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1
Šemeta, Mikalojus Kazimieras. Mikalojaus Kazimiero Šemetos "Reliacija". Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1994.
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2
Stankiewicz-Januszczak, Joanna. Marsz śmierci: Ewakuacja więźniów z Mińska do Czerwieni 24-27 czerwca 1941 r. Oficyna Wydawn. Volumen, 1999.
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3
After the deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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4
Surwiło, Jerzy. Rachunki nie zamknięte: Wileńskie ślady na drogach cierpień. "Magazyn Wileński", 1992.
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5
Michalewska, Teresa. Pan Olek: Historia Aleksandra Kalińskiego zesłańca z Wileńszczyzny na zachodnią Syberię, a po wojnie przesiedleńca na Ziemie Zachodnie. Dekorgraf, 2007.
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6
Michalewska, Teresa. Pan Olek: Historia Aleksandra Kalińskiego zesłańca z Wileńszczyzny na zachodnią Syberię, a po wojnie przesiedleńca na Ziemie Zachodnie. Dekorgraf, 2007.
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7
Paczoska, Alicja. Dzieci Jałty: Exodus ludności polskiej z wileńszczyzny w latach 1944-1947. Adam Marszałek, 2003.
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8
Paczoska, Alicja. Dzieci Jałty: Exodus ludności polskiej z Wileńszczyzny w latach 1944-1947. Wydawn. Adam Marszałek, 2002.
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9
Dunin, Janusz. Wilna, verlorene Heimat: Jugenderinnerungen eines polnischen Bibliothekars (1936-1945). Laurentius Verlag R. Dehmlow, 1998.
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10
Rogachev, M. B. (Mikhail Borisovich), ed. Deportowani w Komi ASRR. Ośrodek Karta, 2008.
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11
Sakowicz, Kazimierz. Die geheimen Notizen des K. Sakowicz: Dokumente zur Juden Vernichtung in Ponary. Antogo, 2003.
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12
Dziennik pisany w Ponarach od 11 lipca 1941 r. do 6 listopada 1943 r. Tow. Miłośników Wilna i Ziemi Wileńskiej, 1999.
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13
United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred First Congress, second session, meeting with Prime Minister Kazimiera Prunskiene of Lithuania, May 3, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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14
United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred First Congress, second session, meeting with Prime Minister Kazimiera Prunskiene of Lithuanaia, May 3, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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15
Balkelis, Tomas. The Polish–Lithuanian Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668021.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the Polish–Lithuanian War of 1919–20. The war flared in May 1919 when the first open clash took place between Lithuanian and Polish troops. It gradually escalated and lasted until late November 1920 when, in Kaunas, both sides agreed to stop fighting along the demarcation line established by the League of Nations. Yet there was no final peace agreement signed, only a truce. And low-scale paramilitary violence continued unabated in the “neutral zone” along the demarcation line until as late as May 1923. The chapter argues that the war against Poland provided an opportunity for total mobilization of the whole of Lithuanian society. The fact that, during the entire interwar period, the conflict remained open-ended, ensured that the paramilitary structures and military laws that emerged during it would remain in place for much longer.
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Polonsky, Antony. Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 14. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774693.001.0001.
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The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569, covered a wide spectrum of faiths and languages. The nobility, who were the main focus of Polishness, were predominantly Catholic; the peasantry included Catholics, Protestants, and members of the Orthodox faith, while nearly half the urban population, and some 10 per cent of the total population, was Jewish. The partition of Poland at the end of the eighteenth century and the subsequent struggle to regain Polish independence raised the question of what the boundaries of a future state should be, and who qualified as a Pole. The partitioning powers were determined to hold on to the areas they had annexed: Prussia tried to strengthen the German element in Poland; the Habsburgs encouraged the development of a Ukrainian consciousness in Austrian Galicia to act as a counterweight to the dominant Polish nobility; and Russia, while allowing the Kingdom of Poland to enjoy substantial autonomy, treated the remaining areas it had annexed as part of the tsarist monarchy. When Poland became independent after the First World War, more than a third of its population were thus Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, and Lithuanians, many of whom had been influenced by nationalist movements. The core chapters in the book focus especially on the triangular relationship between Poles, Jews, and Germans in western Poland, and between the different national groups in what are today Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. In addition, the New Views section investigates aspects of Jewish life in pre-partition Poland and in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Balkelis, Tomas. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668021.003.0001.
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The introduction sets a thematic and historiographical framework for the study of the continuous military violence in Lithuania from 1914 to 1923, its offshoots social disaster, state failure, revolution, mass mobilizations, paramilitarism, and their impact on nation-making and identity formation during the post-World War I period. It posits a general question: what is the relationship between nation-making and war violence? It provides a brief overview of key events and historical developments in the Lithuanian–Polish borderland from the Great War to the end of the Polish–Lithuanian War and explains the roots of the post-war conflict. It also discusses major historiographical debates on the impact of the Russian revolution and the Great War on the post-World War I order in Eastern Europe and different types of violence that were common to the region.
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J, Girdzijauskas, Lukšaitė Ingė, Samulionis Algis, Jurgelėnaitė Rasa 1960-1997, and Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas (Lietuvos Mokslų akademija), eds. Senoji lietuvos literatūra. Moksloir Enciklopedijų Leidykla, 1992.
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19
J, Girdzijauskas, Lukšaitė Ingė, Samulionis Algis, Jurgelėnaitė Rasa 1960-1997, and Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas (Lietuvos Mokslų akademija), eds. Senosios literatūros žanrai. Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1992.
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20
Polonsky, Antony, ed. Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 11. Liverpool University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774051.001.0001.
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Addressing various aspects of Jewish life and religion, particularly in the last two centuries, this book examines different aspects of the Hasidic tradition; present-day contacts between Bobower Hasidism in New York and Bobowa in Poland; and how a rabbi trained in the Lithuanian tradition adapted to the very different conditions of the United States. The modifications of Jewish religious tradition practiced in the modern pre-war synagogues in Warsaw, Lódz, and Lwów are considered, as is the attempt by Hillel Zeitlyn to re-interpret Jewish tradition in the interwar years.
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Balkelis, Tomas. Two Visions of Lithuania. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668021.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the initial conjunction and subsequent disentanglement of social and nationalist revolutions in Lithuania by focusing on the impact that war and various mobilizations had on the local population in 1918–19. Despite the explosion of social and nationalist unrest all over the country in late 1918, in a matter of several months the Bolsheviks lost their case. The key reasons for their failure were their military defeat by German, Lithuanian, and Polish troops, but also economic mismanagement, the refusal to distribute land to peasants, and an inability to present their revolution as “native.” Following the Leninist doctrine of “proletarian revolution” that relegated peasantry to a secondary position, the Bolsheviks failed to forge an alliance with the largest population group of Lithuanian society, which resulted in their downfall.
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Balkelis, Tomas. State Failure, Social Disaster, and Refugee Politics During the Great War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668021.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the transformative effect that the outbreak of the Great War and German occupation had on the civilians in Lithuania. It traces the early war experience of local Catholic and Lutheran Lithuanian peasants and Jews. The focus here is on their emotional responses to war and everyday strategies of survival in the context of various German occupation policies. The experiences of locally mobilized conscripts are also discussed to track down their personal transformations from civilians into soldiers, as well as the massive displacement of war refugees and the emergence of refugee relief networks. The chapter argues that the German policy to introduce ethnic markers among the multi-ethnic population of Lithuania as a means of more efficient colonial control led to its nationalization and the increase of social and ethnic tensions.
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Roșu, Felicia. Choosing to Elect. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789376.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 introduces the Transylvanian and Polish-Lithuanian stories chronologically. The Transylvanian part gives an overview of Hungary’s medieval institutions and Transylvania’s separation from the rest of Hungary after 1526, and examines in more detail the period preceding the election of Stephen Báthory as ruler of Transylvania in 1571. The Polish-Lithuanian narrative introduces elective monarchy under the Jagiellons (1385–1572) and then examines the first interregnum (1572–3), which resulted in the election of Henry Valois. The second interregnum (1574–6) is presented in more detail, because it brought together Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania in the person of Stephen Báthory and also because it was not inevitable: Henry’s abandonment of the throne in 1574 put the estates in the delicate position of having to withdraw their allegiance to him and organize a new election, a difficult decision they hesitated to make. The conclusions explore the connection between liberty and security during interregna.
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Yaniv, Bracha. The Carved Wooden Torah Arks of Eastern Europe. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764371.001.0001.
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The carved wooden Torah arks found in eastern Europe from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries were magnificent structures, unparalleled in their beauty and mystical significance. The work of Jewish artisans, they dominated the synagogues of numerous towns both large and small throughout the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, inspiring worshippers with their monumental scale and intricate motifs. Virtually none of these pieces survived the devastation of the two world wars. This book breathes new life into a lost genre, making it accessible to scholars and students of Jewish art, Jewish heritage, and religious art more generally. Making use of hundreds of pre-war photographs housed in local archives, the author develops a vivid portrait of the history and artistic development of these arks. Analysis of the historical context in which these arks emerged includes a broad survey of the traditions that characterized the local workshops of Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. The author provides a detailed analysis of the motifs carved into the Torah arks and explains their mystical significance, among them representations of Temple imagery and messianic themes — and even daring visual metaphors for God. Fourteen arks are discussed in particular detail, with full supporting documentation; appendices relating to the inscriptions on the arks and to the artisans' names will further facilitate future research. The book throws new light on long-forgotten traditions of Jewish craftsmanship and religious understanding.
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Alexandrowicz, C. H. Paulus Vladimiri and the Development of the Doctrine of Coexistence of Christian and Non-Christian Countries (1963). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198766070.003.0003.
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The problem of relations between Christian and non-Christian countries was the subject of a protracted public controversy at the Council of Constance (1414–18), when the conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order (Ordo Cruciferorum) over Poland’s relations with the pagan communities of Lithuania came up for consideration. This conflict would not by itself justify the special attention of historians of the law of nations were it not for the defence of Polish–Lithuanian co-operation by a prominent Polish theologian and lawyer, Paulus Vladimiri, who may be considered one of the forerunners of a progressive doctrine on the fundamental legal issue of the coexistence of the Christian world with non-Christian countries. This chapter focuses on the work of Vladimiri, which anticipates significant doctrinal developments in the law of nations (particularly connected with European–Asian relations).
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Roșu, Felicia. Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569-1587. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789376.001.0001.
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This book examines the transformation of elective monarchy in Transylvania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1570s. It does so by focusing on the foundational and experimental character of the first elections of 1571 (Transylvania) and 1573 and 1575–6 (Poland-Lithuania). In this period, the two polities adopted constitutions based on the same fundamental principles: elective thrones, state-sanctioned religious pluralism, and legal guarantees for the right of disobedience. Despite the important differences between them, Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania had one essential thing in common: they were the only two polities in early modern Europe that secured the succession of their rulers through large-scale elections in which the dynastic principle, although still important, was not binding. Apart from chapter 1, which has a chronological approach, the rest of the book thematically follows the development of an election: from voter inclinations and campaigning strategies, to voting procedures, to the contracts between voters and their chosen candidates, to the authority of the newly elected rulers. The conclusion examines the two elective systems from a more theoretical perspective. It argues that mixed government was accompanied by a mixed language that combined attachment to virtue, liberty, and self-government with a pragmatism that became particularly visible during interregna and elections. The constituents of Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania acted, talked, and saw themselves as both citizens and subjects of the rulers they elected. The phenomenon was not a contradiction but the logical consequence of a system in which those who were ruled were periodically called to rule themselves.
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Teller, Adam. Rescue the Surviving Souls. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161747.001.0001.
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A refugee crisis of huge proportions erupted as a result of the mid-seventeenth-century wars in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Tens of thousands of Jews fled their homes, or were captured and trafficked across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. This is the first book to examine this horrific moment of displacement and flight, and to assess its social, economic, religious, cultural, and psychological consequences. The book traces the entire course of the crisis, shedding fresh light on the refugee experience and the various relief strategies developed by the major Jewish centers of the day. It pays particular attention to those thousands of Jews sent for sale on the slave markets of Istanbul and the extensive transregional Jewish economic network that coalesced to ransom them. It also explores how Jewish communities rallied to support the refugees in central and western Europe, as well as in Poland–Lithuania, doing everything possible to help them overcome their traumatic experiences and rebuild their lives. The book offers an intimate study of an international refugee crisis, from outbreak to resolution, which is profoundly relevant today.
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Fazan, Katarzyna, Michal Kobialka, and Bryce Lease, eds. A History of Polish Theatre. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108619028.
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Poland is celebrated internationally for its rich and varied performance traditions and theatre histories. This groundbreaking volume is the first in English to engage with these topics across an ambitious scope, incorporating Staropolska, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Enlightenment and Romanticism within its broad ambit. The book also discusses theatre cultures under socialism, the emergence of canonical practitioners and training methods, the development of dramaturgical forms and stage aesthetics and the political transformations attending the ends of the First and Second World Wars. Subjects of far-reaching transnational attention such as Jerzy Grotowski and Tadeusz Kantor are contextualised alongside theatre makers and practices that have gone largely unrecognized by international readers, while the participation of ethnic minorities in the production of national culture is given fresh attention. The essays in this collection theorise broad historical trends, movements, and case studies that extend the discursive limits of Polish national and cultural identity.
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After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 16551660 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History). Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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30
Davies, Brian. Military Engineers and the Rise of Imperial Russia. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781845861209.003.0009.
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Before 1690 the Muscovite state was handicapped by its lack of knowledge of western engineering techniques and especially of mathematics and geometry. From the time of Peter the Great it moved rapidly to close the gap with the appointment of experienced foreign engineers, translation work, and the establishment of military academies. Originally lagging behind their Polish-Lithuanian enemies in gunnery and cartography, the Russians had by the eighteenth century introduced a new technical vocabulary into Russian and established good schools of navigation, gunnery, cartography and artillery.
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Hundert, Gershon David, ed. Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 10. Liverpool University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774310.001.0001.
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Jewish society in Poland–Lithuania in the second half of the eighteenth century was by no means insular: Jews numbered about 750,000, and comprised about half the urban population of the country. The contact between Jews and the wider Polish society found expression in the languages Jews knew, in their marriage patterns, even in their synagogue architecture and decoration, but also in Polish accusations of Jewish ritual murder. All these aspects are here systematically reviewed. Internal factors influencing developments within Jewish society are discussed: treatments of the medieval rabbinic ban on polygamy, as well as various influences of the growing interest in kabbalah — its impact on synagogue structure, on prayer, and on the spiritual world of women. The growth of hasidism is considered through critical analysis of the legends about its founder, Israel Ba'al Shem Tov. This wealth of topics helps to fill the gaps in our understanding of Jewish life in this important period. The New Views section of the volume incorporates valuable studies on other topics.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.abs.2021.1.
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The book contains abstracts submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (Russian Federation), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain), Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Economics and Management (Czech Republic), University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Economic Informatics (Slovakia), University of Entrepreneurship and Law (Czech Republic), University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication (Slovakia), VilniusTech University, Faculty of Business Management (Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management (Lithuania). European Regional Science Association. Polish Section, Slovak Society for Operations Research were scientific institutional partners of the conference. The conference was especially addressed to economist from all European Union countries and Eastern Europe. Main conference tracks included: a) economics and finance b) quantitative methods d) entrepreneurship and management.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Finance. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.2.
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The book contains papers in finance submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (Russian Federation), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain), Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Economics and Management (Czech Republic), University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Economic Informatics (Slovakia), University of Entrepreneurship and Law (Czech Republic), University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication (Slovakia), VilniusTech University, Faculty of Business Management (Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management (Lithuania). European Regional Science Association. Polish Section, Slovak Society for Operations Research were scientific institutional partners of the conference. The conference was especially addressed to economist from all European Union countries and Eastern Europe. Main conference tracks included: (1) economics, (2) finance, (3) quantitative methods, (4) entrepreneurship and management.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Entrepreneurship and Management. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.3.
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The book contains papers in entrepreneurship and management submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (Russian Federation), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain), Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Economics and Management (Czech Republic), University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Economic Informatics (Slovakia), University of Entrepreneurship and Law (Czech Republic), University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication (Slovakia), VilniusTech University, Faculty of Business Management (Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management (Lithuania). European Regional Science Association. Polish Section, Slovak Society for Operations Research were scientific institutional partners of the conference. The conference was especially addressed to economist from all European Union countries and Eastern Europe. Main conference tracks included: (1) economics, (2) finance, (3) quantitative methods, (4) entrepreneurship and management.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Michał Bernard Pietrzak, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Quantitative Methods. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.4.
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The book contains papers in quantitative methods submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (Russian Federation), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain), Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Economics and Management (Czech Republic), University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Economic Informatics (Slovakia), University of Entrepreneurship and Law (Czech Republic), University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication (Slovakia), VilniusTech University, Faculty of Business Management (Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management (Lithuania). European Regional Science Association. Polish Section, Slovak Society for Operations Research were scientific institutional partners of the conference. The conference was especially addressed to economist from all European Union countries and Eastern Europe. Main conference tracks included: (1) economics, (2) finance, (3) quantitative methods, (4) entrepreneurship and management.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Economics. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.1.
Full textAbstract:
The book contains papers in economics submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (Russian Federation), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain), Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Economics and Management (Czech Republic), University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Economic Informatics (Slovakia), University of Entrepreneurship and Law (Czech Republic), University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication (Slovakia), VilniusTech University, Faculty of Business Management (Lithuania), Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management (Lithuania). European Regional Science Association. Polish Section, Slovak Society for Operations Research were scientific institutional partners of the conference. The conference was especially addressed to economist from all European Union countries and Eastern Europe. Main conference tracks included: (1) economics, (2) finance, (3) quantitative methods, (4) entrepreneurship and management.
37
Polonsky, Antony. Jews in Poland and Russia: A Short History. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764395.001.0001.
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For many centuries Poland and Russia formed the heartland of the Jewish world: right up to the Second World War, the area was home to over 40 per cent of the world's Jews. Yet the history of their Jewish communities is not well known. This book recreates this lost world, beginning with Jewish economic, cultural and religious life, including the emergence of hasidism. By the late eighteenth century, other factors had come into play: with the onset of modernization there were government attempts to integrate and transform the Jews, and the stirrings of Enlightenment led to the growth of the Haskalah movement. The book looks at developments in each area in turn: the problems of emancipation, acculturation, and assimilation in Prussian and Austrian Poland; the politics of integration in the Kingdom of Poland; and the failure of forced integration in the tsarist empire. It shows how the deterioration in the position of the Jews between 1881 and 1914 encouraged a range of new movements as well as the emergence of modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature. It also examines Jewish urbanization and the rise of Jewish mass culture. The final part, starting from the First World War and the establishment of the Soviet Union, looks in turn at Poland, Lithuania, and the Soviet Union up to the Second World War. It reviews Polish–Jewish relations during the war and examines the Soviet record in relation to the Holocaust. The final chapters deal with the Jews in the Soviet Union and in Poland since 1945, concluding with an epilogue on the Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia since the collapse of communism.
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Wodzinski, Marcin. Hasidism and Politics. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113737.001.0001.
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Analysing the political relations between the Kingdom of Poland and the hasidic movement, this book examines plans formulated by the government and by groups close to government circles regarding hasidim, and describes how a hasidic body politic developed in response. The book demonstrates that the rise of Hasidism was an important factor in shaping the Jewish policy of both central and provincial authorities and shows how the creation of socio-political conditions that were advantageous to the hasidic movement accelerated its growth. While concentrating on the dynamic that developed in the Kingdom of Poland, the discussion is informed by a consideration of the relationship between the state and the hasidic movement from its inception in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that, whereas most analyses of political culture concentrate on states and societies with well-established electoral systems of representation, the book focuses on the under-researched area of political relations between a non-democratic state and a low-status community lacking authorized representation. Applying concepts more often associated with cultural history, the analysis draws a distinction between the terms of reference of high-level political debate and the actual implementation of policy middle- and low-level officials. Similarly, in analysing hasidic responses, the book differentiates between high-level hasidic representations in the state and the grassroots politics of the community. This combination enables a broad contextualization of the whole subject, integrating the social and cultural history of Polish Jewry with that of Polish society in general.
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Wodziński, Marcin. Geography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the borders of Hasidism, showing its halt on the Polish–German and Lithuanian–German border and factors responsible for this halt. This was unfavorable to Hasidism professional and social structure, language barrier, and, most importantly, the pressure of the autostereotype of anti-Hasidic, German–Jewish culture. The chapter also analyzes the basis of the popular image of Hasidism’s regional divisions, showing their essential dependence on nineteenth-century political divisions. It also traces patterns of interrelation between Hasidic groups’ types of spatial organization as well as their types of spirituality and leadership, demonstrating a correlation between the type of spatial organization of the group and the type of leadership and spirituality of a given group.
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Hearne, Siobhán. Policing Prostitution. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837916.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Policing Prostitution examines the complex world of commercial sex in the final two decades of the Russian Empire before its collapse in 1917. From the 1840s until 1917, prostitution was legally tolerated across the Empire under a system known as regulation. Medical-police were in charge of compiling information about registered prostitutes and ensuring that they followed the strict rules prescribed by the imperial state governing their visibility and behaviour. The vast majority of women who sold sex hailed from the lower classes, as did their managers and clients. Official interest in prostitution generated a mass of documentation, which allows us to glimpse the lives and challenges of various groups of the Empire’s urban lower classes, including women who sold sex, their clients, brothel madams, police, and wider urban communities. In the late imperial period, prostitution was not just an urban ‘problem’ to be controlled and contained, but also a lucrative commodity due to the formal and informal financial relationships forged between brothel madams, registered prostitutes, and the police. This study is a social history of prostitution, drawing on archival material from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. It focuses on how regulation was implemented, experienced, and resisted in various urban centres in the northwest of the Russian Empire, and how everyday experiences of regulation varied widely from place to place. In principle, the tsarist state regulated prostitution in the name of public order and public health; in practice, that regulation was both modulated by provincial police forces who had different local priorities, resources, and strategies, and contested by registered prostitutes, brothel madams, and others who interacted with the world of commercial sex.