Academic literature on the topic 'Polish folk art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polish folk art"
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Klekot, Ewa. "Etnodizajn a ludowość w polskim wzornictwie." Artium Quaestiones, no. 32 (December 15, 2021): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2021.32.9.
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In the first decade of the 2000s, a new wave of “folk inspirations” became visible in the work of Polish designers, which was celebrated by exhibitions, publications, conferences and a special festival. Interestingly, all the Polish-language coverage of these events almost unanimously avoided Polish vocabulary suggesting any connection with “folk” (n.: lud, adj.: ludowy) and used the English-sounding term “etnodizajn” (or “ethnodesign”), which actually did not exist in any official Polish or English dictionary. “Etnodizajn” is definitely not the first case when Polish designers have used the “natural resources” of the “folk art tradition”. This article discusses the early 21st century etnodizajn as embedded in the Romantic tradition of understanding the meaning of the folk, pointing at its endurance both in design practices and cultural politics. Following the design strategies of companies and studios linked to etnodizajn, the author presents, on one hand, projects that neatly fit into a century-old strategies of purely formal inspirations, and on the other, those projects that search beyond the beaten track of folk art.
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Wójcik, Agata. "Edward Trojanowski: The Search for Style in Early 20th-century Furniture Design in Poland." Ikonotheka 28 (August 6, 2019): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3344.
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Three sources of inspiration are discernible in early 20th-century Polish furniture design and especially in the output of artist-designers associated with the Polish Applied Art Association (TPSS), namely, folk art, the historical styles, and the modernistic/geometrical current. Edward Trojanowski’s oeuvre in that area combines all these three tendencies and embodies the evolution of a Polish approach to designing furniture; hence it may serve to illustrate the history of Polish furniture design in the early 20th century. Although initially Trojanowski turned to folk art, he did not passively copy its decorative motifs. His study of folk craft persuaded him to simplify the forms of pieces of furniture and to experiment with the use of colour in furniture design and interior decoration. Later, his search for a national style encouraged him to seek inspiration in Biedermeier furniture design, which added elegance to his designs, as evident in the proportions of the pieces of furniture and in the use of decorative veneers or sophisticated geometric ornaments. In this manner Trojanowski, while following his own artistic path, developed forms of furniture that effortlessly bear comparison with the avant-garde designs of the Modernist geometric current, as proposed by the Wiener Werkstätte and the Werkbund, which heralded the arrival of Art Déco.
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Kostrzyńska-Miłosz, Anna. "Czym jest polski design?" Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 6 (2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2019.6.04.
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The article touches upon the question of the history of Polish industrial design. It analyses its genesis since the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the crucial problem of how ‘Polish’ and nationally rooted were, in fact, the forms presented by the Polish designers at the time. Further reflections on the topic show two main tendencies – inspirations emerging from Anna Kostrzyńska-Miłosz folk art and the search for modernity (characteristic of the entire European design during the period). Both tendencies are still present in Polish design.
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Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna. "WHY IS THE HOLY IMAGE "TRUE"? THE ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF TRUTH AS A PRINCIPLE OF SELF-AUTHENTICATION OF FOLK DEVOTIONAL EFFIGIES IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY." Numen 49, no. 3 (2002): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852702320263936.
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AbstractThe present article examines the twofold material provided by analyses of the borderline between the ethnology of religion and the history of folk art. It refers first of all to the etiological legends of holy images venerated in Central and Eastern Europe in the post-tridentine period, and secondly to folk holy images, in particular woodcut prints, self-declared as "true images," which were widespread until the last century, and richly represented in Polish folk piety.
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Jackowski, Jacek, and Piotr Grochowski. "Etnofon. Jak udostępniać dokumentalne nagrania muzyki ludowej? Z Jackiem Jackowskim rozmawia Piotr Grochowski." Literatura Ludowa, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/ll.4.2021.006.
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Jacek Jackowski is a musician and ethnomusicologist, and the head of the Phonographic Collection at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the conservation, digitization and archiving of old sound recordings. He is a field researcher and author of many academic articles on traditional, Catholic and folk religious culture associated with musical behaviours. He also published numerous articles and books on early folk music recordings and their digitization (Zachować dawne nagrania, Warszawa 2014; Polska muzyka tradycyjna – dziedzictwo fonograficzne, t. 1, Warszawa 2017; t. 2, Warszawa 2019), as well as 17 CD albums of folk songs and music from Kashubia, Kurpie, Podhale, Łowicz, Orava, South Wielkopolska and many other regions of Poland. Since 2014 he has been managing the Etnofon project, the goal of which is to create, develop and maintain a central digital repository of documentary phonographic and film recordings capturing Polish traditional songs and music as well as folk dance.
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Wójcik, Agata. "Projekty wnętrz i mebli zaprezentowane na „wystawie Architektury i wnętrz w otoczeniu ogrodowem” w Krakowie w 1912 roku." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 4 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.4-4.
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The aim of this study is to analyze the architecture of residential interiors and furniture making presented at the exhibition in 1912, to indicate the sources of inspiration for designers and to place them in the context of foreign furniture making. The sources of information were the exhibition catalog, press articles, and the archival materials stored in the National Archives in Krakow that had not been used so far, as well as photographs from the collections of the Print Room of the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow and the Museum of the Jagiellonian University.The interiors and furniture presented by the artists from the society for Polish applied arts (TPSS) at the Krakow exhibition in 1912 perfectly matched the trends prevailing in designing around 1910. How far they were from the curvy-line Art Nouveau. The designers consciously and creatively used their native tradition, especially the furniture making of the Biedermeier period and folk art. On the one hand, Polish artists drew from the architecture of manor interiors, and on the other they were close to the inspiration of an English home. Their projects can be compared with the works of Austrian artists from the circle of the Vienna Workshop and German artists associated with the Deutscher Werkbund. They were a harbinger of simplified, geometrized, folk-inspired, influencing the beauty of the material, Polish furniture of the interwar period. The equipment for the house of a worker and a craftsman being an example of cheap furniture was characterized by solidity, modesty, operating with economical, but noble forms, inspired by folk ornamentation. They were the beginning of attempts by Polish designers to create minimalist, functional, solid and cheap equipment that were continued in the interwar period.
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Zychowicz, Karolina. "The Exhibition-Organising Activity of the Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries (1950–1956) Based on the Example of Selected Exhibitions at the Zachęta Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions." Ikonotheka 26 (June 26, 2017): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1673.
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The documentation of the Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries, which was an offi cial agency active in the years 1950–1956, is currently deposited at the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and constitutes an invaluable source for any Polish scholar interested in the history of exhibitions. It contains large amounts of interesting data which make it possible to ascertain the character of Polish exhibitionorganising activity in the fi rst half of the 1950s. In the six years of its existence the Committee organised ca. one hundred exhibitions. The essay concerns exhibitions hosted in the main building of the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions, i.e. the Zachęta. Foreign exhibitions prepared by the Committee were intended to justify the state’s cultural strategy based on promoting the aesthetics of Socialist Realism, which programmatically referred to 19th-century Realism and its historical traditions. Exhibitions of art produced in the countries of the Eastern bloc presented the local version of Social Realism plus 19th-century painting that could be described as “Critical Realism”. Bringing to Poland exhibitions of folk art from the “brotherly” countries of the Eastern bloc was an important element of the Committee’s policy, as in the years 1949–1956 attempts were made to use folk art in the process of remodelling the country in the Socialist spirit. The Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries was established in 1950 in order to centralise, expand and politicise artistic exchange. On the whole, however, the idea to centralise all of the cultural exchange with foreign countries turned out to be a utopia. In 1955, just as the so-called thaw was beginning, the Ministry of Culture and Art offered the proposal to decentralise the exchange and to dissolve the Committee.
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Myśliński, Michał. "Inspiracje sztuką i kulturą Podhala w powojennej galanterii i biżuterii polskiej." Artifex Novus, no. 5 (December 13, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.9370.
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Abstrakt:
 Zainteresowanie sztuką ludową Podhala wśród polskich artystów i badaczy sięga lat osiemdziesiątych XIX wieku. Wynikało ono z dostrzeżenia artystycznej wartości tworzonych tam dzieł oraz poszukiwań tzw. sztuki narodowej i rodzimej, tak bardzo ważnych dla polskiej kultury i tożsamości. Inspiracje kulturą materialną i artystyczną Podhala przyczyniły się m.in. do wielkiego sukcesu polskiej ekspozycji na Wystawie Sztuki Dekoracyjnej w Paryżu w 1925 roku.
 Zainteresowanie to nie zmniejszyło się po 1945 r., ale przybrało inne formy. W tym czasie powstawały w Polsce liczne spółdzielnie, których zadaniem było tworzenie przedmiotów codziennego użytku i dzieł sztuki ludowej, zgodnie z lokalną tradycją rękodzielniczą, ikonograficzną, zdobniczą itp. Pewną część produkcji stanowiła tzw. metaloplastyka – sprzączki do pasków, spinki do koszul, zatrzaski do torebek, noże, okucia fajek i in., których forma była inspiracją dla artystów tworzących dzieła biżuterii – bransoletki, broszki, wisiory itp. Asortyment ten uzupełniony został także o inne elementy – wykonywane z blachy, kości bydlęcej, galalitu i drewna broszki, wisiorki i breloki, które były przede wszystkim pamiątkami przywożonymi z tego bardzo popularnego regionu turystycznego.
 Summary:
 The interest in the folk art of the Podhale region among Polish artists and researchers dates back to the 1880s. It resulted from the perception of the artistic value of the works created here, as well as the search for the so-called national and native art, very important for Polish culture and national identity. Inspiration with the material culture of Podhale came from, among others a great effect in the form of the success of Polish art at the Exhibition of Decorative Art in Paris in 1925.
 This interest did not diminish after 1945, but took other forms. At that time, numerous cooperatives were established in Poland, whose task was to create everyday objects and works of folk art, in line with the local tradition in terms of technology, iconography, ornaments, etc. In Podhale, among many produced works, a certain part was the so-called metalwork – belt buckles, shirt clips, purse fasteners, knives, etc., the shape of which was an inspiration for artists creating bracelets, brooches, pendants, etc. This assortment was supplemented with other items – made of sheet metal, bovine bone, galalite and wood, brooches, pendants, and key rings, which were primarily souvenirs brought from this very popular tourist region.
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Guzy-Pasiak, Jolanta. "Polish musical life in Great Britain during the Second World War." Muzyka 64, no. 1 (2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.249.
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The present article is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive – as much as the available sources allow – presentation of Polish music in Great Britain during the war, without any claims to completeness. The main institution attracting Poles in London was, practically from the beginning of the war, Polish Hearth, founded by Polish artists, scholars and writers. The Polish Musicians of London association with Tadeusz Jarecki organised classical music concerts and published contemporary works by Polish composers. The organisation was instrumental in the founding of the London Polish String Quartet. The BBC Radio played a huge role in the popularisation of the Polish repertoire and Polish artists, broadcasting complete performances. What became an extremely attractive form of promoting Polish art were the performances of the Anglo-Polish Ballet, founded by Czesław Konarski and Alicja Halama in 1940. The post-war reality meant that most of the scores published at the time were arrangements of soldiers’, historical, folk and popular songs characterised by simple musical means suited to the capabilities of army bands, but conveying the spirit accompanying the soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces during the Second World War. Polish Army Choir established, as the first among such ensembles, on Jerzy Kołaczkowski’s initiative.The author hopes to prompt further studies into the history of migrations of artists and work on monographs on the various composers and performers. Undoubtedly, there is a need to bring this part of our musical culture to light, especially given the fact that interest in Polish music abroad has been growing in recent years.
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Markowska, Anna. "Around 1948: The “Gentle Revolution” and Art History." Artium Quaestiones, no. 30 (December 20, 2019): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2019.30.7.
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Just like after World War I Italy experienced a transition from modernism to fascism, after World II Poland experienced a passage from modernism to quasi-communism. The symbol of the first stage of the communist revolution in Poland right after the war, the so-called “gentle revolution,” was Pablo Picasso, whose work was popularized not so much because of its artistic value, but because of his membership in the communist party. The second, repressive stage of the continued came in 1949–1955, to return after the so-called thaw to Picasso and the exemplars of the École de Paris. However, the imagery of the revolution was associated only with the socialist realism connected to the USSR even though actually it was the adaptation of the École de Paris that best expressed the revolution’s victory. In the beginning, its moderate program, strongly emphasizing the national heritage as well as financial promises, made the cultural offer of the communist regime quite attractive not only for the left. Thus, the gentle revolution proved to be a Machiavellian move, disseminating power to centralize it later more effectively. On the other hand, the return to the Paris exemplars resulted in the aestheticization of radical and undemocratic changes. The received idea that the evil regime was visualized only by the ugly socialist realism is a disguise of the Polish dream of innocence and historical purity, while it was the war which gave way to the revolution, and right after the war artists not only played games with the regime, but gladly accepted social comfort guaranteed by authoritarianism. Neither artists, nor art historians started a discussion about the totalizing stain on modernity and the exclusion of the other. Even the folk art was instrumentalized by the state which manipulated folk artists to such an extent that they often lost their original skills. Horrified by the war atrocities and their consequences, art historians limited their activities to the most urgent local tasks, such as making inventories of artworks, reorganization of institutions, and reconstruction. Mass expropriation, a consequence of the revolution, was not perceived by museum personnel as a serious problem, since thanks to it museums acquired more and more exhibits, while architects and restorers could implement their boldest plans. The academic and social neutralization of expropriation favored the birth of a new human being, which was one of the goals of the revolution. Along the ethnic homogenization of society, focusing on Polish art meant getting used to monophony. No cultural opposition to the authoritarian ideas of modernity appeared – neither the École de Paris as a paradigm of the high art, nor the folklore manipulated by the state were able to come up with the ideas of the weak subject or counter-history. Despite the social revolution, the class distinction of ethnography and high art remained unchanged.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polish folk art"
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CARDASSILARIS, NICOLE RUTH. "Bringing Cultures Together: Elma Pratt, Her International School of Art, and Her Collection of International Folk Art at the Miami University Art Museum." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204738152.
Full textBooks on the topic "Polish folk art"
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Śledziewski, Antoni. Wycinanka Polska =: Polish paper cut-out = Polnische Scherenschnitte. Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 2008.
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Krzysztofowicz-Kozakowska, Stefania. Między Giewontem a Parnasem: Inspiracje artystycne sztuką Podhala. Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie, 1997.
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Pawłowska, Krystyna. Rzeźba i zdobnictwo na Kujawach. Dobrzyńsko-Kujawskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne, 2003.
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Jackowski, Aleksander. O rzeźbach i rzeźbiarzach =: Folk sculpture in Poland = Volksbildhauerei in Polen. Wydawn. Krupski i S-ka, 1996.
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Teresa, Filip Elżbieta, ed. Rzeźba ze zbiorów etnograficznych Muzeum w Bielsku-Bialej. Muzeum w Bielsku-Białej, 2007.
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editor, Ashfāq Ḥumerā, and National Institute of Folk and Traditional Heritage, eds. Faiz, folk heritage and problems of culture. Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2013.
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Juszkiewicz, Piotr. "Modern, Primitive, Folk and Socialist. Mexican Art in Polish Art History and Art Criticism, 1949 – 1972." In Universal – International – Global. Böhlau Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412520830.258.
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Gallistl, Vera. "Cultural Exclusion in Old-Age: A Social Exclusion Perspective on Cultural Practice in Later Life." In International Perspectives on Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_20.
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AbstractCultural exclusion in older age is conceptually under-developed and empirically under-explored. This results in a lack of knowledge concerning the mechanisms through which cultural exclusion is produced and the policy instruments that support cultural inclusion in later life. This article explores how cultural practice changes in old age and how these changes associate with old-age social exclusion. Cultural participation comprises (a) going-out, (b) home-bound and (c) identity-culture. These domains are explored with survey data (n = 1000) of Austrians aged 60 years and older.Results suggest shifting cultural practice later in life, from public to private spaces, and three clusters of cultural participants (Omnivore, Univore-Television (TV), Univore-Entertainment), which differ in their cultural practice, social status, and taste preferences. Univores-TV are typically involved in home-bound cultural practices, most likely to be socially excluded, and show the highest appreciation of folk art. Disengagement from public cultural spaces is, hence, more prevalent among socially marginalised groups with folk tastes.Gerontology needs to problematize older adults’ exclusion from cultural practice as a matter of spatial and taste marginalisation. In order to build more age-inclusive cultures across Europe, policy should address the diversity of older adults’ cultural participation and provide support in bringing marginalised practices to public spaces.
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Canales, Claudia, and Robin Fears. "The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Europe." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_40.
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AbstractEuropean farming systems are diverse, and food has traditionally played a central role in the shaping of individual and cultural identities. In this chapter, taking a food systems approach, we examine European issues for the interrelationships among agriculture, environmental sustainability, nutrition, and health, considering all steps in the food value chain from growing through to consumption and recycling. There are multiple policy objectives and instruments to coordinate, but, although the challenges are unprecedented, so too are the scientific opportunities. A wide range of issues are covered, including those for: agroecology and the implications for ecosystem assessment, other new production systems, linking soil structure and health both with environmental sustainability and novel products of the bioeconomy, and microbiomics. There are major opportunities for developing climate-resilient food systems while, at the same time, reducing the contribution that agriculture makes to climate change, along with accompanying implications for food policy. Recommendations for ambitious action include: promoting transdisciplinary research to fill present knowledge gaps; continuing to strengthen the research enterprise in the EU, recognising that EU scientists have crucial roles to play in building global critical mass in food system science; and reaffirming the use of science to inform innovation, policy and practice. In particular, for the EU, the Farm-to-Fork (F2F) policy has important objectives, but must be fully informed by the scientific evidence, well aligned with biodiversity, the circular economy and bioeconomic strategies, and transparent in communicating the consequences both for the domestic consumer and for the rest of the world.
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Litvin, A. "Excerpts From Yidishe Neshomes." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 16. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774730.003.0021.
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This chapter presents some excerpts from A. Litvin's Yidishe neshomes (Jewish Souls). The first deals with the Jew and the ‘look-box’. There is a very large portion of the Jewish masses for whom the entire world of aesthetics, beauty, and art is unknown. The Jewish folk artist comes to their help. Still today, as in the past, the aesthetic needs of the very poorest are met by the Jew with the ‘look-box’. The look-box is simultaneously a theatre and a museum; it also teaches history, geography, and other important things. Meanwhile, the second excerpt concerns the blind Jewish musicians, who are nearly all former artisans.
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Gacek, Gabriela. "Kliszczacka muzyka. O współczesnej sprawczości dawnych ludoznawczych etykiet." In Kliszczacy – gwara i kultura. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381387187.06.
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KLISZCZAK MUSIC: ON CURRENT AGENCY OF EARLY ETHNOGRAPHIC LABELS Kliszczak Gorals are among the least known and most understudied Polish Goral communities. Research into the musical traditions of the areas they inhabit is even more modest. In the article, an attempt is made to determine whether the distinctiveness of this ethnographic group – established by 19th-century ethnographers based on an artifact of material culture, namely a characteristic detail on the trousers of male folk costume – has also ever manifested itself in music. I rely on my own field research, conducted in the years 2010–2017, mainly among organizers of folk culture, singers, folk music bands and regional music bands in the Kliszczak area, which I in accordance with ethnographic literature, as well as the sense of regional identity of my informants. An important aim of the article is to answer the question of how to define Kliszczak music, the Kliszczak repertoire, the limits of the Kliszczak area, the very term “Kliszczak Gorals”, and how these definitions relate to historical sources, such as Oskar Kolberg’s observations in Góry i Podgórze [The Moutains and the Foothills] parts I and II, published as two volumes of his Dzieła Wszystkie [Complete Works], manuscripts and typescripts from the collection of the Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków and recordings and minutes from the Nationwide Fieldwork Collection of Musical Folklore stored at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.
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Wójcik, Agata. "Wystawa drukarska w 1904/05 roku w Krakowie." In O miejsce książki w historii sztuki. Część III: Sztuka książki około 1900. W 150. rocznicę urodzin Stanisława Wyspiańskiego. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381386548.14.
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Polish Applied Art Society (Towarzystwo Polska Sztuka Stosowana) focused not only on designing interiors, furniture or tapestry, but was also interested in graphic design, to which an exhibition in Kraków was dedicated (24th December 1904 to 10th February 1905), organized in cooperation with the National Museum. The aim of the exhibition was ‘to present the degree of artistry in contemporary Polish printing, to emphasize the aspirations, to give it a distinct character, to give an overview of the artistic use of folk motifs and to inform about the current state of printing technology’. The exhibition was to draw the publishers’ attention to the issues of contemporary print design as well as to arouse the interest of artists in this field. Warchałowski argued that the exhibition was to show that the distinctive Polish character of printing consisted of two elements – the individuality of artists and the use of folk motifs. The National Museum was responsible for the exhibition of the old prints. The exhibition included the most interesting Polish posters of the period, made in the technique of lithography in the workshop of Aureliusz Pruszyński in Kraków. There was also a presentation of publications of the Jagiellonian University Printing House, National Printing House of Napoleon Telz, Piotr Laskauer in Warsaw and several others. The Society did not fail to boast about their own prints – to the quality of which they paid particular attention – the catalogues, periodicals, reports, exhibition posters, correspondence cards. There was a separate presentation of works of the artists who had already been successful in the field of graphic design, among others of Józef Mehoffer, Eugeniusz Dąbrowa-Dąbrowski, Karol Frycz, Stanisław Wyspiański, Henryk Uziembło. The last part of the exhibition was devoted to foreign prints, mostly from Feliks Jasieński’s collection. There were American, English, as well as Chinese and Japanese publications. The exhibition was widely commented on in the press, and it was quite well received. The selection of the presented works, their artistic level as well as the arrangement of the exhibition were praised. The TPSS appreciated several printing houses, awarded medals and distributed cash prizes.
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Lukin, Michael. "Servant Romances." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 32. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764739.003.0006.
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This chapter traces “Yiddish servant romances” back to the eighteenth century. It examines the formal characteristics of melodies and texts typical of servant romances and shows how its emergence can be correlated with verbal folklore, various musical genres, social history, and non-Jewish folk poetry. It also explains the term “Yiddish folk songs,” which is often used to refer to the entire complex of both folk and popular songs performed by the Yiddish-speaking population. The chapter uses the designation “Yiddish folk songs” in line with Bogatyrev and Jakobson's theory of crystallization processes in the development of folklore. It points out how the servant romances revolves around unrequited love and are characterized by the fusion of archaic traits with the markers of day-to-day life in the late modern period.
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Gross, Natan. "Mordechai Gebirtig: The Folk Song and the Cabaret Song." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 16. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774730.003.0007.
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This chapter details how Mordechai Gebirtig engraved his name on the history of Jewish cabaret in Poland between the wars. Every singer had his songs in his or her repertoire. These songs spread from the cabaret stages (kleynkunstbine) of Łódź and Warsaw to all of Poland and to the entire Jewish world. Even today they are alive on the stage and in Jewish homes; they are an indispensable part of the repertoire of Jewish singers. They are also arousing increasing interest among non-Jewish audiences in Poland, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and the United States. Since the destruction of European Jewry, these songs have become a crucial means of learning about Jewish folklore and the life of the Jewish poor, matters inadequately recorded in Yiddish literature and other sources.
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Węgrzynek, Hanna. "Sixteenth-Century Accounts of Purim Festivities." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0005.
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This chapter considers some accounts of Purim festivities in the sixteenth century. Not much is known about folk Purim festivities in Europe in the sixteenth century. It is often assumed that they developed at the turn of the century, originating from the Venice carnival and from the custom, brought by the Jews of Provence to Italy, of appointing a Purim king. These festivities evolved around masquerades. But there are neither written narratives nor artistic presentations of celebrations involving public parodies with Haman personified, jeered at, and insulted, and in no other European country were charges brought for hiring a Christian to act as Haman. Therefore, it seems plausible that the type of Purim festivities known from Sochaczew, Przemyśl, and Lutsk developed originally in the Polish lands. The chapter attempts to assess exactly when and where this happened.
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Molodowsky, Kadya, and Kathryn Hellerstein. "Paper Bridges: Selected Poems of Kadya Molodowsky." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 16. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774730.003.0036.
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This chapter looks at Paper Bridges: Selected Poems of Kadya Molodowsky. In Paper Bridges, the poet, translator, and Yiddish scholar Kathryn Hellerstein has selected poems from the six books of Yiddish poetry which Kadya Molodowsky published between 1924 and 1974. In her introduction, Hellerstein mentions that, according to Jewish legend, when the messiah comes, the Jews will cross into paradise over a paper bridge. Molodowsky's use of this folk motif as a theme in her poetry exemplifies its double character, which embraces both social realism and messianic utopianism. The poems are presented in their original Yiddish version and in precise, often evocative, translations. Endnotes elucidate ambiguous meanings of Yiddish words. This allows the reader to partake in some of the choices Hellerstein faced as translator.
Conference papers on the topic "Polish folk art"
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Abdulkadyrovna, Kutsulova Fatima. "CULTURAL POLICY OF DAGESTAN IN THE PERIOD GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." In Folk arts and crafts of the Russian Federation. ALEF, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33580/978-5-00128-340-9-2019-135-139.
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Dushkova, Miglena. "ORGANIC FARMING AND FOOD SAFETY." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.270.
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The paper presents Food safety policy in European Union. Special attention is given to the "Farm to Fork" Strategy, which includes all operators in the food value chain. Institutions that control this food chain and at the same time, they should protect consumer interests in the field of food safety, are considered. Organic farming has an important role in ensuring safe food and sustainable food consumption. In this context, significance of organic farming is considered in two main directions. On the one hand, as a type of agriculture that develops its activities with environment care. On the other hand, as a main way of providing organic and healthy food to consumers.
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Mekić, Cvijan, and Milivoje Ćosić. "IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURIST OFFER AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF KUČEVO." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21127cm.
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The corona virus pandemic has imperilled tourist destinations around the world, completely disrupting all types of traffic and border traffic. The global corona virus pandemic has brought with it major changes in trade, industry, agriculture and transportation. The negative effect of the pandemic on agriculture is reflected in the loss of the market. Tourism and catering are affected first, as arrangements are canceled and people go out to restaurants less. The next important branch that got affected is industry due to supply chain disruption. Economic activity has pretty much stalled in many sectors, and yet agriculture and food production are mentioned as saviors of national economies. The maxim is known as "there is no stable state without a consistent agrarian policy and a developed agricultural sector". Tourism is an important activity that is seriously counted on in the municipality of Kučevo. The festival of original folk art "Homoljski motivi" is organized in the municipality, moreover, at the territory of the municipality we can find the gold-bearing river Pek and the attractive caves Ceremošnja and Ravništarka. They are tourist content by which the municipality of Kučevo has long been recognizable. The absence of tourist activity on the territory of the municipality of Kučevo affected the reduction of the tourist offer, such as the preparation of traditional food using local products, which all has a negative impact on agricultural production, primarily livestock products.
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Ferjanić Hodak, Danijela, Oliver Kesar, and Ingeborg Matečić. "THE CONVERGENCE OF CROATIA’S WELLNESS TOURISM OFFER TOWARDS BENCHMARK DESTINATIONS IN EUROPE: PERCEPTION OF WELLNESS EXPERTS." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.15.
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Purpose – The intent of this study was to compare the extent to which Croatia’s wellness tourism products are comparable to those in the leading wellness destinations in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to explore wellness experts' perception of possibilities and limitations of Croatia's convergence to contemporary wellness trends, to explore willingness and intention of service providers to improve their wellness tourism products, and to provide some policy recommendations that would bring Croatia's wellness destinations closer to benchmark wellness destinations in Europe. Methodology – This qualitative research is based on primary and secondary data collection. A desk research method was used to identify the key trends, select benchmark destinations, and to analyze Croatia’s wellness tourism offer. For primary data collection, a focus group was used to explore experts' perception on wellness tourism offer in Croatia and willingness and intention of wellness service providers to improve their offer according to global trends. Findings – The research proved that wellness is still an increasingly attractive tourism product, but also revealed large variations in its quality across Europe. Although Croatia’s wellness tourism offer suffers from mediocrity, absence of standards and vision of future development, it has significant potentials to become internationally competitive. Contribution – The main contribution of this research is four-fold: 1) provides overview of new market trends in wellness business, 2) enables insight into current state and ways of improvement of wellness tourism offer in Croatia, 3) discusses intention of wellness managers to improve wellness tourism offer, and 4) provides some policy recommendations to improve its convergence towards global standards and best practices.
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Li, Lin, Xiaohua Wu, Miao Kong, Dong Zhou, and Xiaohui Tao. "Towards the Quantitative Interpretability Analysis of Citizens Happiness Prediction." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/707.
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Evaluating the high-effect factors of citizens' happiness is beneficial to a wide range of policy-making for economics and politics in most countries. Benefiting from the high-efficiency of regression models, previous efforts by sociology scholars have analyzed the effect of happiness factors with high interpretability. However, restricted to their research concerns, they are specifically interested in some subset of factors modeled as linear functions. Recently, deep learning shows promising prediction accuracy while addressing challenges in interpretability. To this end, we introduce Shapley value that is inherent in solid theory for factor contribution interpretability to work with deep learning models by taking into account interactions between multiple factors. The proposed solution computes the Shapley value of a factor, i.e., its average contribution to the prediction in different coalitions based on coalitional game theory. Aiming to evaluate the interpretability quality of our solution, experiments are conducted on a Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) questionnaire dataset. Through systematic reviews, the experimental results of Shapley value are highly consistent with academic studies in social science, which implies our solution for citizens' happiness prediction has 2-fold implications, theoretically and practically.
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Tucker, Julie, Mary Ernesti, and Akira Tokuhiro. "Quantifying the Metrics That Characterize Safety Culture of Three Engineered Systems." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22146.
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With potential energy shortages and increasing electricity demand, the nuclear energy option is being reconsidered in the United States. Public opinion will have a considerable voice in policy decisions that will “roadmap” the future of nuclear energy in this country. This report is an extension of the last author’s work on the “safety culture” associated with three engineered systems (automobiles, commercial airplanes, and nuclear power plants) in Japan and the United States. Safety culture, in brief is defined as a specifically developed culture based on societal and individual interpretations of the balance of real, perceived, and imagined risks versus the benefits drawn from utilizing a given engineered systems. The method of analysis is a modified scale analysis, with two fundamental eigenmetrics, time- (τ) and number-scales (N) that describe both engineered systems and human factors. The scale analysis approach is appropriate because human perception of risk, perception of benefit and level of (technological) acceptance are inherently subjective, therefore “fuzzy” and rarely quantifiable in exact magnitude. Perception of risk, expressed in terms of the psychometric factors “dread risk” and “unknown risk”, contains both time- and number-scale elements. Various engineering system accidents with fatalities, reported by mass media are characterized by τ and N, and are presented in this work using the scale analysis method. We contend that level of acceptance infers a perception of benefit at least two orders larger magnitude than perception of risk. The “amplification” influence of mass media is also deduced as being 100- to 1000-fold the actual number of fatalities/serious injuries in a nuclear-related accident.
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Logunov, Konstantin Valerievich, Sergei Anatolievich Antipov, and Andrey Borisovich Karpov. "Offshore Health Innovations." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207945-ms.
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Objectives/Scope Analysis of 15 years results of remote occupational health care in oil and gas production industries. Methods, Procedures, Process Continuous observation, statistical analysis of morbidity, mortality, and treatment results in industrial personnel at different endpoints depending on the variability of care models. Cost-efficacy analysis of several occupational health interventions. Targeted polls of Customers. Dynamics of new Customers. Results, Observations, Conclusions The best practices which provide the maximum efficacy include risk assessment and risk management, action planning for emergencies, telemedicine, education, registry maintenance. Each of all these gave a 10-100-fold rise in Customer satisfaction, seriously improved medical statistics. Telemedicine implies both: the delivery of highly specialized diagnostic technologies directly to the industrial production site, where a GP or paramedic is present, and it implements the direct replacement of medics with gadgets at the patient's bedside. Education involves hands-on training for both industrial personnel at remote sites and for medical professionals who provide care. The 2020-21 COVID19 pandemic was a great real stress test for remote health models when systemic integrated management procedures played a pivotal role in ensuring smooth industry operation due to the high quality of back medical services. Novel/Additive Information Modern efficient models of medical care for remote industries are necessarily comprehensive, modular, adaptive, and rely on personnel health registers. Remote health practices gain a 5-15% rise in price every year, but it pays off in greater labor productivity and in improving the health of industry personnel.
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Ståhlberg, Simon, Blai Bonet, and Hector Geffner. "Learning Generalized Policies without Supervision Using GNNs." In 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/49.
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We consider the problem of learning generalized policies for classical planning domains using graph neural networks from small instances represented in lifted STRIPS. The problem has been considered before but the proposed neural architectures are complex and the results are often mixed. In this work, we use a simple and general GNN architecture and aim at obtaining crisp experimental results and a deeper understanding: either the policy greedy in the learned value function achieves close to 100% generalization over instances larger than those used in training, or the failure must be understood, and possibly fixed, logically. For this, we exploit the relation established between the expressive power of GNNs and the C2 fragment of first-order logic (namely, FOL with 2 variables and counting quantifiers). We find for example that domains with general policies that require more expressive features can be solved with GNNs once the states are extended with suitable "derived atoms" encoding role compositions and transitive closures that do not fit into C2. The work follows an existing approach based on GNNs for learning optimal general policies in a supervised fashion, but the learned policies are no longer required to be optimal (which expands the scope, as many planning domains do not have general optimal policies) and are learned without supervision. Interestingly, value-based reinforcement learning methods that aim to produce optimal policies, do not always yield policies that generalize, as the goals of optimality and generality are in conflict in domains where optimal planning is NP-hard.
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Khalil, Yehia F., and Menachem Elimelech. "A Novel, Safe, and Environmentally Friendly Technology for Water Production Through Recovery of Rejected Thermal Energy From Nuclear Power Plants." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89663.
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In this work, we describe a novel design that utilizes seawater and a portion of rejected heat from a nuclear plant’s steam cycle to operate a water desalination system using forward osmosis technology. Water produced from this process is of sufficient quality to be readily used to supply plant demands for continuous makeup water. The proposed process minimizes the environmental concerns associated with thermal pollution of public waters and the resulting adverse impact on marine ecology. To demonstrate the technical feasibility of this conceptual design of a water treatment process, we discuss a case study as an example to describe how the proposed design can be implemented in a nuclear power station with a once–through cooling system that discharges rejected heat to an open sound seawater as its ultimate heat sink. In this case study, the station uses a leased (vendor owned and operated) onsite water treatment system that demineralizes and polishes up to 500-gpm of city water (at 100 ppm TDS) to supply high-quality makeup water (< 0.01 ppm TDS) to the plant steam system. The objectives of implementing the new design are three fold: 1) forego current practice of using city water as the source of plant makeup water, thereby reducing the nuclear station’s impact on the region’s potable water supply by roughly 100 million gallons/year, 2) minimize the adverse impact of discharging rejected heat into the open sound seawater and, hence, protect the marine ecology, and 3) eliminate the reliance on external vendor that owns and operates the onsite water treatment system, thereby saving an annual fixed cost of $600K plus 6 cents per 1,000 gallons of pure water. The design will also eliminate the need for using two double-path reverse osmosis (RO) units that consume 425 kW/h of electric power to operate two RO pumps (480V, 281.6 HP, and 317.4 amps).
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Khandaker, Morshed, Onur Can Kalay, Fatih Karpat, et al. "The Effect of Micro Grooving on Goat Total Knee Replacement: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24136.
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Abstract A method to improve the mechanical fixation of a total knee replacement (TKR) implant is clinically important and is the purpose of this study. More than one million joint replacement procedures are performed in people each year in the United States, and experts predict the number to increase six-fold by the year 2030. Whether cemented or uncemented, joint prostheses may destabilize over time and necessitate revision. Approximately 40,000 hip arthroplasty surgeries have to be revised each year and the rate is expected to increase by approximately 140% (and by 600% for total knee replacement) over the next 25 years. In veterinary surgery, joint replacement has a long history and the phenomenon of surgical revision is also well recognized. For the betterment of both people and animals, improving the longevity of arthroplasty devices is of the utmost clinical importance, and towards that end, several strategies are under investigation. One approach that we explore in the present research is to improve the biomechanical performance of cemented implant systems by altering the implant surface architecture in a way that facilitates its cement bonding capacity. Beginning with the Charnley system, early femoral stems were polished smooth, but a number of subsequent designs have featured a roughened surface — created with bead or grit blasting — to improve cement bonding. Failure at the implant-cement interface remains an issue with these newer designs, leading us to explore in this present research an alternate, novel approach to surface alteration — specifically, laser microgrooving. This study used various microgrooves architectures that is feasible using a laser micromachining process on a tibia tray (TT) for the goat TKR. Developing the laser microgrooving (LM) procedure, we hypothesized feasibility in producing parallel microgrooves of precise dimensions and spacing on both flat and round metallic surfaces. We further hypothesized that laser microgrooving would increase surface area and roughness of the cement interface of test metallic implants and that such would translate into an improved acute mechanical performance as assessed in vitro under both static and cyclic loads. The objective was to develop a computational model to determine the effect of LIM on the tibial tray to the mechanical stimuli distributions from implant to bone using the finite element method. This study designed goat TT 3D solid model from a computer topography (CT) images, out of which three different laser microgrooves were engraved on TT sample by varying depth, height and space between two adjacent grooves. The simulation test results concluded that microgrooves acchitecures positively influence microstrain behavior around the implant/bone interfaces. There is a higher amount of strain observed for microgroove implant/bone samples compared to non-groove implant/bone samples. Thus, the laser-induced microgrooves have the potential to be used clinically in TKR components.
Reports on the topic "Polish folk art"
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Whitehead, Martha, Dale Askey, Donna Bourne-Tyson, et al. ARL/CARL Joint Task Force on Research Data Services: Final Report. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.arlcarlrdstaskforce2021.
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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report presents the task force’s recommendations for the roles of research libraries with regard to research data principles, policies, and approaches to managing research data. The report also offers strategies for discipline-specific research data approaches, priorities for automation of processes, economic models to scale and sustain shared resources, prioritization of research data to steward, and decision-making rubrics.
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Ali, Ibraheem, Thea Atwood, Renata Curty, et al. Research Data Services: Partnerships. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.rdspartnerships2022.
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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services (RDS) formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report of the ARL/CARL RDS task force’s working group on partnerships highlights library RDS programs’ work with partners and stakeholders. The report provides a set of tools for libraries to use when assessing their RDS partnerships, including assessing partnerships using a partnership life cycle, defining the continuum of possible partnerships, and creating a catalog. Not all partnerships will last the entirety of a librarian’s career, and having clear parameters for when to continue or sunset a partnership can reduce ambiguity and free up resources. Recognizing the continuum of possible partnerships can provide the framework by which librarians can understand the nature of each group. From cyclical to seasonal to sporadic, understanding the needs of a type of partnership can help libraries frame their understanding and meet a group where they are. Finally, creating a catalog of partnerships can help libraries see the landscape of the organization, as well as areas for growth. This approach also aligns with OCLC’s 2020 report on Social Interoperability in Research Support: Cross-Campus Partnerships and the University Research Enterprise, which highlights the necessity of building and stewarding partnerships. Developing and providing services in a decentralized organization relies on the ability to build trusted relationships. These tools will help libraries achieve sustainable growth that is in concert with their partners, generating robust, clearly aligned initiatives that benefit all parties, their campuses, and their communities.
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Lustosa Rosario, Ana Carolina, Bar Ben Yaacov, Cecilia Franco Segura, et al. Education Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003828.
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Education Technology has the potential to be a powerful engine for transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean, however the size of the challenge is formidable. The region faces the worst socio-economic crisis in more than a century, is one of the lowest performing education systems globally and has a chronic skills gap. New solutions, new approaches and new thinking is needed now more than ever. Stakeholders in the region see the potential for EdTech to support greater access to education, better experiences and outcomes for learners, and greater efficiency. Interest and investment in EdTech is increasing, with over 1500 EdTech startups across LAC and a six-fold increase in private capital investment in the last year alone. This report combines the strengths of the IDB group and HolonIQ, two organizations passionate about the future of Latin America and the Caribbean with a belief in the power of education to change futures. It is in the spirit of collaboration that this project set out to map EdTech in the LAC region, surface the innovations and impact that EdTech is making, as well as to identify the challenges faced and opportunities for greater impact. The key recommendations in this report are designed to provide policy-makers, education leaders, EdTech entrepreneurs, investors and other stakeholders with information and inspiration to support their initiatives that improve and accelerate education technology for the region, in order to have a materially positive impact on education outcomes in the region.