Relevant bibliographies by topics / Politeness (Linguistics)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Politeness (Linguistics)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Politeness (Linguistics)"

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Xie, Chaoqun, Ziran He, and Dajin Lin. "Politeness." Studies in Language 29, no. 2 (August 2, 2005): 431–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.2.07xie.

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Little progress has been made in modern politeness studies despite mountains of publications that have been bombarding the politeness market over the past three or so decades, rendering the latter in much a mess. It is argued in this paper that (1) politeness does not necessarily entail sincerity, and sincere politeness and insincere politeness should be distinguished; (2) there is no need to develop two different frameworks to account for politeness and impoliteness respectively; any framework that can be used to examine politeness phenomena should also aim for dealing with impoliteness phenomena; (3) polite language is not necessarily equated with politeness, and impolite language is not necessarily equated with impoliteness; and (4) though there is some need to differentiate between polite behaviour and politic behaviour, between politeness1 and politeness2, Watts’ (2003) work is problematic.
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Long, Christopher. "A social cognitive account of relational work." Journal of Politeness Research 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0025.

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AbstractPostmodern accounts of politeness are founded on the idea that theoretical ‘second order’ conceptualizations (e.g., politeness2) must be grounded in ‘first order’ interlocutor interpretations (e.g., politeness1). One consequence of this assumption is that the generalizability of
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Syting, Christian Jay O., and Phyll Jhann E. Gildore. "Teachers’ Linguistic Politeness in Classroom Interaction: A Pragmatic Analysis." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (October 7, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p133.

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This study aimed to uncover the different structures of linguistic politeness used in the utterances of the teachers in classroom interaction. More specifically, the analysis made use of House and Kasper’s (1981) Politeness Linguistic Expressions, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Strategies, and Leech’s (1983) Politeness Maxims. Using observation and interview, several structures of linguistic politeness were unearthed. Firstly, the politeness linguistic expressions involved politeness markers, consultative devices, downtoners, committers, forewarning, hesitators, and agent avoider. Secondly, the politeness strategies involved positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record strategy, and bald-on record strategy. Lastly, the politeness maxims involved tact, approbation, modesty, and agreement maxim. Politeness is a non-value-laden linguistic phenomenon where it does not always mean what people in the here-and-now take it to mean, but there can always be a conventional ways of expressing so in a particular social interaction. The structures of linguistic politenesss do not always lead to conflict-avoidance, but they only contribute to the success of the effect of the expressions used. Hence, whatever may seem to have been considered as conventionally conventionalized or non-conventionalized politeness in a context, several factors must need to be considered for an expression to be a form of politeness strategy that performs supportive facework.
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López, María de la O. Hernández, and Lucía Fernández Amaya. "What makes (im)politeness for travellers? Spanish tourists’ perceptions at national and international hotels." Journal of Politeness Research 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0060.

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Abstract Although hotel service encounters have been widely studied, the literature presents two main shortcomings: 1) receptionist-guest communication has not received much attention from a politeness perspective; and 2) the scarcity of studies regarding politeness1 (i. e., the interlocutors’ perception of politeness) has been overshadowed by the vast amount of literature concerning politeness2. Regarding customer perception, understanding what appropriate communicative behaviour is - i. e. whether (non)verbal actions are conducive to variation in terms of customer perception and satisfaction - is crucial to understand service success or failure. In this context, our study examines the opinion and perception of 183 Spanish participants who had stayed at national and international hotels and who assessed, on the one hand, to what extent the receptionists were polite or impolite, and why; and on the other, how communication with customers could improve in terms of politeness. The findings indicate that, despite the participants’ general preference for friendliness and solidarity, the politeness strategies that participants valued as adequate in this context are not necessarily those traditionally related to Peninsular Spanish (i. e. directness and/or involvement). Also, this study shows that what lay people consider politeness encompasses a great number of variables in which linguistic production is but one of them.
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Mirxodjaeva, Feruzakhon Ulugbekovna. "THEORY OF POLITENESS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-09-04.

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The article is devoted to the study of the features of the verbalization of the concept of politeness in modern English, namely, the consideration and systematization of the possible andthe acceptable repertoire of linguistic tools available to the speaker to create polite utterancesin relation to various situations of communication, which, in its turn, involves consideration of interdependence and interaction of the actual semantics of the statement and its pragmatic parameters in the formation of a common meaning statements.
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Mirxodjaeva, Feruzakhon Ulugbekovna. "THEORY OF POLITENESS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-09-04.

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The article is devoted to the study of the features of the verbalization of the concept of politeness in modern English, namely, the consideration and systematization of the possible andthe acceptable repertoire of linguistic tools available to the speaker to create polite utterancesin relation to various situations of communication, which, in its turn, involves consideration of interdependence and interaction of the actual semantics of the statement and its pragmatic parameters in the formation of a common meaning statements.
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Gumartifa, Asti. "STUDIES OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS: THEORY OF POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE." Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/journey.v5i1.1811.

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In the social study of language, linguistic politeness has played a central role. Politeness in speaking English is also part of sociolinguistic and pragmatic learning. Each country has a variety of cultures and language accuracy in communication. Unfortunately, most learners don’t speak English based on the sociolinguistics features and it is influenced by the culture, gender, language style, and domain. Therefore, there are still some issues to the practice of politeness linguistics to the English as a second language. The study of qualitative research was used in this study method. The purposes of this research are to inform eight theories of politeness application, the concept of face in politeness, and various types of politeness which are also explained by the division and classification of politeness. To support the students’ information about politeness in linguistics, some existing research information is discussed in this research.
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Marcjanik, Małgorzata. "Moja przygoda z grzecznością." Język a Kultura 29 (May 16, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.29.3.

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The author presents an evolution of her research on Polish linguistic politeness, which in the beginning were held as part of grants related to cultural linguistics. The result were important books: Polish Linguistic Politeness (1977), Dictionary of Linguistic Savoir-Vivre (2014), How the Europeans Address Themselves (2019). The evolution of research developed towards intercultural comparison, the results of which were published in Our and Foreign Politeness (2005) and Politeness at the Ends of the World (2007). An expert on politeness writes that the young generation — in contrary to popular belief — is interested in language etiquette, which is verified by the academic and popular lectures held by the author.
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Vanesyan, Hovhannes. "Politeness and Its Perception by Armenian Learners of English: From Theory to Action." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 1 (19) (April 15, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.1.053.

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The study of the mechanisms of politeness in society has been a subject of interest for scholars of linguistics since the 20th century with the development of pragmatics and sociology. The aim of the current article is to introduce the most popular politeness theories as well as investigate how linguistic politeness is understood and used by students of English. We have conducted a social survey with students of English at the Department of European languages and Communication to see how well they perceive linguistic politeness in its two forms – negative and positive – as suggested by Brown and Levinson in their seminal work “Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage”. As a result, we have arrived at some interesting conclusions with regards to the way the students understand the two types of politeness, and at the same time we have offered some ways of improving the “lacuna” in their knowledge in relation to the appropriate use of politeness in interaction.
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Ardila, J. A. G. "Metapragmatic First-Order Politeness in Peninsular Spanish." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 21, no. 40 (August 28, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i40.96791.

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Research on Spanish politeness has developed dramatically in the past decade. One of the most influential theses regarding Spanish politeness was posited by Hickey (1991), who, in comparing Spanish to English, concluded that Peninsular Spanish has a positive politeness model. Subsequently, a number of linguists have further compared politeness in Spain to politeness in Britain. In analysing countless samples of expressive politeness (i.e. requests, apologies, terms of address, etc.), these authors have come to the conclusion that positive politeness predominates in Spain. However, such critical tendencies ignore the latest trends in politeness studies: one year after the publication of Hickey´s (1991) essay, Watts et al. (1992) vindicated the need to discern first-order politeness from second-order politeness, and put forward the relevance of metapragmatic discussions of politeness. Descriptivist assessments of Spanish politeness prevent linguists from attempting a metapragmatic methodology that help to determine where Spanish speakers stand in the politeness-impoliteness continuum. Nonetheless, current research on general politeness studies clearly envisages that this is a task that Spanish linguistics will need to fulfil in the long run. This paper offers a metapragmatic examination of linguistic politeness in Spain, based on the data obtained from 100 informants in Extremadura, aged 14 to 20. The information drawn from the survey indicates that, whilst the informants are fully aware of the politeness norms they have been taught by their parents and teachers, their linguistic performance seldom abides by such parameters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Politeness (Linguistics)"

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Shih, Pei Chun. "Cross-linguistic transference of politeness phenomena." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1697/.

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In this thesis, I have examined the screen translation of Japanese politeness into Cantonese dubbing as well as Chinese subtitling at three difference levels: (a) face threatening acts; (b) frequently used politeness markers and (c) discernment aspect of politeness. It is not difficult to find equivalents in the target languages for the politeness strategies exploited in dealing with face threatening acts. However, the indirectness expressed through certain commonly adopted politeness markers (such as negative interrogative) in Japanese cannot be conveyed into our target languages easily. Translators also encounter some difficulties when they deal with the discernment aspect of Japanese politeness (i.e. the distinction between plain, formal and honorific form). Both target languages are able to distinguish politeness of two levels instead of three as observed in the Japanese original. Finally, the screen translation, especially the dubbed version, of the two films that I examined demonstrates the dual role of a translated text as not only a reproduction of the original text but also a text which has its function in the target culture.
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Norwanto, Norwanto. "Gender and politeness in Javanese language." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34162/.

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The purpose of the thesis is to find patterns of gender and (im)politeness within the Javanese language. To attain its goals, the research discussion focused on the patterns of gender and (im)politeness in its formal aspects, power relations, and criticism. To accomplish the goals, the research applied a participation order and quantified data related to recurring actions (frame-based analysis). The research participants were Javanese families living in Surakarta and its surrounding areas, which are in Central Java, Indonesia. The data recorded natural conversations, involving voluntarily recorded daily conversations within familial settings. The formal aspects analysis indicated (1) husbands use a low style (ngoko) to address their wives; (2) Javanese women of the middle social class use different linguistic styles. Additionally, to express their respect, a higher number of women spoke in ngoko, while others addressed their husbands in higher level (basa). Those who used ngoko speech level displayed a minimal sign of deference by using honorific pronouns (e.g. panjenengan) and titles. The analysis on power relations reflected higher agreement in relation to the Javanese norm of indirection. However, the discussion on criticism demonstrated overtness and mock impoliteness, which disagrees with the norm of indirection. The last two analyses indicated that the evaluation of (im)politeness is different across social actions (e.g. asking, criticising, etc.). Among the three areas of analysis (formal aspects, power relations and criticism), there were persistent aspects involved in the evaluation of (im)politeness) such as intention, identity, moral orders, and utterances or actions.
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Terkourafi, Mariana. "Politeness in Cypriot Greek : a frame-based approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268811.

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McGarry, Theresa. "Review Of Politeness and Culture in Second Language Acquisition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6145.

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Haugh, Michael Bevan. "Politeness implicature in Japanese : a metalinguistic approach /." St. Lucia, Qld., 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17330.pdf.

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Hatipoglu, Ciler. "Culture, gender and politeness : apologies in Turkish and British English." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274746.

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Al-Badawi, Mohammed Abdel Qader. "Pragmalinguistic analysis of (im)politeness in literary discourse : a case study of major works by Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, Tawfiq Al-Hakim and Najuib Mahfouz." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=168318.

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The focus of this study is in the area of pragmatic-stylistics. The study argues that pragmatic tools such as (im)politeness theory and cooperative maxims can be applied to literary discourse to explain different dynamics in the conversation of dramatic and fictional characters in literary texts in relation to their sex, power, social distance, and interactive role. It also examines how these factors interrelate in explaining the tension in the characters’ dialogues. Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness and Culpeper’s framework of impoliteness, as well as Grice’s cooperative principle, have been used as a theoretical background to review critically the dialogues between the dramatic and fictional characters. The data of this study consists of four literary works. Two of them are written in English by Irish dramatists. These are Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw (1912), and The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde (1895). The other two texts are Fate of a Cockroach (1966) by the Arab dramatist Tawfiq Al-Hakim. The second Arabic work is Palace of Desire by Egyptian novelist Najuib Mahfouz (1954). Each text is analyzed to see how sex, power, social distance, and interactive role affect characters’ use of (im)politeness. Following this analysis, a chapter on the discrepancies of the translation of (im)politeness formulas is presented. The aim is to discover whether characters’ (im)politeness utterances in English have the same pragmatic equivalence as the original Arabic texts. It has been found that, especially in the case of invocations; an exact English equivalent often does not exist, thereby causing a loss in meaning and degree of conveying of the politeness or impoliteness utterance. The dissertation concludes that the pragmalinguistic tools – politeness and impoliteness theories as well as Grice’s cooperative principles are useful in explaining the dynamics of characters in literay discourse, and in explaining the interactive role of characters in literary texts. This in turn can leave us with some evidence to the themes tackled by the writers such as presenting the female discourse to be stronger and more out spoken than the male discourse in the four selected texts to reflect on the themes in each text. The thesis also contemplates further areas of research, especially in Arabic literature and media discourse in the Arab world. By keeping this research’s findings in mind, it sheds light on the cultural aspect of language, hopefully drawing the focus away from the mere science of the language.
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Tyurikova, Yevgeniya. "Expression of Politeness/Impoliteness Via the Aspectual Forms in the Imperative in Russian." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1213378430.

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Nanbakhsh, Golnaz. "Persian address pronouns and politeness in interaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6206.

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In this thesis, I aim to investigate the variation of Persian pronominal address system and politeness strategies in contemporary Iranian society from a quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistic perspective. I focus on Persian speakers’ use and perception of pronominal address forms in the light of socio-cultural norms in contemporary Iran. Persian, has two personal pronouns for singular address, to ([to]) the familiar or intimate ‘you’ and šoma ([∫oma:]) the deferential or formal ‘you’ (historically the second person plural but now also used as second person singular). Moreover, Persian is a pro-drop language, so the interaction between address pronouns and agreement marking on the verb must be taken into account. Another significant feature of colloquial Persian is a hybrid usage of the overt deferential second person pronoun and informal agreement forming a mismatch construction (i.e. šoma with 2s verb agreement) and intra-speaker pronominal address switches that occur between the deferential and casual pronominal address forms. Those deviations from the prescribed forms and/or distribution of the address pronouns are very interesting aspects that may show different levels of politeness even in one utterance. Consequently, this research examines spontaneous data looking at the sociolinguistic distributions and the pragmatic functions of pronominal address forms in contemporary Persian language and politeness synchronically. Three types of spontaneous data were collected for the purpose of analysis: a) participant observation, b) natural media conversations and c) sociolinguistic interviews with Persian speakers. In this study, the quantitative analysis investigates the correlation of pronominal address forms with extralinguistic factors such as age and gender of speaker and addressee in the interactional data. The qualitative analysis sheds light on how pronominal address forms and their variation encode communicative strategies in face-to-face interactions. Based on triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results with sociolinguistic interviews, I propose a dynamic model of indexicality for Persian pronominal address forms, which accommodates different forms and functions of address pronouns in interactional stances.
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Malam, Sally E. "Politeness, accommodation and divergence in turn-taking : implications for sex-difference theory." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320100.

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Books on the topic "Politeness (Linguistics)"

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Haugh, Michael. Im/politeness implicatures. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.

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J, Watts Richard, Ide Sachiko 1939-, and Ehlich Konrad 1942-, eds. Politeness in language: Studies in its history, theory, and practice. 2nd ed. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2005.

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Group, Linguistic Politeness Research. Discursive approaches to politeness. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011.

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Hilbig, Inga. Lietuvių ir anglų lingvistinis mandagumas: Prašymai : monografija. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2010.

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Terkourafi, Marina, and Staci Defibaugh. Interdisciplinary perspectives on im/politeness. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.

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Geyer, Naomi. Discourse and politeness: Ambivalent face in Japanese. London: Continuum, 2010.

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Fernández-Amaya, Lucia. New persectives on (im)politeness and interpersonal communication. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2012.

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Kádár, Dániel Z. Politeness in East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Geyer, Naomi. Discourse and politeness: Ambivalent face in Japanese. London: Continuum, 2008.

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Kallia, Alexandra. Politeness and implicature: Expanding the cooperative principle. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Politeness (Linguistics)"

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Brown, Lucien. "Honorifics and Politeness." In The Handbook of Korean Linguistics, 303–19. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371008.ch17.

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Ritchey, Elyse. "Building the Politeness Repertoire Through the Linguistic Landscape." In Educational Linguistics, 21–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39578-9_2.

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AbstractThe treatment of politeness in the language classroom is often restricted to a brief overview of polite forms of address, verb tenses, and lexical items. In this chapter, a novel pedagogical approach is proposed which uses instructional signage found in the linguistic landscape to enrich students’ appreciation of the real pragmatic force of politeness practices. Creators of instructional signage, whether official or ad-hoc, aim to regulate behavior in public spaces by informing observers of the rules in effect there. A careful reading of such signs reveals the rhetorical strategies employed to achieve the desired objective. Thus, by exploring them, the engaged observer – in this case, the language learner – can broaden their own cultural and linguistic repertoires. In this chapter, the analysis of multimodal instructional signage serves as a tool for improving students’ pragmatic competence. The approach was developed and tested in an intermediate French classroom; students were asked not only to examine signs but also to revise the text with different pragmatic goals in mind. These exercises encourage students to develop a more critical eye toward (im)politeness in the target culture and demonstrate that it is not reducible to sets of lexical items, tenses, or gestures, but is continuously constructed by creators and viewers alike.
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Jucker, Andreas H. "Politeness in the history of English." In English Historical Linguistics 2006, 3–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.296.04juc.

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Doğançay-Aktuna, Seran, and Sibel Kamışlı. "Linguistics of power and politeness in Turkish." In Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.88.05dog.

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Yoshikawa, Fumiko. "Politeness strategies in Late Middle English women’s mystical writing." In English Historical Linguistics 2008, 209–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.324.12yos.

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Aeginitou, Violetta. "The power of politeness in the Greek EFL classroom." In Themes in Greek Linguistics, 297. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.117.43aeg.

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Butler, Christopher S. "Politeness and the semantics of modalised directives in English." In Linguistics in a Systemic Perspective, 119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.39.07but.

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Shirado, Tamotsu, and Hitoshi Isahara. "A Computational Model of Change in Politeness with the Addition of Word Endings." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 318–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45715-1_32.

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Brown, Lucien. "Linguistic Politeness." In The Routledge Handbook of Korean as a Second Language, 51–67. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034704-5.

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Reiter, Rosina Márquez, and María Elena Placencia. "Examining Linguistic Politeness Phenomena." In Spanish Pragmatics, 143–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505018_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Politeness (Linguistics)"

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Klokova, Ksenia, Maxim Krongauz, Valery Shulginov, and Tatiana Yudina. "Towards a Russian Multimedia Politeness Corpus." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. RSUH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2023-22-233-244.

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Communication involves an exchange of information as well as the use of linguistic means to begin, sustain, and end conversations. Politeness is seen as one of the major language tools that facilitate smooth communication. In English, politeness has been an area of great interest in pragmatics, with various theories and corpus annotation approaches used to understand the relationship between politeness and social categories like power and gender, and to build Natural Language Processing applications. In Russian linguistics, politeness research has largely focused on lexical markers and speech strategies. This paper introduces the ongoing work on the development of the Russian Multimedia Politeness Corpus and discusses an annotation framework for oral communicative interaction, with an emphasis on adapting politeness theories for discourse annotation. The proposed approach lies in the identification of frames that encompass contextual information and the selection of relevant spatial, social, and relational features for the markup. The frames are then used to describe standard situations, which are marked by typical intentions and politeness formulae and paraverbal markers.
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Aljanaideh, Ahmad, Eric Fosler-Lussier, and Marie-Catherine de Marneffe. "Contextualized Embeddings for Enriching Linguistic Analyses on Politeness." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.198.

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Aljanaideh, Ahmad, Eric Fosler-Lussier, and Marie-Catherine de Marneffe. "Contextualized Embeddings for Enriching Linguistic Analyses on Politeness." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.198.

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Nuryantiningsih, Farida, and Wiekandini Dyah Pandanwangi. "Politeness and Impoliteness in Javanese Speech Levels." In Fourth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (Prasasti 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-18.2018.70.

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Suyami, Suyami, Djatmika Djatmika, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Dwi Purnanto. "Javanese Politeness: Strategy Of Politeness Of Fta Recipients In Kbj Vi." In Proceedings of First International Conference on Culture, Education, Linguistics and Literature, CELL 2019, 5-6 August, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-8-2019.2289814.

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Malkina, Maria, Anna Zinina, Nikita Arinkin, and Artemiy Kotov. "Multimodal Hedges for Companion Robots: A Politeness Strategy or an Emotional Expression?" In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. RSUH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2023-22-319-326.

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Abstract:
We examine the use of multimodal hedges (a politeness strategy, like saying A kind of!) by companion robots in two symmetric situations: (a) user makes a mistake and the robot affects user’s social face by indicating this mistake, (b) robot makes a mistake, loses its social face and may compensate it with a hedge. Within our first hypothesis we test the politeness theory, applied to robots: the robot with hedges should be perceived as more polite, threat to its social face should be reduced. Within our second hypothesis we test the assumption that multimodal hedges, as the expression (or simulation) of internal confusion, may make the robot more emotional and attractive. In our first experiment two robots assisted users in language learning and indicated their mistakes by saying Incorrect! The first robot used hedges in speech and gestures, while the second robot used gestures, supporting the negation. In our second experiment two robots answered university exam questions and made minor mistakes. The first robot used hedges, while the second robot used addressive strategy in speech and gestures, e. g. moved its hand to the user and said That’s it! We have discovered that the use of hedges as the politeness strategy in both situations makes the robot comfortable to communicate with. But robot with hedges looks more polite only in the experiment, where it affects user’s social face, and not when the robot makes mistakes. However, the usage of hedges as an emotional cue works in both cases: the robot with hedges seems to be cute and sympathy provoking both when it attacks user’s social face or loses its own social face. This spectrum of hedge usage can demonstrate its transition from an expressive cue of a negative emotion (nervousness) to a marker of speaker’s friendliness and competence.
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Madaan, Aman, Amrith Setlur, Tanmay Parekh, Barnabas Poczos, Graham Neubig, Yiming Yang, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Alan W. Black, and Shrimai Prabhumoye. "Politeness Transfer: A Tag and Generate Approach." In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.169.

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Manurung, Lastri Wahyuni, Sumarlam Sumarlam, Dwi Purnanto, and Sri Marmanto. "Bataknese’ Politeness Strategy in Marhata Sinamot (Dowry Bargaining)." In Proceedings of the Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-19.2019.61.

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Suwarni, Andi, and Aulia Bestari. "The Students’ Talk on Politeness and Impoliteness Interaction in Classroom." In International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211226.030.

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Belyakova, Natalia A. "ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF POLITENESS (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA." In Current Issues in Modern Linguistics and Humanities. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/09321-2019-706-717.

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