Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polish Medals'

Denna studie syftar till att ta reda på vilken form av gestaltning som är vanligast i de fyra största svenska tidningarna, Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet, när det handlar om fenomenet villkorstrappan. Studien grundar sig i en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av ett avgränsat dataurval. Den tidsperiod som undersökts är mellan 2019-04- 18 och ett år framåt till 2020-04-18. Sammanlagt 112 artiklar. Studien utgår teoretiskt från gestaltningsteorin, där inspiration hittats hos bland annat Holli A. Semetko & Patti M. Valkenburg, men även hos Jesper Strömbäck. Uppsatsen undersöker mediernas rapportering om supportrarnas respektive polisens roll i debatten om villkorstrappan, och även vilken typ av gestaltning artiklarna är uppbyggda av. Dessa gestaltningstyper är konfliktgestaltning, human interest-gestaltning, ekonomisk konsekvensgestaltning, moralgestaltning och ansvarsgestaltning. Därutöver syftar denna studie till att ta reda på om det finns några mönster i tidningarnas rapportering kring de två parterna i debatten om villkorstrappan, exempelvis om en viss tidning är mer supportervänligt inställd eller tvärtom. Studien visar att tidningarna framställer polisen på ett distinkt mer negativt sätt än de framställer supportrarna överlag, allra tydligast i det fallet var Expressen. Den vanligaste gestaltningstypen var konfliktgestaltning. Den vanligast förekommande huvudaktören i texterna var klubbrepresentanten.

The rapid growth of social media platforms coupled with the technological savviness of juveniles has led to their delinquent behavior involving social media. Researchers should investigate this phenomenon in order to establish its extent and to minimize the harmful effects this behavior may have. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate and explore potential connections between social media and delinquent acts committed by juvenile offenders through the use of police officers' perceptions of those types of acts. The primary research question focused on determining what the perceptions and experiences of police officers in a southeastern state were relative to the phenomenon and relating policies. The conceptual framework focused on policy analysis through the use of police perceptions relating to social media and juvenile delinquency, with deterrence theory serving as a guide. Ten of 50 officers responded to an anonymous online open-ended questionnaire, and the data- were analyzed both inductively and through coded outlines to look for patterns regarding types of delinquency, perceptions of deterrence in present policies and perceived efficacy of educational programs. One hundred percent of the officers responding indicated first-hand experience with cases involving the phenomenon and believed all parts of deterrence theory were lacking in each of the present policies, in general, in order to effectively deter this behavior. Positive social change can be effectuated through creating or further implementing penalties at each level of public policy and ensuring sufficient educational programs exist to inform juveniles of the possible ramifications of these acts. These measures could lead to decreased rates of juvenile delinquency and victimization relative to this phenomenon.

The media can arguably be seen to have an important part in how the public view the police. A negative presentation is seen to have several grave consequences and is argued to influence the public’s confidence in the police's legitimacy. The police in Malmö have during the last decade received much attention and media coverage because of their severe issues with criminality and violence. The aim of this thesis was partly to examine how the police in Malmö is presented in printed news and what the consequences of this might be, but also to examine if the presentation of the police changed since the reorganisation of the police force in Sweden. The method used to achieve this was a thematic analysis which was used on 193 articles from three newspapers. This included a search for themes which were later compiled into measurable figures so an examination of potential trends over the covered period, the 1st of January in 2013 to the 31st December in 2016, was possible. The results showed that 71 articles were positive, 112 articles were negative and 10 articles were neutral or ambiguous. Thus, there were 41 more negative articles than positive which shows that there is a more negative presentation of the police. When examining the trends over time it showed that a change in the presentation occurs the year that the reorganisation of the police force takes effect, however, the change differs between the newspapers.

Sammanfattning I tidningar kan man läsa att polisens dödsskjutningar har ökat markant de senaste åren i Sverige. Tidigare har studier ämnats granska hur polisen gestaltas i media och hur lagstiftningen kring polisens rätt att använda våld ser ut. Syftet med denna studie är att få kännedom om hur det skrivs om polisens dödsskjutningar i media. Som bakgrundsinformation presenteras bland annat alla sjutton polisiära dödsskjutningar som skett under 2000-talet samt delar av polislagen och nödvärnsrätten. Frågeställningen för denna studie är följande: Hur skrivs det om polisens dödsskjutningar i två dagstidningar och två kvällstidningar under 2000-talet? Med hjälp av Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och hans tredimensionella modell har 43 tidningsartiklar, som behandlar polisens dödsskjutningar, analyserats. Materialet till denna totalundersökning togs fram ur artikeldatabasen Mediearkivet. Studien avgränsades till två stora svenska dagstidningarna och två stora svenska kvällstidningarna; Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet och Expressen. Den teoretiska referensram som användes för denna studie var Berger och Luckmanns teori om socialkonstruktivism, Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys. Resultatet av denna studie visar att följande diskurser fanns i tidningsartiklarna; nödvärn, polisens beväpning och psykiskt sjuka. Dessa tre diskurser belyses med flera citat och mina egna reflektioner för att analysera hur tidningarna skriver om polisens dödsskjutningar.

After the kidnapping and murder of his son Adam in 1981, John Walsh dedicated his life to advocating for missing children. He became the forerunner of a movement to change the laws of the country so that no parent or child would have to suffer through the same events his family endured. The media frenzy surrounding the case, as well as John Walsh’s efforts to make child endangerment and missing children a national issue, helped influence and alter the way the public views the issues of child safety, child kidnapping, and the offenders that harm these children. This research analyzed newspaper articles involving the Adam Walsh murder, and examined rhetorical patterns based on ideas of the social construction of reality, folk devils and moral panics. This research revealed five rhetorical themes the media used when discussing the Adam Walsh case: vulnerability of the victim, description of the offender and crime, transformation of John Walsh, America’s lost childhood innocence and the evolution of the criminal justice system. Results showed repeated pattern of descriptive language emphasizing Adam’s age for innocence and vulnerability, a distinct evolution of John Walsh as a moral entrepreneur and an overall loss of innocence and safety felt amongst parents and children.

This research revealed that the legislation developed and passed has been influenced by fear pervasive in society, rather than criminal data. The findings suggests that federal legislation needs to be modified so that there is less invasion into the lives of nonviolent offenders that are less likely to recidivate.

The purpose of this study is to examine Russia's foreign and security policy towards Sweden, as bordering practices, in the state-controlled media's international news reporting on gender equality. To achieve this goal the following two questions were formulated: 1) which narratives about gender equality can be read from English-language news articles about Sweden from the Russian state-controlled news company Sputnik News? and 2) in what ways do these narratives function as bordering practices? Utilizing critical border theory and both narrative analysis and strategic narrative analysis this study's results confirm previous research in several ways. The identified narratives have a predominant majority of negative angles to Sweden's disadvantage and there is use of ridiculing language with the intent to diminish Sweden's international position. I have been able to distinguish four main narratives that all touches upon gender equality in some way. These narratives,1) a polarized Sweden, a country in free fall, 2) extreme gender equality /feminism, 3) gender equality as a mirage, and 4) an elite that pursues an extreme agenda, are created by Sputnik by "harvesting" domestic media and then translating and repackaging the content to portray a negative image of Sweden. These narrative themes function in a normative way by highlighting the unusual and that which stands out, and through performative repetition, these foreign policy motivated narratives acts as bordering practices that constantly produce and reproduce the nations' borders, identity and sovereignty. This study concludes that the strategic narratives on gender equality in the Russian state-controlled media identified in this study function as a weapon in Russia's political war towards Sweden.

2021-06-02

Esta tesis doctoral analiza el caso de la regulación del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación a nivel de las instituciones de la Unión Europea. El objetivo principal es examinar si hay una evolución en el cambio de políticas de medios de la UE desde la estricta regulación gubernamental a un enfoque de gobernanza suave con respecto a la protección del pluralismo desde el 2000 hasta el 2014. En la primera parte se desarrolla el marco teórico, basado en dos conceptos teóricos: el pluralismo de los medios y la gobernanza suave. En este sentido, este estudio argumenta que el pluralismo de los medios de comunicación se puede proteger mejor si la regulación gubernamental a nivel de los Estados Miembros se complementa con medidas de regulación suave en el ámbito de la UE, teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias de la limitación de competencias de la Comisión Europea. En la segunda parte se analizan las acciones de política de medios de comunicación a nivel de la UE. Aquí se hace una distinción entre las acciones políticas e iniciativas para la protección del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación avanzadas por las instituciones de la UE como el Parlamento Europeo, El Consejo de Europa, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y los de la Comisión Europea. Las iniciativas gubernamentales, estrategias y argumentos y la regulación suave hacia la protección del pluralismo de medios, procedentes de todos los actores de la política de medios se discuten. De este modo, se puede evaluar si la Comisión Europea se aleja más del tema del pluralismo de medios o cierra la brecha hacia las iniciativas de los Estados Miembros para complementar estas iniciativas con iniciativas de la regulación suave a nivel de la UE.
This PhD dissertation analyses the case of the regulation of media pluralism at the European Union’s institutions level. The main objective is to examine if there is an evolution on the EU media policy change from strict-government regulation to a soft-governance approach regarding the protection of pluralism from 2000 to 2014. In the first part the theoretical framework is developed, based on two theoretical concepts: media pluralism and soft-governance. In this regard, this study argues that media pluralism can be better protected if the statutory governance at national level of Member States is complemented with soft-regulatory measures at the EU level, considering the circumstances of the European Commission limitation of competences. In the second part are analyzed the media policy actions at the EU level. A distinction is made here between the policy actions and initiatives for the protection of media pluralism advanced by the EU institutions like European Parliament, the Council of Europe, civil society organizations and the ones of the European Commission. The hard-regulatory initiatives, strategies and arguments and soft-regulatory ones towards the protection of media pluralism, coming from all the media policy actors, are discussed. In this way, it can be assessed if the European Commission is distancing further more from the subject of media pluralism or is bridging the gap towards the initiatives of the Member States to complement these initiatives with soft-regulatory initiatives at the EU level.

The thesis provides a systematic understanding of the media-government relationship in the conduct of foreign policy and a rigorous approach of the media's role and impact on decision - making processes. It particularly covers a deficiency in the existing literature, with regard to the media's potential to Influence decision outcomes and cause policy changes. The thesis is a theory-based investigation while a case study is employed for illustration purposes. The thesis approaches the media within the context of an interaction with the government that reflects a complex interconnection of the media and politicians' decisions and is here explored with the employment of rational choice and game theory. The thesis develops a game - theoretic model, which identifies the media as a purposeful actor rather than a mere instrument in the hands of politicians; and provides a rigorous interpretation of the media - government relationship as one between two profit - maximising actors. It examines the payoffs and costs entailed in their decisions within this interaction, and concentrates on the potential influence that media decisions have on the government's payoffs. In this model, the media influence is conceptuallsed as an outcome of their ability to frame information according to their self-interests, which are tied to their organisational structure and lead to the production of audience - driven news stories. With the introduction of framing theory the thesis demonstrates the power inherent in the media's content to affect the recipient's perception of a given situation; and with the aid of prospect theory, it incorporates media frames into the decision-making process and exhibits their potential implications on perceptions of the risk entailed in political decision - making. The model develops a strategic cause - effect relationship between media frames and governmental decisions that is applied to and tested through the press coverage of two Greek - Turkish territorial crises. The investigation of the two events within the game - theoretic framework draws upon the media's power to create conditions of domestic/national cost for the government that can trigger apparently irrational and risky decisions. The findings suggest a strategic media impact on decision making processes and highlight the media's role as an actor plausible to affect decision outcomes and cause policy changes independent of the policy at hand.

El contenido móvil es la gran novedad del universo digital en el siglo XXI. El desarrollo de redes y terminales ha impulsado la conectividad ubicua en amplísimos sectores de la población a escala global, pero su gran impulso ha provenido de la aparición de ecosistemas complejos de contenidos y aplicaciones promovidos por plataformas tecnológicas. En este trabajo se ha analizado la actividad de los integrantes de la cadena de valor del contenido móvil (creadores de contenidos, proveedores de terminales, gestores de redes, proveedores de sistemas operativos, reguladores, usuarios y sector publicitario). Asimismo, se han estudiado los principales factores de disrupción del ecosistema (Apple y Google; 'App Store'; medios sociales; 'cloud computing'; y neutralidad de la red). La investigación concluye afirmando la especificidad del contenido móvil y señala a los datos del usuario en movilidad como el nuevo gran vector de creación de valor asociado al contenido en un fut uro próximo.
Mobile content is digital universe's biggest news in the 21st Century. The development of networks and devices has fuelled ubiquitous connectivity globally among wide segments of population. However, its big impulse has come from the rise of complex content and applications ecosystems, lead by technological platforms. In this work, activity of value chain players (content creators, terminal suppliers, network managers, operating systems suppliers, regulators, users and advertising sector) within mobile content is analysed. Furthermore, main disruption factors of the ecosystem (Apple and Google; the App store phenomenon; social media; cloud computing; and network neutrality) are studied. This research concludes asserting the specificity of mobile content and foresees user data in mobility as the next big value creation vector linked to content for the next future.

Orientador: Fernanda de Oliveira Sarreta
Resumo: O Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) é um tratamento especializado, realizado em centros de alta complexidade, como uma alternativa no controle de algumas doenças oncohematológicas. Esse procedimento proporciona um controle da doença, porém o risco de morte e complicações são constantes durante a realização do transplante. A vivência dos usuários nesse processo provoca diversos impactos na qualidade de vida, o que evidencia a relevância do estudo, uma vez que pode ampliar a compreensão desta realidade vivenciada pelos/as usuários/as. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral: Compreender o Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) como um direito no SUS, sendo o acesso à saúde garantido a todo cidadão e de quem dela necessitar, o que inclui procedimentos de alta complexidade como o TMO. E, como os específicos: Analisar a política de saúde no contexto do neoliberalismo; Desvendar o acesso e o tratamento ao TMO no Brasil e; Refletir a atuação profissional do Serviço Social com os usuários no TMO. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, respaldada pelo método do materialismo histórico dialético, para o desenvolvimento referencial teórico crítico, a historicidade da política de saúde e do Transplante de Medula Óssea, como um direito no Sistema Único de Saúde. O estudo desvenda as fases do TMO e as implicações deste procedimento na vida dos usuários submetidos ao tratamento, como o longo período de internação e de permanência, rotina ambulatorial, restrições, m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a specialized treatment performed in high complexity centers, as an alternative in the control of some oncohematological diseases. This procedure provides disease control, but the risk of death and complications are constant during transplantation. The experience of users in this process causes several impacts on quality of life, which highlights the relevance of the study, since it can broaden the understanding of this reality experienced by users. The research aims to: Understand Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) as a right in the SUS, and access to health is guaranteed to all citizens and those who need it, including high complexity procedures such as BMT. And, as specific: Analyze health policy in the context of neoliberalism; Unveil the access and treatment to BMT in Brazil and; Reflect the professional performance of Social Work with users in the BMT. This is a bibliographic and documentary research with a qualitative approach, supported by the dialectical historical materialism method, for the critical theoretical referential development, the historicity of health policy and Bone Marrow Transplantation, as a right in the Unified Health System. Reveals the phases of the BMT and the implications of this procedure on the life of the users submitted to the treatment, such as the long period of hospitalization and permanence, outpatient routine, restrictions, changes, fragility conditions and limitations, as well as sequelae and permanent care. Th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

La diversité des accords bilatéraux a constitué un moyen pour l'Union européenne d'étendre ses compétences externes. Cela rend compte du volontarisme mais surtout du pragmatisme de son action extérieure, ce qui n'est pas sans poser de problèmes.La mise en cohérence des accords bilatéraux devient alors une exigence impérieuse. Cette rationalisation des accords devra être confortée par un schéma institutionnel rénové autant que par la reformulation synthétique des fondements juridiques de la compétence externe de l'Union européenne
The different bilateral agreement is a tool for the European Union to wide its external competences. This illustrates it voluntarism but even more it pragmatism of it external action, what is not without raise problems.The harmonization of bilateral agreements is a very strong need. This rationalization should be hold by an institutional scheme and by a reformulation of legal basis

Este estudo parte de um problema concreto: as políticas adotadas pelo Estado de São Paulo para modernizar a educação via tecnologias digitais. Seu objetivo é analisar como as tecnologias são representadas por quatro campos sociais: Poder Público, empresas, mídias e universidades. A intenção é averiguar se os valores promovidos por estes campos constituem um ambiente favorável ao processo de valorização, adoção e uso das tecnologias na educação. Tal processo recebe o nome de moderna socialização escolar, recurso retórico cuja validade é testada pelo estudo a partir de dois pressupostos centrais: (1) o de que existe uma sinergia entre estes campos na construção e na divulgação do repertório relacionado à moderna socialização escolar; (2) o de que esta zona de convergência ou ambiência comum formada pelo compartilhamento de valores incide em um campo da educação poroso, que acolheria tais contribuições, aderindo à modernização de forma incontestável ou mesmo natural. As perguntas que movem a pesquisa são: como se explicaria a valorização dos usos das tecnologias nas escolas? Seriam as empresas em busca de maior rentabilidade em seus negócios? Seriam os educadores e as escolas buscando a atualização de seus currículos? Seriam os governantes no afã de se adequarem ao estilo de um novo tempo? Quais valores e posicionamentos institucionais são veiculados sobre a moderna socialização escolar? Quem são seus porta-vozes? Quais instituições e posições na sociedade eles representam? A teoria da socialização é o alicerce fundante da pesquisa, que também tem como aportes centrais a teoria dos campos e as noções relacionadas ao conceito de cibercultura, incluindo a perspectiva de modernidade. A partir deste arcabouço teórico, mapeiam-se os elementos discursivos dos campos do Poder Público, empresarial, da mídia e da Academia a partir da análise de registros documentais publicados no site da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo; nos relatórios corporativos da empresa Microsoft; nos jornais Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo; e em revistas acadêmicas das áreas do conhecimento Educação e Comunicação. O resultado é um olhar para as representações sobre a moderna socialização escolar, que pode desvelar a plataforma estruturante deste esquema e a partir do qual é possível visualizar: (1) os repertórios e valores de cada campo relacionados ao processo de modernização educacional; e (2) a alquimia das dinâmicas entre agentes e instituições (e campos) anunciando a lógica de construção da crença na modernização da educação via tecnologias digitais.
The starting point for this study is a concrete matter: the policies adopted by the State of São Paulo to overhaul education through technologies. Its goal is to analyze how technologies are represented by four social fields: public authorities, corporations, the media and universities. The intent is to ascertain whether values promoted by these fields provide a favorable environment to the process of valorization, adoption and employment of technologies in education. Such process is known as modern school socialization, a rhetorical resource whose validity is examined by this study with base on two core assumptions: (1) there is a synergy between these fields in the construction and spreading of the repertoire related to modern school socialization; (2) this convergence zone or common environment generated by shared values represents a pervious education field, which admits such contributions and embraces modernization in an undeniable or even natural manner. The questions that guide this research are: how to explain the valorization of the use of technologies in schools? Would it be related to the corporate quest for profitability? Would it be an effort by educators and schools to update their curriculums? Would it be an attempt by the government to catch up with the style of a new era? Which values and institutional approaches are transmitted as far as the modern school socialization is concerned? Who are their spokespeople? Which institutions and society positions do they represent? The theory of socialization is the foundation for this research, which also finds crucial support on the field theory and the ideas related to the concept of cyberculture, including the perspective of modernity. This theoretical framework is followed by the mapping of the discursive elements in the fields of public authorities, corporations, the media and the academia through the analysis of documented records published on the Education Department of the State of São Paulo website; corporate reports by the Microsoft company; newspapers Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo; and academic publications in the areas of Education and Communication. The result is a glance at the representations regarding modern school socialization, which may unveil the structuring platform for this scheme, from which it is possible to identify (1) the repertories and values for each field related to the process of education modernization; and (2) the alchemy in the dynamics between agents and institutions (and fields), heralding the construction logic for the belief in the overhauling of education through digital technologies.

O espaço urbano é o meio que possibilita o desenvolvimento das atividades, relações e manifestações humanas. É produzido a partir das intervenções de diferentes agentes e reflete os problemas existentes na sociedade. Em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, a questão habitacional é, hoje, uma das facetas mais complexas e desafiadoras a serem enfrentadas nas cidades, em especial pelo Estado. O Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), lançado em 2009, é atualmente o principal instrumento da política federal voltado à produção habitacional e se propõe a reduzir o déficit habitacional brasileiro a partir da construção de cerca de três milhões de novas moradias. O trabalho discute a produção do espaço urbano a partir da habitação produzida pelo PMCMV. Buscou-se analisar a distribuição territorial dos empreendimentos enquadrados no Programa e a atuação dos agentes envolvidos nesse processo. Para tanto, foram coletadas informações referentes aos empreendimentos contratados no âmbito do PMCMV entre os anos 2009-2013 no município de Gravataí e na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA), nas três faixas de renda atendidas pelo Programa. Como estudo de caso foi utilizado o município de Gravataí, cidade de porte médio, localizada na RMPA, que, como tantas outras cidades brasileiras, apresenta graves problemas habitacionais. Devido a sua inserção no contexto metropolitano e a influência do mesmo sobre o município, buscou-se avaliar os efeitos do Programa também nesta escala. Os empreendimentos foram georeferenciados e analisados em relação a sua localização na mancha urbana. Realizou-se um mapeamento dos principais agentes envolvidos no processo de produção do PMCMV, com o levantamento e a análise das construtoras que tiveram empreendimentos contratados no âmbito do Programa. Verificou-se ainda, na escala local, a adequação dos empreendimentos à legislação urbana de Gravataí e a atuação do Estado neste processo, realizando-se uma investigação qualitativa através de entrevistas com técnicos e gestores municipais. Na escala metropolitana observou-se um número reduzido de municípios atendidos pelo Programa, justaposição de empreendimentos em determinadas áreas urbanas, presença de poucas empresas controlando um maior volume de unidades contratadas, e a tendência a localizar os empreendimentos destinados à menor faixa de renda junto às periferias. Seguindo este mesmo padrão, no município de Gravataí os vazios urbanos centrais são usados para os empreendimentos das faixas de renda mais elevadas, enquanto nos empreendimentos de mais baixa renda verificaram padrões de inserção diferenciados conforme os agentes que os propuseram. Observaram-se também dificuldades de gestão e a fragilidade da legislação urbanística municipal, mostrando-se evidente que a habitação promovida pela política pública do PMCMV, inserida em um contexto de fraca atuação do Estado, tem sido fortemente controlada pelo setor imobiliário.
The urban space is the support that enables the development of activities, relationships and human manifestations. It is produced from the interventions of different agents and reflects the problems in society. In developing countries, like Brazil, housing is today one of the most complex and challenging issues to be faced in the cities, especially by the state government. The Program Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), launched in 2009, is currently the main instrument of federal policy directed at the production of housing stock, and it aims to reduce the housing deficit by building about three million new homes. This research discusses the production of urban spaceby examining the housing projects produced by PMCMV. We sought to analyze the spatial distribution of projects produced by the Programme and the activities of the agents involved in this process. To that end, we collected information regarding developments hired under the PMCMV between the years 2009-2013 in the city of Gravataí and the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (RMPA), targeting the three income groups served by the Programme. As a case study we selected the city of Gravataí, a medium-sized city located in the RMPA, which, like many other Brazilian cities, has presented serious housing issues. Due to its insertion in the metropolitan context and influence upon the municipality, we sought to evaluate the effects of the Programme also at this scale. The projects were georeferenced and analyzed taking in consideration their position in relation to the urban sprawl. A mapping of agents involved in the production process of the PMCMV was carried out through a survey and analysis of the construction companies that were hired under the Programme. We also took in consideration, atthe local scale, the adequacy of all projects to the municipal urban legislation of Gravataí and the state government performance in this process, conducting a qualitative research through interviews with municipal managers and technicians. In the metropolitan scale we observed, among other things, a small number of municipalities covered by the program; juxtaposition of developments in certain urban areas; the presence of a few companies controlling a larger volume of contracted units; and the tendency to locate projects, aimed to the lower income band, along the peripheries. Following this same pattern, in the municipality of Gravataí, the central urban voids are used for projects of higher income brackets, while in the lower bands verified insert patterns differentiated according to the agents who proposed them. We also identified the difficulties and the fragility of the municipal urban legislationin managing the PMCMV, being evident that the housing promoted by this public policy,set in a context of weak state action,has been strongly controlled by the private real estate industry.

The research was conducted as a result of the long standing criticism against undercover operations due to the conduct of informers and agents during these operations. Since both undercover operations and informers are controversial issues it may cause serious judicial problems if the system is not applied correctly. The problem was investigated by means of qualitative research. A thorough literature study and semi-structured interviews were used to gather the required data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with advocates of the Director of Public Prosecutions Free State and detectives from the Organised Crime Unit of the South African Police Service. It has been found that undercover operations are an effective manner to address organised crime and especially precious metals related crimes. Undercover operations are an excellent barometer to determine the extent of organised crime. It gives investigators a clear view of the compilation of a syndicate and the roles of leaders, runners and associates. Informers are invaluable sources of information. Without the use of informers it will be virtually impossible to engage in undercover operations, since the police will have no intelligence to engage into an investigation of this nature. The implications of the findings are that it is the responsibility of investigators, agents and informers to keep the system transparent, fair and acceptable. Their conduct may never violate their mandate and the boundaries of the investigation. Undercover operations are justified when the system is properly administered, structured, controlled and without bias.
Forensic Investigation
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
95
The main purpose of this thesis is, by the concept of Marketing Place, to evaluate the effects of the nature of information and the characteristics of communication media on secondary communication as the government promotes its policies, and to evaluate the effects of policy information promoting via different communication media on internet. For this purpose, this study first discusses the relationship between communication media and information communication on the researches of government marketing and information communication, and then builds the analysis framework. Because the civil servants belong to the group which receive governmental information most frequently, this study chooses certain government unit as the research object. And this study uses the qualitative research method to investigate the use of the information communication media on intenet . By the aim of this study, there are three propositions to be examined, which include: (1) the issues, bills, and policies with “political meaning” information wouldn’t communicate effectively via any communication media. (2) to the issues, bills, and policies with “non-political meaning” information and which are related with most people’s rights, the internet users would tend to use the e-mail system, read the messages carefully and forward to the others. (3) to the issues, bills, and policies with news value and “non-political meaning” information and which are related with all people’s rights, the internet users would use the e-mail system, read the messages and forward to the other people more actively. The thesis conluded the following: (1) the the issues, bills, and policies with “political meaning” information couldn’t be communicated effectively by secondary communicators via internet. On the other hand, it means that the less “political meaning” the policy messages are, the more effectively information communicated by secondary communicators. (2) the internet users mainly obtain the policy information via the active media－e-mail. Moreover, it’s positive to the policy information promoting that some of them will forward the profitable policy information to others via Email actively. While the policies are made known to the public, the government could consider delivering to the public via Email to receive the positive effects of policy information promoting. As to the policy information promoting function, the government should exploit the internet marketing tools positively to enlarge and deepen the communication with the public.