Academic literature on the topic 'Polish War stories'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Klonowska, Marta. "Stories from Poland by a Welsh Soldier–John Elwyn Jones’s Translations." Studia Celtica Posnaniensia 1, no. 1 (2016): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scp-2016-0002.
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Abstract The majority of translations from Polish into Welsh published so far are the works of John Elwyn Jones (1921-2008), who learned Polish in a German prisoner-of-war camp during World War II. His translations include Storiâu Byr o’r Bwyleg, a collection of short stories by two of the classic authors of the Polish Positivist period, Bolesław Prus and Henryk Sienkiewicz. This paper analyses two stories from the collection, Ianco’r Cerddor “Janko Muzykant” and Y Wasgod “Kamizelka”, within a comparative functional model of translation criticism. The texts are analysed in the light of lexical-semantic, cultural and aesthetic codes. A great number of modifications to the source texts introduced in the Welsh translation places them on the border between free translations and adaptations. While some of the alterations are tokens of a specific translation strategy, others can be regarded as translation errors. Although the Welsh version retains the primary message of the original stories, much of their culture-specific dimension, historical context and artistic value is not conveyed in the translation.
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Shatova, Elena. "The Evolution of Polish War Feature Films (1940-1980)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (2018): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24607.
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Introduction. The relevance of this study is explained by the rapid social and political homogenization of Europe; the “disclosure” of many documents indicative of sociocultural changes in Eastern Europe; an increasing chronological gap between the research subject and its researcher that enables to use scientific verification methods instead of ideologically “correct” paradigms.Methods. The methodological basis of this article is the principles of systematicity and objectivity. While conducting this research, the author also used genetic, typological, comparative, hermeneutic and semiotic methods.Results. Throughout the postwar history, Polish filmmakers were bringing stories about World War II to the silver screen. The concept of a war feature film also changed depending on the postwar development of Poland.Discussion. The necessary conditions for studying the evolution of Polish war feature films based on systematicity and objectivity are as follows: the analysis of the Polish sociocultural postwar development (periodization with distinguishing essential characteristics of each period); the determination of main trends in the development of spiritual culture as a part of sociocultural processes; the analysis of the state-party politics in the sphere of culture, art and cinema.Conclusion. Throughout the postwar development, Polish filmmakers were addressing the topic of war. Their attitude to war changed depending on the country’s socio-cultural development and the evolution of its spiritual culture. For instance, war feature films were the most prominent trend in the development of the Polish cinema in the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. Between 1956 and 1960, the Polish Film School was established and was characterized by a high interest in war-related films (alongside other topics and problems represented in the cinema of that time). In the 1970s, war feature films were still relevant but gave way to flicks about modern times. In the 1980s, this topic “withdrew into the shadows” not only in cinematography but also in other artistic spheres. It was mostly used in films to better interpret other topics.
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Bogumił, Zuzanna. "Miejsce pamięci versus symulacja przeszłości - druga wojna światowa na wystawach historycznych." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, no. 4 (2011): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.4.8.
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The Author examines the presentation of the German occupation at the Warsaw Rising Museum and in Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in Krakow. Initially, she studies the space of these exhibitions and demonstrates that the Warsaw Rising Museum has some characteristics of reflective space, while the exhibition at the Schindler’s Factory is primarily a projective one. Then, she points out that both museums treat artefacts as illustrations of their stories, as a consequence of which they are simulations of the past rather than material testimonies of what had happened. Finally, the Author argues that the Warsaw Rising Museum primarily tells the story of glory of the Polish nation, while the Schindler Factory focuses on the social history. In conclusion the Author points out that none of the exhibitions breaks the existing taboos or offers a new approach to the past. Both museum stories perfectly reflect the shape of the Polish social memory of World War II. Differences in the way they present the past are a result of rooting each of the stories in different public debates that were conducted in Poland after 1989.
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Piekarska, Agnieszka. "Struggle of Masurians with Polish Identity After the Second World War. Socialist Realist Literature Describing the nationality verification and surveying campaign." Prace Literaturoznawcze, no. 7 (February 7, 2020): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pl.4718.
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This article presents the history of Masuria created by the propaganda of socialist realism. Itsaim is to show how writers presented the nationality-based verification campaign and opinion pollsin the area of former East Prussia. The author attempts to prove that social realist writers describedthe above-mentioned action as “discovering” Polish identity by the inhabitants of Masuria. In orderto do that, four stories included in the anthology Ziemia serdecznie znajoma, published in 1954, areanalysed to show that strong pressure was exerted on the Masurians to confirm their Polish nationality.
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Markowska, Barbara. "Herosi czy ofiary? Kapitał moralny Polaków w narracji Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 63, no. 2 (2019): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2019.63.2.7.
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The author analyzes the narrative of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk using the category of moral capital, which is defined as a supply of moral stories influencing the moral status of the collective entity described as perpetrator or victim of a given event. The author considers that the decision, in 2008, to create the museum was one of the most important initiatives of Polish historical policy. From the beginning, the idea of the museum was the source of disputes, primarily concerning the shape of the Polish narrative about the war. Discussions on the subject and divisions in the political scene led to a spectacular “takeover” of the museum shortly after its opening in 2017. The management was changed and numerous alterations to the main exhibitions were made. The first version of the exhibition stressed the universalism of the experiences of civilians, including Poles, as victims of war-time terror, poverty, fear, occupation, forced labor, or extermination. After analyzing the narrative content of the exhibition opened in March 2019, the author of the article claims that in the modified version we can observe the (re)construction of a heroic narrative, aimed at reinforcing the moral capital of Poles.
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Heck, Dorota. "Moral Dilemmas of Poles Born in the Late Twenties: Reflections on the Drama Their Time, Short Stories, and Novels by Literary Critic Zbigniew Kubikowski." Perspektywy Kultury 26, no. 3 (2019): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2019.2603.09.
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Zbigniew Kubikowski (1929-1984) was a literary critic, novelist, journalist, editor of monthly Odra in Wroclaw (Lower Silesia, Poland), and an activist of the Polish Writers’ Union. His biography seems to be representative for more or less independent intellectuals in the regime of communism. In spite of humiliation, persecutions, and invigilation he managed to preserve his ethical principles, although he was not able to achieve a full success as a man of letters. The ethics of his generation, so called “younger brothers” of war generation was founded on Polish independence and European existentialism.
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Grodziska, Karolina, and Maria Radziszewska. "„Gawędy o utraconym gnieździe – Boży Rok”. Wspomnienie Anny Jałbrzykowskiej z Ujazdu." Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN 65 (2020): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25440500rbn.20.010.14169.
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“The Stories of a Lost Nest – The Year of God”. The Memory by Anna Jałbrzykowska from Ujazd The paper contains an excerpt of a manuscript by Anna Jałbrzykowska (1908–1990) titled: “The Stories of a Lost Nest – the Year of God”. The text was written in 1972 and soon afterwards it was bought to be added into the manuscript collection of our Library, in which the author used to work for a short time before the outbreak of War. It comprises of a description of pre-war economics, daily life and house practices present in the manor house in Ujazd, located 14 km from Kraków, owned by the Jałbrzykowscy family since 1884 until 1945, when it was taken from them by the Polish communists. After this confiscation, the author, who studied humanities, was for many years working in the Jagiellonian Library, where she was accepted as an employee despite her then improper social background and a close family relationship between her and a prominent priest, archbishop of Vilnius Romuald Jałbrzykowski. The value of the presented source is both its recollective nature and interesting persons who visited the Jałbrzykowscy’s manor (priest professor Tadeusz Kruszyński, Tetmajerowie, Jan Bisanz) as well as the nostalgic, literary nature of the memories: the image of the world and lifestyle typical for the nobility living in a manor house which are gone, not so much due to natural economic development but because of the Polish communists rule.
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Matuchniak-Mystkowska, Anna. "Prisoner-of-war stories in the movies (the case of Andrzej Munk’s Eroica)." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica, no. 73 (June 30, 2020): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-600x.73.04.
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This paper analyses Polish feature films which deal with the subject of POW camps during World War II, especially the so-called oflags (German: Offizierslager), i.e. Wehrmacht camps for officers. In Poland, nearly 200 feature films about World War II and the Nazi occupation were made in 1945–1999, with only eight raising the topic of POW camps. Eroica directed by Andrzej Munk is one of the first examples, and the best-known one. It depicts the social world of the oflags in a grotesque and ironic light, which was acclaimed by film experts but criticised by historians. The theoretical and methodological approach used in the sociology of art and in historical sociology can be invoked to analyse all the elements of the communication system: the creator, the work, and the audience in their social and historical context. The sociological analysis presented here only concerns the content of the film (the juxtaposition of “the truth of time” and “the truth of the screen”) and its social reception among different categories of viewers, each with their specific competences. The theoretical concepts developed by S. Ossowski, A. Kłoskowska, P. Francastel, E. Panofsky and P. Bourdieu are used here, alongside historical and sociological analyses of POW camps (D. Kisielewicz, A. Matuchniak-Mystkowska). The paper presents a certain research idea and describes methods that can be used to pursue it.
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Oltuszyk, A. B. "Fedor Dostoevsky in Polish Literature, Theater and Cinema." Язык и текст 7, no. 1 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2020070108.
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Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a Russian great writer, thinker, philosopher and publicist. His skill influenced the literature and culture of the whole world, including Polish. This article discusses the role of the author of Crime and Punishment in Polish literature and culture, including the presence of his works in Polish theater and cinema. Many Polish writers, who studied the artistic skills of Dostoevsky, were attracted by the composition and structure of his novel, introspection and reflection of characters showing interpersonal relationships, a “borderline” state of mind. Even more important than the recognition by Polish writers of the artistry of Dostoevsky is the influence on them of his philosophical concepts, especially the concept of personality. The specificity of Dostoevsky’s technique is also related to the fact that the Russian writer created negative stereotypes of Poles. It must be remembered that the reception of Dostoevsky in Poland in the first decade after the Second World War was significantly limited. Today, the works of the Russian writer are transferred to theatrical scenes, on the basis of which series, full-length or animated films are shot. There are many editions of his short stories and novels in bookstores, often translated again.
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Biskupska, Kamilla. "Green Wrocław: Urban narratives of three post-war generations of Wrocław’s inhabitants." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 3, no. 6 (2020): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2020.6.1.
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This study is an invitation to reflect on issues that fall within the area of collective memory, an area that awaits further in-depth analysis. More specifically, this article is a proposal of a broader study on cultural landscape and places of memory than that which is dominant in the sociological literature. In particular, I examine the relationship between the inhabitants of the Polish “Western Lands” and the material German heritage of the cities in which they happen to live. I mainly focus on the relation between socially constructed memory and greenery—a “negligible” part of the space of human life. As I demonstrate in the article, the “green” narrations about Wrocław created after World War II are lasting and are still present in the stories of city’s inhabitants today.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Peterson, Shannon. "Stories and Past Lessons: Understanding U.S. Decisions of Armed Humanitarian Intervention and Nonintervention in the Post-Cold War Era." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1047933325.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 420 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 411-420). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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""Oh you Graduated?" "No, I Decided I was Finished." Dropping out of High School and the Implications over the Life Course." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9136.
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abstract: The Civil Rights Project estimates that Black girls are among the least likely to graduate from high school. More specifically, only about half, or 56%, of freshman Black girls graduate with their class four years later. Beyond the statistics little is known about Black girls who drop out, why they leave school and what happens to them once they are gone. This study is a grounded theory analysis of the stories eight adult Black women told about dropping out of high school with a particular focus on how dropping out affected their lives as workers, mothers and returners to education. There is one conclusion about dropping out and another about Black female identity. First, the women in my study were adolescents during the 1980s, experienced life at the intersection of Blackness, womaness, and poverty and lived in the harsh conditions of a Black American hyperghetto. Using a synthesis between intersectionality and hyperghettoization I found that the women were so determined to improve their economic and personal conditions that they took on occupations that seemed to promise freedom, wealth and safety. Because they were so focused on their new lives, their school attendance suffered as a consequence. In the second conclusion I argued that Black women draw their insights about Black female identity from two competing sources. The two sources are their lived experience and popular controlling images of Black female identity.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2011
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Lieb, Christian. "Moving west: German-speaking immigration to British Columbia, 1945-1961." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/904.
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Germans are among the largest ethnic groups, both in Canada as a whole and in British Columbia. Nevertheless, neither nationally, nor provincially, has this group received much academic attention, especially for the years between the end of the Second World War and the building of the Berlin Wall when about 200,000 German-speaking persons arrived in Canada. Based on the life stories of fifty German immigrants interviewed in British Columbia, published biographies, and archival records from Germany and Canada, this study reconstructs the conditions in interwar and postwar Europe that led to the mass-emigration of Germans in the late 1940s and the 1950s. It argues that this migration movement was not only influenced by government policies and the support of humanitarian organizations, but also by the existence of earlier settlement facilitating chain migrations to Canada. From the port of entry, the dissertation follows the immigrants’ adaptation and integration into Canadian society. Though the vast majority of them did not speak any English, or know much about their adopted country, except that it must be better than what they left in war-torn Europe, Germans are generally ranked among the best integrated ethnic groups in Canada.
Yet, despite this assessment, the picture emerging from the sources strongly questions the existence of a singular German immigrant identity in Canada. The distinct self-perceptions of German nationals and ethnic Germans based on their experiences in Europe during the Second World War created striking differences in their patterns of immigration and adaptation to life in Canada which are still discernible after over half a century of settlement in North America.
Books on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Mianowska, Joanna. Vosprii︠a︡tie russkoĭ prozy o voĭne v Polʹshe 60-ye-80-ye gody =: Recepcja rosyjskiej prozy o wojnie w Polsce 60-80-e lata. Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna, 1993.
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Mianowska, Joanna. [Vosprii͡a︡tie russkoĭ prozy o voĭne v Polʹshe 60-ye-80-ye gody] =: Recepcja rosyjskiej prozy o wojnie w Polsce 60-80 lata. Wydawn. Uczelniane WSP w Bydgoszczy, 1992.
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Kearney, John A. Grandfather stories: Remembrances I would like to tell my grandchildren. Kearney Publications, 2004.
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Bullets, bombs, and fast talk: Twenty-five years of FBI war stories. Potomac Books, 2009.
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Donohoe, James Hugh. Stories and tales of the police and bushrangers during the NSW Bushranging War, 1856-1870. J.H. Donohoe, 1993.
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Surviving the international war zone: Security lessons learned and stories from police and military peacekeeping forces. CRC Press, 2011.
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Rail, Robert R. Surviving the international war zone: Security lessons learned and stories from police and military peace-keeping forces. CRC Press, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Abel, Gillian, and Catherine Healy. "Sex Worker-Led Provision of Services in New Zealand: Optimising Health and Safety in a Decriminalised Context." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_10.
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AbstractDecriminalisation recognises sex work as work; it provides opportunities for promoting the health of sex workers and therefore goes a long way to addressing health and human rights inequities for this sector of the population. This chapter focuses on three scenarios (among many) where decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand has been successful in promoting sex workers’ health, safety, and wellbeing and, in so doing, provides a blueprint for best practice in working with sex workers.Although services for sex workers are available in many countries, they tend to focus on street-based sex workers, who are perceived as the most vulnerable and thus most in need. A decriminalised context provides greater access to peer support (Harcourt 2010), which is much better positioned to address the complex needs of all sex workers. It also allows for sex workers to engage with others in the community for more effective policy as well as service provision (O’Neill and Pitcher, Sex work matters: exploring money, power and intimacy in the sex industry, Zed Books, London, 2010). In this chapter, we discuss: How access to police has been improved for sex workers who wish to report sexual assault How decriminalisation has enabled interagency collaboration when working with sex workers who have concerns about practices within certain brothels How new sex workers access information on safe practices in a decriminalised environment We use the research literature from New Zealand and elsewhere to expand on the real-life stories of the engagement between New Zealand Prostitutes Collective and sex workers, agencies, and individuals to illustrate the three scenarios.
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Van Regenmortel, Sofie, Bethan Winter, Angelika Thelin, Vanessa Burholt, and Liesbeth De Donder. "Exclusion from Social Relations Among Older People in Rural Britain and Belgium: A Cross-National Exploration Taking a Life-Course and Multilevel Perspective." In International Perspectives on Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_7.
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AbstractThis chapter reports on a cross-national exploration on manifestations and drivers of exclusion from social relations, in rural Britain and Belgium. Each study was composed of a quantitative and qualitative phase. The quantitative phases operationalised exclusion from social relations using existing datasets within each country while both qualitative phases comprised life history interviews with older people. The results demonstrate that although social relations are vital for several reasons (e.g. health and care, practical support in times of poverty, safety), older participants in both countries regularly face exclusion from social relations (e.g. feelings of loneliness, isolation, “bad” social relations). The results show a strong interrelationship between exclusion from social relations and other domains of exclusion (e.g. economic and material exclusion). In terms of drivers of exclusion from social relations, the life stories revealed micro risk factors (e.g. marital status and gender), exo (e.g. being remote and rural living) and macro drivers of exclusion from social relations (e.g. inadequate social security and population change). The conclusion discusses the main limitations of this cross-national exploration and offers some tangible policy and further research recommendations.
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Matzko, Paul. "Polish Ham and the Southern Strategy." In The Radio Right. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073220.003.0002.
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Rapid growth of right-wing radio in the early 1960s sparked a wave of grassroots activism. One such example is the Polish ham boycott of 1962, in which a Miami chiropractor’s protest was amplified by the Radio Right until it became a nationwide movement dominated by suburban housewife protestors. Their boycott “card parties” convinced the biggest retailers in the country to stop selling goods imported from Communist countries in Eastern Europe, giving a black eye to the John F. Kennedy administration, which had organized the trade deal. The stories of some of the individual women involved epitomize the power of housewife populism in post–World War II consumer culture and show the mobilizing power of radio. In addition, while the Radio Right had an audience among suburbanites across the nation, it grew most rapidly in the Deep South, playing an important role in convincing white segregationists to switch parties from Democrat to Republican.
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"CHAPTER ONE. News, Opinion, and Foreign Policy." In War Stories. Princeton University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400832187.1.
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Davis, Colin. "Life Stories." In Traces of War. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940421.003.0007.
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Paul Ricoeur, who was undoubtedly France’s most important hermeneutic thinker of the last century, spoke only sparingly of his experiences as a POW in his published works. His brief support for Pétain and the policy of collaboration nevertheless echoes, perhaps, across his mature thinking about the conflict of interpretations, and his consistent attempt to find ways of reconciling apparently warring approaches.
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Fink, Ida. "A Scrap of Time and Other Stories." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 12. Liverpool University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774594.003.0033.
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This chapter reviews Ida Fink's A Scrap of Time. It is a collection which consists of twenty-three stories that offer a haunting, uncompromising view of life in Poland during the Holocaust. The book includes scraps of ordinary lives that have been disrupted and terminated, and many of the stories are narrative slices of family, friends, or helpless bystanders. Here, the stories in A Scrap of Time illustrate Fink's artistry in describing the dilemmas, conflicts, and crises of ordinary families facing the Nazi threat. The stories include no crematoria, no selections, and no merciless views of life in the camps, but their absence does not mitigate the sadness, futility, and the omnipresent ‘why’. The chapter reveals how these are spare, quiet stories that disturb in a far more upsetting way, for they threaten our very beliefs in an essential human dignity and innocence. In addition to the book review, the chapter also provides a brief biography of Ida Fink as well as more focused analyses on some of the stories in the collection.
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Baum, Matthew A., and Philip B. K. Potter. "Coalition Stories: Cases from the Iraq Coalition." In War and Democratic Constraint. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164984.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the decisions of the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and Poland regarding whether they would join with the United States in the Iraq coalition, the goal of which was to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Among these countries, there was much variation in both key variables identified as the ingredients of constraint and in the extent to which leaders were responsive to pressure from either their domestic publics or the United States. The key lesson from these case studies is that democratic constraint is fragile and elusive. These cases point to a variety of means by which policy makers outmaneuvered a consistently antiwar European public. Media and partisan political opposition are clearly an important part of the overall story and, more significantly, are among the few factors that hold steady from case to case.
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Hoffmann, Roald. "Trying to Understand, Making Bonds." In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0004.
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In 2007, on the occasion of my 70th birthday, Bassam Shakhashiri organized a symposium for me at the Boston meeting of the American Chemical Society. The session was entitled “Roald Hoffmann at 70: A Craftsman of Understanding.” I began my talk with thanks to many. That section has been shifted to the end of this chapter. I was born in a happy young Jewish family in unlucky times, 1937. In that war, most of us perished, 3800 of the 4000 Jews of Złoczów, now Zolochiv in Ukraine. Among those who were killed were my father, three of four grandparents, three aunts, and so on. I just want to show you three photos which relate to that time, one old and two recent. The last 15 months of the war we were hidden by a good Ukrainian man–Mikola Dyuk, the schoolteacher in the small village of Univ. The first year we were in an attic of the schoolhouse, the second year in a storeroom with no windows, maybe 6 x 10 feet, on the ground floor. Here are two photos from 2006, when my sister, my son, and I visited Univ. Here is the attic in which we were hidden, with its one window. The storeroom, a passageway, another ground floor room are gone, rebuilt into a new classroom of Univ’s school. It’s a chemistry classroom. Such is fate. Under the plank floor we dug a bunker to sit in if the police came to the house. I was five and a half when we went in. And nearly seven when we went out. Here’s a photo of me, a few months after we came out. We survived. Some of us. Good people helped us, I tell their story. I am also the speaker for the dead—the three million Polish Jews who were killed do not have good stories to tell, or photos to show. We built a new life, in refugee camps where I read of Marie Curie and George Washington Carver, and then came to America in 1949.
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Rosenthal, Daniel. "Suicides of the Polish and Hungarian Types." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 31. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764715.003.0016.
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EUROPE suffered from an increase in the number of people seeking to take their own lives during the period between the wars. The chaos and horror of the First World War, the crushing economic hardships that plagued much of the continent throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and new social mores in the liberal atmosphere of the post-war years led to disillusionment, dislocation, and extreme despair. The fact that more people were living longer to crowd into the same urban areas only served to create more malaise and anomie in general. Poisons and firearms were more readily accessible than ever before, and the ubiquity of multi-storey dwellings in larger cities meant that jumping was now also an option for those considering suicide....
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Rezk, Dina. "Six-Day War." In The Arab World and Western Intelligence. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748698912.003.0007.
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The Six-Day War currently stands as one of the CIA’s greatest ‘success’ stories in the Middle East. Good intelligence is credited with guiding policy makers in the UK and US to resist Israeli requests for military support and thereby containing a conflict that could have pitted a Western supported Israel against a Soviet backed Arab force. What made intelligence so effective in this instance? This chapter argues that analysts recognised the intentions and capabilities of the major players in this conflict. They knew that Nasser had no appetite for a war with Israel and acknowledged that he had been goaded by Syria into an aggressive rhetoric that became dangerously self-fulfilling. More importantly, analysts correctly identified that despite the numerical superiority of the combined Arab forces, the Israeli military would prevail. Yet looking beyond the catharsis of military conflict raises important questions about the utility of discourse such as ‘success’ in describing a war whose tragic legacy remains with us today.
Conference papers on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Nadtoka, O. M. "WOJNA UKRAIŃSKO-POLSKO-ROSYJSKA 1920 ROKU W INTERPRETACJI JEJ UCZESTNIKÓW ORAZ POLSKI KIERUNEK PROPAGANDY BOLSZEWICKIEJ (NA PRZYKŁADZIE BOLSZEWICKICH ULOTEK KWIETNIA – WRZEŚNIA 1920)." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7248.
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In this publication the author analyzes the interpretations of the events of the Ukrainian- Polish-Russian war in 1920 by its participants. The Polish direction of Russian-Bolshevik propaganda in this war is also being explored. Sources of the study – a collection of Ukrainian agitation editions and Russian-Bolshevik leaflets published in Polish. These editions are stored in the Vernadsky National Libraryʼs Department of Old Books (Viddil starodrukiv Nacionalnoji biblioteky imeni V. Vernadsʼkoho). The Bolshevik propaganda involved the creation of a new social consciousness in which the world of good and evil changed places, and the policy of Russian-Bolshevik expansion was presented as the liberation of peoples. The propaganda methods used by Soviet Russia involved the manipulation of consciousness not only through the traditional means of misinformation, inciting controversy, destroying the enemy's reputation, but also special techniques, which are defined as the methods of the overturned pyramid, absolute clarity, and the formation of controlled cognitive choice. Keywords: Ukrainian-Polish-Russian war, UNR Army, Polish Commonwealth Army, Red Army, Russian-Bolshevik propaganda, propaganda methods, manipulation of consciousness.
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Zhou, WenJi, Yang Yu, Yingfeng Chen, et al. "Reinforcement Learning Experience Reuse with Policy Residual Representation." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/618.
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Experience reuse is key to sample-efficient reinforcement learning. One of the critical issues is how the experience is represented and stored. Previously, the experience can be stored in the forms of features, individual models, and the average model, each lying at a different granularity. However, new tasks may require experience across multiple granularities. In this paper, we propose the policy residual representation (PRR) network, which can extract and store multiple levels of experience. PRR network is trained on a set of tasks with a multi-level architecture, where a module in each level corresponds to a subset of the tasks. Therefore, the PRR network represents the experience in a spectrum-like way. When training on a new task, PRR can provide different levels of experience for accelerating the learning. We experiment with the PRR network on a set of grid world navigation tasks, locomotion tasks, and fighting tasks in a video game. The results show that the PRR network leads to better reuse of experience and thus outperforms some state-of-the-art approaches.
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Biliszczuk, J., J. Hołowaty, and J. Rabiega. "Stefan Bryła – Polish Creator of the First Welded Road Bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0197.
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<p>The first two welded road bridges in Poland were designed by Stefan Bryła, Professor at the technological universities in Lwów and later in Warsaw. The bridges became operational in 1929 and 1931, respectively. The first bridge is of a truss structure and is the first welded structure of this type in Europe, and indeed the world’s first road welded truss bridge. It became a listed monument in 1968. It was in service up to 1977, when it was relocated due to insufficient horizontal clearance. The second bridge is of a plate girder structure and it is still operational. The two welded road bridges are located over the Słudwia river near Łowicz, central Poland. In 2019, ninety years have passed since the first welded bridge in Poland became operational, while December 2018 saw the 75th anniversary of Professor Stefan Bryła’s tragic death. To mark these occasions, this paper briefly presents the Professor’s design and structural work, and discusses the stories of the first two welded bridges in Poland.</p>
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Andrei, Veronica, Florin Glodeanu, Ioan Rotaru, and Ioana Daian. "Current Status of the New Spent Fuel Dry Storage Facility in Romania." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1159.
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Abstract The Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), in commercial operation since 1996, produces more than 10% of the electricity produced in Romania. Recently, the Romanian Government declared its commitment for completion of a second reactor of the CANDU design, under construction on the Cernavoda site. The annual spent fuel arising from a CANDU reactor is about 100tU. The current policy for spent fuel management as practiced by the plant owner is to store it in the reactor bay for minimum six years and in a dry storage facility for a minimum of 50 years. For geological disposal of spent fuel, the “wait and see” strategy is considered the best approach, as Romania has a relative low scale nuclear program and wants to benefit by the international progress in this field. The construction of a new spent fuel dry storage facility located in the vicinity of the nuclear power reactor site represents a main priority for the next three years. The site of this facility will accommodate two nuclear units’ inventories of spent fuel for the entire planned lifetime. An international public-limited tender was organized to select the supplier of the dry storage technology in early 2001. The tenderer was asked to propose a proven and licensed technology capable of storing CANDU spent fuel according to specified design parameters and safety and environmental requirements. Design, construction, operation or licensing legal specific requirements for such a facility is generally not established and other already existing national requirements are applicable to a limited degree. Taking into account the different approaches and iterative processes required for Romanian authorities to regulate the nuclear activities for different fields, this paper considers the realistic path forward. The current status and main aspects of the development and licensing of the new nuclear facility in Romania is presented in this paper.
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King, Samantha. "Long-Term Issues for Indefinite Surface Storage of Intermediate and Some Low Level Radioactive Waste in the UK." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4935.
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Nirex is the organisation responsible for long-term radioactive waste management in the UK. Our mission is to provide the UK with safe, environmentally sound and publicly acceptable options for the long-term management of radioactive materials. Nirex is therefore researching various options for the long-term management of radioactive wastes/materials in order to identify the relevant issues with regard to the feasibility of options, and the research, development and stakeholder dialogue necessary to address these issues. The UK policy for the long-term management of solid radioactive waste is currently undergoing review. In September 2001, the UK Government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Devolved Administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland launched a public consultation on ‘Managing Radioactive Waste Safely’ (MRWS) [1]. The aim of this consultation was to start a process that will ultimately lead to the implementation of a publicly acceptable radioactive waste management policy. The MRWS programme of action proposed by Government includes a “stakeholder” programme of public debate backed by research to examine the different radioactive waste management options, and to recommend the preferred option, or combination of options. The options of storage above ground and underground are expected to be among the options examined. In the UK, radioactive wastes are currently held in surface stores, at over 30 locations in the UK, pending a decision on their long-term management. These stores were originally designed to have lifetimes of up to 50 years, but due to uncertainty regarding the longer term management of such wastes, extending the life of stores to 100 years is now being considered. This paper describes a preliminary scoping study to identify the long-term issues associated with surface storage of intermediate-level radioactive waste (ILW), and certain low-level waste (LLW) indefinitely in the UK. These wastes contain radionuclides with half lives that can range up to a million years or more, it was therefore assumed, for the purposes of this scoping study, that wastes would need to be managed over a period of at least one million years. An indefinite surface storage concept will require institutional stability and encompasses the principle of guardianship. It is based on a rolling present where each generation is required to monitor and, as necessary, repackage the waste and refurbish/replace storage buildings over a period of at least one million years. Each generation will also need to decide whether to continue with surface storage or implement another long-term management option. The aims of the scoping study were to: i) Investigate the implications of indefinite surface storage of waste packages through consideration of the facility specification, design and assessment. This framework is common to all Nirex radioactive waste management option studies, and provides a common basis for comparison. ii) Identify the social and ethical issues related to indefinite storage, including the principles and values that some stakeholders believe are met by the surface storage option.
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Lin, Yirong, and Henry A. Sodano. "Characterization of Multifunctional Structural Capacitors for Embedded Energy Storage." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1372.
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Multifunctional composites are a new class of materials that combine structural and other functionalities such as sensing, actuation, energy harvesting and vibration control in order to maximize structural performance while minimizing weight and complexity. Among all the multifunctional composites developed so far, piezoelectric composites have been widely studied due to the high coupling of energy between the electrical and mechanical domains and the inherently high dielectric constant. Several piezoelectric fiber composites (PFCs) have been developed for sensing and actuation applications; however, none of the previously studied composites fully embed all components of an energy storage device as load bearing members of the structure. Recently, Lin and Sodano [1] developed a novel multifunctional fiber that can be embedded in a composite material to perform sensing and actuation, in addition to providing load bearing functionality. The design was achieved by coating a common structural fiber, silicon carbide, with a barium titanate piezoelectric shell, and poling the active material radically by employing the structural fiber as one of the electrodes. The silicon carbide core fiber also carries external mechanical loading to protect the brittle barium titanate shell from fracture. The excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the barium titanate material make the novel active structural fiber an outstanding candidate for converting and storing ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy to power other electric devices in the system. This paper focuses on the characterization of energy storage capability of the multifunctional fiber provided by the dielectric properties of the barium titanate shell. The capacitances of the multifunctional fibers with four different aspect ratios are tested and compared with the theoretical expressions for the cylindrical capacitor while the break-down voltages of the multifunctional fibers are tested according to ASTM standard (ASTM D 149-97a). The stored energy is calculated from the testing results and the best aspect ratio for energy storage application can be determined. The resulting capacitive fiber is shown to have an energy density approximately two orders of magnitude higher than structural capacitors in the literature.
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Bergsagel, Dan, and Timothy D. Lynch. "Harvesting New York City - Old-Growth Urban Forestry." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0831.
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<p>New York is known as a metropolis of skyscrapers; however less than 1.5% of the 1 million buildings in the city stand over seven stories tall. Over 95% are thought to be of wood-frame or masonry and wood construction.</p><p>Most of this building stock was constructed using wood sourced from old-growth forests across the eastern seaboard. The city now sits on a stockpile of wood which germinated before New Amsterdam became New York, and which was felled while signatories of the Declaration of Independence were still President; this is structurally valuable hard, dense and high strength-to-weight ratio wood. As our buildings degrade and require renovation or replacement the city must ensure that this resource is not wasted, for environmental and economic reasons.</p><p>The total number of buildings is large, but because of the rapid and repetitive way that NYC was constructed the variation in building type and structural element sizes across the building population is small. Cross referencing NYC department databases using geographic information systems allowed the Department of Buildings to produce an estimate of the number of buildings in the city of each type. Assessment of historic pattern books, prescriptive regulations, and inspection of existing buildings allows generic estimates of wood dimension and quantity per building type. Combined, this data allows the estimation of the annual rate of release of wood from demolition in NYC - a predicted supply available for future use. A review of existing practices in wood salvage, processing and reuse is then assessed in context, outlining proposals for future local policy and research work.</p>
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Lewis, Donald Wayne. "Developing a Concept for a National Used Fuel Interim Storage Facility in the United States." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96374.
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In the United States (U.S.) the nuclear waste issue has plagued the nuclear industry for decades. Originally, spent fuel was to be reprocessed but with the threat of nuclear proliferation, spent fuel reprocessing has been eliminated, at least for now. In 1983, the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 [1] was established, authorizing development of one or more spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste geological repositories and a consolidated national storage facility, called a “Monitored Retrievable Storage” facility, that could store the spent nuclear fuel until it could be placed into the geological repository. Plans were under way to build a geological repository, Yucca Mountain, but with the decision by President Obama to terminate the development of Yucca Mountain, a consolidated national storage facility that can store spent fuel for an interim period until a new repository is established has become very important. Since reactor sites have not been able to wait for the government to come up with a storage or disposal location, spent fuel remains in wet or dry storage at each nuclear plant. The purpose of this paper is to present a concept developed to address the DOE’s goals stated above. This concept was developed over the past few months by collaboration between the DOE and industry experts that have experience in designing spent nuclear fuel facilities. The paper examines the current spent fuel storage conditions at shutdown reactor sites, operating reactor sites, and the type of storage systems (transportable versus non-transportable, welded or bolted). The concept lays out the basis for a pilot storage facility to house spent fuel from shutdown reactor sites and then how the pilot facility can be enlarged to a larger full scale consolidated interim storage facility.
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Belotti, Vittorio, Roberto P. Razzoli, and Rinaldo C. Michelini. "Lifecycle Monitoring for the Automotive Eco-Sustainability." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59395.
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The growth sustainability requires dramatic changes to lower the natural resources consumption and the surroundings pollution, by recovery/remediation processes. The EU policy aims at the extended producers/suppliers responsibility, with effective charges on the products allowed to be put on the market, used and called-back, in view of the properly small impact and transparent lifecycle acknowledgement. This leads to «extensions» in designing the new offers with integrated monitoring and service functions. The design for the lifecycle eco-effectiveness is accomplishment, better qualifying the far-seeing companies according to the EU eco-policy. The idea is to reach the duty visibility, by the extended plug-and-play concept, based on series of integrated design options, assigning the structural and functional modules, for the operation monitoring, the reliability assessment and the impact appraisal. This instrumental setting includes intangible information/communication aids, to confer ambient intelligence abilities. This way, the on-process visibility is assured, and exploited for on-duty servicing and end-of-life processing. The example case chosen deals with the critical situation of the parts manufactured in plastics, which are deemed to represent most relevant portion in the cars to come. The following recovery options are possible: - the reuse of the reconditioned items, according to suitably assessed life-extension opportunities; - the recycling of the warn-out components, with the regeneration and reusing of the materials; - the thermal recovery of residual stuffs, within careful handling and pollution-safe warnings; - the reduction to registered ASR, automobile shredding residue, within the EU directives limits. The on-board information system includes, as innovative feature, the resort to identifying tags or labels, to be read and written through wireless links. The technology exploits cheap and compact supports, allowing the labelling of the component, from production, to lifecycle, with an identifying code. The RFID, Radio Frequency Identification Device, is privileged, as ideal means for the component traceability and the history, use modes/styles and cumulated issues storing.
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Orlando, Dominick, Chad Glenn, Anna Bradford, and Claudia Craig. "Update on the Status of the West Valley Demonstration Project." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4670.
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From 1966 to1972, under an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) license, Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS) reprocessed 640 metric tons of spent fuel at its West Valley, New York, facility, the only commercial spent fuel reprocessing plant in the U.S. The facility shut down in 1972, for modifications to increase its seismic stability and to expand its capacity. In 1976, without restarting the operation, NFS withdrew from the reprocessing business and returned control of the facilities to the site owner, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). The reprocessing activities resulted in about 2.3 million liters (600,000 gallons) of liquid high-level waste (HLW) stored below ground in tanks, other radioactive wastes, and residual radioactive contamination. The West Valley site was licensed by AEC, and then the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), until 1981, when the license was suspended to execute the 1980 West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) Act. The WVDP Act outlines the responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), NRC, and NYSERDA at the site, including the NRC’s responsibility to develop decommissioning criteria for the site. The Commission published the final policy statement on decommissioning criteria for the WVDP at the West Valley site after considering comments from interested stakeholders. In that regard, the Commission prescribed the License Termination Rule (LTR) criteria for the WVDP at the West Valley site, reflecting the fact that the applicable decommissioning goal for the entire NRC-licensed site is compliance with the requirements of the LTR. This paper will describe the history of the site, provide an update of the status of the decommissioning of the site and an overview of the technical and policy issues facing Federal and State regulators and other stakeholders as they strive to complete the remediation of the site.
Reports on the topic "Polish War stories"
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.