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Journal articles on the topic 'Polish-ukrainian war'
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1
Pankevych, Ivan M. "WAR REPARATIONS: POLISH EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN PROSPECTS." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Law" 1, no. 8 (2024): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2709-6408-2024-1-8-11.
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The article examines the problem of Ukraine collecting war reparations from the Russian Federation. A few years ago, it seemed that the problem of collecting war reparations concerned only the consequences of the Second World War and would certainly never again affect the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. However, the events of the last two and a half years show that it will continue to be relevant. The Polish experience of collecting war reparations from Germany, although not a model to follow, clearly confirms that the problem of paying reparations is difficult even in relations between two states that adhere to the norms of international law. Regarding Russia, let's recall the famous statement of the Chancellor of the German Empire, Otto von Bismarck, who claimed that agreements with Russia are not worth the paper they are written on. Therefore, Ukraine must rely on itself and on the help of the international community in collecting military reparations.
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Thompson, Ewa. "Polish Responses to the Ukrainian War." Chesterton Review 48, no. 1 (2022): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2022481/229.
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Sosnowska, Joanna. "Polarisation or Dialogue? Media Image of Polish-Ukrainian Relations During the War in Ukraine in the Broadcast of the Polish Magazine on TVP Polonia." Polish Political Science Review 12, no. 2 (2024): 20–34. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2024-0009.
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Abstract TVP Polonia adapted its programming to the war in Ukraine, focusing on the conflict’s impact, particularly on its compatriots living there, by centring much of its content around the ongoing crisis.As one of the few Polish TV stations, it had the opportunity to work with journalists permanently living in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to describe the media image of Polish-Ukrainian relations during the war in Ukraine in the television broadcast of the program “Studio Lviv” carried out by Polish journalists in Lviv. The material for analysis was selected on the basis of the following criteria: (1) temporal, the year of the war (February 2022-February 2023) a total of 50 archived episodes and (2) issues concerning the war and Polish-Ukrainian relations (in the area of topics and visualisation of communication about the war). The content analysis research is in the nature of a media-culturalist perspective (according to Denis McQualin), in which media communication gives priority to the content and form of the media message. In the area of form, the mechanisms of audiovisual message construction were indicated, while in the area of content, the research material was categorised in four main contexts located in the area of Polish-Ukrainian relations: social, historical, cultural and political contexts. Analysis of the research material showed a clear dominance in the program of the subject matter of the war in Ukraine after the outbreak of war on 24 February 2022. The perspective of Polish journalists determined the way of telling about the situation of Ukraine during the Russian onslaught and Polish-Ukrainian relations. Exposing dialogue and cooperation confirmed the hypothesis that the message of the Polish-American TV magazine on public television created a positive image of Polish-Ukrainian relations.
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Bogorodetska, Olga. "Ukrainian-Polish Partner Cities’ Cooperation during the 2022 War." Studia Polityczne 50, no. 4 (2023): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2022.50.4.02.
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The cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian partner cities has changed significantly since the beginning of the war in Ukraine in 2022. Traditional widely spread cultural programmes and projects were displaced by humanitarian assistance. Ukrainian cities (authorities) and the entire Ukrainian society affected by the war received the support mostly from Poland. The following research shows how cooperation between Polish-Ukrainian partner cities has changed in terms of law, areas of cooperation, the geography of the expanded partnership, and forms and types of assistance since 24 February 2022. Selected examples of partnership cooperation between Ukrainian-Polish cities are analysed taking account of a significant number of initiatives and programmes.
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Bosak, Edgar. "VECTORS OF MODERN POLISH-UKRAINIAN COOPERATION IN CINEMATOGRAPHY." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 1 (48) (June 11, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280214.
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The article is devoted to the importance of modern cinematography in the development of Polish-Ukrainian cultural cooperation. Attention is drawn to the special features of cinematography, which make it an important mediator for the transmission of important socio-political narratives. The main thematic vectors of modern Polish-Ukrainian cinematography are analyzed in the chronological sequence of historical events. The main thematic areas are defined as: the era of the Cossacks, the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people of 1917 – 1921, the events of the Second World War, the «Volyn tragedy», the Revolution of Dignity and the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. The article provides examples of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation in cinematography: the involvement of Polish and Ukrainian actors in one film, the cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian directors, the creation of feature films by Ukrainian directors with the support of Polish cultural institutions, and the introduction of these films by the Polish public at cinema festivals. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of each topic. In particular, films about the Cossack era have noticeable differences in interpretation, which is caused by the still existing differences in Polish and Ukrainian historiography regarding the figure of B. Khmelnytskyi and the Cossacks in general. The subject of 1917 – 1921 is revealed rather weakly, and the main event around which discussions take place is the Union «Pilsudskyi-Petlyura» (Warsaw Treaty of 1920). Perhaps the most irritating and dangerous for Polish-Ukrainian relations is the topic of the «Volyn Tragedy», which has a special significance in the historical memory of the Polish and Ukrainian peoples. For the most part, films on this topic are documentaries based on the memories of eyewitnesses. A new phenomenon are feature films on the topic of the Revolution of Dignity and the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. First of all, they are designed to counteract Russian propaganda, to acquaint the Polish public with the true intentions of Russia, and to draw the attention of the world community to this problem.
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Wróbel, Piotr. "Polish-Ukrainian Relations during World War II." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 26, no. 1 (2012): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325411398910.
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After the fall of communism in 1989–1991, Poland and Ukraine could have become partners in international, economic, and cultural fields. Yet despite many positive achievements, the contemporary Polish-Ukrainian cooperation did not fully develop. Among many reasons that slow down the Polish-Ukrainian rapprochement, historical memories seem to be especially detrimental. The remembrances of World War II are the most destructive. Both Poles and Ukrainians understand that the only way to change this situation is to study and discuss the common history. A list of works on Polish-Ukrainian relations during World War II is long. Yet most of these publications offer broad pictures and present Polish-Ukrainian relations in general or in particular regions, such as Volhynia (Wołyń) or Eastern Galicia. This microstudy, devoted to the town of Boryslav (Borysław) in the years 1939 to 1945, tries to show how the conflicts were born, how they became embedded in human memory, and, finally, how they were transformed into historical stereotypes. The text concentrates on the crucial moments of World War II in Boryslav and describes how Poles and Ukrainians reacted differently to the consecutive challenges and how these various reactions shaped their relationship. The article ends with a conclusion that the five years of the war tore apart the Poles and Ukrainians of Boryslav and the post-1945 iron Polish-Soviet border divided the both sides and created a situation in which World War II attitudes froze for a long time.
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Demska-Budzuliak, Lesya. "UKRAINIAN-POLISH INTELLECTUAL CONNECTIONS: THE CHALLENGES OF HISTORY." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 40 (2024): 311–33. https://doi.org/10.17721/psk.2024.40.311-333.
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The article examines the characteristics and particularities of Ukrainian-Polish intellectual and scientific exchanges from the late 19th to the early 21st centuries. It reveals that the initiation and development of scientific collaboration were often influenced by political events: Poland’s regained independence in the early 20th century and the Ukrainian statehood movement throughout the 20th and into the 21st century. This context contributed to a unique aspect of Ukrainian-Polish scholarly cooperation, where not only Ukrainians from both sides of the border but also members of both nations actively participated, distinguishing it from other international Ukrainian scientific interactions. At the same time, it is noted that the source of most Ukrainian-Polish conflicts were Russian narratives. These narratives were intended to weaken Ukrainian-Russian relations and increase Russia’s colonial pressure. Two political initiatives significantly influenced the development of intellectual relations between Ukrainians and Poles and their collaborative resistance to Russian imperial expansion: the “Prometheus” society and the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Warsaw (1930-1939). Additionally, the role of Jerzy Giedroyc’s Paris-based magazine “Culture» in fostering independent Ukrainian intellectual thought in post-World War II Europe is examined. Two main trends of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the post-war period of the existence of the USSR are identified: -in spite of and -for that. Cooperation was important for Ukrainian-Polish intellectual relations in emigration, despite the tragic conflicts that broke out between the two nations during the Second World War. Instead, cooperation between scientists of Soviet Ukraine and post-war Poland was based on the principle of conveying to the “free world” the truth about the Soviet open occupation of Ukraine and her pressure on Poland. The role of Polish intellectuals and institutions in shaping independent Ukrainian humanitarian science within the broader European context following the reestablishment of Ukraine’s statehood at the end of the 20th century is highlighted.
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Gotovetsky, Pavel. "A war hero or a Hitler soldier?" Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.50-57.
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The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations.
 Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.
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KOVALENKO, Tetiana. "Memory of the First World War in the monumental art of Poland." Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3735.
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Background. The article deals with the reflection of the First World War of 1914–1918 in the monumental art of Poland. Therefore, memorial buildings and monuments are not only the realization of the creative plan of artists, i.e. their authors, but also a re-flection of a political course of the state, the experience gained, hopes, expectations, losses of people. That is why they allow us to understand the memory of the First World War in Poland. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study how the events of the First World War are reflected in the monumental art of Poland, and on this basis to consider the for-mation of historical memory, past and present practices of commemoration of the tragic events of 1914–1918. Results. The heroes and the memory of the victims of the First World War are re-spected in Poland, which in particular can be observed in the improvement of memorial complexes, memorials and other similar constructions. At the same time, the memory of the global military conflict is identified primarily with the restoration of independence. For most Poles, November 11, 1918 is associated not so much with the end of the Great War of 1914–1918 as with the birth of the Second Polish Republic of 1918–1939. Thus, the heroes of the military conflict are seen as the fighters for independence. On the other hand, the monumental buildings reflect the difficult path to independence, i.e. the division of Polish lands on the eve of the First World War and the difficulties in the establishing borders after its end. The First World War of 1914–1918 remains an important period in history. Commemorative practices, in general, coincide with those conducted in Western European countries, and, at the same time, they are mostly visible in the above position. Key words: the First World War, monumental art, Poland, memory, places of memory, commemoration. 1915: War, Province, Man: Ukrainian-Polish Accents, 2016. Materials of the Interna-tional Scientific Symposium, Kharkiv, 17 kvitnya 2015 r. (Polish Almanac, iss. 8). Kharkiv: Majdan. (In Ukrainian) 90 Years Ago, the Remains of an Unnamed Defender of Lviv were Buried in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 2016 [online] Available at: https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/90-lat-temu-w-grobie-nieznanego-zolnierza-zlozono-szczatki-bezimiennego-obroncy-lwowa [Ac-cessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Baczkowski, M. i Ruszała, K., red., 2016. The Military Experiences of the Great War. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. (In Polish) Collingwood, R. G., 1996. The Idea of History. Kyyiv, Osnovy. Available at: http://litopys.org.ua/colin/colin.htm [Accessed 01 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Girzyński, Z. i Kłaczkow, J., red., 2018. Legions and their Influence on the Polish Cause in the Years 1914–1918. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. (In Polish) Hrycak, Ya., 2011. Passions for Nationalism. Old Story in a New Way. Kyyiv: Krytyka. Available at: https://uamoderna.com/images/biblioteka/Hrytsak_Strasti.PDF [Accessed 02 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Jamrozek-Sowa, A., Ożóg, Z. i Wal, A., red., 2016. World War I in Literature and other Cultural Texts: Reinterpretations and Additions. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. (In Polish) Kamionowska, J., 2019. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw – what is its History? [online] J. Kamionowska. Available at: https://histmag.org/Grob-Nieznanego-Zolnierza-w-Warszawie-jaka-jest-jego-historia-12135 [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Kowalski, W., 2016. 86 Years Ago, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was Established [online] W. Kowalski. Available at: https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/86-lat-temu-powstal-grob-nieznanego-zolnierza [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Kyrydon, A., 2011. “Memory masks” in the Conditions of Public Breaks. Kyyivs"ka starovyna, 2, pp. 161–170. (In Ukrainian) Lwówek Śląski. Monument to the Victims of World War I, 2021 [online]. Available at: http://www.polskaniezwykla.pl/web/place/26278,lwowek-slaski-pomnik-ofiar-i-wojny-swiatowej.html [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to “Peowiak”, Małachowski Square, 2021. Fundacja “Warszawa1939.pl” [online]. Fundacja “Warszawa1939.pl”. Available at: http://www.warszawa1939.pl/ obiekt/pomnik-peowiaka [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to Peowiak, 2021. „e-kartka z Warszawy” [online]. “e-kartka z War-szawy”. Available at: http://ekartkazwarszawy.pl/kartka/pomnik-peowiaka/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to the Legions, 2021. Retropedia Radomia [online] Retropedia Radomia. Available at: http://www.retropedia.radom.pl/pomnik-czynu-legionow/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Monument to the Victims of World War I in Wrocław, 2021 [online]. Available at: https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g11lglg1_4d [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Nahorna, L., 2012. Historical Memory: Theories, Discourses, Reflections. Kyyiv: IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrayiny. (In Ukrainian) Nora, P., 1989. Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representa-tions. Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory, 25. Available at: https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/ARCH230/PierreNora.pdf [Accessed 01 August 2021] Nora, P., 2005. Universal Triumph of Memory. Neprikosnovennyj zapas, 2. Available at: https://magazines.gorky.media/nz/2005/2/vsemirnoe-torzhestvo-pamyati.html [Ac-cessed 01 August 2021] (In Russian) Obelisk on Kaim Hill, 2009 [online]. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193129/http://www.cmentarze.jasonek.pl/cmentarz.php?id=500 [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Osiej, D., 2019. Unveiling of the Monument to the Legionnaire in Radom – August 1930 [online]. Available at: https://www.cozadzien.pl/radom/odsloniecie-pomnika-legionisty-w-radomiu-sierpien-1930/60609 [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish) Piskun, V. M., 2011. Historical Memory and Commemoration as a Way to Unite the Community: Ukrainian Realities in the Past and Today. National and historical memory, 1. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Ntip_2011_1_9 [Accessed 02 August 2021]. (In Ukrainian) Polovynchak, Yu. M., 2018. Commemorative Practices in Modern Information Space. Library Science. Documentation. Informology. 2. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/bdi_2018_2_15 [Accessed 02 August 2021] (In Ukrainian) Roman Kosmala. Artist’s Website, 2021 [online]. Available at: http://romankosmala.com/roman-kosmala/biografia/ [Accessed 03 August 2021]. (In Polish) Seniów, J., 2004. On the Way to Independence: the Krakow Press against the Polish Legions during World War I (1914–1918). Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. (In Polish) Snopko, J., 2008. The Finale of the Epic of the Polish Legions 1916–1918. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2008. (In Polish) Szlanta, P., 2016. The Great Polish-Polish War. Poles in the Ranks of the Partitioning Armies during World War I. Outline of the Problem. W: Baczkowski, M. i Ruszała, K., red. Doświadczenia żołnierskie Wielkiej Wojny. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ss.51–76. (In Polish) The First World War and the Problems of State Formation in Central and Eastern Eu-rope (to the 90th anniversary of the end of the First World War), 2009. Materials of the In-ternational Scientific Conference, Chernivci, 29–30 zhovtnya 2008 r.). Chernivci: Cher-nivec"kyj nacional"nyj universytet im. Yuriya Fed"kovycha. (In Ukrainian) The Peoples of the World and the Great War of 1914–1918, 2015. Materials of All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference, Vinnycya, 3–4 kvit. 2015 r. Vinnycya: Nilan. (In Ukraini-an) Wrocław: Consecration of the Monument to the Victims of World War I, 2007 [online]. Available at: https://www.ekai.pl/wroclaw-poswiecenie-pomnika-ofiar-i-wojny-swiatowej/ [Accessed 04 August 2021]. (In Polish)
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VOITOVYCH, Lеоntiy. "THE FORGOTTEN POLISH-TURKISH WAR ON UKRAINIAN LANDS (1672–1676)." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 37 (2023): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2023-37-14-31.
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The Polish-Turkish war of 1672–1676 almost did not arouse the interest of Ukrainian researchers, although the causes of the war were the situation and events in Ukrainian lands, the fighting took place exclusively on Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian cities and villages were burned, and the Ukrainian population was mainly recruited into the camp. This already determines the relevance of such research. In the historiography, the events of the war are covered in a rather one-sided way, and the Ukrainian historiography considered these problems as marginal, while the Polish historiography gravitated towards the apologetics of the main hero of the war, the hetman, and then King Jan III Sobieski. Many episodes of the war have remained unnoticed by researchers, the role of individual personalities, in particular the Ukrainian hetmans Petro Doroshenko and Mykhailo Khanenko, remains incompletely illuminated or distorted by outdated stereotypes. The article attempts to revise the coverage and assessments of the course of the war, focusing more attention on the Ukrainian military formations and their leaders who participated in the hostilities of both opposing sides. The causes and consequences of individual campaigns, battles and their results, in particular those fixed in the course of complex compromise negotiations, are analyzed. Certain old stereotypes have been corrected, attention has been focused on important episodes that have fallen out of the field of view of researchers of the problem. Some new problems have been raised that need to be solved in the course of further research. Keywords: the Polish-Turkish war, the siege of Lviv, the second battle of Khotyn, the battle of Zhuravno, the Peace of Zhuravno, the Ukrainian Cossacks, Petro Doroshenko, Mykhailo Khanenko.
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Макар, Віталій. "ІСТОРИЧНА ПАМ’ЯТЬ І ПРОБЛЕМА УКРАЇНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКОГО ПРИМИРЕННЯ". Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, № 2 (19) (2 вересня 2024): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2024-02-175-191.
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The author aims to analyze, through the prism of the Russian Federation’s at- tempts to eliminate Ukrainian statehood and force Ukrainians to renounce their national identity, Ukrainian-Polish relations in historical retrospect. Their deve- lopment is hindered by negative stereotypes that arose in the past. The Ukrai- nian-Polish contradictions culminated in the aftermath of World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires collapsed. The fact is that the lands of mixed Ukrainian-Polish residence were claimed by the reviving Poland, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, on the other. In the interwar years, Ukrainian-Polish contra- dictions accumulated. And during World War II, they were further exacerbated by the policies of Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s USSR, which were facilitated in the realization of their imperial plans. The author examined whether there were any attempts at Ukrainian-Polish rec- onciliation during the last century and how the issue of overcoming negative stereotypes in relations between Ukrainians and Poles looks like in the current situation, when Poland is one of the main defenders of Ukraine against Russian aggression. The author has used interesting and not always accessible general materials to substantiate his arguments. The article deals with attempts at Ukrainian-Polish political reconciliation at various levels of public representation, from state and political leaders of both countries, Ukrainian and Polish scholars, to specific in- dividuals, such as Bohdan Osadchuk on the Ukrainian side and Jerzy Giedroyc on the Polish side.
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Fytsyk, Larysa, and Igor Fytsyk. "INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE INTO THE CULTURAL SPACE OF EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF FULL-SCALE WAR (CASE STUDY OF POLISH CITIES)." European Historical Studies, no. 29 (2024): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2024.29.17.
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The article examines the peculiarities of Ukraine’s integration into the cultural space of Europe in the conditions of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Using the example of the largest Polish cities, it argues that despite the war, Ukraine deepens cultural cooperation with EU countries. The article emphasizes that cooperation between Ukraine and Poland is particularly fruitful and indicative of Ukraine’s successful cultural integration into the EU. Polish cities serve as the main platforms for this process, creating significant opportunities for Ukrainian artists and cultural figures to improve their skills and exchange experience with Polish and foreign colleagues. Special attention is focused on the significant role played by municipalities and non-governmental cultural organizations in Polish cities. These entities, alongside state authorities, contribute significantly to the implementation of creative projects by Ukrainian cultural figures. Their assistance is particularly valuable as it enables Ukrainian artists to showcase their work, attract the attention of the European audience, and raise awareness about the cultural heritage of their war-torn country. It is emphasized that a variety of projects in the fields of visual arts exhibitions, music, theater, and cinema, aimed at presenting Ukrainian culture, have been implemented in Polish cities. This highlights the unwavering solidarity and support of the Polish citizens towards the Ukrainian people. These initiatives have enabled Ukrainian artists to quickly adapt to new realities by integrating cultural, educational, and entertainment components, and also by organizing charitable events, including fundraising and collecting donations for Ukrainian soldiers and providing humanitarian aid to those affected by the war. A conclusion has been drawn that the significance of such cultural and artistic initiatives, occurring within the cultural space of Polish cities amid the full-scale war, is evident. This is because such activities promote Ukrainian culture in the EU, facilitate receiving assistance from international and European institutions. Therefore, further collaboration between our nations and cities in the cultural realm is essential.
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Woldan, Alois. "Buchach – a city at the meeting point of different national narratives." Galicja. Studia i materiały 7 (2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/galisim.2021.7.1.
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Our article presents three different historic narratives of the city of Buchach in former Eastern Galicia, a Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian one, according to the city’s mixed population, consisting of a larger Jewish, a smaller Polish and a still smaller Ukrainian group. The Polish historic narrative is represented by Sadok Barącz’s book “Pamiątki buczackie”, the Ukrainian one by the Historical and Memoiristical Collection “The City of Buchach and its Region”, compiled by emigration writers, and the Jewish narrative by Y.S. Agnon’s “A City in its Fulness”. These sources provide different ways of presenting history, sometimes converging and sometimes diverging from each other, which is illustrated by the depiction of selected historic events: the siege of the city by Chmelnicki’s troops in 1648, the role of the city in the Polish-Turkish war of 1672, the importance of Austrian rule since 1772 for the city, and the city’s fate in the time of World War I and immediately after the war. Our comparison of the above three historic narratives ends with the re-evaluation of the figure of Mikołaj Potocki, Polish nobleman, who today is held in high esteem by Ukrainian historians of art because of his function as a founder of the most beautiful buildings in Buchach and a sponsor of famous artists, creators of these architectural monuments. He is seen as a mediator between the Polish and Ukrainian tradition.
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Hapon, Nadiya, Agata Chudzicka-Czupała, Marta Żywiołek-Szeja, Zlatyslav Dubniak, and Roger Ho. "Motivation and the Psycho-Emotional Reaction of Volunteers in War-Time." Journal of Education Culture and Society 15, no. 1 (2024): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2024.1.101.117.
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Aim. The aim was to study motivation functions and the psycho-emotional reaction to participation in volunteering in Polish and Ukrainian volunteers who assisted Ukrainian refugees at the beginning of the war in Ukraine in 2022. Methods. For the empirical study of volunteers, the team of authors developed the questionnaire. The Volunteer Functions Inventory VFI and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS were used. The significance of the differences between the mean results of the measured variables in the Polish and Ukrainian samples was tested using the Student's t-test. Volunteers' expectations of volunteer leaders were tested by analysing responses to the open exploratory question. Results. The article reveals similarities and significant differences between Polish and Ukrainian volunteers in their motives and psycho-emotional reactions to volunteering. A common motive for both samples is that they are not helping for the sake of their professional careers. Ukrainian volunteers had higher rates of protective, religious, and social motivation functions of volunteering. Polish volunteers had higher rates of motivation based on understanding and empowerment opportunities. Ukrainian volunteers scored higher than Polish volunteers on the depression, anxiety, and stress scales. Volunteers' motivation expectations of leaders indicate the importance for volunteers of leaders' adherence to values, openness of intentions and actions, and attentiveness to volunteers' difficulties. Conclusion. The survey results can be used in psychological training for volunteers, in planning the activities of volunteer leaders, and in developing new methods for studying volunteer motivation.
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Woldan, Alois. "Andere Stimmen – Protest gegen Krieg und Gewalt in der polnischen und ukrainischen Dichtung über den Ersten Weltkrieg." Przegląd Humanistyczny 63, no. 1 (464) (2019): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4970.
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Polish and Ukrainian poetry on World War I have much in common: they were written mainly by soldier-poets, young men fighting in the Polish Legions or the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen. This poetry is, first of all, a patriotic legitimation of the war as a way of regaining political independence. Heroism and suffering for the fatherland are dominating issues. Nevertheless, besides this pathetic gesture, we can find voices that point out the horror of war and question it at all. Such criticisms is expressed by certain motives, which appear in both the Legions’ and the Sich Riflemens’ poetry, like: fratricide, lists from soldiers to their families at home, devastation of nature and culture, autumn and death, as well as pacifist notions. These voices do not form any dominant discourse in the poetry on World War I, but they are not to be ignored, as they mark a common place in the Polish and Ukrainian literature at this time, which has not been researched until now.
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Olena Vyhovska, Olena Vyhovska, Volodimir Vyhovskyi Volodimir Vyhovskyi, and Viktoriia Ivaniuta Viktoriia Ivaniuta. "UKRAINIAN-POLISH RELATIONS DURING THE WAR: FINANCIAL ASPECT." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 04 (2023): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd14042023-78.
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This article delves into the complex international relations between Ukraine and Poland amidst the backdrop of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Focused on military, financial, and humanitarian aspects, the study examines the extent of support provided by various nations, emphasizing the role of Poland as an early and significant contributor. Utilizing extensive data, the article reveals the magnitude of financial aid, with the United States and Germany leading the contributions. Additionally, it explores non-refundable aid, highlighting the diverse sources and amounts. The authors scrutinize military, financial, and humanitarian commitments, shedding light on the substantial assistance directed towards priority state budget expenditures. Despite challenges, Poland's multifaceted support, including the provision of residential modules and social benefits for displaced Ukrainians, underscores the depth of collaboration. However, the article acknowledges hurdles in fostering transparent diplomatic relations, citing the influence of political elites and speculative discourse surrounding the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The study concludes with a snapshot of the refugee situation, emphasizing Poland's significant role in providing legal recognition and social assistance to over 1,7 million Ukrainian citizens. Overall, the analysis paints a nuanced picture of the evolving dynamics between Ukraine and Poland during this critical period. Keywords: military situation, Ukrainian-Polish relations, financial support, cooperation
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Borymskyi, Vitalii. "The Polish-Ukrainian Alliance of 1920 and “White” Russia." Polish Review 67, no. 2 (2022): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23300841.67.2.04.
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Abstract Relations in the Polish-Ukrainian-Russian triangle have never been simple. The history of the Polish-Soviet war of 1920 is one of the illustrative moments. Although the Polish offensive against the Bolsheviks in April 1920 was tactically beneficial to Petr Vrangel's Russian Army, the Russian white emigration was largely hostile to Józef Piłsudski's Ukrainian policy. The main reason for this hostility was the project of Poland's support for the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Russian public opinion could not support either the Bolsheviks or the Poles with the Ukrainians in this war. The article examines a wide range of Russian non-Bolshevik political thought. Through the prism of Russian national identity, the article explains how a wide range of Russian anti-Bolshevik politicians and public figures, from monarchists to Mensheviks, perceived Polish policy toward Ukraine in 1920. This research is not a study of Vrangel's Ukrainian policy, although this is an important background, but rather a study of political thought and history of ideas.
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Bozhuk, Liudmyla, and Lesia Khaletska. "Events of the Russian-Ukrainian war (2022-2024): Ukrainian and Polish experience of documentation and representation." Society.Document.Communication 9, no. 2 (2024): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.69587/sdc/2.2024.29.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the Ukrainian and Polish experiences of documenting the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war in institutional, organisational, and methodological aspects, from the standpoint of the goals of documenting and presenting the collected evidence as an important factor in the development of national identity and the preservation of historical memory. To achieve this goal, the activities of state institutions and public organisations documenting events/crimes of the Russian-Ukrainian war both in Ukraine and in the Republic of Poland were analysed. The methodological basis of the research was general scientific and special methods of studying problems, the use of which helped to achieve this goal. The use of a complex of general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, system and functional approaches, classification and systematisation, description, explanation, and generalisation helped to outline the problem of documenting and presenting the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022-2024 by state institutions and public organisations. The problem and thematic method was used to understand the Ukrainian and Polish experiences of documenting and presenting the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022-2024. As a result of the study, it was found that both in Ukraine and in Poland, the process of documenting the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war and war crimes committed by the Russian aggressor by both state institutions and public associations is actively continuing. The dependence of the types and methods of documentation on the conditions of its implementation is clarified, and the basis of documented information is oral, written, photo, video, and film examinations. It is proved that the common goal of documenting the events/crimes of the Russian-Ukrainian war by all institutions is to create an evidence base for bringing Russian aggressors to justice by the International Criminal Court. The practical value of the scientific heritage, given the limited research in the Ukrainian scientific discourse of this topic, is a comprehensive coverage of the Ukrainian and Polish experiences of documenting and presenting the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war 2022-2024 to preserve historical memory, comprehending the experiences of the war for future generations
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Baziur, Grzegorz. "Activities of the Emergency Service of Boy-Scouts and Girl-Scouts of the Małopolska District in the Scope of Assistance for War Refugees from Ukraine in the Light of Messages From the Scout Headquarters and Scouts Reports." Przegląd Nauk o Obronności, no. 19 (June 10, 2024): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/pno/189891.
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ObjectivesThe main purpose of the article is to show examples of help from the Polish authorities and society for Ukrainian war refugees by using the example of the activity of the Emergency Service of Boy-Scouts and Girl-Scouts (PHiH) of the Polish Scouting Association (ZHR) after the Russian aggression against Ukraine, undertaken on February 24, 2022.MethodsThe source basis for the study is documents regarding the activities of the Emergency Service of Boy-Scouts and Girl-Scouts and reports on the service on the Polish-Ukrainian border, available on the ZHR websites, the Facebook social network, and messages from the PHiH Staff of the Małopolska District of the ZHR. Due to the current development of events, the author has adopted a descriptive model focused on describing the current situation in Ukraine.ResultsThe author described the activities of the PHiH in the Małopolska District of the ZHR, showing various aspects of the scout service for war refugees. In the face of war refugees in need of help, Polish scout organisations, including Małopolska District of the ZHR joined the auxiliary service in Krakow and on the border with Ukraine, the activities of the ZHR result from the Law and the Scout Promise.ConclusionsThe result of the article is a description of the service of PHiH scouts and scouts for Ukrainian war refugees and its examples. It is an important contribution to attempts to describe the Russian-Ukrainian war in its various aspects, and its content fits into its context.
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Kravets, Danylo. "JEWISH AND POLISH DISCOURSES AMONG THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN 1940s – 1980s (BASED ON MYKHAYLO DEMKOVYCH-DOBRIANSKYI ARCHIVE)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-157-164.
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The paper describes M. Demkovych-Dobrianskyi’s views on Ukrainian-Polish and Ukrainian-Jewish relations in historical perspective and his efforts to reach reconciliation between three nations after World War II. Mykhaylo Demkovych-Dobrianskyi, well-known Ukrainian publicist and historian, edited a few Ukrainian periodicals both in Lviv and during his immigration afterwards. Early in 1930s he published articles in different Western Ukrainian newspapers, in which he underlined the necessity for a constructive dialog with Poles. As a “Problemy” magazine editor in late 1940s, M. Dobrianskyi gave a start to the Ukrainian-Polish discussion in European media. During 1950–1970 he was the editor-in-charge of Ukrainian section of Radio Liberty (Munich). In 1950s he began showing his scientific interest toward the Jewish problematic. M. Dobriansky prepared a manuscript of a monograph research entitled “Jews in Ukraine. 14‒18 century”. The manuscript has never been published. Also the author presented a few articles dedicated to the Jewish-Ukrainian relations and the State of Israel. The interest in the Jewish question and Jewish history was a rare phenomenon among Ukrainian diaspora after World War II and many of M. Dobriansky’s thoughts were confronted by other foreign Ukrainians. During his stay in London M. Dobrianskyi was in contact with famous activists from Poland (A. Hermaszewski, J. Giedroyc, J. Iranek-Ośmiecki etc.) and Polish organizations established in postwar Europe (Eastern Institute “Reduta”, Polish-Ukrainian Society for Promotion of Friendship and Understanding, “Kultura” (Paris-based) magazine etc.). He is also the author of two monograph researches dedicated to Polish-Ukrainian relations “Ukraina i Polska”, “Potocki i Bobrzyński”. In his works M. Dobrianskyi always raised important issues, some of which are still presented in public agenda, especially an idea of Ukrainian-Polish alliance against Russian imperialism.
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Rydz, Romuald. "Ludność cywilna polskiego Lwowa wobec walk polsko‑ukraińskich w listopadzie 1918 r." Studia Historica Gedanensia 12, no. 1 (2021): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.21.040.15100.
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[The civilian population of Polish Lviv in the face of Polish‑Ukrainian fights in November 1918] The Battle of Lwów in November 1918 is considered one of the most important events of the Polish‑Ukrainian War, which subject was the possession of the Eastern Galicia. In contrast to most of the existing studies devoted to the conflict, the article attempts to scrutinize the attitudes of the Polish population of Lwów towards street fights. Although in such circumstances, the boundary between civilians and soldiers were often smooth, many sources indicate that a significant part of the city’s Polish community were passive. Such behaviors, though should not be identified with the acceptance of the Ukrainian governments in Lwów, contributed to the extension of the fights and made their result uncertain. It seems that, contrary to the common assessment, the Polish reactions were diverse and subject to the influence of many occurrences. In particular, they were shaped by earlier Polish‑Ukrainian relations, the involvement in the independence movement, the fatigue of the experience of the Great War, the intensity of street skirmishes, the actions of the Ukrainian and the Polish military and political management, the material poverty, the plague of crime and the prolonged expectations for a relief. As a result, it can be considered that the Polish success was a work of, diverse in a social origin, the groups of insurgents and the Polish units, which arrived from the Western Galicia, supported only by the part of the civilian inhabitants of Lwów.
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Czornyj, Maksymilian Dymitr. "Suwerenność Ukrainy w latach 1917-1921 w kontekście sytuacji międzynarodowej." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 44 (December 15, 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2014.009.
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Sovereigny of Ukraine in 1917-1921 in the context of international situationThis article discusses Ukrainian independence war 1917-1921, Polish-Ukrainian relations in this time and Polish-Russian war as a background of building the Ukrainian state. The article relates to international public law. The author explains how and if the West Ukrainian People’s Republic reached sovereignty and independence. Suwerenność Ukrainy w latach 1917-1921 w kontekście sytuacji międzynarodowejNiniejszy artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie ukraińskiej walki o niepodległość w latach 1917-1921, polsko ukraińskich relacji w tym czasie oraz polsko rosyjskiej wojny jako tła dla budowy ukraińskiej państwowości. Artykuł dotyczy prawa międzynarodowego publicznego. Autor wyjaśnia, jak i czy Zachodnio-Ukraińska Republika Ludowa uzyskała suwerenność i niepodległość.
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FITSULIAK, Myroslav. "NOVEMBER DAYS OF 1918 IN PRZEMYSL." Contemporary era 6 (2018): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2018-6-163-176.
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This paper intends to analyze events of the beginning of the Polish-Ukrainian War 1918–1919, which are controversial in Ukrainian and foreign historiography. The formation of the Ukrainian authorities in Przemysl, the activities of the county Ukrainian National Council (UNRada), and its measures to establish the coexistence of Ukrainian, Jewish, and Polish peoples are revealed. The loss of Ukrainian positions in Przemysl because of aggression by the numerical superiority of Polish forces is shown. These events played a significant role in the course of events in the future Polish-Ukrainian armed confrontation. The opposing forces had different approaches to an agreement during the unfolding of the armed conflict. The mention of the events of the November Uprising in the western outpost of Ukraine – Przemysl, will restore the historical memory of Ukrainians. It is very relevant during the current situation in the East of Ukraine. Keywords ZUNR, Przemysl, UNRada, armed confrontation, Polish aggression.
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MARCHENKO, Yaroslav. "Vovchukhiv operation of the Ukrainian halychyna’s army (1919): background, progress, aftermath." Contemporary era 6 (2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2018-6-143-152.
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The formation of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in November 1918, was a natural consequence of the long-standing struggle of Ukrainians of Halychyna for statehood. In a difficult situation of the Ukrainian-Polish war 1918–1919, started by Poland, the West Ukrainian People's Republic carried out state and military formation. Close relations with the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) were established; the Ukrainian Halychyna's Army (UHA) was reorganized on the European way and was ready for the West Ukrainian People's Republic armed defense. It was proved that compared to the Polish state, the military potential of the Ukrainians was much weaker. However, a bright demonstration of the UHA's combat readiness was the Vovchukhiv Strategic Offensive Operation in February–March 1919, which put the Polish troops in Lviv, in particular, and in Halychyna, in general in a tough situation. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the background of the Vovchukhiv operation, its course, and the causes of UHA's defeat. The author states that two factors caused the UHA's offensive strategic operation in February 1919. Firstly, the reorganization of the West Ukrainian People's Republic armed forces with weighty strengthening increased their combat capability and readiness for offensive operations. Also, the hard work of governing structures increased morale and combat capabilities of the army. The military successes of the Ukrainian troops, which caused worry and panic in Warsaw, are described. It is noted that the break in the fightings, organized by the Entente mission, was successfully used by the Polish command to reinforcement on the Halychyna Front with reserves from abroad. Specific examples show that in spring 1919, UHA brigades were forced to resist the numerically larger Polish forces. Because of this, they soon lost the results of the offensive operation. Keywords West Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian Halychyna's Army, Poland, Vovchukhiv operation, Polish-Ukrainian war.
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Khakhula, Liubomyr, and Anna Ohar. "PLACES OF MEMORY AS A "TOUCHSTONE" OF UKRAINIAN-POLISH RELATIONS." Problems of humanities. History, no. 6/48 (April 27, 2021): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.6/48.228538.
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Gaczkowski, Marcin. "Dziesięć lat później. Ukraińskie życie polityczne Lwowa w 1928 roku." Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 1, no. 1 (2015): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pomi201502.
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Ten years after. Ukrainian political life in Lviv in 1928. During tne mid-vvar period Lviv was a leading centre of Ukrainian cultural and political life in Polish state. Despite the untavourable polih'cal situation Ukrainian elites tried to create mythologized image of the city as a ”heart and brain” of West Ukraine. In 1928 the opportunities for such actions were, among others, parliamentary elections in March, and - in November - 1oth anniversary of the outbreak of the Ukrainian-Polish war.
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Menshykova, Anastasiia, and Iryna Burchenko. "The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Polish-Ukrainian Economic Relations from the Perspective of the Illusion of Explanatory Depth." VECTORS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, no. 7 (April 18, 2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51895/vss7/a.menshykova/i.burchenko.
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The article explores the impact of the war in Ukraine on Polish-Ukrainian economic relations through the lens of the illusion of explanatory depth. It delves into the complexities and nuances of the economic ties between the two countries in the context of the ongoing conflict, shedding light on the potential consequences and challenges that have arisen. In order to analyse the matter in question, authors do research on the historical background, modern tendencies of the economic relations through social media and interviews with respondents from the field of Polish-Ukrainian relations. The significance of this paper is based on the current happenings, influence of war on the economic relations between these two countries and the rapid challenges and changes that these relations are experiencing. Keywords: Polish-Ukrainian economic relations, illusion of explanatory depth.
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Bilobrovets, Olga. "THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112014.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.
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Ivashko, Yulia, Valerii Tovbych, Artem Hlushchenko, et al. "Preparing for the post-war reconstruction of historical monuments in Ukraine: Considerations in regard of the ongoing Polish post-WWII experience and international law on the protection and conservation of historical monuments." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 11, no. 1 (2023): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2023.11.1.4.
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The article deals with three groups of issues, which are closely interrelated. The main problem discussed is the issue of the reconstruction, revalorisation and protection of Ukrainian monuments exposed to destruction as a result of warfare and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The second issue presented is the experience of Polish conservators in the area of cities destroyed during World War II. The third issue is international legislation in the field of heritage protection, which was analysed for the planned activities in the area of reconstruction and revaluation of Ukrainian monuments after the end of the war. The above-mentioned research was carried out by a Polish-Ukrainian team of heritage conservators, which seeks to be involved in the process of saving Ukrainian cultural heritage.
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Kushnir, Valentyna. "THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN OF FORCED MIGRANTS ABROAD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND)." Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School, no. 1(9) (April 27, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2706-6258.1(9).2023.279344.
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The article highlights the problem of integration of Ukrainian children of forced migrants into the educational space of Poland during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The policy of assistance and psychological and pedagogical support for children of forced migrants in Poland is presented. The cultural and educational challenges faced by children in a foreign country were analyzed. The most important difficulties faced by Polish teachers during the period of adaptation of Ukrainian children are described. The level of children's adaptation to new living conditions after a year of their stay in Poland is outlined.It was found that in Poland during the Russian-Ukrainian war, Ukrainian children were given the opportunity to continue their education in educational institutions, learn the language for free, use social services (free medical care, financial social assistance for each child, financial social assistance for each immigrant, free residence in the country for 120 days, etc.), legal stay in the country.It was found that during the year of stay of Ukrainian children in Polish schools, most of them (about 90%) integrated into the new society, namely: the children learned the Polish language at the level of communication, established positive relations with the new environment, peers, capable of solving daily life problems within school, family, everyday life; take an active part in the social and cultural life of Polish society; have a satisfactory mental state and physical health; demonstrate adequacy in communication and intercultural relations; feel like whole and integrated individuals.About 10% of migrant children still have problems with language and integration. It is still difficult for these children to establish relationships with a new environment, peers, they have communication problems. This category of children includes children who have not attended school for a long time, but studied online in Ukrainian schools, who have problems with motivation to study, are still uncertain about their future, often such children are withdrawn, insecure, hostile to others, timid.
 Key words: forced migrants; adaptation problems; cultural and educational challenges; Polish educational policy; psychological and pedagogical support; integration of Ukrainian children; Russian-Ukrainian war.
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Numadi, Katong Ragawi. "Political Dynamics Behind the Discrepancies in Poland’s Refugee Acceptance Policy towards Refugees from Ukraine and Africa and the Middle East." Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 3, no. 2 (2023): 88–105. https://doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v3i2.3205.
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Poland hosts the most Ukrainian refugees as a result of Russian-Ukraine war. This reception clearly contradicts its closed-door policy, especially refugees from Africa and the Middle East. This article seeks to explain this contradiction. Using qualitative method by examining secondary sources, result shows that there are significant differences in Polish refuge policy concerning the recent Russo-Ukrainian War and the previous European refugee crises. Those differences are mainly driven by domestic and international politics. In the domestic realm, the rejection of refugees from the Middle East and North Africa is closely linked to the public negative sentiment and the rise of conservative political groups against those groups. In contrast, there is a large support of Polish political elements and public solidarity for Ukrainian refugees. Meanwhile, in the international realm, Poland’s activeness in accepting a significant number of Ukrainian refugees can be understood as a manifestation of Polish concern and resistance to the aggressiveness of Russian expansionism. KEYWORDS Political Dynamic; Poland; Refugee; Ukraine
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Ольга Анатоліївна Колесник. "FROM VOLYN TO BABYN YAR: UKRAINIAN COMPONENT IN THE MUSEUM OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN GDANSK AS A POLISH SITE OF MEMORY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111823.
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The Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk was opened on the 23rd of March 2017 and one of the main aims of the institution was to represent the history of the war with the focus on the Eastern and Central Europe. However, from the very beginning, when the idea of creating of such museum developed in 2008, it has become the memory battleground for Polish intellectuals as well as for Polish politicians. The overall situation led to the change of the director of the museum and several pieces in the permanent exhibition after its official opening. From this point of view Ukrainian topics in the permanent exhibition do not only represent the Polish vision of the Second World War, but they also show the issues relevant for the Polish-Ukrainian dialogue nowadays. Among the main Ukrainian topics, which are represented in the main exhibition, there are several theme groups: 1) September 17, 1939; 2) occupation and collaboration; 3) violence against the Jewish population; 4) ethnic cleansing in Volyn and Eastern Galicia; 5) forced workers in the Third Reich; 6) deportations and resettlement. The analysis of the aforementioned historical themes shows that the exhibition presents the main events which are being investigated in the current Ukrainian historiography and not all of them have a direct connection with Polish history (for instance, forced labor or mass shootings of the Jews on the pre-war Soviet territory). At the same time, the event like Volyn massacre is represented as ethnic cleansing, while pogroms against the Jews in 1941 in Lviv are put in a wider context of violence at the beginning of the war alongside with other similar pogroms in Jedwabne.
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Ryba, Mieczysław. "Kościół katolicki na Kresach południowo-wschodnich wobec odzyskiwania przez Polskę niepodległości." Teka Komisji Historycznej 15 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/teka.2018.15-3.
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The article by Mieczysław Ryba describes the process of escalation of national conflicts in Eastern Galicia and a deepening religious conflict in this region. The author concludes that during the struggle for Polish independence throughout World War I, the Roman Catholic church had a clearly pro-Polish stance. The Uniate church, in turn, became a foundation for Ukrainian national movement with its explicitly anti-Polish sympathies. The rise of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict increased anti-Polish phobias and disagreements among Galician Uniates. The Armenian church, led by archbishop Józef Teodorowicz, a widely recognized Polish patriot, was one of the eastern churches with an unequivocally pro-Polish attitude.
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Wierzejska, Jagoda. "Toward the Idea of Polishness: Implications of 1918 for the Former Eastern Galicia, 1918–1939." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 4 (463) (2019): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2774.
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The paper analyzes the Polish literary discourse on the former Habsburg province of Galicia, developing after the restoration of Poland’s independence (1918) and the Polish victory in the Polish-Ukrainian War of Eastern Galicia (1918–1919). Before WWI, especially before the epoch of Galician autonomy (1867–1914), the prevailing discourse on the province was imbued by the idea of multi- and transnationalism grounded upon the Habsburg political culture. After the war, when Galicia became a part of the reborn Poland, the discourse pertaining to the region underwent a fundamental change. In the interwar Polish literature, the idea of multi- and transnational Galicia was a subject of specific transfers: sometimes in a continuative, usually, however, in a deconstructive version. Namely, it was disassembled and its components, referring to a revised political context, were ideologically used to strengthen the representation of reality from the exclusive, Polish point of view. The paper focuses on literary representations of the Polish-Ukrainian War of Eastern Galicia. It discusses the stages of the aforementioned disassemblement, from the idea of Polish-Ruthenian “brotherhood” to the vision of Polish-Polish brotherhood, i.e. the homogenous Polish nation, from which the Others (Ukrainians, Jews and Austrians), depicted as enemies, were excluded with no exception. Such a vision prevailed in the Polish literature up until 1939; it has also had its continuations nowadays.
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Zajączkowski, Mariusz. "Zagadnienie polskie w działalności ukraińskiego podziemia w przełomowym i końcowym okresie II wojny światowej (1943–1945)." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 25, no. 4 (2024): 172–209. https://doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2024.4(290).0006.
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The article presents the attitude of the ideologically and programmatically heterogeneous Ukrainian independence underground during the breakthrough and final period of World War II with regards to the Polish question. The analysis covers the activities of the nationalist trend in the Polish section, which was represented by two factions of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) – Stepan Bandera (OUN-B) and Andriy Melnyk (OUN-M), and that of Taras Borovets, pseudonym Bulba (Ukrainian Insurgent Army /UPA/ B-B/UNRA), referring to the tradition of the republican-democratic Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR).
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Kot, Serhii. "Polish-Ukrainian Dialogue on the Restitution of Cultural Property Displaced during World War II." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 9, no. 2 (2022): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus756.
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Negotiations between Ukraine and Poland concerning the return of lost treasures have been ongoing since the beginning of the 1990s. In total, during 1997–2020 six sessions were held of the Intergovernmental Ukrainian-Polish Commission for the Protection and Return of Cultural Property Lost and Illegally Displaced during World War II. However, no cultural objects have been returned to Ukraine or Poland. This article analyzes current Ukrainian-Polish intergovernmental relations on the return and restitution of cultural property lost in consequence of World War II, describes the accomplishments, and examines the problematic issues concerning mutual co-operation.
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Kukuruz, Oksana. "Strategic priorities of Polish migration policy during the Russian-Ukrainian war." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 34 (August 1, 2023): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2023-34-704-710.
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The Russian-Ukrainian war, along with security and defense issues, brought a change in priorities in the management of migration flows to the agenda. The purpose of the article is to clarify the strategic priorities of Polish migration policy, caused bythe mass migration of Ukrainians. The methodological basis of the research is:interdisciplinary approach, methods of logical analysis, synthesis, forecasting. The article analyzes international and national documents and legal acts that determine Polish migration policy. Special attention is focused on the extreme development of the legal framework of Polish migration policy in relation toUkrainians. On the basis of sociological surveys, the author singles out the two most common variants of the attitude of Poles towards Ukrainian migrants: 1) those who think that Poles should by all means support Ukrainians; 2) those who think that the Poles should help the Ukrainians, but in moderation, for example, to cover the primary needs duringa certain time period. It is natural that the views of ordinary Poles are determined by their own interests, so they believe that citizens of other countries should not enjoy all the benefits at the same level as Polish citizens. The development of standards, principles, rules of behavior of migrants and their integration into Polish society are primarily the directduties and responsibilities of public authorities. The strategic goals of Polish migration policy, formulated before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war and recorded in documents, remain relevant, only their priority and methods of achievement change. The first positions are now occupied by the ollowing goals – ensuring safe conditions for Poles and persons currently living in Poland; soft integration of migrants into Polish society. Key words: strategy for responsible development, polish migration policy,migration of Ukrainians, perception of Ukrainians, integration of foreigners, strategic priorities.
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Kacwin-Duman, Marta. "Opowieści dzieci wojny – peregrynacje teatrów niezależnych współczesnej Ukrainy." Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 3, no. 1 (2017): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppusn.2017.03.05.
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The Tales of the Children of War – Ukrainian Independent Modern Theatre The author examines the theme of war in contemporary Ukrainian theatre. Starting with a brief description of the representation of Ukrainian topics in plays directed by Poles, the author puts Polish theatre in contrast with the contemporary Ukrainian drama and stage projects presented by the youngest generation of Ukrainian artists. Focusing on plays by Vorozhbyt, Jurov, and Arie, as well as directorial projects-concepts of Brama, Displaced Theatre or the freak-cabaret Dakh Daughters, the author tries to show the diversity of narratives and perspectives of the textual and formal forms. According to Ukrainians, the war is not a narrative story, but it brings attention to some more complex problems of the Ukrainian society.
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POTULNYTSKYI, Volodymyr, and Heorhii POTULNYTSKYI. "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Context of Its Historical Relations with Ukraine in Omeljan Pritsak's Academic Research." Ukraine-Poland: Historical Heritage and Public Consciousness 12 (2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/up.2019-12-151-164.
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Analyzing the creative heritage by Omeljan Pritsak on the history of Poland, the authors concludes that the historian began to explore the issues of medieval and early New Poland as early as in the pre-war period, the earliest period of his formation as a scholar, and continued into his American and Ukrainian periods. Based on the number of archival documents and printed works, the authors of the article claims that while in his pre-war period the scholar was engaged in debunking the mythical legends existing in Polish historiography about Hetman Ivan Mazepa and wrote several reviews on the works by Polish historians, in his American period, the scholar wrote a range of papers of historiosophic character. Pritsak concludes that these were the Lithuanians who caused the changes in the leadership elite and the interruption in the historical tradition of Ukraine, and that with the transition of Ukrainian lands from Lithuania to Poland, for the first time since the Kyiv period, Ukrainian territory began to produce its own, conscious political rights and privileges. It was during the Polish times, according to Pritsak, that a new political phenomenon, namely the homeland of Rus, began to emerge. Demythologizing the myths about the destructive nature of the Mongols and the Ukrainian character of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Pritsak characterizes the Ukrainian "registry" Cossacks as a new type of Ukrainian elite. In his lectures written in the American period, the scholar constructs a historiosophical synthesis of syllabic ties in the context of exploring the role played by Poland in Eastern Europe and examines the peculiarities of the economic and socio- political situation of the Ukrainian lands under the Polish domination. In this respect, he estimates the special significance that such phenomena as reformation, counter-reformation, mercantilism, the Magdeburg law, and the creation of Polish literary poetry by Mikołaj Rej and Jan Kochanowski had for the Polish literary language. In his Ukrainian period, Pritsak supplemented Harvard lectures with new material and visions of the Commonwealth in the context of its relations with Ukraine. It substantiates four major groups of problems that caused the fall of the Commonwealth as a state and emphasizes the special role of counter-reformation and the Jesuits, as well as the manorial economy with special functions of magnates and Jews, which, in his opinion, eventually caused the uprising led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Thus, Pritsak examined the history of Poland and the Polish people during three periods of his life: pre-war, American and Ukrainian. The subjects he touched upon in the articles differed, since the scholar set various goals in different periods. It is important to emphasize that almost all research papers on the history of Poland were not conducted by the historian outside the Ukrainian context. Pritsak’s historiosophic vision of the key problems of the history of the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of modern Poland is an important contribution to the study of the essential aspects of the common subjects of the Polish and Ukrainian history in Eastern Europe. Keywords research heritage, main trends of research activity, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the myths of Polish historiography, historiosophical synthesis, syllabic ties, mutual relations.
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Białek-Szwed, Olga, and Aneta Wójciszyn-Wasil. "Perspectives of the Narration Concerning the War in Ukraine in Polish Press and Radio Reports (2022–2024)." Polish Political Science Review 12, no. 2 (2024): 52–66. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2024-0011.
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Abstract The Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which began in 24 February 2022, is widely covered in the Polish media. One of the forms of journalistic communication is reportage — a factual genre allowing for a multi-aspect presentation of events. The aim of this article is to present the specifics of the war in Ukraine narrative in Polish reportage. The media materials come from the years 2022–2024. The press texts were selected through a search of opinion weeklies “Polityka” and „Newsweek”, while audio reports come from the collection of the Polish Radio Reportage and Documentary Studio and Radio 357. Following the content analysis, four narrative perspectives were identified: everyday life in wartime, military, refugee and solidarity. The analysis of the lexical components shows that the war in Ukraine narrative in Polish press and radio reportage is in-depth, exposing the individual’s personal experience and emotionally engaging. It constitutes a segment of qualitative coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in the Polish media.
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Flisiak, Robert, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Diana Martonik, et al. "Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Patients of Ukrainian Origin During the Influx of War Refugees to Poland." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (2024): 7641. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247641.
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Background: The wave of wartime migration from Ukraine has raised a number of concerns about infectious diseases, the prevalence of which is higher in Ukraine than in host countries, with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection being one of them. Our analysis aimed to assess the percentage of HCV-infected Ukrainian refugees under care in Polish centers providing antiviral diagnosis and therapy, to evaluate their characteristics and the effectiveness of treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs). Methods: The analysis included patients of Polish and Ukrainian nationality treated for HCV infection between 2022 and 2024 in Polish hepatology centers. Data were collected retrospectively and completed online. Results: In the population of 3911 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with DAAs in 16 Polish centers in 2022–2024, there were 429 war refugees from Ukraine, accounting for 11% of the total treated. The Ukrainian population was significantly younger (45.7 vs. 51 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher percentage of women (50.3% vs. 45.3%, p = 0.048) compared to Polish patients. Patients of Ukrainian origin had less advanced liver disease and were significantly less likely to have comorbidities and the need for comedications. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus was significantly more common in Ukrainians than in Polish patients, 16.1% vs. 5.9% (p < 0.001). The distribution of HCV genotypes (GTs) also differed; although GT1b predominated in both populations, its frequency was significantly higher in the Polish population (62.3% vs. 44.5%, p < 0.001), while the second most common GT3 was significantly more common in Ukrainian patients (30.5% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Documented differences in patient characteristics did not affect the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, which exceeded 97% in both populations, but there was a higher rate of those lost to follow-up among Ukrainian patients.
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Marcinkowski, Tomasz. "Report on the Polish-Ukrainian scientific conference "The war in Ukraine and its impact on states and modern democracy"." Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa 13, no. 13 (2023): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3369.
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Szlachta, Mieczysław. "POLISH-UKRAINIAN MILITARY-TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 121–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5156.
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Polish-Ukrainian military-technical co-operation was renewed in the nineties at changed political, economical and military conditions. The military equipment is the object of the co-operation and the state institutions and contractors of defence sector are the subjects involved in its organisation. The paper focuses on evaluation of current state of bilateral co-operation, conditions of its development and reasons for the lack of clear effects. Bilateral relations on the state level are intense and their main effect contains declarations of the willingness for developing the co-operation. But on the level of subjects, activity of which decide on results of co-operation (companies of defence sector and scientific-research centres), the real effects are far beyond the expectations. The post-cold war differences of development conditions in two countries, different objectives of foreign and defence policy, and organisation of scientific-industrial background are indicated as the main reasons of the situation. Some rare examples of real effects indicate on a great potential for development of mutual relations and at the same time on many difficulties that has to be overcome in the future.
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Świetlicki, Mateusz. "The Silent Unseen and Underground Soldiers: Polish–Ukrainian Conflicts and Collaboration in Amanda McCrina’s Second World War Fiction." International Research in Children's Literature 17, no. 3 (2024): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2024.0579.
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The memory of the Second World War remains a bone of contention between Poland and Ukraine. The countries’ mnemonic discourses differ significantly, especially regarding the legacy of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Most local children’s and young adult authors avoid discussing historical nuances and offer their readers simple narratives about victims and oppressors. Thus, it is remarkable that in the last few years descriptions of the difficult Polish–Ukrainian relations have appeared in fiction written by Anglophone authors. This article considers the representations of the complex Ukrainian–Polish/Polish–Ukrainian dynamics in Amanda McCrina’s Traitor (2020) and The Silent Unseen (2022), two young adult novels set in Second World War eastern Poland/western Ukraine. McCrina, an American of Polish descent, introduces teenage protagonists with liminal identities and agency limited by their historical circumstances. This article underscores the importance of McCrina’s literary techniques – especially her use of alternation of perspectives – that highlight the complexity of history and challenge the discourse of morality typical of young adult historical fiction. Moreover, it argues that the minor simplifications introduced by McCrina are necessary for Anglophone young readers to grasp the entanglements of the history of what Timothy Snyder termed the ‘Bloodlands’. Thus, her approach to addressing multifaceted and problematic topics exceeds morality plots based on the victim–oppressor binary.
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Prokopchuk, Viktoriia. "GERMANS AND BOLSHEVIKS IN THE UKRAINIAN-POLISH CONFLICT OF 1939 – 1945 IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONALIST UNDERGROUND." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (47) (December 20, 2022): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(47).2022.267654.
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In this article, with the help of a detailed analysis of the documents of the Ukrainian nationalist underground, which were issued during the Second World War, the topic of the involvement of the "third forces", namely the Third Reich and the Soviet Union, in the Ukrainian-Polish conflict of 1939 – 1945 is raised. Based on the analyzed reports , social and political reviews, etc., the methods used by the Germans and Bolsheviks to incite mutual hatred between Ukrainians and Poles are singled out. It was found out that the Germans created special police departments for their own purposes, where they recruited both Poles and Ukrainians, provided them with weapons, encouraged the Poles to rob the Ukrainian population, and often practiced handing over Ukrainian jobs or farms to Poles, and vice versa. It has been investigated that the Soviets, in turn, contributed to the creation of Polish partisan units, in some places transferred the responsibility for the murders of Poles committed by them to Ukrainians and gave Poles ammunition to fight against Ukrainians. Particular attention is paid to the contemporary phenomenon of informants by Poles against Ukrainians, to which the Ukrainian nationalist underground reacted by distributing warning leaflets addressed to Poles. The article also analyzes those documents in which the Germans and the Soviets are called the enemies of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples and in which the awareness of Ukrainian nationalists that the German and Bolshevik regimes were interested in the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation is traced at the same time. It has been suggested that the strengthening of enmity between Ukrainians and Poles on the part of the Germans and the Soviets could be based in some places on the fear of the deployment of Ukrainian and Polish liberation movements with the aim of creating their own independent states. It was concluded that the documents of the Ukrainian nationalist underground are an informative and noteworthy source in the context of the Ukrainian-Polish struggle during the Second World War. Scientific works related to the specified topic were involved in writing the article. It was found that until now there is no comprehensive scientific work devoted to the issues raised in the article. This requires further research on the impact of the Third Reich on the USSR on the Ukrainian-Polish inter-ethnic conflict of 1939 – 1945.
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Melnyk, Hanna. "LABOR MIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS TO THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND 2014–2022." European Historical Studies, no. 23 (2022): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2022.23.3.
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The purpose is to analyze the evolution of the migration policy of Ukraine and Poland since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014 and in the conditions of the aggravation of migration flows after the Russian large-scale invasion in February 2022. Among the methods, a systemic method was used to study the Polish economic thought regarding the profitability and prospects of attracting Ukrainian labor resources, a comparative analysis of the results of Ukrainian labor migration was also conducted, taking into account the requirements of Polish laws. The position of Poland regarding changes in the direction of Ukrainian migration flows has been analyzed. It has been proven that for Ukrainian citizens, the Republic of Poland remains a country where it is possible to implement social and economic expectations. Official Warsaw provides tangible assistance to Ukraine in its confrontation with Russia, providing jobs for migrant workers and social protection for their family members. The deterioration of Ukraine’s security and foreign economic situation is pushing for more active development of the Polish labor market. Currently, the Polish border has become a border against the hybrid expansion of the Russian Federation, so it will be necessary for official Kyiv to ensure the stability and flexibility of its own monetary policy and permit system in order to preserve the possibilities of reproduction of production processes It has been concluded that Polish economists hold a picture that the liberalization of the Polish migration policy towards Ukrainians will contribute to the steady growth of the economy. Recommendations have been made that active steps taken by official Warsaw regarding the growing interest in Ukrainian labor resources would lead to the implementation of vital steps taken by the Polish government to protect against aging tendencies of the Polish nation. It has been highlighted that the implementation of Ukrainian migration policy is dependent on Russian, European and Polish strategies. Under the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the Polish policy of facilitating the obtaining of legal residence rights and employment of Ukrainian citizens is encouraged by the Ukrainian authorities as an opportunity to receive remittances from abroad, therefore official Kyiv seeks to gain the experience of Poland to attract and use European structural, regional and industry programs and funds. Therefore, Ukraine and Poland, in cooperation with European structures, are able to promote a new quality of security against hybrid attacks of the Russian Federation with the aim of preserving and sustainable development of their own economies and the economies of partners.
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Куц, Галина Михайлівна. "ПОЛІТИКО-КУЛЬТУРНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОЛЕКТИВНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ПОЛЬСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН". Сучасне суспільство: політичні науки, соціологічні науки, культурологічні науки 2, № 12 (2016): 118–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.167270.
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<em>The article states that the Ukrainian-Polish mutual understanding discourse has dealt a devastating blow because of the adoption of the Polish Sejm resolution (11.07.2016) on the recognition of the 1943 Volyn Ukrainian-Polish tragedy as genocide of the Poles. That is, the Poles came under the influence of the technology of "enemy image" creation while reformatting their own collective identity. Accordingly, the reformatting of the Polish identity was directed into the past. In turn, the contemporary recoding of the Ukrainian collective identity in the first place is related to the present day and, secondly, is directed to the future, due to the hybrid Russian-Ukrainian war in the East of Ukraine.</em> <em>At the same time, the future is for the cooperation between the two countries (Poland and Ukraine), that will definitely overcome the current differences and form a non-conflict mutual collective identities.</em>
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Blazy, Rafał, Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber, and Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak. "The Uncertainty of Tomorrow in Art on the “Eve” of War." Arts 14, no. 1 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14010014.
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Intuitive reasoning is a fundamental aspect of both the creation and interpretation of art. It allows artists to express their deepest emotions and subconscious thoughts, leading to works that can evoke strong reactions in viewers. For those who interpret art, intuition enables a direct and holistic understanding that goes beyond analytical fragmentation, allowing for a more personal and profound engagement with the work of art. Academic research conducted on the works of Polish and Ukrainian students has shown that art in times of unrest reflects deeply hidden emotions. The works of students from Zaporizhzhia collected less than a week before the armed invasion of Ukraine in 2022 indicated national sentiments, fears, and premonitions that were absent from the works of Polish students. The armed conflict with Russia, which has been ongoing since 2014, has strengthened the sense of national identity and patriotism among Ukrainian youth. A comparison of the perspectives of Polish and Ukrainian youth shows differences resulting from direct experience of the conflict and the influence of media, education, and politics on their perception.
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Snyder, Timothy. "“To Resolve the Ukrainian Problem Once and for All”: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943–1947." Journal of Cold War Studies 1, no. 2 (1999): 86–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203979952559531.
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The complicated and violent interactions between Ukrainians and Poles during and after World War II have been the subject of competing Ukrainian and Polish historical interpretations. This article sifts through the historical evidence to determine why Ukrainian and Polish memories of that period are so much at odds. The fate of the contested territories of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia was decided ultimately by the Soviet Union, which imposed new borders on Poland. Once those borders had been established, the transfer of Poles from the newly enlarged Soviet Ukraine and the forced removal of Ukrainians from eastern Poland consolidated an “ethnically cleansed” post-war order.
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Dushenko, K. V. "“Prison of Peoples”: Birth of Metaphor." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 110, no. 3 (2023): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2023-110-3-134-148.
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The article discusses the emergence of the image of the prison of peoples in the European culture. Most often, this image is traced back to the book by Astolf de Custine “Russia in 1839”. However, de Custine, in essence, talks only about one enslaved people in the Russian Empire, namely the Polish. The idea about the prison of peoples took root only after the “non-historical” peoples of the Central and Eastern Europe entered the political scene. The image of Russia as a prison of peoples dates back to the Polish and even more so to the Ukrainian literature and journalism. In the Ukrainian press, referring to Russia as a prison of peoples becomes common practice in the 1900s. Mikhail Grushevsky in his article “Unity or disintegration?” presents this metaphor in its most extensive form. The image of the prison of peoples played an important role in the program documents of the Austrophile Ukrainian organizations of the First World War era. At the same time, Ukrainian leaders did not forget about Polish nationalism, which “would like to build a new „prison of peoples“” in a revived Poland. In the Polish press in 1900— 1917 the prison of peoples was mentioned less frequently, and not in program documents. Lenin most probably borrowed the formula “prison of peoples” from the Ukrainian or Polish press. From Lenin’s journalism it moved into the Soviet political language. Until the First World War, Russia was referred to almost exclusively as the prison of peoples; then the metaphor began to be applied to other countries, primarily to Austria-Hungary.