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Journal articles on the topic 'Polish Quotation'
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ROJSZCZAK-ROBIŃSKA, DOROTA. "Mowa niezależna wprowadzana przez iże w staropolskich apokryfach. Perspektywa źródłowa." Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego LXXVII, no. 77 (December 31, 2021): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6873.
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W polszczyźnie średniowiecznej widoczny jest pewien etap pośredni w procesie kształtowania się mowy zależnej. W tekstach pojawiają się konstrukcje mieszane, w których spójnik że (iż/iże) wyrażający relację podrzędną, typowy dla wprowadzania mowy zależnej, wprowadza mowę niezależną. W artykule analizuję relację tych konstrukcji do źródeł łacińskich na przykładzie staropolskich apokryfów. Pojawiają się często tam, gdzie w danym miejscu w tekście źródłowych obecne były konstrukcje obce językowi polskiemu, jak ACI, a także gdy przytoczenie w źródle było wprowadzone przez quia, które mogło wprowadzać mowę zależną i niezależną lub być częścią samego przytoczenia jako partykuła. Konstrukcje mieszane pojawiają się też tam, gdzie granica kompilacji przebiegała właśnie w miejscu wprowadzania przytoczenia. Problemem dla staropolskich autorów było też przenikanie się poziomów fabuły i rzeczywistości pozafabularnej. Direct speech introduced by iże in Old Polish apocrypha. A source perspective Summary: An intermediate stage of the formation of reported speech can be observed in the Old Polish period. Polish medieval texts include mixed constructions in which the conjunction że (iż/iże), expressing a subordinate relation and typically introducing reported speech, introduces direct speech. Using Old Polish ROBIŃSKAapocrypha as the source of data, the paper examines the relation between these constructions and Latin sources. The analysed constructions often appear in places where in the source text there were constructions unknown to the Polish language, such as Accusativus cum infinitivo, or where the quotation in the source text was introduced by a quia that could introduce indirect and indirect speech or be, as a particle, part of the quotation itself. Mixed constructs also appear in places where the compilation boundary coincides with the introduction of a quotation. Another problem for Old Polish authors was the overlapping of the levels of the plot and the nonfiction reality.
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Zieliński, Jan. "Konspirator Konarski ponownie zakonspirowany. Szyfr zegarmistrzowski w Interesujących mężczyznach Leskowa." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 6 (2019): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2019.6.20.
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The starting point is Interesting Men, a novel by Russian prose writer Nikolai Leskov, in which the motif of 18th-century English inventor Graham’s clocks plays an important role. The novel contains a quotation in Polish thas is attributed by Leskow to Zygmunt Krasiński, but in fact it comes from a poem by Szymon Konarski, a Polish conspirator, who was shot in 1839. By profession, Konarski was a watchmaker specializing in the so-called Graham’s escapements. The article puts forward a hypothesis that Leskov knew the biography of the victim and wanted to commemorate his fate in his novel, omitting the tsarist censorship
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Sukharieva, Svitlana. ""If you knew how important the word is": the latest trends In biblical hermeneutics study in the ukrainian polish-language prose of the baroque period." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.487.
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The article deals with the main trends of modern biblical studies of ancient literature, in particular the Ukrainian Polish-language prose of the Baroque period. Attention is focused on the universal and individual factors of sacral images and motifs interpretation derived from the Scriptures and designed on the background of fiction. Accordingly, the polycultural character of Polish-language works created on the borders of Ukrainian and Polish literatures is underlined. The author analyzes the creative work of baroque writers such as Meletii Smotryckyi, Ipatii Potii, Andrii Muzhylovskyi, Lazar Baranovych, Petro Mohyla, Ioanykii Galiatovskyi, Teofil Rutka, Pahomii Woina Oranskyi, etc. In the context of their bible interpretation a special place is dedicated to the quotation of the Holy Scriptures, as well as concord series of biblical images for which numerous references have been given, biblical paraphrases and repositions of evangelical parables, liturgical symbols, and metaphorical constructions derived from the Bible mentioned by ancient authors as works possessing individual and typological characteristics.
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Ucherek, Dorota. "Od cudzysłowów ostrych do chorągiewki." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 16, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2022.698.
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The aim of the article is to answer the question in what situations and contexts departing from traditional typographic and editorial norms and conventions turns out to be fortunate, as well as to present the mechanisms of introducing non-traditional solutions among readers and on the market, and thus shaping typographic and editorial usus. After defining the basic terms for the article: typographic and editorial usus, typography itself and the concept of a congenial book, traditional Polish typographic layouts and editorial solutions are presented on the example of the quarterly “Pamiętnik Literacki” (“Literary Memoir”) and the series Biblioteka Narodowa (National Library). Next, 11 representative publications on typography, prepared by the d2d.pl company, are analysed from this angle. The analysis covers such aspects of layout as the parameters of headings, text alignment, the function of highlights, the method of isolating quotations, the use of margins, pagination, types of figures, the location of footnotes, the form of their numbers and references in the main text, the use of first and second degree quotation marks, as well as the appearance of ornaments. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the case of books dealing with typography, preserving their original typographic form was the best possible choice, because this form, no less than the content of the text itself, conveys information about the views and recommendations of the authors. The introduction of such solutions to the Polish publishing market and to the readers’ awareness by a publishing house respected in the editorial environment undoubtedly influences the typographic and editorial usus, and it can be expected that in time it will also transform the related norms.
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Kominek, Andrzej. "Myśliwski i Wittgenstein. Dwa traktaty o granicach języka." LingVaria 17, no. 2(34) (November 21, 2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.02.
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MYŚLIWSKI AND WITTGENSTEIN: TWO TREATISES ON THE LIMITS OF LANGUAGE
Limit is the key notion in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and it was expressed in the aphorism that is probably the best-known quotation from the treatise: „The limits of my language mean the limits of my world” (5.6). The subject of the article is comparative analysis of this notion in the presentation of the Austrian philosopher L. Wittgenstein, and of the Polish novelist, Wiesław Myśliwski. Wittgenstein believes that language only refers to the real world, and what is beyond it (e.g. religion, God or ethics) is inexpressible. For Myśliwski everything is expressible in language (he himself says nothing about it). It is because literature is a limitless creator of language and the world.
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Renat, Maryla. "The synthesis of tradition and avant-garde techniques in selected polish violin sonatas from the second half of the 20th century." Notes Muzyczny 2, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7175.
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The article presents four chamber violin sonatas for an instrument duo written in the 1970s and 1980s, which in their concept of form and shape combine the elements of the widely understood tradition with innovative means of composition technique. The subject for a closer analysis are the following works: • Witold Rudziński, Sonata pastorale per violino e piano forte, 1978 (PWM, Cracow 1983) • Sławomir Czarnecki, Sonate tragique für Violine und Klavier, 1982 (Tonos, Darmstadt 1988) • Jan Krenz, Sonatina for two violins, 1986 (Brevis, Poznań 1994) • Zbigniew Bargielski, Sonate für Violine und Klavier „The sonata of oblivion”,1987, autograph. Each sonata listed above renders an individual concept for combining paradigms adopted from the tradition (e.g. forms, use of quotation, expression idiom) with selected avant-garde means in sound technique, which mainly derives from the sonoristic trend. What Witold Rudziński’s Sonata pastorale per violino e piano forte draws from music tradition is the thematic character of musical thoughts, and in its sound sphere it introduces the means of mild sonoristic, maintaining a balance between them. Sławomir Czarnecki’s Sonate tragique für Violine und Klavier using the quotation from the sequence of Dies irae refers to the Late-Romantic expression to which it adds unusual methods of sound production and sonoristic middle episode. The function of these innovative means is to contrast it against dramatic expression of the piece’s outermost elements. The third discussed work, Sonatina for two violins by Jan Krenz corresponds with the neoclassical trend from the 20th century and brings out diverse elements of violin technique. It refers to the B-A-C-H sound symbol known from the past and to the variation form and combines them with more recent sound structures. The fourth composition, Sonate für Violine und Klavier by Zbigniew Bargielski, is the most innovative one in terms of its sound layer and formal concept. Its connection to the past is maintained thanks to a quotation from Chopin’s music transformed in an interesting way. The analysis of the sonatas leads to the following final conclusion: the tradition and the avant-garde in the discussed works from the postmodern period are not in opposition one against another in terms of style and aesthetics but they create complementary phenomena, in which the message drawn from tradition is given a new face.
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Filipczak, Dorota. "Framing Madame B: Quotation and Indistinction in Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker’s Video Installation." Text Matters, no. 5 (November 17, 2015): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2015-0017.
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The article engages with the video installation Madame B by Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker. The work was premiered in the city of Łódź in Poland (between 6 Dec. 2013 and 9 Feb. 2014). The author makes use of the exhibition brochure by two artists published by the Museum of Modern Art, and the recording of a seminar held by Bal and Williams Gamaker after launching their work. The article focuses on the innovative audiovisual interpretation of Flaubert’s famous novel. Basing the argument on the concept of framing created by Bal, the author applies it to Bal and Williams Gamaker’s exhibition by relating it to the history and culture of the Polish location where it was first shown. Above all, however, the article discusses the importance of quotation and indistinction in Madame B, where the artists quote from (among others): Louise Bourgeois, Maya Deren, Artemisia Gentileschi, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, William Kentridge and Sol LeWitt.
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Buler, Michalina. "The status of a borrowing-quotation in the contemporary Polish language as exemplified by the Gallicisms." Studia Językoznawcze : synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny 21 (2022): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sj.2022.21-06.
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Bida, Olena, and Lyudmyla Prokopenko. "Korczak Janusz, Makarenko Anton, Zaharenko Olexandr – Knights of Humane Pedagogy." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.263-266.
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History does not have so many knights of pedagogy, such Teachers whom thousands ofstudents are grateful to, whose names are carved on the tables of human memory. Yanush Korchakand Oleksandr Zaharenko are among them, they were eager to do good to the people, they gavelives for the humanity, for the happiness of everybody. The courseы of life of two prominentTeachers is discussed in the article, the professional credos of prominent teachers-humanists aresingled out. We cited a famous French writer-humanist Saint-Exupery in the epigraph.In our opinion, his quotation is a professional credo of all famous teachers’ humanists. Besides,these Fox’s words (the character from “Little Prince”) appear to be the combined motto of severalteachers humanists, namely: a Polish educator Yanush Korchak who was announced an Educatorof 1979 by UNESCO; a Ukrainian pedagogue Anton Makarenko, announced an Educator of 2008by UNESCO; a prominent educator and a great teacher-humanist Olexandr Zaharenko, anacademician from Sahnivka, a small village in Cherkasy region.
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Kamińska, Barbara. "Kaizen as a Method of Management Improvement in Small Production Companies." Przedsiebiorczosc i Zarzadzanie 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eam-2015-0024.
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Abstract„Quality is not everything but everything is nothing without quality”. The famous quotation from K. Ishikawa brings to our attention the fact that nowadays quality is one of strategic concepts from the point of view of functioning of companies, especially production-oriented ones. The lack of quality often eliminates a product from the basket of potential further choices. That means that quality is a prerequisite in the contemporary, highly competitive and saturated market. In order to ensure quality, enterprises introduce various concepts and methods to support quality management. They include, among others, the kaizen philosophy, which allows to minimize unnecessary actions (losses). It is especially recommended to small firms as an inexpensive method assuring high quality of products because they are constantly improved, which, in turn, guarantees maintaining a high position among competitors. This article aims to introduce the concept of kaizen by describing how it works and considering whether it can be successful in Polish companies.
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Korpysz, Tomasz. "Linguistic notes: on iota and comma." Studia Norwidiana 37 English Version (2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2019.37-12en.
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In Norwid’s writings, the nouns koma [comma] and jota [iota] that literally mean respectively: ‘comma’ and ‘the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet’ or ‘the Polish letter and consonant j’, in the vast majority of cases have secondary, figurative meanings – in particular, when they are elements of phraseological units, but also in some other contexts they usually refer to some small elements of a text. It is symptomatic that a large part of Norwid’s usages more or less directly refer to the well-known biblical quotation from the Gospel of Matthew, which in King James Version reads: “For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.” Norwid’s use of comma and iota analysed in this article indirectly confirms the importance that the poet attached not only to the graphic layout and punctuation, or more generally to the formal aspects of the texts, but also to their proper, profound understanding.
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Mroczkowska-Brand, Katarzyna. "„ZŁE DOBRE JEST, A DOBRE – ZŁE”. KONSEKWENCJE INTERPRETACYJNE PRZEKŁADU KLUCZOWEGO CYTATU Z MAKBETA / “FAIR IS FOUL, AND FOUL IS FAIR”: DIFFERENT TRANSLATIONS OF THE KEYNOTE QUOTATION FROM MACBETH INTO POLISH AND THE CONSEQUENCES IN INTERPRETATION." Ruch Literacki 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0069-0.
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Summary A comparative study of two translations of Shakespeare’s Macbeth into Polish, centering on the crucial phrase ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’, leads to a discussion of genre. Arguments for and against reading Macbeth as a tragedy, as a profound Morality Play, or as a drama suggesting relativity within the system of values, are presented.
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Grzywaczewski, Józef. "Radość Sydoniusza Apolinarego z tego, że filozofia służy teologii." Vox Patrum 58 (December 15, 2012): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4081.
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The article shows Sidonius Apollinaris’ admiration for all intellectual activities. For example he congratulated Faustus of Riez after reading his book „On the Holy Spirit”. In all the Sydonius’ writings one can see that he has always had a lot of respect for poets and writers as Lampridius or to scholars as Phoebus. In the context of the fall of the Roman Empire Sidonius really appreciated those who reach for the teachings of ancient philosophy, rhetoric, astronomy and music in the proclamation of the Gospel. So Claudianus Mamertus, author of the book „De statu animae” did. According to Sidonius he was a great master of the three cultures: Roman, Greek and Christian. In the works of Sidonius we can see a gradual transition from the vision of the Empire as a political power to the vision of the Church as a spiritual power. In this context, he gladly stated that the Plato’s Academy was working for the Church of Christ. For this reason, he appreciated each quotation from pagan’s works in Christian works. Polish reader can see common elements in Sidonius and Sienkiewicz: both writers were living in a difficult political situation, the home of the two was ruled by foreign rulers: both writers set themselves the same goal – to write to encourage hearts with glorification of excellent people. Both writers wanted to help people get out of the crisis and to lay the foundations for a better future.
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Mędelska, Jolanta. "O dublowaniu afiksów zaimkowych wyrażających nieokreśloność (na materiale północnokresowym i ogólnopolskim)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 37 (June 30, 2015): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2013.035.
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On doubling pronominal affixes indicating indefiniteness (based on north borderland and general Polish materials)The present paper presents the results of a study of a number of pronouns, such as czyjkolwiekbądź ‘whose-ever’, jakikolwiekbądź ‘whichever’ and cośkolwiek ‘whatever’, jakiśkolwiek ‘whichever’, excerpted from various publications: books, brochures, textbooks, calendars etc., published in Polish in Kaunas (Republic of Lithuania) during the interwar period. These texts are then compared with publications printed in the whole of Poland, in an attempt to establish whether they belong to the so-called differential North Borderland regional expressions or are marginal forms used somewhere in Poland. In order to do this, the author has studied entries in Polish dictionaries, analysed quotation origins, researched the Polish digital libraries (digitalized Polish press from the interwar period) and cited testimonies known to her from North Borderland sources other than Kaunas interwar publications. The results of the study suggest that the studied structures are slightly more frequent in the North and East Borderlands as compared to the ethnic Poland, and in general they are rare and marginal in standard Polish.Both types of the analysed forms seem pleonastic: their subsequent pronominal affixes multiply their meanings and functions. The pleonastic nature of the ktokolwiekbądź ‘whoever’ type structure is obvious (-kolwiek and -bądź are synonyms, they indicate irrelevance of identification), and has been always condemned by prescriptivists. Ktokolwiekbądź and the affixes such as ktośkolwiek ‘whoever’ indicate indefiniteness, but each of them points to a different aspect of it: -ś denotes unknown identification, while -kolwiek conveys irrelevant identification. This kind of specific emphasis on indefiniteness, making it more precise, could have been useful at times. Nowadays, however, in many pronominal contexts, the -ś affix combines these two pieces of information: unknown identification and irrelevant identification, e.g. Daj to komuś ‘Give it to somebody [whoever – I don’t know to whom, and it does not matter who it is]’. The -śkolwiek component is no longer needed, and is gradually becoming extinct.In the North Borderlands, both types of the analysed forms seem to have some support in the foreign language systems to which the regional form of Polish used in this area has been exposed. О дублировании местоименных аффиксов, указывающих неопределенность (на северо-восточном и общепольском языковом материале)Автор рассматривает своеобразные местоименные дериваты типа czyjkolwiekbądź, jakikolwiekbądź и cośkolwiek, jakiśkolwiek, выписанные из различных изданий: книг, брошюр, учебников, календарей и т.п. материалов, опубликованных на польском языке в Каунасе (Республика Литвы) в период между мировыми войнами. Эти местоименные структуры рассматриваются на общепольском фоне с целью определить их принадлежность к т. н. дифференциальным северо-восточным провинциализмам или же к редким общепольским образованиям. Проверяются записи в толковых словарях польского языка, анализируется происхождение примеров, проверяется словарный запас, содержащийся в польских цифровых библиотеках (дигитализированная польская печать за межвоенный период), приводятся примеры из других (не каунасских) северо-восточных источников. Установлено, что в северо-восточном варианте польского языка исследуемые местоименные образования отличаются большей частотностью, чем в общепольском языке, но – в общем – они редки и менее значимы. Оба типа исследуемых образований имеют тавтологичный характер: их следующие друг за другом местоименные аффиксы дублируют свои значения и функции. Однако, в то время как тавтологичный характер структур типа ktokolwiekbądź очевиден (-kolwiek и -bądź – это синонимы, указывают несущественность идентификации), издавна порицаемый кодификаторами, аффиксы в структурах типа ktośkolwiek указывают, правда, неопределенность, однако каждый из них – другой ее аспект: -ś ‘идентификация неизвестна’, -kolwiek ‘идентификация несущественна’. Такого рода усиление неопределенности, ее уточнение иногда пригодно. В наши дни во многих контекстах местоименный аффикс -ś объединяет в себе информацию ‘идентификация неизвестна’ и ‘идентификация несущественна’, напр.: Daj to komuś ‘не знаю, кому, и мне все равно, кто это будет’. Таким образом, компонент -śkolwiek становится ненужным и постепенно выходит из употребления. В северо-восточном варианте письменного польского языка оба типа исследуемых образований получают некоторую поддержку в других языковых системах, с которыми находятся в постоянном контакте.
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Kącka, Eliza. "Ciało mitu. Piłsudski Brunona Schulza." Schulz/Forum, no. 13 (October 28, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2019.13.03.
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The present paper focuses above all on a variant of the legend of Józef Piłsudski presented by Bruno Schulz in his literary works. It is definitely not the best known literary incarnation of the myth of Polish First Marshall, neither is it the most quoted one, like excerpts from General Barcz by Józef Kaden-Bandrowski or from Jan Lechoń’s book of poetry Silver and Black [Srebrne i czarne]. Still, Schulz gives us a very interesting analysis of the formation of this legend, and we can find in it Schulz’s own approach and style. His views on the formation of this legend are in fact ahistorical, free of the specific context. When he writes that “unbelievable historic maturity was incarnated in this man,” he is closer to heroic narration rather than sociological analysis. It is not a coincidence then that Schulz’s sense of historic moment is intertwined with his understanding of myth and his literary mythology. The author of The Street of Crocodiles worked on his essay “How Legends Come Into Being” [Jak powstają legendy] when he was finishing “Spring,” which brings the two texts closer and gives a historical incentive for a parallel reading of both, which is also justified by their content. Schulz puts Piłsudski in his own symbolic domain and makes him an agent/actor of his own narration. The problem of his individual importance or eminence is confronted with the views of Thomas Carlyle and Edmund Burke. The aim of the paper’s author is not just a close reading of Schulz’s text, but juxtaposing it with a few other analyses of the phenomena of birth, rise, and death of the legend. Karol Irzykowski was one of the most clear-headed analysts of those processes and that is why his views are quoted in the fragments devoted to a “socio-cultural process” which he treated not as an esoteric phenomenon but as a conscious strategy of influencing people. A short analysis of the quotation from Piłsudski about the role of legends and the oppressiveness of the legendary discourse in Polish culture is also important. Piłsudski, who understood the vampirical character of legends, became a prisoner of Schulz’s creative imagination in his essay.
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Morán, José M., María Romero-Moreno, Azucena Santillán-García, and Ivan Herrera-Peco. "Quotation Accuracy of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols on Acupuncture." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010055.
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Currently, published systematic review protocols (SR protocols) have increasingly become a new trend in fields such as acupuncture and are therefore a new source of quotations in these fields. Systematic reviews are considered the pinnacle of the evidence pyramid as they embody comprehensive literature searching. Quotations are key elements to achieve this goal as they can support the assertions of the original authors, but the ‘misquotation’ exists, too, and they can be misleading to the reader. The aim of this study was to examine the quotation accuracy of SR protocols in a meta-analysis on acupuncture research. We searched SCOPUS through 31 December, 2020, and each protocol and its citations were analyzed and classified as correct or incorrect. We used descriptive statistics to report the quotation errors and characteristics of the included protocols. The results showed 248 SR protocols, where 124 protocols received quotations and 38 quotations (31.4%) were erroneous. Only 11 (4.4%) of the published SRs and SR protocols had been published previously. Furthermore, the scientific journal in which the most SR protocols were published was Medicine (193; 77.8%), followed by BMJ Open (39; 15.7%). Authors from China (86.5%) were the most productive in publishing SRs and SR protocols. Finally, we concluded that the number of SR protocols and meta-analyses published in scientific journals and indexed by databases exceeds the publication capacity of the SRs associated with them, generating scientific literature that does not make any novel contribution to knowledge.
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Szwejkowska-Belica, Aleksandra. "The influence of the style of Karol Szymanowski on the creative work of Polish 20th century composers based on the Polish Suite by Szymon Laks." Notes Muzyczny 1, no. 11 (June 28, 2019): 109–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3524.
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The essence of the present article is presenting the influence of the creative output as well as personality of Karol Szymanowski on subsequent generations of Polish 20th century composers searching for new trends and options for their artistic development, based on the Polish Suite for violin and piano by Szymon Laks. It is a very interesting composition as an object for an academic study as well as from the performance-related and artistic perspectives. All research activities aim towards finding style similarities in Laks’ composition and analysing them in comparison to works by Szymanowski. The examples given in the article illustrate a clear influence of Szymanowski, from distant associations concerning the mood, colour and aura of the piece to specific quotations substantiating a great respect and admiration Szymon Laks had for Karol Szymanowski. Another confirmation of that is the fact that this composition was dedicated to Szymanowski. The rich heritage Szymanowski left became the new path he had set for future generations of not only Polis composers. It seems that this thesis has been duly proven in the article. In Laks’ composition we will find clear influences and often even quotations from Polish folklore, which Karol Szymanowski also used in his works. The aim of the article is also familiarising readers with this very rarely performed composition, showing its undisputed qualities and encouraging everyone to discover and promote numerous forgotten yet often very valuable pieces in Polish music.
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Ķauķīte, Sintija. "Pieturzīmes senajos latviešu tekstos." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 25 (November 23, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2021.25.083.
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Early written Latvian texts are important sources not only for linguistics but also for culture and social studies. Latvian texts (and indeed Latvian culture as a whole) show consistent German influence. These texts were produced in a cross-cultural context of Catholicism and Protestantism and display elements from local folklore. The history of the Latvian written language dates to the 16th century and is largely linked to the Reformation of the Church. The earliest texts from the 16th century are various versions of translations of the Lord’s Prayer, as well as separate short records in the books of Riga trade associations. Since the 17th century, the scope of genres of written sources widens: lexicographical, legal, and other secular texts have been published. There are two significant aspects of these early Latvian texts. The first is that most of the texts were translations from German, Latin, and Polish, and there were very few original texts. The second aspect is that most of the translators were not native speakers of Latvian. First punctuation marks in Latvian appeared in the 16th century in translations from the German language. In 16th-century texts, the following punctuation marks – point, question mark, slash, double hyphen, colon, and parentheses – were used. Semicolons and exclamation marks were used in 17th-century writings. The following punctuation marks have entered the 18th century: a dash, dots, round quotation marks, a comma, and an apostrophe, but they had been used on a different basis than today. While reading various texts of the 16th and the 17th century, the author also looked at the punctuation marks used at this time – a point, a question mark, a slash, a colon, a semicolon, brackets, a double hyphen, and an exclamation mark. In this study, the use of punctuation marks of 11 texts of Early Written Latvian is analyzed, and a comparison of Early Latvian Texts and the Luther Bible is given. The descriptive method and the comparative method are used. At the end of the paper, the main conclusions are given.
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Dzienisiewicz, Daniel. "„U nas adin prokuror czestnyj czeławiek, a i on — prawdu skazat’ — swinia” — „rossica” w felietonistyce Stanisława Michalkiewicza." Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kw.2017.7.3.
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The article aims at presenting and analyzing rossica (linguistic and culturalborrowings from Russian) retrieved from the texts written by Stanisław Michalkiewicz. Stanisław Michalkiewicz is a conservative-liberal author and a former politician. Along with borrowings from Latin and French, Michalkiewicz, known for his command of Russian, incorporates various Russian and Soviet linguistic and cultural elements in his writings. Rossica come in the form of lexical and textual borrowings, e.g. quotations from politicians, literary works, popular songs and jokes. One can also distinguish indirect sources of rossica, such as quotations from Polish literary works referring to Russian reality. Moreover, Michalkiewicz creates original derivates of Russian borrowings and modifies the forms of dative case of Polish personal names according to the Russian masculine noun declension paradigm.
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Piaskowska, Patrycja. "Rossica w polskim dyskursie medialnym." Slavica Wratislaviensia 164 (November 20, 2017): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.164.12.
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Rossica in Polish media discourseThis article investigates the role of hackneyed quotations, which come from Russian liter- ature of 19th and 20th centuries. Purpose of the article was analysis of 3 hackneyed quotations called rossica extracted from the dictionary Skrzydlate słowa of Henryk Markiewicz and Andrzej Romanowski. All examples were divided into 3 groups and supported with their meanings, ex- cerpted from Russian dictionaries, and situations, in which they could be used. The last part of this article was devoted to hackneyed quotations analysis from the viewpoint of functions they fulfill in Polish media discourse.Rossica в польском масс-медиальном дискурсеНастоящая статья посвящена крылатым словам, происходящим из литературных про- изведений русских писателей XIX и XX веков. Целью статьи был анализ трех крылатых еди- ниц называемых rossikami, выделенных из произведения Хенрика Маркевича и Анджея Романовского Skrzydlate słowa. Все примеры были разделены на три группы. Кроме того, на основе русских словарей были определены их значения и ситуации, в которых эти единицы могут употребляться. Последняя часть статьи посвящена анализу крылатых выражений с точки зрения выполняемых ими функций в польском масс-медиальном дискурсе.
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Zatorskyy, Nazar. "The Embassy to the Pope Sixtus IV with the Epistle of Misael in the Light of Some Documents from the Vatican Secret Archives." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 26 (November 27, 2017): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.011.
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The article considers the Epistle of Misael to the Pope Sixtus IV of 1476, which was first published by the Uniate metropolitan Hypatius Potij in 1605. Though its authenticity was definitely proved only at the end of 20th century, the fate of this letter, particularly with regard to the envoys who allegedly brought the charter to Pope Sixtus IV, has been discussed from the moment of its first edition until today. However, no special research was made concerning existing theories about this embassy. The article aims to fill this gap. A particular attention is paid to the thesis of the first publisher of the charter, who considered the noble Ruthenian Ivan Soltan and the Chancellor of the Great Duchy of Lithuania Jakub as the envoys with the Epistle of Misael. The author demonstrates that the title of the document, which appeared in the first edition of 1605, had been lacking in the original manuscript (now lost) and was invented by metropolitan Hypatius Potij. He presents the ways by which Potij’s thesis about two envoys to Pope Sixtus IV was spread in the Ukrainian and Polish historiography of the 17th through 19th centuries. The author also examines another source about two envoys with Misael’s charter to Pope Sixtus IV – Elucidarius errorum ritus ruthenici by Jan Sacran, edited at the beginning of the 16th century, to which Mykhailo Hrushevsky and other scholars referred, and shows that this document was a source of misrepresentation, wherefrom the idea of two envoys with the Epistle of Misael to Pope Sixtus VI derived. Based on a false quotation of Elucidarius, this idea is still circulating in the contemporary Ukrainian historiography. Therefore, this article is to correct these fallacious ideas of the embassy with Misael’s charter to Pope Sixtus IV. In addition, the author identifies one of the written sources, to which Jan Sacran referred in his treatise. He also traces back some 20th century erroneous ideas of the authorship of the Epistle of Misael that partially exist in the Ukrainian historiography even today. Finally, the article is supplemented by a report from Codex Arm. XXXII 21 from the Vatican Secret Archives that sheds light on the personality of Alexander Soltan, one of the alleged envoys with Misael’s charter. The author analyzes the content of the Codex Arm. XXXII 21 and argues the significance of this document in the solution of the question whether the embassy to Pope Sixtus IV has ever taken place.
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Krzyżaniak, Alicja, Barbara Stawińska-Witoszyńska, Maria Kaczmarek, Małgorzata Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska, and Aldona Siwińska. "Percentile distribution of blood pressure readings in relation to body mass index: a populationbased cross-sectional study ADOPOLNOR." Anthropological Review 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2015-0007.
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Abstract Recent upward trends toward elevated blood pressure and increased weight expressed in terms of body mass index in children and adolescents call for regular monitoring of their physical growth and age-related changes in blood pressure. This requires adequate tools - reference values of a normal blood pressure range. The main objective of this study was to provide sex- and BMI-specific percentile reference values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on the adolescent Polish population, participants in the ADOPOLNOR study. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative, randomly selected cohort of 4,941; 2,451 male and 2,490 female students aged 10-18 years, residents in Wielkopolska province and its capital, the city of Poznań. All examinations were performed in school nursery rooms during morning hours according to standard procedures. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice on each occasion on the right arm using a fully calibrated TECH MED TM-Z mercury gauge sphygmomanometer with sets of exchangeable cuffs and a clinical stethoscope. The blood pressure classification was determined using the surveillance method. For each participant, the mean of measurements taken on each of the three occasions was calculated and served as his/her final blood pressure value. Using the LMS method, fitted percentile curves were created for BMI-related systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The findings revealed that age related blood pressure pattern was similar in boys and girls. It showed a steady increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age. There was a positive correlation between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicating that when systolic blood pressure increased so diastolic did (r=0.61 at p<0.01). Boys were likely to have relatively higher mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and steeper slope for BMI-related change in blood pressure than girls. Similar pattern was found for age-related changes in BMI. The quotation of 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th at any given BMI between 12 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 provided indication of the entire variation in blood pressure of adolescent males and females aged 10-18 years. The sex- and BMI-specific reference values and charts for systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be a useful tool in monitoring blood pressure for early detection of its abnormal level and treatment of children and adolescents with high blood pressure.
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Musolff, Andreas. "“You keep telling us different things, what do we believe?”." Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.00014.mus.
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Abstract Quotation and reflective interpretation of previous statements are common features in police interviews. Of particular importance is the uncovering of apparent contradictions between earlier and current responses in interviews of suspects. Conflicting statements can be used by officers as triggers to elicit new responses that explain inconsistencies. In linguistic pragmatics, such reflective commenting on utterances is categorised as metacommunication, i.e. ‘communication about communication’, which includes metarepresentation, i.e. second-order representation of another representation through some form of quotation. Such instances of metacommunication are key instances of negotiating the communicative interests of its chief participants, which in suspect interviews consist on the one hand in the interviewers’ purpose of establishing grounds for a potential criminal charge and, on the other hand, the interviewee’s interest in avoiding such a charge. This article analyses exemplary cases of metacommunication in multilingual police interviews from the perspective of quotation pragmatics. The results suggest that police interview training should pay special attention to this area in order to optimise cognitive results.
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Rojszczak-Robińska, Dorota. "Strategies for Quoting the Holy Scriptures in the Old Polish Biblical-Apocryphal Narrations." Scrinium 16, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00160a26.
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Abstract The Old-Polish Biblical-apocryphal narrations are the most extensive manuscripts preserved in the Polish language, the texts very important from the perspective of the beginnings of the Polish literary language. Majority of them have been preserved as copies, quite often copies obtained from other copies. They are based on many different Latin sources, originating from various periods. We can see the creation of a new text from fragments translated into Polish, sometimes quoted, sometimes paraphrased, often combined at the lowest level – within a single sentence. In the paper, I will show how the quotations from The Bible function in those multi-layered and multi-styled medieval texts stemming from many sources.
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Gmys, Marcin. "Integration Attempts Paweł Mykietyn and the Composer’s Self-Reflection." Musicology Today 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/muso-2015-0006.
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Abstract In this paper, the author attempts to reconstruct the aesthetic views of Paweł Mykietyn, a leading Polish composer of the middle generation. Since Mykietyn has never presented his views comprehensively, the author reconstructs his opinions on the basis of published interviews with the composer, focusing on his ideas regarding musical and nonmusical inspirations, the significance of mathematical procedures in the compositional process, traditional musical forms, the role of quotations and self-quotations, experimentation with microtones and musical time, as well as the concept of music as autobiography.
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Borowiec, Karolina. "W stronę badań słowiańskich kontekstów staropolskich apokryfów (2). Sposoby wprowadzania przytoczeń w Životě Krista Pána oraz Żywocie Pana Jezu Krysta Baltazara Opeca." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 73/1 (January 1, 2016): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2016.73.1.
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The aim of the article is to observe the similarities and differences concerning the formation of text by the writers of two Slavic Biblical-apocryphal narrations based on the analyses of the means of introduction of quotations in the Czech Život Krista Pána and in the Polish Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta by Baltazar Opec. The author of the article demonstrates that the texts were written at a similar stage of development of both vernacular languages and, consequently, they include structures at different levels of complexity – indirect speech coexists with direct speech and intermediate forms. The author indicates the differences and similarities in the way the metatext is constructed. For example, she contends that the author of ŽKP used direct speech much more often, introduced quotations serving as a commentary on specific events differently (e.g., from the Bible or Church Fathers), used different patterns when introducing the utterances of the protagonists of the story. Also, the author of the article shows that the quotations intertwined in the story Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta were more expensively modified in comparison to ŽKP. Moreover, the repertoire of structures used for the inclusion of reported speech into the main narration is richer in the Polish text.
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Byrman, Gunilla, and Ylva Byrman. "In evidence: Linguistic transformations of events in police interview reports." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586518000100.
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The aim of this article is to examine how police investigators reproduce interviewees’ utterances in narratives, in direct and indirect reported speech, and by enclosing words in reports in quotation marks. Drawing on a larger study of professional writing, the pertinent research question for the current investigation is how writing techniques in police interview reports convey evidential value in the form of reported utterances. A corpus of police reports on domestic violence is explored from the theoretical perspectives of critical discourse analysis, polyvocality and reportative evidentiality. A new analytical framework for polyvocal texts is developed in terms of utterance, source and framer. The results show that it is difficult to determine whether or not words placed within quotation marks are meant to present verbatim quotes. Another finding is that police investigators are not consistent in documenting utterances from different sources, or in showing whether utterances are embedded in other utterances. This may obscure the structure of the original events and the source of crucial utterances, resulting in unclear evidential status for police reports.
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Park, Noh-Hyun. "The Journal of Korean Drama and Theatre and Television Drama: Focusing on Quotation of Lines/Scenes in Research on Television Drama." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.1119.
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The Journal of Korean Drama and Theatre published by the Learned Society of Korean Drama and Theatre is the most representative journal for research on Korean television dramas as a kind of drama act. The number of theses that have been gathered by a total of 75 journal series is as many as 615, which have been issued until 2020, since 1991 when it was launched. Of them, the theses on television dramas began to be initially published by the 21th series issued in 2005, and then 76 theses investigated by 35 researchers are currently published. The scenes beyond/post sheet, which appear in television dramas as image literature, become main texts, due to the genre characteristics. Lines and scenes in screens are naturally mobilized for any quotations. The current research on television dramas, however, do not give any academic guidelines regarding the quotation of lines and scenes. This paper, therefore, attempts to provide a direction of examining the current conditions of the lines and scenes quoted by research on television dramas based on 76 theses gathered in The Journal of Korean Drama and Theatre and helping both the society and the journal improve them. The measure may be largely specified as five proposals. The key point of them lies in the essence of the quotation properly certified by research, in other words, the practice of it, which make it possible to realize scholarly conversations with academic value.
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Diskin, Chloé, and Stephen Levey. "Going global and sounding local." English World-Wide 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00022.dis.
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Abstract We chart the incursion of quotative be like into Dublin English, drawing comparisons with similar developments in urban Canadian English as well as with diachronic benchmarks representing vernacular Irish English. Quantitative analysis reveals that be like is the lead variant in the quotative system used by young Dubliners and is advancing along a similar, though not identical, cline of grammaticalization to that found in urban Canadian English. We use the resultant information about the Dublin English quotative system as a baseline to assess the extent to which this system has been acquired by Polish-born L2 speakers of English differentiated in terms of target language proficiency. Comparison of the L2 quotative system with the L1 Dublin English benchmark reveals that not all L1 usage constraints are faithfully replicated by L2 speakers, indicating that the acquisition of the relevant constraints is incomplete, even in the case of advanced learners.
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Choi, Jihyun Karen, and Chloé Diskin-Holdaway. "The Acquisition of Quotatives and Quotative Be Like among Chinese L2 Speakers of English in Australia." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020123.
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This study explores the acquisition of the English quotative system and the innovative quotative variant be like among Chinese L2 speakers of English residing in Melbourne, Australia. The L2 speakers’ use of quotatives such as say, go, be like, and quotative zero is compared with quotatives used by native speakers of Australian English (AusE) in Perth and Sydney, as well as with a group of Polish L2 speakers in Ireland. A quantitative analysis of the Chinese L2 speakers’ sociolinguistic interviews shows that their distribution of quotatives is dramatically different from native AusE speakers, primarily because of their overall low proportion of be like and their high proportion of quotative say and zero. The L2 speakers also show neutralization (no preference) for language-internal constraints, which have traditionally shown be like to be preferred in first person contexts and for reporting inner thoughts, differing from patterns for AusE observed in Perth and in a recent study of second generation Chinese Australians in Sydney.
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Phillips, David. "‘Comparatography’, history and policy quotation: some reflections." Comparative Education 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2013.871833.
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Adamiec, Dorota. "Słownictwo geograficzne." Poradnik Językowy 2020, no. 5/2020(774) (May 20, 2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2020.5.4.
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The beginnings of the Polish geographical terminology are associated with the birth of modern science. Its further development is a response to the increasing communication needs in the fi eld of geography. In the initial phase, the fundamental base of geographical vocabulary is resources of the general language. The progressing specialisation of scientifi c research requires the application of an increasing number of precise terms. Geographical terms have been coined in accordance with the general rules characteristic of special lexis. The resource includes: foreign quotations, borrowings with various degrees of assimilation, new Polish words and multi-word units coined with the use of common nomination mechanisms. Geography is a fi eld that is closely related to other sciences, and hence it is characterised by a large number of terms that are common to fi elds such as astronomy and geology.
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Jankowiak, Lucyna Agnieszka, and Elżbieta Kędelska. "Adama Stanisława Krasińskiego zapomniany Słownik synonimów polskich i jego poprzednicy." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (September 25, 2015): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.002.
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On Adam Stanisław Krasiński’s forgotten Słownik synonimów polskich and its predecessorsThe paper consists of two parts. The first one covers characteristics of dictionaries (dated from XVIth to XIXth century), groups of synonyms regarding mainly the Latin (e.g. Gradus ad Parnassum), which also include equivalents of national languages (especially the Calagius three-language dictionary was examined and Czech-Latin dictionaries of synonyms dated XVIth century). The second part of the paper is a discussion over methodology of the first Slavic dictionary of synonyms (Słownik synonimów polskich [Dictionary of Polish Synonyms]) by A. S. Krasiński. Not-elaborated in details so far (in the subject-matter literature) the dictionary combines a few types of dictionaries (apart from the dictionary of synonyms): general dictionary of Polish language, dictionary of phrasal verbs, language correctness dictionary, book of quotations and proverbs and translational dictionary.
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Socha, Krzysztof. "Odniesienia biblijne w twórczości polskich zespołów metalowych." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura 3, no. 10 (2018): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837275.10.3.11.
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Biblical references in the work of Polish metal bands One of the many factors which has been creating the west culture is the Judeo-Christiantradition based on the Bible. Motives, quotations and symbols that are coming from the Biblehave been permeating to the European languages as well as they have influenced both thehigh culture and the popular culture. Moreover, the biblical inspirations can be found in metalmusic as well. The underlying paper constitutes an attempt of brief characterization when itcomes to more original biblical motives that are constantly appearing in the lyrics of metalbands, simultaneously, it emphasizes a slight current interest of this biblical aspect in thescientific researches.
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Kochanowicz, Rafał. "Zmiennik wybawiony albo tryumf wiedźmina. Cyfrowy dialog z kulturą i obyczajowością Wiedźmin 3." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 24 (April 18, 2019): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.24.20.
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The Substitute Saved or the Triumph of the Witcher: Digital dialogue with culture and morals SummarySome elements of the game The Witcher 3 show very clearly that developers, in order to achieve a significant effect of gameplay, adopt the tools and forms of expression of other media — such as plot stereotypes, films or complex dialogues — and fill their designed world with quotations and motifs from traditional not only Polish texts of culture. “Sewn together” with digital technology, this “cento” becomes a commentary on the postmodern dimension of contemporary pop culture, and includes a warning against degradation of elementary norms and values essential for the functioning of societies.
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Zhang, Fa, and Yimiao Gu. "Approach to an Equivalent Freight-Based Sustainable Joint-Quotation Strategy for Shipping Blockchain Alliance." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 10441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610441.
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To improve the sustainability of the shipping industry, a practice of establishing a new type of shipping alliance based on blockchain has been implemented. In this practice, the following question emerges: How will shipping lines achieve sustainable profit improvement? This paper focuses on the freight decision-making problem by constructing a multi-round joint-quotation strategy. This paper also demonstrates the potential impact of a joint quotation strategy on the blockchain-based open freight market from a theoretical perspective. The numerical experiment results show that, compared with the initial state, the joint quotation strategy can help to stabilize shipping demands and reduce the fluctuation in overall demands. In this strategy, the freight level needs to be high to maximize profits. However, part of the demands will be sacrificed as a result. Moreover, the optimal equilibrium solution under the joint quotation strategy is relatively vulnerable to changes in the competitive relationship among the members of an alliance. In addition, the joint quotation may also be resolutely resisted by the shipper due to monopoly risk, resulting in a major risk of a sharp reduction in demand. The findings in this paper offer a decision-making reference for the sustainable development of the shipping industry.
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Gomola, Aleksander. "Przekład komentarza biblijnego jako ciąg decyzyjny tłumaczenia funkcjonalnego – studium przypadku." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 26, no. 48 (June 15, 2020): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.26.2020.48.03.
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The Functional Translation of Biblical Commentaries as a Decision- Making Process – a Case Study
The article is a case study exploring the translation of one biblical commentary representing a specific type of texts from the threefold perspective of a translator, translation theorist and translation trainer. The Author utilizes a concept of the functional translation by C. Nord, an idea of the translation as a decision-making process by J. Levý, and principles of the translation of scientific texts by Z. Kozłowska. Selected aspects of translating of a contemporary English commentary on the Gospel of Luke into Polish are investigated, including the following decision-making levels: selection of an appropriate Polish translation of the Bible, necessary adjustments of the chosen biblical translation, decisions related to intertextuality of the Bible, lexical choices. Problems concerning other functions of the source text, apart from its exegetical function, are also discussed as well as solutions concerning quotations, references and the paratext. Furthermore, information on bibliographic sources useful for translators of biblical and patristic texts was presented.
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ZIÓŁKOWSKA, OLGA. "SEPTEM VERBA A CHRISTO W STAROPOLSKICH APOKRYFACH NOWOTESTAMENTALNYCH W PERSPEKTYWIE ŹRÓDŁOZNAWCZEJ I LINGWISTYCZNEJ. CZĘŚĆ DRUGA: JĘZYKOWE UKSZTAŁTOWANIE." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 77/1 (June 15, 2020): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2020.77.12.
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This article is the second and the last part of a series dedicated to the characteristics of a description of Christ’s seven words uttered on the cross as accounted in Old Polish biblical and apocryphal narrations. In part one, I focus on the origin of the words, the characteristics of Old Polish texts containing them. I highlight the most important differences in the narration of the specific fragments of Old Polish Passions of Jesus. Part two is entirely dedicated to the language of the fragments of Old Polish texts on Christ’s seven words uttered on the cross (ŻPJK, SCh and RD). First, I present the enumeration schemes in each apocrypha. They are strictly related to the tradition of religious instruction and teaching and are an attempt at sorting out the material. The article presents also the various ways in which Christ’s specific words are called. The regular word-forming structure of the modifiers affects the rhythmic form of the specific fragments of texts. Finally, I show how quotations from Christ were introduced into each apocrypha: how the utterances’ modal frame was shaped and what verbs of speech were used. It turns out that in each historic text, Christ’s words were treated differently: in the SCh, they were described most extensively and in the RD – least extensively but it is the RD where the enumerations are most precise with respect to the syntax, perhaps because the specific parts are at the smallest distance from each other. Christ’s seven words on the cross are least structured in the ŻPJK.
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Kiwała, Kinga. "Aspects of Intertextuality in the Works of the ‘Stalowa Wola Generation’ (Eugeniusz Knapik, Andrzej Krzanowski, Aleksander Lasoń)." Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology, no. 19 (December 31, 2019): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ism.2019.19.11.
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In the panorama of Polish music of the 2nd half of the 20th century the works of Silesian composers stand out. They were born in 1951 and thus they are referred to as the ‘Generation 51’ or the ‘Stalowa Wola Generation’ (from the place of their debut at the Festival ‘Young Musician for the Young City’ in Stalowa Wola in 1976): Eugeniusz Knapik, Aleksander Lasoń and Andrzej Krzanowski. They constituted the first generational phenomenon of such significance in Polish music since the debut of ‘Generation 33’ (Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Mikołaj Górecki and others). The musical style of these young authors was in tune with the Polish popular phenomenon of the 1970s of ‘New Romanticism’, consisting in a return to certain artistic and aesthetic values lost in modernism and avant-garde. One of the distinguishing features of Knapik’s, Lasoń’s and Krzanowski’s work is the application of various ‘intertextual strategies’ – quotations, allusions, and clear references to more or less specific musical traditions. In the works of ‘Generation 51’ composers, these strategies have a certain superior ‘axiological sense’ (Władysław Stróżewski), which is far from a purely ludic, postmodernist play on conventions and texts. The aim of the text is a review and an attempt to interpret those strategies. A methodological reference point will be the semantic analyses of possible intertextual references performed by Mieczysław Tomaszewski and Stanisław Balbus.
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Ask, Sofia. "‘She had it coming?’: An experimental study of text interpretation in a police classroom setting." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586518000094.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how modifications of reporting verbs, modality, style and use of quotation marks in an authentic police report can lead to different interpretations by two groups of trainee police officers. Data was collected through an experiment in a classroom setting, where police trainees discussed two versions of the same police report in focus group discussions. The trainees’ statements were categorised into three themes: impression of the victim, impression of the accused, and assessment of the situation's severity. The results show that modifications such as formal or informal choice of words and the use of scare quotes proved to be influential linguistic modifications. In contrast, variation of reporting verbs and modality appeared less significant. The two versions of the text created different impressions of both the victim and the accused, and the interpretations of the severity of the situation depicted in the text varied between the two trainee groups. This highlights the importance of further study of the linguistic constructions of victims and perpetrators in police texts, in order to ensure credibility and equality before the law.
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Krotowski, Michał. "Manggha – Feliks Jasieński. O mało znanym filmie Kazimierza Muchy." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no. 18 (2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.20.039.12876.
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Manggha (Feliks Jasieński) – on a little-known film by Kazimierz Mucha This article contains an analysis of an educational documentary film released in 1981 and directed by Kazimierz Mucha. The film is not accessible to a wider public, and a copy (not of the highest quality) is stored in the archive of the Wytwórnia Filmów Oświatowych (Educational Film Studio) in Łódź. However, this film is an interesting and unique example of the interest of Polish filmmaking in Japanese art. Despite what the title might suggest, this is not a biographical documentary. In it, only a few selected facts drawn from the life of Feliks Jasieński are presented, frequently interspersed with quotations. Above all, the makers of the film focused on a presentation of the collection of Japanese art gathered by Manggha (Jasieński’s artistic pseudonym), and also on its reception in Poland during Jasieński’s period of activity, that is at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Because it is a short film (this was surely a requirement imposed on the majority of educational films), the film refers to the abovementioned issues in a synthetic and incomplete fashion. Besides offering an analysis of the film, this article throws light on the somewhat forgotten figure of Jasieński and the Promethean ideas that he espoused of grafting several models drawn from Japanese culture on to Polish art, at a time when a broad Polish public encountered Japanese culture for the first time.
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Guz, Marzena. "Niemieckie ślady w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza z tomu „Anoda i katoda”. Reportaże z części „Kraj lat dziecinnych” w perspektywie leksykalnej." Forum Filologiczne Ateneum, no. 1(6)2018 (December 31, 2018): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36575/2353-2912/1(6)2018.023.
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The subject of the study is German traces in Melchior Wańkowicz’s reportages published in the “Anoda i katoda” [“The Anode and Cathode”] series, in the part titled “Kraj lat dziecinnych” [The Land of Childhood]. This paper presents the vocabulary of German origin and Polish vocabulary referring to Germany and discusses common words and proper names, mostly of German origin, including quotations and lexis more or less assimilated in the Polish language. Appellatives are classified into parts of speech. The prevailing group of proper names comprises surnames, divided into two groups: German surnames and Polonised surnames. Another issue discussed in this article refers to the ways in which the presented vocabulary underwent Polonisation. Additionally, an interesting question is why the author, born in the Russian partition territory, uses so many words related to Germany. Wańkowicz refers to history, which justifies lexical items of German provenance, e.g. Ober-Ost. The presence of numerous surnames of German origin may result from Wańkowicz’s memories, e.g. Gebethner and Wolff are publishers of his story for children, and the surname Einstein is referred to in relation to Warsaw. As for the presence of appellatives, they were probably well-assimilated and frequently used, since most of them are not distinguished in any way in the text by the author. Some of the above-quoted Germanisms (appellatives and proper names) were Polonised in terms of vowels and consonants and through the application of Polish word-forming suffixes.
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Faliński, Przemysław. "INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON QUOTATIONS OF OIL COMPANIES, OIL AND DOLLAR." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie, no. 53(126) (January 27, 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/zn.2020.53.04.
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With the non-random movement of the prices of exchange trading objects in mind, by means of the methods and tools of chaos theory, it is possible to show that price changes are subject to the laws of deterministic chaos. This is a new look at this subject compared to the statistical methods that have been used for years, which in most cases assume that the distribution of the rate of returns of the examined series is normal. The aim of the study is to determine the nature of the changes in oil, dollar and Polish fuel prices: whether they are random or determined. In addition, the second aim is to investigate the cause and effect relationship between the price changes of the above-mentioned stocks. Tools such as rescaled range analysis, mean and variance stability analysis and technical analysis will be used. Conclusions resulting from the examination of the three indicated values should be interesting for capital market participants. The article ends with a short-term forecast for WIG-oil&gas.
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Bielak, Jarosław, and Mieczysław Kowerski. "Dynamics of Economic Development Measure. Fiftieth Anniversary of Publication of the Article by Prof. Zdzisław Hellwig." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 16, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.56.
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2018 marked the 50th anniversary of publication in Przegląd Statystyczny journal of an article entitled: “Procedure of evaluating high level manpower data and typology of countries by means of the taxonomic method” written by prof. Zdzisław Hellwig. This article is one of the most frequently quoted articles published in Przegląd Statystyczny and is one of the most often quoted articles in Polish economic literature. More importantly, the number of quotations has been growing recently. The pattern of economic development method developed in the article was the first proposal of a method of linear ordering in the area of economic research. The method is still used and has become an inspiration for many methodological studies concerning multidimensional comparative analysis written since the 1970s. Apart from drawing attention to the “phenomenon” of prof. Hellwig’s publication and, in particular, its impact on the development of economic research in Poland, the main purpose of the study is presentation of the complex procedure of a dynamic approach to measuring development which integrates the issue of selection of diagnostic variables and comparability of Hellwig’s development measures from different periods. The proposed procedure was illustrated with an analysis of the standard of living of residents of Polish voivodships (NUTS 2) in 2005–2016.
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Nowicka-Ciecierska, Magdalena. "Uchem krytyka. Idiom kompozytorski Pawła Szymańskiego w ujęciu Andrzeja Chłopeckiego." Res Facta Nova. Teksty o muzyce współczesnej, no. 20 (29) (December 15, 2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rfn.2019.20.3.
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The article aims to present the compositional idiom of Paweł Szy-mański (b. 1954) as conceived by Andrzej Chłopecki (1950–2012), an outstanding Polish music critic and musicologist. His opinion-forming texts, written in a distinctive language, resonated widely in the Polish and international music community. The article has the character of a review, presenting quotations from Chłopecki’s texts regarded by the author as the most significant, confronted with self-reflections of the composer himself, as well as references to other researchers’ com-ments. The initial part of the article describes Chłopecki’s promotional activities in relation to Szymański’s work. As an active employee of the Polish Radio, Chłopecki was in a position to commission works, prepare programmes on the subject of the composer’s music, as well as organise a monographic festival presenting the majority of his works. The next section of the article recapitulates the first important text by this opinion-forming critic which discusses the works of Szymański, titled W poszukiwaniu utraconego ładu. „Pokolenie” Stalowej Woli [In search of lost order. The Stalowa Wola „generation”]. In it the critic emphasised the role of tonality and the Baroque as the arche-type always present in the composer’s music. The central part of the article discusses the main features of Szymański’s music, the subject of Chłopecki’s later texts; these included heterophony, bidirection-al composing, and the dialectic interplay between structure and its transformations. The last section of the article talks about the charge made by the critic against the composer, that of remaining within the same aesthetics, even though placing his compositions among the most significant and individual phenomena of postmodernist music.
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Kisztelińska-Węgrzyńska, Agnieszka. "Wizyta Willy’ego Brandta w Polsce w dniach 6–8 grudnia 1970 roku w świetle ówczesnej prasy polskiej." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 17 (April 28, 2009): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2009.17.02.
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On 6–8th December 1970, Willy Brandt made his first state visit to Poland as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. The unusual historical significance of the event was occasioned by the importance of the treaties signed at the time with the aim of stabilising relations between the two states. In preparation, six sessions of diplomatic talks were held prior to the German leader’s visit and concluding on 18th November 1970. The Polish press gave both the negotiations and the visit itself extensive coverage. This provides profoundly interesting details concerning the Polish-German negotiations, which were a result of the new Social Democrat Social Democrats Eastern policy. It represents a viewpoint of great significance, inasmuch as it presents the outlook of the press’s principals, which is to say, the state authorities. They attempted to convey a specific image of the Brandt-Cyrankiewicz-Gomułka meeting, one that was far from true, and lacking in detail and commentary, but serving a purpose nevertheless, as all good propaganda should. The image of W. Brandt’s first state visit to Poland presented by the article is reconstructed on the basis of the Polish press coverage. To this end, twenty national and local titles are analysed. The true course of events was distorted in line with distinct political goals. In all likelihood, manipulation of the contents occurred in the capital, from whence schema, scenarios and comments prepared in advance were sent to individual regional and local dailies. Paradoxically, it was the local dailies, each printing up to 100 thousand copies, who could allow themselves a greater ‘freedom’, and it in these that we can find original headlines, unique photographs, columns by selected journalists, recapitulations bearing bylines, and unadulterated quotations from the foreign press and the overviews published therein. Undoubtedly, Brandt’s visit to Poland in December 1970 was also an historic landmark for the Polish authorities, who were well aware of the meeting’s significance.
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Sitko, Anna. "O inwencyjnym zapleczu Kazania przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa Józefa Wereszczyńskiego." Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ssp.2019.14.18.
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The article presents Stadło małżeńskie by Jan Płoczywłos Mrowiński (1514–1580) as one of the inspirational sources of Kazanie przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa by Józef Wereszczyński (b. after 1531, d. 1598). In the latter work, the quotations taken from the first work on marriage in the Polish language are intertwined with excepts from Żywot człowieka poczciwego [Life of an Honest Man] by Mikołaj Rej (1505–1569). As an author of the sermon in question prepared for the occasion of Stanisław Piotrowski’s betrothal, Wereszczyński rarely utilised the excerpts from Mrowiński’s treatise mechanically. He rather tends to abbreviate the fragments of Stadło małżeńskie, translocate them, develop on their pattern, and device substitution (e.g. by replacing biblical quotes with proverbs). It has to be emphasized that the Catholic preacher shared Mrowiński’s conviction regarding the voluntariness of entering into marriage, which ought to be based on mutual love.
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Korzeb, Zbigniew. "The Influence of Currency Risk Upon the Market Value of Commercial Banks Operating in the Polish Banking Sector." e-Finanse 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0129.
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Abstract The objective of the paper is to analyse the impact of the Swiss National Bank’s decision to introduce the floating exchange rate of the franc on January 15th, 2015, upon the market value of commercial banks operating in the Polish banking sector. The analysis involved twelve commercial banks quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The results are inconclusive. The predicted reduction of the banks’ market value was less significant than indicated by market investors’ reaction on the day after the announcement of the decision to introduce the floating exchange rate of the franc. The banks most prone to granting credit denominated in CHF did experience the largest reduction of their share quotations. However, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient calculated for the correlation between the average cumulative abnormal returns on shares for the entire analysed sample, and the proportion of credits denominated in Swiss francs in the total credit portfolio, indicated only a moderate correlation between both variables.
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Feng, Jiejian, Liming Liu, and Xiaoming Liu. "TECHNICAL NOTE—An Optimal Policy for Joint Dynamic Price and Lead-Time Quotation." Operations Research 59, no. 6 (December 2011): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.1110.0969.
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Alpa, Guido. "The Making of Consumer Law and Policy in Europe and Italy." European Business Law Review 29, Issue 4 (July 1, 2018): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2018023.
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Before the creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 the Italian legal system did not know the notion of consumer in its legal meaning: “consumer” was a sociological and economic concept. Buyt for a quotation of this term in the Report made in 1942 by the Minister of Justice to the King concerning the presentation of the new Civil Code no statute had any reference to it. Only with the enactement of EC directives in different fields and only with the development of products liability the notion of consumer began to be a solid concept with important legal aspects. Today consumers occupy a relevent place in themarket, in contract law, in tort law, and also in competition law, and concumers associations are strong counterparties of entrepreneurs.