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Journal of Research in Health Sciences 21, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): e00521-e00521. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2021.63.
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Background: Up to now, different diet therapeutics interventions have been introduced for the treatment of obesity. The present study aimed to compare the diet therapeutics interventions for obesity simultaneously. Study design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis Methods: The major international databases, including Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched using a predesigned search strategy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had compared the diet therapy interventions were included. The mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used to summarize the effect size in the network meta-analysis. The frequentist approach was used for data analysis. Results: In total, 36 RCTs out of 9335 retrieved references met the inclusion criteria in this review. The included RCTs formed nine independent networks. Based on the results, Hypocaloricdiet+Monoselect Camellia (MonCam, P=0.99), energy restriction, behavior modification+exercise (LED) (P=0.99), sweetener at 20% of total calories (HFCS20)+Ex (P=0.67), catechin-richgreentea(650)+inulin (P=0.68), very low calorie diet (VLCD) (P=1.00), normal protein diet+resistance exercise (NPD+RT) (P=0.80), low-calorie diets+exercise (Hyc+Ex) (P=0.85), high-soy-protein low-fat diet (SD) (P=0.75), calorie restriction+behavioral weight loss (Hyc+BWL) (P=0.99) were the better treatments for weight loss in the networks one to nine, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of network meta-analysis, it seems that Hypocaloricdiet+MonCam, LED, HFCS20+Ex, catechin-rich green tea +inulin, VLCD, NPD+RT, Hyc+Ex, SD, Hyc+BWL, are the better treatments for weight loss in patients with overweight and obesity.
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Samanez, Cecilia Tovar. "Being a Church in a Time of Violence: Peruvian Church during the Armed Internal Conflict 1980 to 2000." Religions 11, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11110564.
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During the war with Shining Path (1980–2000) violence in Peru was brutal and extensive. Massive violations of human rights were common, with victims from all regions and social classes, but were particularly intense in rural areas like Ayacucho where the insurgency began. The churches supported and defended rights by providing organizational space, legal defense, publicity (through their radio networks) and by remaining among populations in danger, working with them and often sharing their fate. Important elements in the churches including leaders, priests, members of religious orders, sisters catechists, and ordinary people working through church organizations, were prominent among the victims. They were attacked both by Shining Path (who saw them as competitors) and by army and police forces, who saw their commitment to social justice and collective action as subversive. The choice to defend human rights in theory and action is rooted in a long term process of transformation in the church which drew strength and inspiration from the “option for the poor” articulated at the Catholic bishops meetings in Medellin (1968) and Puebla (1979), and in numerous statements and organizational efforts since then. The process of violence in Peru and the role of the churches is documented in the reports of the Peruvian Commission for Truth and Reconciliation and others from the Peruvian church as well from as regional and local groups.
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Mouser, Bruce. "Origins of Church Missionary Society Accommodation to Imperial Policy: The Sierra Leone Quagmire and the Closing of the Susu Mission, 1804-17." Journal of Religion in Africa 39, no. 4 (2009): 375–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002242009x12537559494278.
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AbstractA series of events in 1807 changed the mission of the early Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone from one that was designed initially and solely to spread the Christian message in the interior of West Africa to one that included service to the Colony of Sierra Leone. Before 1807, the Society had identified the Susu language as the appointed language to be used in its conversion effort, and it intended to establish an exclusively Susu Mission—in Susu Country and independent of government attachment—that would prepare a vanguard of African catechists and missionaries to carry that message in the Susu language. In 1807, however, the Society's London-based board and the missionaries then present at Sierra Leone made a strategic shift of emphasis to accept government protection and support in return for a bargain of government service, while at the same time continuing with earlier and independent goals of carrying the message of Christianity to native Africans. That choice prepared the Society and its missionaries within a decade to significantly increase the Society's role in Britain's attempt to bring civilization, commerce and Christianity to the continent, and to do it within the confines of imperial policy.
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YAMADA, H., M. TATEISHI, K. HARADA, T. OHASHI, T. SHIMIZU, T. ATSUMI, Y. KOMAGATA, H. IIJIMA, K. KOMIYAMA, and H. WATANABE. "A Randomized Clinical Study of Tea Catechin Inhalation Effects on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Disabled Elderly Patients." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 7, no. 2 (February 2006): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2005.06.002.
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Phatthanawiwat, Kharittha, Chanita Boonkanon, Worawit Wongniramaikul, and Aree Choodum. "Catechin and curcumin nanoparticle-immobilized starch cryogels as green colorimetric sensors for on-site detection of iron." Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 29 (October 2022): 100782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100782.
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Geiser, Ryan J., Shelby E. Chastain, and Melissa A. Moss. "[P1-093]: REGULATION OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE-ASSOCIATED MRNA EXPRESSION BY GREEN TEA CATECHINS AND BLACK TEA THEAFLAVINS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7S_Part_5 (July 2017): P274—P275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.160.
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Mrázová, Martina, Eliška Rampáčková, Petr Šnurkovič, Ivo Ondrášek, Tomáš Nečas, and Sezai Ercisli. "Determination of Selected Beneficial Substances in Peach Fruits." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 14028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132414028.
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Peaches (Prunus persica L.) are a popular and sought-after dessert fruit. This is mainly due to their flavour, aroma, attractive appearance, and high content of substances that play an important role in human nutrition. The present study was carried out to determine some important analytical properties (sugars/sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol), total acid, total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids and anthocyanins of 34 selected peach varieties. The analyses are also complemented by colorimetric measurements of peach skin colour using CIELAB and other chromatic parameters. The results show, for example, that all peach varieties are good sources of phenolic compounds (9.43–577 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE).100 g−1), flavonoids (1.12–95.1 mg catechin equivalent (CAE).100 g−1), and antioxidant capacity (136–462 mg Trolox equivalent (TE).100 g−1).
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Fernandes, Ângela, Sara Figueiredo, Tiane C. Finimundy, José Pinela, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Marija Ivanov, Marina Soković, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, and Lillian Barros. "Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Purple French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Water Deficit Irrigation and Biostimulants Application." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 6869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126869.
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Biostimulants are a novel and eco-friendly agronomic tool with practical applications in alleviating negative effects of environmental stressors. The present work studied the effects of three biostimulant products (Nomoren (N), Twin-Antistress (TW), and X-Stress (XS)) under normal irrigation (W+) and water deficit irrigation conditions (W−) on the nutritional, chemical composition and bioactive properties of common bean fresh pods. A variable effect of biostimulants and water deficit irrigation was observed on nutritional value parameters, while fructose and sucrose were the main detected sugars, especially in NW+ and CW− treatments. Oxalic, malic, and citric acid were the main detected organic acids, while γ- and total tocopherol content was the highest in TWW+. (+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds, especially in the NW− treatment. A variable antioxidant capacity was observed for the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Oxidative Haemolysis assays (OxHLIA), while TWW+ extracts showed the best overall results against the tested fungi. In conclusion, the tested biostimulants had a positive effect on chemical composition and bioactivities of purple bean depending on the irrigation regime.
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Ngoc Huy, Dinh Tran, Pham Van Tuan, Nguyen Dinh Trung, Duong Thi Huyen, Nguyen Thi Hang, Nguyen Bich Hong, Le Thu Ha, and Bui Thi Sun. "Management Issues of Tea Planting and Tea Crops in Vietnam in the Concept of Sustainable Agricultural Development - and Recommendations on Marketing 4P." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 1784–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.102.
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Thai Nguyen and Lam Dong provinces are two biggest ares of Vietnam to have tea crops planting. Farmers produce various tea products and among them, Green tea contains polyphenols and catechins as well as caffeine, but green tea has less caffeine than coffee, and many extracts are decaffeinated. Our research goal is to find out real situation of tea planting in Vietnam in the concept of sustainable agricultural development in Vietnam and recommendations and marketing 4P solutions for agriculture and tea products, with the using of both qualitative analysis and regression -quantitative model in order to identify barriers for tea crops and planting as well as management issues of agricultural value chain. Research results show us that CPI and R (lending rate) and Risk free rate (Rfj have negative correlation with tea export price, while GDP growth has positive impacts. Next, the State plays an important role in supporting and promoting contractual linkages. Government policies must hold farmers and businesses accountable for the performance of the contract. In Vietnam, with a still agricultural fragmented, backward, the link between farmers and businesses is still loose, the determination of The right direction and support of the Government will create a great impetus to promote development economic links between businesses and farmers. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
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Mazhaeva, T. V. "Molecular and genetic aspects of health risks and their association with adverse environmental conditions and diets (systemic review)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2022): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.4.18.
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At present, it is vital to examine adverse effects produced on gene expression by negative environmental factors and nutrients. In this study, our aim was to generalize data available in literature on an association between health risks and polymorphisms of genes that participated in xenobiotic detoxification and allergic status, food intolerance included, in adults and children. We also considered influence exerted by various components in diets on gene expression. Available research data indicate that GSTP1 and SOD gene polymorphisms have their effects on a decline in detoxification and antioxidant functions and early development of allergic, occupational and oncological diseases under exposure to harmful chemicals. Micronutrients in diets that can protect from adverse effects produced by chemicals can act not only as substrates but also as detoxification enzyme inducers. Great quantities of biologically active compounds in the Mediterranean diet are assumed to be able to modulate functional activity of certain genes. Such nutrients as polyphenols, flavonoids, catechins, glucosinolates, anthocyanins, stilbenes, carotinoids, polyamines, spermidine and spermine produce anti-genotoxic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Use of combined nutrigenetic and phenotypic data seems a promising trend in effective modeling of a healthy diet. The research data outlined in this review indicate there is solid evidence that health risks can depend on a genotype, phenotype and quality of the environment. These risks also differ depending on a diet. Modeling a healthy diet based on available knowledge on nutritional genetic and nutritional genomics is a promising trend within non-carcinogenic health risk management, including risks of oncological diseases caused by exposure to adverse environmental factors.
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Tongsiri, Prapasiri, Wen-Yu Tseng, Yuan Shen, and Hung-Yu Lai. "Comparison of Soil Properties and Organic Components in Infusions According to Different Aerial Appearances of Tea Plantations in Central Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114384.
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The soil properties, climate, type of management, and fermentation process critically affect the productivity and quality of tea. In this study, tender tea leaves were collected from central Taiwan, and organic components in their infusions as well as physical and chemical soil properties differentiated using aerial photographs where good (G) and bad (B) growth exhibitions were determined. Eleven physical and chemical soil properties as well as five compounds in tea infusions were analyzed to determine the main factor that affects the growth of these tea trees. The Fleiss’ kappa statistic results revealed that the wet aggregate stability, pH, and exchangeable potassium content exhibit the most significant effect, with scores of 0.86, 0.64, and 0.62, respectively. Soil quality calculated using the mean weight diameter based on 11 soil properties revealed that ~67% of the total score of G is greater than that of B. Generally, contents of total polyphenols (51.67%) and catechins (51.76%) in the infusions of B were greater than those of G. In addition, significant positive correlations between the free amino acids content and soil properties, including pH and copper content, were observed. However, a negative correlation between the free amino acids and flavone contents and most of the soil properties was observed. The survey data set obtained from this study can provide useful information for the improved management of tea plantations.
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Somsong, Pimpinan, Chalat Santivarangkna, Pimsiri Tiyayon, Chi-Ming Hsieh, and Warangkana Srichamnong. "Assessing Polyphenol Components and Antioxidant Activity during Fermented Assam Tea Ball Processing." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145853.
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Fermented tea is traditionally consumed in many Asian countries. In Thailand, the product is made by anaerobic submerged fermentation of semi-mature tea leaves before being made into a ball form. This study aims to investigate the composition of health-associated bioactive compounds in fermented tea balls made from Camellia sinensis var. assamica, which is naturally grown in the forests of northern Thailand. The processing involves steaming semi-mature tea leaves followed by anaerobic fermentation in 2% NaCl solution (1:5 w/v of tea leaves solution). Levels of catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin (GC), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol), phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and sinapic acid), total phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity were evaluated in fresh tea leaves, steamed tea leaves, and fermented tea leaves over a period of 60 days’ monitoring. The results indicated that fermented tea balls still contain significant amounts of tea polyphenols, although their processing may result in some loss of most bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity measured by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays also declined as the fermentation time was extended. However, phenolic acids, including caffeic acid and sinapic acid, contrastingly increased during prolonged fermentation by 74.35% and 171.43% from fresh leaves, respectively.
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Can, Ahmet, Ahmet Kazankaya, Erdal Orman, Muttalip Gundogdu, Sezai Ercisli, Ravish Choudhary, and Rohini Karunakaran. "Sustainable Mulberry (Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L.) Production in Eastern Turkey." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 13507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413507.
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In this study, a total of 55 wild-grown mulberry landraces belonging to Morus alba L., Morus rubra L., and Morus nigra L. species (Rosales order, Moraceae family, Morus L. genus) were sampled around the Van Lake basin, and some fruit characteristics were determined. All landraces are naturally grown in the Lake Van basin under pesticide-free conditions. As fruit character, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and phlorizin) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and ascorbic acid) were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the correlation between mulberry species in terms of biochemical compounds. As a result of PCA-biplot analysis, two variations were sufficient to explain the correlation between phenolic compounds and organic acids. This ratio reveals that mulberry species are separated with sharp boundaries in terms of biochemical compounds. Chlorogenic acid and rutin content were high in all mulberry landraces. The highest chlorogenic acid content was detected in landrace 65VN03 belonging to M. rubra (3.778 mg/g), 65GV12 belonging to M. nigra (3.526 mg/g), 13AD08 belonging to M. rubra (2.461 mg/g), and 13AH02 belonging to M. rubra (6.246 mg/g) landraces. In terms of organic acid content, malic acid was the dominant organic acid for genotypes. The rich bioactive compounds make M. alba, M. rubra, and M. nigra landraces as cultivar candidates for breeding purposes. It is a valuable source of bioactive agents that may have prevented humans from oxidative-stress-related diseases.
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El-Bilawy, Emad H., Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori, Seham A. Soliman, Fatimah O. Alotibi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Amr A. Arishi, Abd El-Naser Sabry, et al. "Antifungal, Antiviral, and HPLC Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds of Amphiroa anceps Extract." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912253.
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The increasing use of chemical control agents and pesticides to prevent plant disease has resulted in several human and environmental health problems. Seaweeds, e.g., Amphiroa anceps extracts, have significant antimicrobial activities against different human pathogens. However, their anti-phytopathogenic activities are still being investigated. In the present investigation, three fungal isolates were isolated from root rot and grey mold symptomatic strawberry plants and were molecularly identified by ITS primers to Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea with accession numbers MN398396, MN398398, and MN398400, respectively. In addition, the organic extract of the red alga Amphiroa anceps was assessed for its antifungal activity against the three identified fungal isolates and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. At 100 µg/mL, the A. anceps extract had the best biological activity against R. solani, B. cinerea, and TMV infection, with inhibition rates of 66.67%, 40.61%, and 81.5%, respectively. Contrarily, the A. anceps extract exhibited lower activity against F. culmorum, causing inhibition in the fungal mycelia by only 4.4% at the same concentration. The extract’s HPLC analysis revealed the presence of numerous phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid and gallic acid, which had the highest concentrations of 19.05 and 18.36 µg/mL, respectively. In this line, the phytochemical analysis also showed the presence of flavonoids, with the highest concentration recorded for catechin at 12.45 µg/mL. The obtained results revealed for the first time the effect of the A. anceps extract against the plant fungal and viral pathogens, making the seaweed extract a promising source for natural antimicrobial agents.
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Michalaki, Afroditi, Elpida Niki Iliopoulou, Angeliki Douvika, Constantina Nasopoulou, Dimitris Skalkos, and Haralabos Christos Karantonis. "Bioactivity of Grape Skin from Small-Berry Muscat and Augustiatis of Samos: A Circular Economy Perspective for Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 6, 2022): 14576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114576.
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Consumer interest in health-promoting foods has prompted researchers to use wine by-products to increase food’s functional characteristics. This research aims to examine the skin bioactivities of Samos white (small-berry Muscat) and red (Augustiatis) grape skin extracts (M-GSkE, A-GSkE). Total phenolic content, antiradical activity, the inhibition of plasma oxidation and platelet aggregation, and the phenolic profile were examined. A-GSkE and M-GSkE showed high total phenolics (1.19 ± 0.13 vs. 2.12 ± 0.23 mM GAE), antiradical activity (7.7 ± 0.4 vs. 6.6 ± 0.3 μM GAE for ABTS; 31.12 ± 0.8 vs. 26.4 ± 1.0 μM GAE for DPPH), resistance to plasma oxidation (5.7 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 μM GAE), and antithrombotic activity (19.7 ± 0.1 vs. 26.6 ± 0.2 μM GAE). Ferulic (41.3 ± 0.1 > 13.2 ± 0.1 μg/g DM), vanillic (26.3 ± 1.7 > 12.2 ± 1.2 μg/g DM), and gallic (16.6 ± 0.1 > 8.4 ± 2.9 μg/g DM) acids along with ε-viniferin (3.6 ± 0.4 > 2.8 ± 0.3 μg/g DM) were identified in higher content in A-GSkE. Catechin (59.8 ± 1.5 μg/g DM), chlorogenic acid (43.8 ± 0.9 μg/g DM), and resveratrol (0.83 ± 0.13 μg/g DM) were identified only in M-GSkE, while caffeic acid 19.8 ± 0.4 μg/g DM) and daidzein (16.8 ± 0.1 μg/g DM) were identified only in A-GSkE. The specialized bioactivities researched in two previously unexplored Samos’ wine grape skin extracts give them added value. The valorization of such by-products promises a sustainable future in the food sector of local communities and an improvement in local public health.
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Carmichael, Owen T., Sreekrishna R. Pillai, Preetham Shankapal, Alex McLellan, Denis G. Kay, Brian T. Gold, and Jeffrey N. Keller. "P4-007: A COMBINATION OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS, PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT, AND GREEN TEA CATECHINS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES BRAIN ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY DURING AN FMRI TASK IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 14, no. 7S_Part_27 (July 1, 2006): P1433—P1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2409.
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Carmichael, Owen T., Sreekrishna R. Pillai, Preetham Shankapal, Alex McLellan, Denis G. Kay, Brian T. Gold, and Jeffrey N. Keller. "IC-P-196: A COMBINATION OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS, PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT, AND GREEN TEA CATECHINS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES BRAIN ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY DURING AN FMRI TASK IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 14, no. 7S_Part_3 (July 1, 2006): P162—P164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2263.
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Alghamdi, Sameera A., Ashwag A. Al-Nehmi, and Omer H. M. Ibrahim. "Potential Allelopathic Effect of Wheat Straw Aqueous Extract on Bermudagrass Noxious Weed." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315989.
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Residues of several crops, including wheat, have a promising allelopathic effect on noxious weed species and thus represent eco-friendly alternatives to harmful, widely applied herbicides. The current investigation deals with the effects of wheat straw aqueous extract on the growth and biochemical aspects of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) as a model of harmful weeds for the wheat crop. The prepared aqueous extract from wheat straw was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to identify and quantify phenolic and flavonoid components. In addition, the allelopathic effect of different concentrations of the extract on the germination, seedling growth, and biochemical aspects of bermudagrass was assessed. Our findings showed a significant decrease in bermudagrass seed germination percentage (ranging from 29.6 to 82.4%) and germination index (ranging from 10.07 to 32.43) in response to the extract treatments and a significant decline in all morphological growth parameters of the seedling. HPLC analysis of the extract showed the presence of seven phenolic acids and six flavonoids. The most prevalent phenolics included pyrogallol (13.75 µg/g), ferulic acid (9.82 µg/g), gallic acid (8.5 µg/g), and isoferulic acid (4.47 µg/g), while the predominant flavonoids included catechin (11.04 µg/g), luteolin (8.26 µg/g) and quercetin (7.74 µg/g). The highest extract concentrations (75% and 100%) showed a corresponding decline in the leaf content of chlorophylls a and b but a significant increase in the content of free amino acids, total protein and soluble carbohydrates. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity exposed a concentration-dependent reduction, while the activities of both catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were reduced only with the highest extract concentration. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a high correlation among the morphological growth parameters, indicating that these elements either have a common ground of variance or are inter-correlated. Accordingly, our findings suggest the possibility of combating bermudagrass weeds using the aqueous extract of wheat straw.
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Pajėdienė, Jūratė. "Comparison of Mikalojus Daukša’s „Catechism“ (1595) and Its Polish Original: Onomateme „širdis“ and Its Equivalents." Vilnius University Open Series, February 22, 2021, 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/pzop.2020.5.
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The article continues the research, which centers on the comparison of Mikalojus Daukša’s Catechism (DK, 1595) and its Polish original – Jakub Ledesma’s Catechism (LeK, ~1572). This time the article focuses on the polysemy of the word širdis, which becomes apparent in the comparison of the fixations of this word in Daukša’s texts (Daukša’s Postilla (DP, 1599) is referred to as an additional source) and their original Polish equivalents as well as the contexts of their usage. DK lexeme širdis corresponds to LeK serce, serdeczny, żywot, myśl, vmysł. DP lexeme širdis is selected as an equivalent to the lexemes and phrases with serce, serdeczny, myśl, vmysł, męstwo, pamięć, sumnienie, stałość, trwałość, żalość, wdziecżnie, miec na pieczy in Jakub Wujek’s text. The inconsistencies between the onomateme širdis and the Polish original are due to the translation author’s creative experience as well as the range of meanings associated with this word and its phrases in the native language and the tradition of usage.
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Smetonienė, Anželika. "Patterns of Morphological Integration of Slavic Loan Nouns in Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) as an Indication of Their Origin and Chronology." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 54 (December 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.1766.
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Patterns of Morphological Integration of Slavic Loan Nouns in Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) as an Indication of Their Origin and ChronologyThis article focuses on the morphological integration of Slavic loan nouns featuring in Merkelis Petkevičius’ Catechism (1598) into the Lithuanian language. It attempts to establish whether the pattern of adaptation of a Slavic loanword to a particular Lithuanian stem can suggest its more precise origin. In order to achieve this objective, I extracted all Slavic loan nouns from Petkevičius’ Catechism, identified their stems and meanings, and established their equivalents in Slavic languages of the relevant period (Old Russian, Ruthenian, Old and Middle Polish). Comparing this data made it possible to establish some common patterns of integration of Slavic loanwords into the morphological system of the Lithuanian language. A direct relationship was identified between the endings and gender of the Slavic words and the Lithuanian stems into which they were integrated. Therefore, in some cases the pattern of adaptation of a Slavic loanword can suggest its path into the Lithuanian language. Adaptacja morfologiczna słowiańskich zapożyczeń rzeczownikowych w katechizmie Pietkiewicza (1598) jako wskazówka na temat ich źródła i chronologiiNiniejszy artykuł omawia adaptację morfologiczną słowiańskich zapożyczeń rzeczownikowych w języku litewskim na podstawie materiału leksykalnego katechizmu Melchiora Pietkiewicza (1598). Podjęta analiza stanowi próbę ustalenia, czy ich dostosowanie do określonego rdzenia litewskiego może dokładniej wskazywać na źródło pochodzenia. W toku przeprowadzonych badań z katechizmu wyekscerpowano wszystkie rzeczowniki zapożyczone z języków słowiańskich, zidentyfikowano ich rdzenie i znaczenia oraz ustalono ich ekwiwalenty w językach słowiańskich w odpowiednim okresie (staroruskim, ruskim, staro- i średniopolskim). Porównanie tych danych pozwoliło uchwycić pewne prawidłowości adaptacji zapożyczeń słowiańskich do systemu morfologicznego języka litewskiego. Ustalono bezpośredni związek pomiędzy końcówkami i rodzajem gramatycznym leksemów słowiańskich a ich adaptacją do określonych rdzeni litewskich. W pewnych przypadkach wzorzec adaptacji może zatem wskazywać na źródło zapożyczenia słowiańskiego w języku litewskim.