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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Political accumulation'
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Barbrook, R. "Entertainment as accumulation : A political economy of the mass media." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380585.
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Lindström, Lars. "Accumulation, regulation, and political struggles : manufacturing workers in South Korea /." Stockholm : University of Stockholm, Dept. of Political Science, 1993. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/30168.
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Burnham, Peter. "The British state and capital accumulation 1945-51." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58599/.
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This thesis examines the British state's international economic strategy in the postwar period of Attlee's governments 1945-51. It assesses the international political determinants of economic management in the Chancellorships of Dalton, Cripps, and Gaitskell. Special attention is paid to a critical examination of the orthodox interpretations of postwar British action which claim that the British state capitulated to American demands. The evidence of this thesis suggests that this claim is incorrect. The Labour government rejected a radical socialist solution to the economic problems facing Britain in 1945. To realise Labour's programme of domestic reconstruction the state required rapid accumulation which could only be achieved if Britain could reconstruct an adequate international payments system to facilitate trade and secure regular imports of essential commodities and raw materials. Although the postwar structure of production and trade left Western Europe heavily dependent on the economic resources of the United States, Britain had a strong bargaining position which rested on London's role as the primary financial centre and the UK's initial political and economic strength in relation to the other nations of Western Europe. Britain exploited these strengths to subvert the American objectives of world domination and ultimately coax the USA into accepting an Atlantic partnership to the mutual interest of each party. Whilst Britain's long-term objective was to re-establish sterling as a world currency, this objective should not be seen as simply serving US wishes or realising the interests of the City of London against 'national interests'. The objective was based on a material necessity, to overcome the primary barrier to accumulation which was the inappropriate structure of production and trade experienced in the dollar gap. Britain therefore used dollar aid to restructure trade, stimulate production, and reduce the dollar gap to gain some degree of independence from the United States.
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Khosa, Meshack Masasekane. "Capital accumulation, the apartheid state and rise of the Black taxi industry in Johannesburg and Soweto : 1930-1990." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317866.
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Amirali, Asha. "Market power : traders, farmers, and the politics of accumulation in Pakistani Punjab." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bb0c636a-2e2c-4a4b-9df8-d81c8ad129fa.
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This thesis examines traders' strategies of accumulation in agricultural commodity markets in Pakistani Punjab. It contributes to the literature on markets as social and political institutions as well as to broader debates on patronage, informality, urbanization, and class formation in South Asia. The principal aim of the thesis is to identify the institutions and ideologies facilitating exchange and study how they function in the market. It also aims to account for the increased political importance of traders, understood as members of Pakistan's intermediate classes, and reflect on the nature of their political participation. Non-programmatic, functional alignments are shown to be the norm and compatible with both military and democratic regimes. Through a close look at activities in one agricultural commodity market - or mandi, as it is known in Punjab - the present work explores the practices and linkages traders cultivate to bolster their economic and political power. Plunging into everyday mandi life in small-town Punjab, it illustrates how customary institutions articulate with the state and capital to co-regulate economic activity and create conditions for durable domination. Enmeshment in patron-client relations, links with the local state, associational activity, ownership and control of capital, and thick social ties are demonstrated to be key means by which wealth and power are accumulated. Class is shown to articulate closely with caste and kinship while being irreducible to them, and the role of dominant social institutions is demonstrated to be highly variable across the many processes ongoing in the market.
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Houle, F. "Economic crisis and state interventionism : An analysis of the crisis of the regime of intensive accumulation and the Welfare State." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356561.
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De, Banes Gardonne Pauline. "The financialization of the South Korean political economy since 1997 : multi-level analysis of accumulation regime change." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH150.
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Cette thèse questionne la financiarisation du régime d’accumulation en Corée du sud après la crise asiatique de 1997 à partir de l’observation des changements macroéconomiques et institutionnels importants poussés par l’adoption de politiques néolibérales ; de l’insertion croissante des entreprises dans les marchés financiers et commerciaux internationaux ; de la refonte du rôle de l’État pour promouvoir les secteurs intensifs en technologie. Le cadre conceptuel et les outils analytiques de la théorie de la Régulation, combinés à ceux de l’économie post-keynésienne, sont mobilisés pour envisager ces transformations de manière systémique, à plusieurs niveaux et à plusieurs échelles. Le travail de thèse discute les moteurs et les vecteurs qui participent à la financiarisation de l’économie politique sud-coréenne et les caractéristiques locales de ce processus global, intrinsèquement inégal et hiérarchique. • Le chapitre 1 De l’industrialisation à la financiarisation pose les jalons de la thèse en étudiant la dynamique macroéconomique contemporaine à la lumière des transformations politiques et institutionnelles depuis l’industrialisation. A partir d’une estimation du régime de demande en vigueur de 1980 à 2015, il est montré que le régime d’accumulation dominé par la finance qui se met en place après 1997 est tiré par le profit et entraîné par la consommation. • Le chapitre 2 Financiarisation le long des chaînes de valeurs examine la chute structurelle de l’investissement des entreprises manufacturières sud-coréennes en considérant le rôle de trois canaux de la financiarisation (effet d’évincement et fardeau financier) auxquels est rajouté le canal de l’intégration internationale des firmes dans les chaînes globales de valeurs (CGV). Une fonction d’investissement incluant ces trois canaux est estimée économétriquement sur données de firmes (1990-2015). Les résultats indiquent que l’effet des canaux de la financiarisation dépendent des modalités d’insertion des firmes dans les CGV.• Le chapitre 3 La répercussion contrastée de la financiarisation sur les capacités de l’État se concentre sur les transformations institutionnelles et organisationnelles au sein de l’État liées à la financiarisation. A partir d’un travail de terrain sur les politiques de promotion des start-ups, un mécanisme de changement institutionnel au sein de la structure étatique est identifié, celui de sédimentation. En promouvant les start-ups via l’industrie du capital-risque, les agences d’État tendent à adopter les pratiques et représentations du secteur financier, ainsi qu’à donner plus de poids aux acteurs financiers privés, ce qui pèse sur ses capacités d’innovationThis thesis examines the financialization of the accumulation regime in South Korea since the 1997 Asian crisis based on three inter-related transformations: macroeconomic and institutional changes under the neoliberal restructuring; the growing integration of firms into financial and trade markets; the restructuring of the role of the state under the drive to promote technology-intensive sectors. Building upon regulation theory and post-Keynesian economics, the analysis considers several levels—macroeconomic, institutional and political, and different scales—local, national, transnational. The thesis discusses the determining drivers and the conduits of the financialization of the South Korean political economy and the local characteristics of this global process, conceptualized as intrinsically uneven and hierarchical • Chapter 1 From industrialization to financialization analyzes the joint transformation of the macroeconomic trend, institutional change, and political change since industrialization. Based on the estimation of the demand regime(s) from 1980 to 2015, it is highlighted that the finance-dominated accumulation regime that has emerged after the 1997 Asian crisis is consumption driven and profit led. • Chapter 2 Financialization along value chains investigates the slowdown of accumulation of South Korean manufacturing firms by assessing the impact of three channels, the crowding out of fixed investment by financial investment, the financial burden of increasing payments to financial markets, and the modes of insertion to global value chains (GVCs). A dynamic panel model of an investment function is estimated on firm-level data (1990–2015). The results show that the impact of financialization channels depends on the modalities of firms’ insertion into GVCs. • Chapter 3 The uneven impact of financialization on state capacities examines the institutional and organizational transformations of the state associated with the financialization process. Based on semi-structured interviews in the start-up ecosystem, the layering mechanism of gradual institutional change within the state innovation bureaucracy is identified. The results outline a complex picture of the financialization of the state with the combination of the uneven diffusion of financialized reasoning in the innovation bureaucracy via entrepreneurship policies and the localized power shift from bureaucrats to private financiers
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Gómez, Andrés. "Resisting abandonment: An ethnography of oil workers' resistance to political violence and capital accumulation in rural Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277715.
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Colombia is the worst country to be a trade unionist in the world. Approximately 3,000 workers have been assassinated in the last 30 years, the state, paramilitary organizations and some multinationals being responsible for most of the murders. This fact highlights the importance of researching the mechanisms of mass violence against trade unionists including the mechanisms on part of the trade unionists that keep trade unionism alive. Because of the importance of studying power and resistance as part of social change, this thesis presents an ethnography of political violence against the labourers and the trade unionists that work for Pacific Rubiales Energy in the department of Meta, with focus on how those trade unionists resist such violence with an open resistance to both political violence and coercive capital accumulation. I state that the trade unionists, by adapting their list of demands to the locals' social and environmental needs, overstep corporatist trade unionism allowing them to break the social and physical death imposed by the state, the mafias and the multinational. I argue that the trade unionists' open resistance not only allows them to continue their social struggle and to challenge the violence exerted against them, but permits them to modernize a country that sustains a semi-feudal structure beneficial for the multinationals, the mafia barons and the economic and political elites by challenging their corrupt and murderous relations.
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Clunie, Gregor John. "From 'feral' markets to regimes of accumulation : the state and law in neoliberal capitalism." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6436/.
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The emergence between 1965 and 1973 of a crisis of over-accumulation and over-capacity, rooted in international manufacturing yet affecting the overall private business economies of the advanced capitalist countries, inaugurated a developmental context whose profound contradictions were brought home by the Great Recession of 2008-9 and the continuing Long Depression. The intervening period has seen profound economic, political and social crisis in the advanced capitalist world and has simultaneously been treacherous for under-developed economies forced to navigate rocketing energy costs and international commodity price and currency exchange rate turbulence under the continual threat of debt-levered expropriation. The struggle to locate the causes – proximate and ultimate – of the present crisis is at the same time a battle to map the basic economic and political coordinates of the continuing long downturn. In this connection it is contended that efforts have been undermined by the epistemological underdevelopment conditioned by a crisis of knowledge-formation which has unfolded in parallel with the long downturn. The dominance of neoclassical economics (‘unworldly’ since the marginal revolution) on the right and the displacement of Marxism on a structurally weakened and autodidactic left in the context of the ascent of postmodernism as an intellectual and cultural dominant has opened a space between the material and discursive realities of global capitalist development. This work is an attempt to deploy the method developed by the classical Marxist tradition to approach the significance of the state and law in the historically-conditioned reproduction of capitalist social relations. It is contended in the first place that the dualism which obtains between national and global spheres in much theorisation of neoliberal ‘globalisation’ obscures the dialectical interrerelation of state and world market – the institutional and regulatory environment of international trade, money and finance being both the creation of states and the developing context which frames their – necessarily path-dependent and reflexive – projects of domestic economy making. As against popular notions of state decline, following Gowan the state-political content of the centring of private financial markets in the mediation of international monetary relations is recalled, while the embeddedness of the state in circuits of capital accumulation is emphasised (Tony Smith), the concept of ‘regime of accumulation’ being deployed to capture the nexus of monetary, fiscal and regulatory policy which articulates historically-conditioned development strategies. In this respect, we depart from the work of the Bolshevik jurist Pashukanis, who despite significantly advancing the materialist analysis of the juridical form, identified in his most significant work a largely derivative role for the state. It is argued that the methodological weakness represented by Pashukanis’ disproportionate emphasis on commodity exchange – his failure to proceed from the basis of the capitalist economy as a contradictory unity of production and circulation – prevents him from fully apprehending the role of the state in the production and reproduction of capitalist social relations. As the discussion unfolds, there is developed in conversation principally with Gramsci an understanding of the state as the specific material condensation of a relationship of forces among classes and class fractions. Upholding the notion of the ‘integral state’ as a differentiated unity of civil society and political society upon which terrains the capitalist class forms alliances with proximate classes as the prerequisite for and correlate of its domination of labour, the developmental context represented by neoliberalism is conceived in terms of the transition of interest-bearing capital from leading to dominant fraction of the capitalist class in parallel with its tendential contradictory disaggregation from productive capital. Such a process has necessitated a transformation in the character of bourgeois political supremacy involving a dismantling of the civil rights and social protections accumulated during the period bookended by Americanism and the welfare state and increasing dependence upon an expanded machinery of coercion. Proceeding from this basis, it is considered how in specific developmental contexts the state by way of the legal form maps the social totality, achieving distinctive couplings (and de-couplings) of wealth production and social reproduction. There is asserted the second-order integration of public and private spheres in terms of the fundamental unity of capitalist reproduction, the first-order public/private metabolism being evaluated in view of the facilitation and rationalisation of social reproduction in the context of a productive economy structured around dissociated private producers. The legal form is further interrogated in view of its role in structuring the productive antagonism between capital and labour, a relation which on the basis of its form comes to expresses various contents – from consensual integration to casuistic assimilation – as domestic social relations are (in-)validated by the operation of the law of value at the level of the world market. In this connection, the unproductive theoretical polarisation obtaining between approaches which consider law to be epiphenomenal and those which pursue its relative autonomy is enriched by a historicised conception in terms of which law, concretising specific relationships of forces within particular regimes of accumulation, appears as ‘sword’, as ‘shield’ and as ‘fetter’. This framework is particularly useful for evaluating the opportunities for the deployment of legal strategies by labour and groups oppressed under capitalism – a question in relation to which Pashukanis, following Lenin, demonstrated a remarkable political astuteness.
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Gorvy, Sean B. "Capital accumulation, local democracy and the state : tension management in urban economic development in the UK with special reference to the London Docklands Development Corporation and the West Midlands Enterprise Board, 1981-1990." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239372.
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Szendro, Enrique. "Accumulation by Conservation : Conflicts between aquaculture, protected mangroves and small-scale fisheries in Marismas Nacionales, Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351229.
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Brackish water ecosystems such as mangroves are among the most biodiverse in the world. The mangroves located in the Gulf of California, Mexico are not an exception. This sea has been studied several times due to its biodiverse coastal ecosystems, one of these sites being “Marismas Nacionales” or National Marshes in the southeast area of the Gulf, which was the focus of the thesis. Local fishing communities have been present in the area since pre-Hispanic times and the area became recognized for their abundant oyster, shrimp, and finfish yields during the XX century. Overexploitation of fisheries in Mexico and national financial crisis opened the door to neoliberal policy and law reforms which affected directly and still affect the subsistence, economy and political power of the fishers in the area. Because of the neoliberal reforms, shrimp aquaculture became an important economic activity in and around the region of Marismas Nacionales by the end of the 1980s. By the 1990s international and national protection, instruments were implemented to revert the damages and pressures created by overexploited fishers, as well as by the new aquaculture practices introduced in the ecosystem, giving Marismas Nacionales the status of the biosphere reserve. The figure of biosphere reserve has reverted the damages in the ecosystem while preserving the communal land inside of it. Nevertheless, since the biosphere reserve does not cover the whole ecosystem, the political boundaries of the biosphere reserve have also been detrimental for the ecosystem and local fishers’ land tenure that remained outside of it, creating an inside/outside effect. The study was done considering the perspectives of the actors involved, mainly the fishers in the area through semi-structured interviews gathered using a snowball method, through second-hand sources collection and literature review. The analysis was done through the political ecology and political economy perspectives to examine the conflicts that were found. The neoliberal laws from the period between 1986 and 1992 have not stopped the depletion of fisheries in the Marismas Nacionales ecosystem. Additionally, with the combination of a lack of formal credit schemes leading to an exploitation by permit holders and middlemen; fishers, in particular, free fishers, in the Marismas Nacionales ecosystem have become vulnerable, as well as scapegoats for the shortcomings of the flawed policies. The most affected fishers inside Marismas Nacionales ecosystem where found outside the limits of the biosphere reserve, demonstrating the deficiencies of the biosphere reserve. Additionally, I claim that conservation instruments and areas around Mexico could potentially become part of a process of primitive accumulation which could end up in privatizing those areas as seen in other places around the world. Moreover, shrimp aquaculture seems to benefit from the conservation policies. Further research is advised in regulatory processes and conservation law schemes, as well as an accurate implementation in the Marismas Nacionales wetlands, that considers all those implicated.
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Stenberg, Emma, and Vincent Said Rafiee. "Land grabbing and its implications on rural livelihoods in Ghana and Ethiopia : a comparative study." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36157.
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The rush for land has escalated the last decade, with Sub-Saharan Africa as the most targeted region. Governments, local elites and foreign corporations are increasingly taking control over large areas of agricultural lands with the aim of creating higher financial returns and achieve food security. This phenomenon, known as land grabbing, has received a lot of attention worldwide, not least from non-governmental organizations and scholars stressing the negative impacts on rural farmers and families. Yet, several international organizations as well as many African governments keep advocating the positive effects that land grabbing can have on poverty reduction and economic growth. The dominating capitalist and neoliberal view on development, focusing largely on the economic part, undermines the social and environmental impacts that these investments bring. The purpose of this comparative study is therefore to examine, analyze and compare these impacts in Ghana and Ethiopia, two countries heavily affected by land grabbing. This is done through the lens of political ecology, where concepts such as environmental justice, accumulation by dispossession and sustainable rural livelihoods will be of particular significance. Based on a systematic literature review, the results show that land grabbing projects, said to aim at stimulating economic and social development, have resulted in dispossessions, injustices and environmental conflicts wherein indigenous communities have been deeply affected. Their traditional livelihoods, based mainly on cultivation, fishing, gathering and hunting, have been threatened by several impacts from the land grabs. These include loss of land, declined access to resources, damaged ecosystems, deforestation and lack of alternative ways to maintain food security.
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Kohen, Matthew. "Workers, unions, and the globalization of production : structural and institutional challenges for organized labor in the United States." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001691.
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Main, Meredith. "Like Watching a Brother Die: Environmental Racism in Bahia, Brazil." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6893.
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Until the 1970s, small black fishing communities primarily populated Bahia’s north coast. A recent demand for luxury coastal real estate has radically altered the region’s social and environmental landscape. While Bahia’s population is roughly 80% poor and black, the coast is now a space of exclusivity and whiteness. Sewage infrastructure does not meet the needs of the growing population. Domestic sewage flows directly into urban rivers. Poor black fishers, whose food security and livelihoods depend on access to healthy water resources, suffer most in this context. This dissertation explores two interlinking forms of environmental racism – water pollution and racial profiling – that fishers in Praia de Buraquinho, Bahia, Brazil, experience daily. Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research, this project follows the lives of 75 fishers enmeshed in a struggle for environmental and racial justice. I uncover how coastal development has polluted the community's primary river fishery while private gated communities physically restrict fishers' access and subject them to racial profiling practices by private security guards. Ultimately, I argue that regional coastal development in Bahia represents a new model of capital accumulation through what I call “racialized environmental dispossession” that, as one Praia de Buraquinho fishers suggests, is "like watching a brother die."
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Ismihan, Mustafa. "The Role Of Politics And Instability On Public Spending Dynamics And Macroeconomic Performance: Theory And Evidence From Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604711/index.pdf.
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This Ph.D. thesis comprises of two parts. Part I develops a framework to provide insights into the understanding of several political macro-economy issues related to fiscal policy making. This framework links the overall macroeconomic performance to the public spending and borrowing decisions. The key feature of this framework is that it makes a distinction between productive (e.g. public investment) and non-productive public spending (e.g. popular spending). It is shown that a high level of political instability may lead to myopic and populist policies and may be associated with less favorable macroeconomic performance in terms of not only future output and inflation but also future popular spending. Part I also suggests an alternative channel for expansionary or Non-Keynesian fiscal contractions based on the productivity enhancing role of productive public spending. It is shown that if the incumbent government reduces popular (productive) spending rather than productive (popular) spending, then Non-Keynesian (Keynesian) effects are achieved. Furthermore, it is shown that the favorable effects of public investment depends positively on its quality in this framework. Moreover, the net effect of productive spending financed by borrowing on the next period's macroeconomic performance depends on the benefits of productive spending relative to the costs of borrowing. Even under a capital borrowing rule higher public investment may yield unfavorable effects and also it may not necessarily prevent the strategic use of public investment, even though it prevents strategic debt accumulation. Part II investigates the effects of macroeconomic instability on capital accumulation and economic growth in the Turkish economy over the 1963-1999 period. Descriptive and econometric (time series) analyses suggest that macroeconomic instability not only deters capital accumulation and economic growth but it may also reverse the complementarity between public and private investment in the long-run.
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Zamchiya, Phillan. "Agrarian change in Zimbabwe : politics, production and accumulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25e709cb-d621-47fa-a68e-db89ddacc3b3.
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The analysis of agrarian change presented in this thesis integrates state practices and wider politics to the study of rural differentiation, using a case study of Zimbabwe. Most studies of agrarian change in the 21st century have tried to come to grips with rural differentiation in Africa, its causes and effects, by using particular models such as those of neo-classical economics, livelihood approaches, Marxist analysis of accumulation and social and cultural networks, or a combination of variables from the four approaches. However, these theoretical approaches fail to comprehensively integrate the role of the state and politics into the analysis of rural differentiation. My study explains differentiation by exploring beneficiary selection, production and accumulation processes on Zimbabwe’s Fast Track land reform resettlement schemes. Fast Track involved a series of partisan and violent invasions of largely white owned commercial farms from 2000, which constituted the largest land redistribution in post-colonial Africa. Scholars exploring politics and the Zimbabwean state have not applied their insights to an analysis of field based data on production and accumulation on Zimbabwe’s resettlement farms. I argue that the restructuring of the state and politics as an instrument of violence and as a site of accumulation dominated by patronage-both justified through ideology-was central to agrarian change after 2000. I find the three concepts of violence, patronage and ideology more useful in capturing the nuances and modalities of empirical realities on resettlement schemes than neo-patrimonial theories that provide generalised accounts of the African state. Though still acknowledging the role of other differentiating factors such as social networks, hard work by resettled farmers and economic factors, it is through the integration of political processes into the analysis of agrarian change that, I argue, one can understand better the dynamics shaping rural differentiation in post-2000 Zimbabwe.
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Santos, Herberth Lima dos. "Desenvolvimento nacional, desenvolvimento regional e moeda: notas te?ricas ? luz da economia pol?tica do desenvolvimento." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14082.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-21This work analyses the ability of National States and regions have to formulations development strategies. Redeeming the initial development concept as a conflictual process, the hypothesis is that it presents internal and external constraints, as the latter have a higher preponderance, revealed the role played by money. In this case, one can point to as sub-hypothesis that the growth models with external constraint, mainly through the balance of payments, may illustrate the fact that countries are subject to international economic interactions that limit the possibility of bringing acylating strategies well successful in overcoming backwardness. For the specific case of regions, indicates that the external constraint remains an element of embarrassment for regional development, but redeems itself the center-periphery relations in this context to discuss the role of monetary and financial system as an explanation for the disparities regional income. On the domestic front, we highlight the importance of social structures of accumulation as an element of internal cohesion necessary to achieve successful development trajectories. It points also to the importance of the State in the process rescuing some of the main theoretical contributions of the political economy of development, incorporating the concept of globalization on theoretical frameworks presented. This construction where development depends on the actions of external and internal conditions, where money plays a key role as a guideline for reflections on regional development. The attempt was to transplant our considerations on the general development to address the case of regions. Finally, we conclude by greater confidence in the hypothesis and sub-hypotheses of departure, which led to propositions of economic policies
Este trabalho investiga o raio de manobra que Estados Nacionais e regi?es possuem para a formula??es de estrat?gias de desenvolvimento. Resgatando inicialmente o conceito de desenvolvimento como um processo conflituoso, a hip?tese desenvolvida ? que este apresenta condicionantes internos e externos, em que estes ?ltimos possuem maior preponder?ncia, revelada pelo papel desempenhado pela moeda. Nesse caso, pode-se apontar como sub-hip?tese que os modelos de crescimento com restri??o externa, fundamentalmente atrav?s do balan?o de pagamentos, podem ilustrar o fato de que os pa?ses est?o submetidos a intera??es econ?micas internacionais que limitam a possibilidade de levar adiantes estrat?gias bem sucedidas de supera??o do atraso. Para o caso espec?fico das regi?es, aponta-se que a restri??o externa continua sendo um elemento de constrangimento ao desenvolvimento regional, por?m resgata-se as rela??es centro-periferia nesse contexto para discutir o papel da moeda e do sistema financeiro como explica??o para as disparidades regionais de renda. No front interno, destaca-se a import?ncia das estruturas sociais de acumula??o como elemento de coes?o interna necess?rio para a consecu??o de trajet?rias de desenvolvimento exitosas. Aponta-se ainda para import?ncia do Estado nesse processo resgatando algumas das principais contribui??es te?ricas da economia pol?tica do desenvolvimento, incorporando o conceito de globaliza??o nos marcos te?ricos apresentados. Essa constru??o em que o desenvolvimento depende da atua??o de condi??es externas e internas, em que a moeda desempenha um papel fundamental serviu de orienta??o para as reflex?es em torno do desenvolvimento regional. A tentativa foi de transplantar nossas considera??es sobre o desenvolvimento em geral para tratar do caso das regi?es. Finalmente, conclui-se pela maior confian?a em rela??o a hip?tese e sub-hip?teses de partida, o que levou a proposi??es de pol?ticas econ?micas
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COTTINI, ELENA. "Human Capital Accumulation and the Labour Market: Applications Using Evaluation Methods." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/112.
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Human capital accumulation and its effect on labour market outcomes have been in the focus of economic research for decades. Traditionally the economic literature suggests that there might exist several forms of human capital, where human capital represents the knowledge, skills and health embodied in individuals. Skills and knowledge are largely acquired through education and experience but may also reflect, in part, innate abilities. In addition, some aspects of motivation and behaviour, as well as attributes such as the physical, emotional and mental health of individuals are also considered as human capital. These activities are referred to as human capital because people cannot be separated from their knowledge, skills and health, in the way they are separated from their physical and capital assets. Human capital accumulation is an important determinant of individuals' earning capacity and employment prospects, therefore plays an important role in determining the level and distribution of income in society. Moreover, the costs of these investments include direct outlays on market goods and the opportunity cost of the time that must be withdrawn from competing uses. Apart from direct investments in human capital people could also invest in constructing a network of relationships for example to find a job. Until now all these aspects have been studied separately, in this thesis I try to reconcile them.
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Jonsson, Ivar. "Hegemonic politics and accumulation strategies in Iceland, 1944-1990 : longwaves in the world economy, regimes of accumulation and uneven development : small states, microstates and problems of world market adjustment." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399722.
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Segarra, Josep Juan. ""Paz entre nós, guerra aos senhores!": uma etnografia sobre o Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Público e a ocupação da Câmara de Vereadores de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129991.
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Esta pesquisa tem como principal objeto de estudo os repertórios de ação e mobilização utilizados durante e ao redor da Ocupação da Câmara de Vereadores de Porto Alegre (10-18 de julho de 2013). A partir da experiência etnográfica e do engajamento militante no Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Público, busca-se compreender de que formas o Bloco se organizou e quais são os valores que nortearam esta organização. Ao mesmo tempo, atenta-se para os sujeitos responsáveis por essas práticas e por esses meios, procurando identificar as redes sociais que os aproximam e suas trajetórias de vida. Assembleias, atos, comissões, ocupações, redes sociais e cine-debates servem para analisar as disputas dentro do Bloco de Lutas e ao redor da Ocupação da Câmara de Vereadores de Porto Alegre. É priorizado o recorte etnográfico e o diálogo com outros autores que pensam as práticas de governo e os sentidos das políticas nesses tempos e nesses espaços. Finalmente, identificam-se as divergências estratégicas como o principal problema do Bloco, as ocupações como uma forma de ação coletiva integral e a potencialidade da antropologia pública e das camadas de autoria.This research has as its main object of study the repertoires of action and mobilization used in and around the Occupation of the City Council of Porto Alegre (10-18 July 2013). From the ethnographic experience and militant engagement in the Fight Block for Public Transportation, we seek to understand what this Block was organized like, and what values are the ones that guided this organization. Meanwhile, we focused on the subjects responsible for these practices and means, trying to identify social networks that link them and their life trajectories. Meetings, acts, commissions, occupations, social networks and cine-debates served to analyze disputes within the Fight Block and about the Occupation of the City Council of Porto Alegre. It is prioritized the ethnographic research and dialogue with other authors who think government practices and senses of policies in these times and spaces. Finally, it identifies the strategic divergences as the main problem of the Block, the occupations as a form of full collective action and the potential of public anthropology and authory layers.
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Guironnet, Antoine. "La financiarisation du capitalisme urbain : Marchés immobiliers tertiaires et politiques de développement urbain dans le Grand Paris et le Grand Lyon, les projets des Docks de Saint-Ouen et du Carré de Soie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1093/document.
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De nombreux objets et espaces urbains situés dans les métropoles deviennent des actifs financiers. Bureaux, centres commerciaux, résidences étudiantes, grands équipements sont acquis par des fonds d’investissement et des sociétés cotées qui capitalisent sur les flux de revenus futurs générés par l’usage de ces bâtiments par des entreprises et des habitants. Le redéveloppement urbain à travers l’aménagement de quartiers mixtes se retrouve, par l’entremise des circuits de financement des marchés immobiliers, branché sur les marchés financiers. La thèse se propose d’analyser cette financiarisation du capitalisme urbain à partir de l’articulation des politiques des gouvernements urbains et des stratégies financières des gestionnaires d’actifs immobiliers. Les rapports de pouvoir entre ces deux acteurs et leurs effets socio-spatiaux et matériels sont interrogés à partir d’une comparaison de deux grands projets d’aménagements situés dans le Grand Paris et le Grand Lyon. C’est dans cette perspective que l’enquête porte sur les projets opérationnels, mais aussi sur les salons immobiliers où ils sont présentés, et les stratégies métropolitaines.La recherche montre qu’en dépit d’orientations politiques différentes, la construction d’immobilier tertiaire standardisé, polarisé, et réservé à quelques grandes entreprises conditionne le redéveloppement urbain dans les deux cas. Ces conditions correspondent aux standards d’investissement sélectifs des gestionnaires d’actifs, que les conseils en immobiliers et les promoteurs relayent auprès des gouvernements urbains. Elles résultent de processus dont la conflictualité varie en fonction des agendas locaux. Après d’intenses négociations menées par les promoteurs, la municipalité de Saint-Ouen a renoncé à certains principes structurants du projet des Docks. L’aménagement du Carré de Soie s’est au contraire traduit par un consensus entre promoteurs et le Grand Lyon autour de la réalisation d’un pôle tertiaire. Deux configurations locales sont avancées pour interpréter ce résultat comparatif propice à la financiarisation. La faiblesse de la régulation de la production de bureaux à l’échelle de la métropole parisienne conduit à des négociations localisées au sein du projet, où les objectifs municipaux sont contraints par la hiérarchisation des priorités politiques, les modalités de financement de l’aménagement et la matérialité du foncier. Dans la métropole lyonnaise, l’institutionnalisation d’une politique de l’offre immobilière portée par l’exécutif et les services de développement économique du Grand Lyon organise la circulation des standards d’investissement à l’échelle de l’agglomération et renforce leur poids sur l’aménagement.À partir de ces résultats, la thèse propose une lecture d’économie politique urbaine de la financiarisation de l’environnement urbain alternative à la théorie marxienne, en insistant sur le rôle des gestionnaires d’actifs et soulignant ses médiations. Elle contribue aux théories du pouvoir urbain en montrant le poids limité des agendas locaux sur les effets sélectifs de la financiarisation, et en discutant la formation, à certaines conditions, d’une coalition de croissance financiariséeMyriads of urban objects and spaces located in city-regions have turned into financial assets. Office buildings, shopping malls, student dwellings, and large utilities are purchased by investment funds and listed property companies, which seek to capitalise on the future income streams based on their use by firms and people. Urban redevelopment and financial markets are thus intertwined through the financing circuits of property markets. By analysing the interactions between the financial strategies of real estate asset managers and the urban development policies of city governments, the thesis sets out to analyse this financialisation of urban capitalism. In order to question their power relationships and their socio-spatial and material outcomes, it develops a comparison between two large-scale, mixed-use urban redevelopment projects located in the Greater Paris and Greater Lyon areas. The comparison is based on the investigation of the projects, commercial real estate fairs where they are showcased to investors, and metropolitan strategies.Despite different local agendas, both projects leads to the production of standardised and spatially clustered commercial real estate buildings whose access is limited to a restricted set of tenants, thus strongly constraining urban redevelopment policies. Such characteristics correspond to the selective expectations of asset managers, whose investment standards are circulated by real estate brokers and developers to city governments. They result from different processes, which involve more or less conflicts according to local agendas. Faced with intense opposition from developers, the city of Saint-Ouen had to back on several key goals of the project, whereas the redevelopment of the Carre de Soie was undertaken on the basis of a strong consensus between local developers and the Greater Lyon metropolitan authority. In order to account for these differences, the thesis identifies two local configurations conducive of financialisation. In Saint-Ouen’s Docklands case, weak regulation at the city-region scale between cities competing to attract businesses contributes to localised power relationships; their results depend in turn from the combination between priority-setting, redevelopment financing and land materiality. In the Carre de Soie case, the institutionalisation of a property-led policy carried out by the metropolitan executive and its economic development staff has organised the circulation of investment standards at the city-region scale, thereby enhancing their impact on urban redevelopment.Based on these results, the thesis offers an urban political economy of the financialisation of urban production which, compared to Marxian theory, highlights the role of real estate asset managers and pays attention to the mediations of such a process. It also contributes to theories of urban power by emphasising the limited explanatory power of local agendas on the selective effects of financialisation. Eventually, it discusses how, under specific circumstances, an urban financialised coalition emerges
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Watson, Amanda. "Accumulating Cares: Women, Whiteness, and the Affective Labour of Responsible Reproduction in Neoliberal Times." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34566.
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This thesis examines contemporary popular and news media representation of motherhood and labour in Canada and the United States. I explore what texts about motherhood and maternal labour suggest about gendered responsibilities to citizenship in neoliberal conditions. Building on important feminist research in the fields of citizenship, care, and the welfare state, I ask how are mothers being socially responsibilized toward multiple forms of labour simultaneously and to what effect? By engaging feminist theories of citizenship and bridging this field with feminist theories of science, media, and affect, I demonstrate how, under neoliberal conditions and in precarious circumstances, the ways in which women appear to juggle their commitments to paid and unpaid labour, determines how mainstream discourses reflect their value as citizens. This dissertation uses feminist critical discourse analysis to assess how, as women are responsibilized toward unpaid intimate work in newly empirical ways at the same time that they are encouraged to pursue career success in full-time paid employment, contemporary women in Canada and the United States are encouraged to rise above welfare retrenchment and inadequate provision by juggling “it all.” My thesis is an intersectional feminist project that interrogates questions of gendered citizenship and maternal affect, and I join feminist political theorists in applying pressure to the field of citizenship studies to centre reproduction in discussion of gendered welfare.
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Joseph, Nithya. "The socio-politics of producing silk and accumulating gold in a South Indian town through the liberalisation reform period." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH088.
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Cette thèse traitera de l'impact des réformes de libéralisation sur un cluster de production de soie vieux de deux siècles, situé à Ramanagaram, une ville du sud de l'Inde. Dans ce cluster, les propriétaires d'unités de production et les travailleurs, issus de groupes sociaux marginalisés, sont engagés dans l'extraction de fils de soie brute dans de petites unités à domicile. Cette thèse présente une étude sectorielle localisée afin de comprendre les diverses façons dont le néolibéralisme a façonné les politiques et les processus de production et d'accumulation dans l'économie indienneThis thesis discusses the impact of liberalisation reforms on a two century old silk reeling cluster, in a South Indian town called Ramanagaram, where production unit owners and hired workers from marginalised social groups are engaged in the extraction of raw silk thread in home-based units. It presents a localized, sector-based study that contributes to understanding the diverse ways in which neoliberalism has entered policy and has impacted production and accumulation in the Indian economy
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Lehnert, Matthew R. "Ghost Hunting and A Moroccan Forest: a geography of Madness." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372856199.
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Costa, Walber Carrilho da. "As relações de trabalho na indústria de carnes: um estudo de caso de mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2958.
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Previous issue date: 2005-06-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Abstract The present study seeks to contribute for a deeper in the quarrels discussions the labor relations in Brazil starting from the new productive processes from current flexible standard of capitalist accumulation model. For this, it is had as objective to study such relationships in an important sector for the national economy: the meats industry. A sector that, in spite of its importance, has been little studied with refers to the pertinent questions to the relationship between the capital, the work and the State. As geographic and timed clipping, it was opted to making a study in the Meso-region of the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba from the years of 1990. The basic hypothesis of the work is of that the impacts that the transformations in the organizations and the productive processes have on the labor relationships should not be considered from a determinist way, because they depends on the environment (economic, cultural, social and politician) in which they are inserted. This hypothesis was confirmed to the measure that if studied environments meso and micro-regulations of the labor relations in meat industry of the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. What was observed is that, to that seems, this relation is much more fragile. Also, this can be the clarifying factor of the great investments that have occurred in the region in this industry. Of this form, a change in the labor relation system of the country, of a standard legislated for one negotiated, does not have to be carried through without taking in consideration the great differences of being able of negotiation in the most diverse sectors and regions of the country. Without these considerations, the risk of a still bigger growth in the existing polarities already exist in the Brazilian's labor market.
O presente estudo busca contribuir para um maior aprofundamento nas discussões a respeito das relações de trabalho no Brasil a partir dos novos processos produtivos advindos com atual padrão flexível de acumulação capitalista. Para tal, tem-se como objetivo estudar tais relações em um setor importante para a economia nacional: a indústria de carnes. Um setor que, apesar de sua importância, tem sido pouco estudado no que tange às questões pertinentes ao relacionamento entre o capital, o trabalho e o Estado. Como recorte geográfico e temporal, optou-se por fazer um estudo na Mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba a partir dos anos de 1990. A hipótese básica do trabalho é a de que os impactos que as transformações nas organizações e nos processos produtivos têm sobre as relações de trabalho não devem ser considerados de forma determinista, pois dependem do ambiente (econômico, cultural, social e político) no qual estão inseridas. Essa hipótese foi confirmada à medida que se estudaram os ambientes meso e micro-regulatórios das relações de trabalho na indústria de carnes no Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. O que foi observado é que, ao que parece, essa relação é muito mais frágil. Inclusive, esse pode ser o fator explicativo dos grandes investimentos que têm ocorrido na região nessa indústria. Desta forma, uma mudança no sistema de relações de trabalho do país, de um padrão legislado para um negociado, não deve ser realizado sem levar em consideração as grandes diferenças de poder de negociação nos mais diversos setores e regiões do país. Sem estas considerações, corre-se o risco de um crescimento ainda maior nas polaridades já existentes no mercado de trabalho brasileiro.
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Morais, Marli Alcântara Ferreira. "O TEMPO DOS TRABALHADORES NOS TRILHOS DO CAPITAL: o processo de aceleração temporal na Companhia Vale do Rio Doce /MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/784.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-27FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO
Appropriation and control of workers time at Companhia Vale do Rio Doce in Maranhão, in the context of capital transnationalization. Temporal changes for CVRD/MA workers are analyzed within the movement of great capital towards Latin America, stressing how in that region the relation between mineral and time has historically determined its periphery condition in the world capital system, effectively contributing to the great potencies development. Based on the fundaments of the temporal homogenization process, the specificities in the struggle between capital and labor for a control of time in different social spaces are apprehended, particularly within mineral exploration spaces, with a focus on the specificities of working time appropriation by capital in the present context of flexible accumulation, wherein great capital seeks new markets. Brazilian State action in the context of such great capital expansion towards Brazilian Eastern Amazon region is presented, a privileged space for mineral exploration, particularly concerning Maranhão, emphasizing the singular determinations in time transformations for workers under the influence of the Carajás Railroad. In conclusion, an analysis on the specificities of such transformations at CVRD in the productive restructuring process, in which were instituted working conditions and a workforce exploration above all marked by temporal acceleration, focusing on incidences of such a process for elderly workers, with more extended service time, particularly after privatization.
Apropriação e controle do tempo dos trabalhadores na Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, no Maranhão, no contexto de transnacionalização do capital. Analisam-se as transformações temporais para os trabalhadores da CVRD/MA no movimento do grande capital rumo à América Latina, evidenciando-se como, nessa região, a relação entre tempo e minério tem determinado, historicamente, a sua condição de periferia no sistema mundializado do capital, contribuindo efetivamente para o desenvolvimento das grandes potências. Apreende-se, com base nos fundamentos do processo de homogeneização temporal, as especificidades da luta entre capital e trabalho em torno do controle do tempo nos diferentes espaços sociais e, mais particularmente, nos espaços de exploração mineral, enfocando as especificidades da apropriação do tempo de trabalho pelo capital no atual regime de acumulação flexível, no qual o grande capital busca novos mercados. Mostra-se a ação do Estado brasileiro no contexto de expansão desse grande capital para a Amazônia Oriental brasileira, um espaço privilegiado para a exploração mineral, e, em particular, para o Maranhão, ressaltando-se as determinações singulares das transformações temporais para os trabalhadores sob a influência da Estrada de Ferro Carajás. Conclui-se com uma análise acerca das especificidades dessas transformações na CVRD no contexto de reestruturação produtiva, na qual se instituíram condições de trabalho e de exploração da força de trabalho marcadas, sobretudo, pela aceleração temporal, destacando-se as incidências desse processo para os trabalhadores com mais idade e com mais tempo de serviço na empresa, sobretudo a partir da sua privatização.
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Mawowa, Showers. "'Tapping into the chaos' : crisis, state and accumulation in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1517.
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The conjunctural dynamics of the Zimbabwe crisis after 2000 have produced a distinctive pattern of accumulation .Four features are noticeable in this pattern - firstly ; disorder and/or violence has become common , both as a general feature and driver of wealth accumulation and the political project accompanying it . Secondly ; the State has increasingly become more central and pervasive in driving accumulation and in the distribution of both economic and political goods . Thirdly , the crisis has awakened , reinforced and reshaped a distinctive acquisitive culture peculiar to the period in question , albeit resonating with the historical formation of Zimbabwe's ruling elite . Lastly , the current crisis has modified and reinforced a culture of 'strategic contradictions ' within ZANU-PF . This dissertation is an analysis of Zimbabwe's 'political economy of crisis ' in the post 2000 period . It examines how the Zimbabwean ruling elite and those connected to the state have benefited from the unregulated forms of accumulation attending the Zimbabwean crisis . A broad combination of a contextual analysis of the crisis and its beneficiaries and a close case-study analysis of an 'informal ' (illegal ) gold-mining site in Totororo , rural Kwekwe's 'Empress ' are a in Central Zimbabwe are employed to try to distil accumulation patterns that have resulted from the present economic and political crisis .Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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D'Costa, Anthony P. "Capital accumulation, technology, and the state the political economy of steel industry restructuring /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22997656.html.
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Lee, Young Jo. "Legitimation, accumulation, and exclusionary authoritarianism political economy of rapid industrialization in South Korea and Brazil /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25639185.html.
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Sakhai, Hamid. "POST-SOVIET RUSSIA’S HISTORIC COMPROMISE, 1992-1998: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF RE-FEUDALIZATION DURING SOCIOECONOMIC COLLAPSE." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/35439.
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During the period of 1992-1998, Russia underwent a transition from a centralized economy to a market economy with devastating socioeconomic consequences, and industrial decline, which has resulted in demographic crises. The central argument driving this thesis is that during its transition to a market economy, through shock therapy from 1992-1998, Russia’s social and economic infrastructure went through a regression in the form of refeudalization, which is empirically revealed through health and demographic indicators. Remarkably, the effects of this socioeconomic regression was buffered from further devastation through a set of social compromises between workers, unions and industrial managers, which stabilized the brunt of shock therapy, but still resulted in the refeudalization of Russian society. The objective of this study is to construct a comprehensive model to conceptualize Russia’s socioeconomic regression during the period of transition from 1992-1998, and to explain the causes for the regression within the model.This thesis conceptualizes socioeconomic regression as a feature of political economy within a mode of production model, and applies the model to explain Russia's socioeconomic transition during the period from 1992 to 1998.
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Kim, In-yŏng. "The political economy of a Chaebŏl's capital accumulation in South Korea the case of Samsung, 1938-1987 /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44923959.html.
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Sochirca, Elena. "Economic development and income inequality: the role of political institutions and directed technological change in modern economies." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/775.
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The process of economic growth and its distributional e ects have major welfare consequences,
creating advanced and developing economies. Modern growth theory highlights the role of capital ac-
cumulation, human capital and technology in explaining cross-country economic and income variations.
Forefront research exploring these questions emphasizes the primary importance of the institutional
factor in determining technological progress and leading to di erent economic growth outcomes. This
thesis aims at bringing its feasible contribution to the on-going research on income inequality and eco-
nomic growth by considering the fundamental causes of structural, technological and political features
of economic organisation.
The rst part of the thesis investigates how institutions and policies, as important determinants of
economic incentives, may condition economic growth and income inequality. Based on a comprehensive
critical assessment of related literature, we rst develop a conceptual discussion on how institutional
quality may in uence the e ciency of redistribution policy speci cally associated with human capital
accumulation. We identify political rivalry as the main factor negatively a ecting the decisive role of
political institutions and consequently distorting e cient redistribution policy. Given these theoretical
insights, we next study the e ects of political rivalry on human capital accumulation and income
inequality in a framework of an endogenous growth model with elements of new political economy.
Our results suggest that while non-distortionary redistribution via public education equalizes income
levels and increases human capital accumulation, political rivalry produces negative outcomes in all
dimensions of considered economic interactions. The key conclusions of the theoretical model are then
tested in a cross-sectional empirical study. Our ndings clearly indicate that, for speci c groups of
countries with similar income and geographical location characteristics, political rivalry has indeed
a negative e ect on educational investments, individual learning choice, GDP per capita and income
inequality.
In the second part, the topics of economic growth and income inequality are investigated from
a di erent perspective, namely that of analysing recent changes in the composition of employment,
wage structure and aggregate production, which represent an important part of the process of mod-
ern economic development. More speci cally, we use a standard directed technological change model,
extended by complementarities between intermediate goods in production and internal costly invest-
ments, to examine the behaviour of economic growth rate, technological-knowledge bias, skill premium
and industrial structure. While our analysis suggests that equilibrium growth rate is directly a ected
by costly investments and complementarities, the latter also in uencing equilibrium technological-
knowledge bias and industrial structure, equilibrium skill premium is determined solely by workers'
productivities. This may imply that the persisting increase in wage inequality observed in several de-
veloped countries over the last decades may have been due to increases in productivity advantages of
skilled workers favoured by technological development. We then extend our analysis by quantitatively
associating empirical facts on the technology and skill structure to the degree of gross substitutabil-
ity/complementarity between technological goods. This estimation exercise also allows us to quantify
the long-run relationship between the Tobin-q and both the degree of complementarity between tech-
nology goods and the complexity e ect of horizontal R&D, through the impact of the last two factors
on the long-run economic growth rate. Our estimation and calibration exercise suggests the existence of
a moderate degree of gross complementarity between technological goods and of an elastic relationship
between the Tobin-q and key technology parameters.
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Veiguinha, Joaquim Jorge. "Trabalho produtivo e acumulação de capital: uma perspectiva sociopolítica." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/4362.
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Orientação: Fernando Alberto Pereira MarquesEsta investigação visa analisar a relação entre trabalho produtivo e acumulação de capital desde a época do mercantilismo. Parte da hipótese de que não é a forma material ou imaterial do produto do trabalho que determina se este é ou não produtivo, mas a função que ele desempenha no processo global de acumulação de capital. Concebemos o capital como uma relação de produção em que trabalhadores assalariados produzem uma mais-valia para os proprietários dos meios de produção que não se limitam a consumi-la improdutivamente, mas a reinvesti-la periodicamente no processo produtivo. Pretendemos demonstrar que com o desenvolvimento do capitalismo a esfera do trabalho produtivo se alarga para além do processo de produção material porque a ciência se transforma numa força produtiva e, por conseguinte, num instrumento de valorização do capital. Além do mais, a revolução cibernética converte uma parte crescente do trabalho intelectual em trabalho produtivo. No entanto, como a desigualdade na repartição de rendimentos não parou de aumentar desde os anos oitenta do século passado, estas transformações tecnológicas não contribuíram para a melhoria das condições de existência de todos mas apenas para o incremento do sobretrabalho que sustenta a acumulação de capital.
This research aims to analyze the relationship between productive labour and capital accumulation since the era of mercantilism. Starts from the hypothesis that material or immaterial forms of the labour product does not determine whether or not it is productive, but, instead, the role it plays in the overall process of capital accumulation. We define capital as a production relation in which wage workers produce a surplus value for the owners of the means production. These do not merely absorb it unproductively, but periodically reinvest this surplus in the productive process. We intend to demonstrate that, in capitalism development, with science becoming a productive force and, therefore, an instrument for capital’s rising value, the realm of productive labour extends beyond the process of material production. Moreover, the cyber-revolution converts an increasing share of intellectual activity into productive labour However, as the inequality in income distribution has not stopped has been increasing since the eighties of last century, we can infer that these technologic changes did not contribute to the improvement of living conditions but only for the rise of the surplus labour that sustains capital’s accumulation.
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Čapek, Jakub. "Starostenský bonus v kontextu obecních a krajských voleb." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448104.
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This diploma thesis is a case study focused on the concept of the voting bonus for mayors, which it further expands. Voting bonus for mayors shows whether mayors have an advantage against their opponents and if so, how great this advantage is. It uses a dataset of mayors from all cities in the Czech Republic, whose population exceeds 10 000. These mayors were first elected to the office between years 2002 and 2014. The thesis itself examines the very concept of the voting bonus for mayors from several different angles. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the voting bonus in the municipal elections. It builds on previous research and addresses not only the advantage for mayors in their second elections but in all of the following elections. It also examines the bonus that mayors bring to their political parties. In addition, it shows the difference between the basic voting bonus for mayors and its advanced concept which counts with voter turnout. The second part focuses on the voting bonus for mayors in regional elections. It distinguishes between two things. First are the election results in the mayor's city and second are the results in the entire region. A significant part of the work is a comparison of those two results which shows the role of mayors in the regional elections. The thesis...