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Ludwig, Carlos Roberto. "Tensões políticas e psicológicas em 'MacBeth' e no drama de Shakespeare." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15321.
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A proposta de dissertação de mestrado, intitulada Tensões Políticas e Psicológicas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, é fazer uma leitura crítica à luz dos aspectos históricos e dos problemas psicológicos apresentados na obra de Shakespeare (1564-1616). Serão analisados os problemas políticos, históricos e psicológicos em Macbeth e no drama shakespeariano, pois, percebe-se uma intrínseca relação entre as tensões políticas e históricas e a consciência na obra de Shakespeare, nem sempre elucidada pela crítica contemporânea. Assim, notam-se dois elementos opostos, que geram tais conflitos: de um lado, o Estado monárquico, cuja necessidade é manter uma ordem harmônica e estável, que, para isso, cria mecanismos punitivos que regem e determinam a conduta do indivíduo, como por exemplo as idéias de ordem, de justiça retributiva, pregadas nas homilias, e da mística dos dois corpos do rei; de outro, o indivíduo, por exemplo Macbeth, cujo desejo entra em conflito com o Estado e sua necessidade de ordem, a fim de tentar sobrepô-los para satisfazer sua vontade. Como se observa, a oposição dos problemas históricos se revelam não só no plano político, mas Shakespeare também cria artifícios estéticos que ampliam as tensões políticas no plano psicológico. Assim, elementos históricos como o tiranicídio e a monarcomaquia vão figurar como elementos propulsores das tensões psicológicas. Essa dissertação está organizada em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, intitulado Tensões Políticas e Históricas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, apresenta problemas históricas amplamente discutidos na era elisabetana e jacobina como a tirania, a monarcomaquia, a violação da soberania, as idéias de ordem e a teoria os dois corpos do rei. No segundo capítulo, Consciência no Drama de Shakespeare e na era Elisabetana e Jacobina, pretende-se mostrar como tais problemas históricos desencadeiam tensões psicológicos em algumas peças de Shakespeare, em particular em Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III e Hamlet. No terceiro capítulo, Tensões Psicológicas em Macbeth: a Consciência e a Ambição, apresenta-se uma análise da consciência e da ambição em Macbeth, como uma reação a esses embates entre o estado, seus mecanismos superegóicos e o indivíduo.<br>This master thesis, entitled Political and Psychological Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, aims to analise Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) masterpiece in terms of historical aspects and psychological issues. I propose to analise political, historical and psychological problems in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, for we can perceive an intrinsic connection between these political and historical tensions, and conscience in Shakespearean work, which is not always explained by some contemporary critics. At this point, there are two opposing elements, which create such conflicts: on the one hand, there is the monarchal State, whose necessity is to keep the harmonious and stable order, which hence forge punitive tools in order to control and determine the individual behaviour, such as the order ideas, retributive justice, and the theory of the King’s two bodies, which were preached in the homilies; on the other hand, there is the individual, for instance Macbeth, whose desire comes into conflict with the monarchal State and its necessity of order, for satisfying his will. That opposition of the historical problems appears not only in the political realm, but Shakespeare creates aesthetic devices as well, which spread out the political tension into the psychological level. Thus, historical issues as tyrannicide and monarchomachy will reappear as propulsioning elements to the psychological tensions. This thesis is organised in three chapters. The first one, entitled Political and Historical Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, presents some historical issues widely discussed in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, such as tyrany, monarchomachy, the violation of sovereignty, the order ideas and the theory of the king’s two bodies. In the second chapter, Conscience in the Shakespearean Drama and in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, it is presented how these historical problems unchain psychological tensions in some of the Shakespeare’s plays, especially in Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III and Hamlet. In the third one, Psychological Tensions in Macbeth: Conscience and Ambition, it is provided an analysis of conscience and ambition in Macbeth, as a result of a reaction against these collisions between the monarchal State, its superegoic mecanicisms and the individual.
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Beesley, Kristen. "Conceptualizing the Tensions| Stories of Democracy from Flagstaff." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620052.
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<p> Democracy in the United States is in crisis. With trust in elected officials low, corporate interest high, and faith in democratic mechanisms in question, my research turns to how local community organizers of different political ideologies navigate and maintain faith in democratic practice. Gaining insights into democratic practice is critical in order to aid in the cultivation and maintenance of just and sustainable communities through collective power. To that end, my thesis investigates how organizers perceive democracy and work with it at both structural and ideal levels. My research also investigates if organizers consider there to be a tension between the two and how their democratic practices are impacted by this. It is an exploration into the transformative capabilities of democracy and the maintenance in faith in democratic practice within the world as it stands versus the world as it can be. To that end, my research investigates these four questions: <i>1) How do community organizers from different backgrounds conceptualize democracy? 2) What are the stories that they tell about democracy? 3) Do they experience a tension within democratic practice? If so, what stories do they tell that help them make sense of these tensions? 4) Do they describe a tension between structural and ideal democracy? If so, what stories do they tell about this tension? </i></p><p> The format is a narrative study of democracy and explores the varying conceptualizations organizers hold of it. The information was gathered through one-on-one semi-structured in-depth interviews with seven participants, aiming to gain understanding, insight and inspiration from life stories and a dedication to organizing practices. My goal is to provide varying accounts of ways in which to perceive democracy, negotiating the variety of tensions we, the organizers, activists, educators, and healers, face within our daily organizing practices, and the furthering of future democratic efforts through differing means and commitments.</p><p>
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Wennerlind, Carl C. "The historical specificity of scarcity : historical and political investigations /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Meunier, Mélanie. "Tensions in American environmentalism : federal and non-federal initiatives from a historical perspective." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC021.
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L'environnementalisme américain est un mouvement dont la première vague surgit à la fin du 19e siècle face à l'exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles. Théodore Roosevelt a mis en place des mesures pour assurer la gestion avisée de la nature au bénéfice des générations présentes et futures. A côté de la conservation du gouvernement, un autre courant appelé préservation mit l'accent sur les valeurs esthétiques et spirituelles de la nature. Les deux conceptions de la relation de l'homme à la nature suscitèrent des conflits à propos de la façon dont on devait utiliser et protéger le patrimoine naturel. Le fort développement économique après 1945 puisa dans les ressources et généra de la pollution ainsi que des dangers posés par les industries atomiques et chimiques. "Printemps Silencieux" de Rachel Carson, paru en 1962, démontra que ces risques pesaient sur l'humanité elle-même et lança le mouvement environnemental moderne. Désormais, l'aspect éthique de la protection environnementale rivalise avec l'intérêt économique. Le succès du mouvement, canonisé par une série de lois environnementales, en fit la cible du contre-mouvement conservateur qui se développe depuis les années 1980. Les valeurs écologiques représentent une menace au credo américain, ainsi créant des tensions qui caractérisent le débat depuis le début du mouvement aux États-Unis<br>American environmentalism is a movement that grew out of concerns over wilderness and wildlife depletion evident in the late 19th century. Theodore Roosevelt initiated conservation measures designed to manage natural resources wisely to ensure their sustainability for the benefit of present and future generations. Preservation, another current of American ideas that stressed the esthetic and spiritual values of nature, existed concurrently. The two visions of humans' relationship to nature gave rise to conflicts over how the nation's natural resources should be used. By the 1960s rapid development had led to heightened resource use and pollution, as well as new threats posed by the chemical and atomic industries. Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" published in 1962, demonstrated that humans themselves were in peril and launched the modern environmental movement. The ethical dimension of preserving nature and human health came to rival economic concerns. The success of the movement, canonized in a series of major environmental protection laws, made it the target of the conservative countermovement from the 1980s onward. Ecological values threaten the dominant values of the American creed, causing tensions that have characterized the debate since the advent of environmental protection in the United States
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Teebken, Tim Lee. "Discourse analysis a solution to the tensions between historical and literary criticism of Hebrew narrative /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Duncan, Peter John Stuart. "Russian messianism : a historical and political analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6873/.
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This is an analysis of the nature and political significance of Russian messianism: the idea that the Russian people or the Russian State is the `chosen people' or the `chosen instrument'. I outline the genesis of the theory of Moscow, the Third Rome and discuss the ideas and activities of the nineteenth-century Slavophils, the pan-Slavists, Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov. I examine the influence of messianism on Russian Communism, considering Berdiaev's views. The main part of the work investigates the rebirth of interest in Russian messianism in the Brezhnev period. I try to investigate the links between this cultural movement and the Russian nationalist elements within the political éite. My main sources for this are samizdat journals and articles, in particular the journal Veche, cultural journals such as Novyi mir, Molodaia gvardiia and Nash sovremennik, Party documents and éigré/ journals. I find that Russian messianism has been especially important at times when the country is in crisis: Russia is in Golgotha, but where there is suffering there is also redemption, not only for Russia but for humanity. It has by no means been always dominant in intellectual thought. It has had little influence (under either tsars or Communists) on the fields of nationality policy, policy towards religion or foreign policy. Today, as in the nineteenth century, its adherents can be opponents or supporters of the existing State structure. The growth of non-Russian nationalism under Gorbachov, combined with glasnost', has fuelled Russian nationalism. This is unlikely to be co-opted into the official ideology, because it would increase the dissatisfaction of the non-Russians.
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Rafizadeh, Majid. "The Syrian Civil War: Four Concentric Forces of Tensions." Scholar Commons, 2014. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5812.
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The ongoing Syrian conflict has been subject to considerable amount of political polemics. Nevertheless, little scholarly work has been conducted in order to comprehend the complexities as well as underlying reasons behind the intensity, scope, and duration of the conflict in Syria. Through qualitative methodology, this research examines the character of the Syrian conflict, by conducting an in-depth and nuanced case study of the Syrian civil war. While some theories of intrastate conflict and civil wars, concentrate on the domestic character of internal conflicts within states, transnational theories focus on external factors in examining intrastate conflicts. Both theoretical framework fail to take into account the broader picture of intrastate conflict and civil war. This study makes a contribution to the intrastate and civil war theories by introducing an expanded model for analyzing intrastate conflicts and civil wars. With respect to the Syrian conflict, utilizing this approach is instrumental in order to more efficiently and thoroughly comprehend the character of the Syrian conflict. Secondly, this study determines that states, which are multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-cultural, and geostrategically and geopolitically significant, tend to have protracted civil war and intrastate conflict. This research concludes that the unrecognized character of the Syrian conflict is unique due to the notion that it is operating, and being influenced, by four concentric forces of tensions, which are occurring simultaneously. In addition, it is critical to understand the interactions, contradictions, and excesses created by these four concentric circles of tensions. These interactions, contradictions and excesses shape the nature, scope, intensity, violence, death toll, and duration of the conflict and civil war in Syria.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Dialectical Tensions, Relationship Dissolution, and Writing the New Ethnography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/787.
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Thompson, Benjamin. "Reparations for historical social injustice." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=87022.
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This thesis concerns the justifiability of claims for reparations for historical injustice as claims based on reparative justice. The first component of the thesis aims to bring clarity to this broad topic by, firstly, describing five necessary conditions for a claim to be compelling as a claim of reparative justice and by, secondly, noting some important difficulties that claims for reparations for historical injustice tend to face in meeting these five conditions. The second component concerns the specific case of reparations to African-Americans for slavery and other past legal injustices. The thesis argues that a case for reparations based on reparative justice can meet the five relevant necessary conditions. An important aspect of this argument is the emphasis that it places on how past legal injustice put in place unjust social processes which have perpetuated to the present-day leading to contemporary African-Americans being wronged and harmed.<br>La présente thèse concerne le degré de justification des demandes de réparations ayant trait à des injustices historiques comme des demandes basées sur la justice réparatrice. La première partie de cette thèse vise à clarifier le sujet général en commençant par décrire cinq conditions nécessaires à une demande afin d'être crédible en tant que demande de justice réparatrice et, ensuite, en s'attardant sur quelques difficultés importantes rencontrées que les demandes de réparation pour des injustices historiques tendent à rencontrer au moment de se conformer aux dites cinq conditions. La seconde partie concerne spécifiquement le cas des réparations attribuées aux Africains-Américains en compensation de l'esclavage et autres injustices légales du passé. La présente thèse soutien qu'un cas de réparations basé sur la justice réparatrice peut rencontrer adéquatement les cinq critères susmentionnés. Un aspect important de cet argument reste dans l'emphase mise sur comment les injustices du passé ont contribué à mettre en place des procédés sociaux injustes qui ayant étés perpétués jusqu'à ce jour, menant à une situation dans laquelle certains Africains-Américains contemporains se sont vus être heurtés.
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Gurol, Julia [Verfasser], and Diana [Akademischer Betreuer] Panke. "Against all odds? EU-China security cooperation in the context of political tensions." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227187300/34.
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Kim, Yoon Bae. "Towards Korean reunification : historical background and political realities." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262438.
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Luper, Edward Isaac. "Muddy waters : political tensions and indentity in the writings of Xu Wei (1521-1593)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ced870-5835-4b7a-b4b7-ac61def1a116.
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The late Ming artist and poet Xu Wei (1521-1593) is most well known for his self-representation as a cultured "mountain hermit" and "eccentric", pursuing the literary ideals of originality, simple language and direct emotional expression. His wild ink-brush paintings, mental instability, numerous suicide attempts and the murder of his third wife all helped to consolidate Xu's image as China's Van Gogh. However, later hagiographies of Xu as the "patron saint of eccentrics" have led to a one dimensional view of Xu. This thesis presents Xu as someone who explored and wrestled with different and sometimes contradictory self-representations against a thorny political and social backdrop. It moves away from Xu's "eccentric" persona, instead examining his writings within the political context of the 16th century. Against the backdrop of Mongol and pirate invasions, Xu's close friend Shen Lian was executed by the Chief Grand Secretary Yan Song and his clique. Yet only a month after his friend's execution, Xu switched sides and worked as a ghost-writer for Hu Zongxian, a protégé of Yan Song. Yet with the fall of Yan Song in 1562 and the arrest of Hu Zongxian, this became an embarrassment for Xu. Fearing that he would be implicated with the Yan Song clique, Xu distanced himself from his flattering ghost-written poems. Overwhelmed by feelings of guilt, he explored the complexities of loyalty and identity in his poetry. Xu's career is representative of many Ming scholars who were frustrated by examination failure and the inability to find an official post. His literary ideals contradicted with lived reality. Xu is unique among Ming literati in voicing these contradictions.
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Twohey, Michael Edward. "New authoritarianism and Chinese political debate : a historical analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627070.
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Hughes, A. "The Council of Ireland: a political and historical analysis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484951.
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In writing this thesis my aim has been to provide answers toa series of neglected and important questions about the Council of Ireland. I wanted to discover what political circumstances gave rise to the idea of the Council and what connection it had with wider British/Irish politics. I analysed what the Council was meant to achieve and if the concept and objective of the Council altered over time. In particular I examined how far the Council was used as a vehicle for Irish unity, what role it played in fostering better north/south relations and if it was used as a mechanism for crisis management in wider fields. I also wanted to ascertain how the Council was perceived by the different political groupings who supported the Council and who opposed its existence, and if this support and opposition altered, and why. The attitudes of the British and Irish governments to the Council were analysed to discover what they were, if they altered and, in addition, if their attitudes to each other altered as a result of being involved in the work of the Council. I examined the strengths and weaknesses the Council had over its lifetime and which elements of the Council and political society were constant and which changed, and why.
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Beger, Nico J. "Que(e)rying political practices in Europe tensions in the struggle for sexual minority rights /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60478.
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Botelho, Antonio José J. "Professional against the state : French electronics policy in historical perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100659.
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Arbo, Matthew Bryant. "Antinomies of a commercial age : Adam Ferguson on the moral and political tensions of early-capitalism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6437.
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This dissertation seeks to clarify the moral and political shape of economic exchange with an intellectual history of capitalism at its eighteenth-century inception. It seeks to avoid the familiar polarities of Marxist and capitalist economic ideologies by framing the ethical questions of economic exchange in historical terms: Why does the modern economic order seem to create moral contradictions and undermine political institutions? In response to this question, the thesis recovers the contributions of the Scottish historian and moral philosopher, Adam Ferguson (1723- 1816). Because modern economy had not yet taken on its modern abstraction and was still a thinkable reality, Ferguson’s treatment on history, action, and political institutions provide a fertile starting point for envisaging a distinctly moral configuration of the economic sphere. He prepares ground for a critical assessment of the political and economic relationship by criticizing the ideal of progress and emphasizing the need for dignified human exertion. His claim is that the liberalized marketplace undermines political institutions—especially law—to the extent that is leaves a people enslaved both to their own dependencies, as well as to other nations for whom commercial luxury is not a vice. My argument carries Ferguson’s claim forward by asserting that the Market itself now tyrannizes and enslaves in much the way Ferguson imagined a military despot would tyrannize unprepared societies of the eighteenth-century. Eighteenth-century theology is, in many respects, a period of relative theological austerity; so it is therefore unsurprising that a morally confused political instrument (capitalism) would emerge in an age largely devoid of theological imagination or conscience. Jesus Christ is no longer the origin, end, or meaning of history; co-creation is no longer the principal object of human action or labour; and the means of Christ’s rule through the political order are rejected in favour of luxuries and conveniences of modern commerce. The marketplace now embodies all the fears eighteenth-century theorists reserved for despots, tyrannizing western societies and threatening the resolve of already fractured political institutions.
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Meng, Qingping. "The Impact of Political Tensions on Trade Flows : A Case Study of China and Its Neighbors." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39990.
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Nonaka, Takako. "Academic feminist debates in Japan : social, political and historical contexts." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15424/.
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After Japan opened up to the world in the middle of the nineteenth century, the Meiji regime began to push for modernisation by importing technology from the West. Japan subsequently became the first non-Western developed country. Feminism in Japan developed under the influence of feminist ideas from the West, but also in response to local political and social conditions. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of feminism in Japan and to locate diverse feminist perspectives in their social, political and historical contexts. I interviewed twelve famous feminist researchers in Japan in order to identify how they perceived and evaluated Japanese feminisms as well as the impacts of Western feminist perspectives and the differences between the two. I also sought their views on the politics of nuclear power relating to the accident at Fukushima nuclear power station in March 2011. The particular characteristics of feminism in Japan that emerged were: Confucianism in East Asia; the ie (family) system; religious discrimination against women; ethnocentrism and heterosexism; and the bosei (motherhood) ideology. On the question of whether feminism in Japan is imported from the West, participants’ opinions were divided, depending mainly on their age. The differences between feminisms in Japan and in the West that stood out in my data were: the low interest of Japanese feminisms in reproductive health and rights; collectivism versus individualism; and attitudes towards imperialism. In relation to nuclear issues, participants discussed Japan’s self-image as a victim nation, the gendering of atomic issues, power symbolism, the weakness of eco-feminism and Japanese reluctance to accept responsibility. Throughout, the impact of Confucianism, the Emperor system, the ie system, bosei, Shintoism, Buddhism and the only atomic-bombed nation emerged as significant factors, clearly indicating that aspects of East Asian cultures and, more specifically, Japan’s history, politics and culture have influenced feminism. All these issues have a supportive connection with patriarchy and, what is more, they coil themselves around the Emperor issue. This indicates that feminism has engaged in a tough struggle against patriarchy, which is deeply ingrained in Japanese society.
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Klarman, M. J. "The Osborne Judgement : a legal/historical analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232983.
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Tope, Daniel B. "The politics of union decline an historical analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185824363.
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Taylor, Brian Dean 1964. "The Russian military in politics : civilian supremacy in comparative and historical perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10034.
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Snyder, David. "The war on terror tensions in the social contract post-September 11 /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/733.
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Zakaria, Rusydy. "Overview of Indonesian Islamic Education: A Social, Historical and Political Perspective." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2410.
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The aim of this study is to examine how the historical genealogy of Islamic educational tradition, particularly the tradition of teaching and learning, has contributed to the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. By drawing together in an analytic way a historically based description of the social and political circumstances surrounding Indonesian Islamic education, the study discusses some significant issues concerning the religious base, knowledge base, structural form, and the pedagogical approach of Indonesian Islamic education, all of which are important to the development of a modern form of Islamic education. The argument of the thesis is that the existing values of the Islamic tradition in education, particularly evident in Madrasah schools, provide a valuable basis for further developing and reconstructing an effective Islamic education system in Indonesia. However, there is also a strong need to construct an Islamic education curriculum in Indonesia that can meet the challenge posed by the circumstances generally understood as 'modernity'. The quality of teaching and learning in the Madrasah are very much influenced by the quality of the wider Islamic education programme. Any change in the curriculum of Islamic education will thus have significant effects on the quality of the Madrasah schools in Indonesia. This thesis will thus conclude by suggesting some implications for further development of Islamic education that arise from the study. This is a qualitative study using an historical genealogical approach to discover, understand and analyze the challenges currently facing Islamic education In Indonesia. The techniques for collecting data involved, primarily, a critical reading of historical and contemporary policy documents. Primary and secondary sources were also collected, studied and subjected to a critical reading in the production of this account of Indonesian Islamic education.
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Cox, George Stanley. "Standards for school leaders considering historical, political, and national organizational influences /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/COX_G_58.pdf.
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Mousavi, Sayed Askar. "The Hazaras of Afghanistan : an historical, cultural, economic and political study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317761.
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Nemani, Frederick. "The historical origins of the formation of Iran's contemporary political economy." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323904.
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Britnell, Matthew James. "The historical and the political in the writings of Michael Oakeshott." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367147.
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Kitamura, Shuhei. "Land, Power and Technology : Essays on Political Economy and Historical Development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131258.
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Land Ownership and Development: Evidence from Postwar Japan This paper analyzes the effect of land ownership on technology adoption and structural transformation. A large-scale land reform in postwar Japan enforced a large number of tenant farmers who were cultivating land to become owners of this land. I find that the municipalities which had many owner farmers after the land reform tended to experience a quick entry of new agricultural machines which became available after the reform. The adoption of the machines reduced the dependence on family labor, and led to a reallocation of labor from agriculture to industries and service sectors in urban centers when these sectors were growing. I also analyze the aggregate impact of labor reallocation on economic growth by using a simple growth model and micro data. I find that it increased GDP by about 12 percent of the GDP in 1974 during 1955-74. I also find a large and positive effect on agricultural productivity. Loyalty and Treason: Theory and Evidence from Japan's Land Reform A historically large-scale land reform in Japan after World War II enforced by the occupation forces redistributed a large area of farmlands to tenant farmers. The reform demolished hierarchical structures by weakening landlords' power in villages and towns. This paper investigates how the change in the social and economic structure of small communities affects electoral outcomes in the presence of clientelism. I find that there was a considerable decrease in the vote share of conservative parties in highly affected areas after the reform. I find the supporting evidence that the effect was driven by the fact that the tenant farmers who had obtained land exited from the long-term tenancy contract and became independent landowners. The effect was relatively persistent. Finally, I also find the surprising result that there was a decrease, rather than an increase, in turnout in these areas after the reform. Geography and State Fragmentation We examine how geography affects the location of borders between sovereign states in Europe and surrounding areas from 1500 until today at the grid-cell level. This is motivated by an observation that the richest places in this region also have the highest historical border presence, suggesting a hitherto unexplored link between geography and modern development, working through state fragmentation. The raw correlations show that borders tend to be located on mountains, by rivers, closer to coasts, and in areas suitable for rainfed, but not irrigated, agriculture. Many of these patterns also hold with rigorous spatial controls. For example, cells with more rivers and more rugged terrain than their neighboring cells have higher border densities. However, the fragmenting effects of suitability for rainfed agriculture are reversed with such neighbor controls. Moreover, we find that borders are less likely to survive over time when they separate large states from small, but this size-difference effect is mitigated by, e.g., rugged terrain.
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Rangwala, Glen. "Historical justification and the portrayal of Palestinian political identity, 1967-1977." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620329.
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Jayne, Y. "A study of John Clare in his historical and political context." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2006. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/252/.
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As the title indicates, the basis of the thesis is to set John Clare’s life and work within the context of the social and political history of his time. It is a study that is long overdue. The manner in which topical and political matters were mediated to him and were reflected in his work are analysed. His introduction to the literary and social worlds of Stamford and London is evaluated, and the advantages and disadvantages of patronage assessed. The active and complex political culture of Stamford has been taken into account as this may have affected his later political statements and a growing awareness of his audience. His antagonism to enclosure and the social changes that it engendered are considered. Three major questions that arise from this are addressed. The two local newspapers that Clare is known to have read are used throughout. His correspondence with friends, colleagues and casual correspondents has provided valuable insights as have his poetry and prose writings. Research in the Northamptonshire Record Office has revealed important new information in the form of one book of Enclosure Commissioners’ Minutes dated 1809-14, the first five years of the enclosure of Helpstone, Clare’s native village.
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McDonald, James Andrew. "Trying to make a life : the historical political economy of Kitsumkalum." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25829.
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Anthropological inquiries into the human condition have long been tempered with a concern for the difficulties experienced by non-Western societies faced with prolonged contact with the expanding Western social systems. In economic anthropology, studies of contemporary tribal and peasant societies have turned to the literature on development and underdevelopment to explain the features and processes that are associated with that contact. This dissertation is the result of such research into the social and economic problems on the Northwest Coast.
The work examines the history and ethhography of the Tsimshian Indians to determine the underlying social forces that led to and still maintain the underdevelopment of the social and economic potential of Tsimshian groups. Particular attention is given to the form and dynamics of the Tsimshian economy, of the regional expression of the expanding world market economy, and the relations between the two. The dissertation thus explores the socioeconomic aspects of the interlock between Indian development and the evolving development of capital.
The Tsimshian village of Kitsumkalum was the focus of the inquiry. Using its history, I document how the changes which brought about an economic reversal for the native people were at the same time favourable to the establishment and growth of industrial capital in the region.
Two sets of factors are critical for understanding.this shift:
(1) new forms of property which, through government intervention, transferred ownership and control of the factors of production to the industrialists, and in the process redefined the resources, technology and labour in terms consistent with the development of capital;
(2) the diversion of Tsimshian resources, technology and labour out of traditional production into the modern economy, where they were transformed and ultimately became dependent on the vagaries of a global market in which the Tsimshians had little or no control.
The specific information in the dissertation explains how these processes occurred, how the independence of the old political economy was undermined, how an ostensibly "peaceful penetration" of the area occurred as a result, and how the Tsimshian responded by alternately accommodating and resisting the situation.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Anthropology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Weatherley, Robert Douglas. "The discourse of human rights in China : historical and ideological perspectives." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361875.
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Iniesta-Arandia, Irene, Federica Ravera, Stephanie Buechler, et al. "A synthesis of convergent reflections, tensions and silences in linking gender and global environmental change research." SPRINGER, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622830.
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This synthesis article joins the authors of the special issue "Gender perspectives in resilience, vulnerability and adaptation to global environmental change" in a common reflective dialogue about the main contributions of their papers. In sum, here we reflect on links between gender and feminist approaches to research in adaptation and resilience in global environmental change (GEC). The main theoretical contributions of this special issue are threefold: emphasizing the relevance of power relations in feminist political ecology, bringing the livelihood and intersectionality approaches into GEC, and linking resilience theories and critical feminist research. Empirical insights on key debates in GEC studies are also highlighted from the nine cases analysed, from Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Further, the special issue also contributes to broaden the gender approach in adaptation to GEC by incorporating research sites in the Global North alongside sites from the Global South. This paper examines and compares the main approaches adopted (e.g. qualitative or mixed methods) and the methodological challenges that derive from intersectional perspectives. Finally, key messages for policy agendas and further research are drawn from the common reflection.
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ButleRitchie, David T. "Shifting foundations and historical contingencies : a critique of modern constitutionalism /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147815.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves - ). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kaufman, Daniel A. "The Right in Chile after Pinochet : institutions and ideology in comparative-historical perspective /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3031942.
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Langley, Paul. "World financial orders and world financial centres : an historical international political economy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/698.
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Attempts to comprehend contemporary world finance are confronted by a dual problematic: inquiry encounters not only significant change that cannot easily be captured, but also the predominance of neo-classical economics as a mode of knowledge. By taking as its starting point existing research in the field of International Political Economy (IPE) and grounding inquiry in an 'Historical IPE' approach, 'World Financial Orders and World Financial Centres' offers an alternative mode of knowledge of contemporary world finance. An Historical IPE of world finance proceeds by focusing upon the changing organisation of world credit practices since the seventeenth century. World credit practices are organised in the context of the structures of power in successive social orders, that is, world financial orders. Relative stability in world financial orders is reproduced by structures of authority which articulate interdependent relationships between state, civil and market institutions in the organisation of world credit practices. World financial centres (WFCs) are identified as necessary to an understanding of world finance in two main senses. First, WFCs are the key social spaces for world finance, where world credit practices and the material, ideational and institutional forces that frame them become centralised. Second, WFCs are key spaces of authority in world finance, the social loci for the reproduction of world financial orders. It is shown that periods of relative stability in successive world financial orders tend to coincide with the dominance of a single WFC. With the present standing of New York, London and Tokyo as a 'triad' of WFCs, contemporary world finance is characterised by its 'unstable reproduction'.
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Shimokawa, Kiyoshi. "Property and justice : a critical and historical study of Locke's liberalism." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30639/.
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This dissertation attempts to provide a scholarly interpretation of Locke's political theory, the interpretation which reveals him as a classical liberal who defended property and justice. The major task of this dissertation is to elaborate this interpretation, and defend it against all major alternative interpretations. This task is performed in the Introduction, Chapter 1, and Chapter 2. The interpretation I offer is based on Locke's texts, and the writings of his 17th-century predecessors and 18th-century successors. Appendix 1 criticizes Peter Laslett' s "historical" approach to the Two Treatises. Appendix 2 criticizes a "philosophical" approach to Locke's political theory. I shall reject those approaches, and show the overall soundness of my approach to Locke's political theory. A subsidiary task of this dissertation is to criticize Locke's liberal political theory. Chapter 3 criticizes the concept of property which he uses in his political theory, by offering a detailed analysis. Chapter 4 criticizes his political theory by showing how it disintegrates with the erosion of its basis, i. e., a myth of appropriation. However, the present study is not intended to offer a full-scale critique of Locke's theory. It merely shows how his theory can be criticized on the basis of the interpretation provided in this dissertation. The major purpose of the present work is to understand Locke rather than criticize him. A systematic critique of his liberalism would have to take into account the whole classical-liberal tradition which developed after Locke. Such a task goes far beyond the scope of this dissertation.
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Ridsdale, Frank Edward. "Santería and the historical construction of political and social relations in Cuba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30822.pdf.
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Reilly, Eileen. "Fictional histories : an examination of Irish historical and political novels 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243227.
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Noh, Abdillah. "Small steps, large outcome : a historical institutional analysis of Malaysia's political economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f3bb17-bb49-43bc-baa6-7620730159f1.
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The research attempts to explain the character of Malaysia’s political economy. By adopting a historical institutional analysis it explains that British colonial administration persistently made rational choices within a short-term horizon that encouraged the growth of two autonomous groups – Malays and Chinese - whose political, economic and social organisation, at the point of Malaya’s independence in 1957, had made it inevitable for them to embark on some form of consociational arrangement. British policies engendered two processes; first, a less-than-full incorporation of Chinese as new actors in Malaya’s political economy and second, a less-than-full retrenchment of Malay political dominance by preserving Malay de jure power. In sum, British decision to preserve Malay de jure power while at the same time incorporate Chinese economic and political presence created two communities with mutually exclusive institutions that increasingly competed for access to political and economic resources. The self-reinforcing nature of these exclusive institutions and the flux that came with the demands for Malaya’s independence made it necessary for these two communities to attempt various institutional options that could best reconcile exclusive institutions and negotiate competing political and economic demands. Three institutional options were tried: consociationalism, integration and partition. The research will explain that among the three, the path-dependent nature of Malaya’s political economy had necessitated a particular institutional logic, the consociational logic. Integration failed because attempts to establish common institutions and do away completely with longstanding mutually exclusive ones proved over-ambitious. Partition also did not materialise as it proved politically and financially costly. In sum, the research highlights Malaysia’s consociationalism as a product of small incremental policy steps which proved to be no less transformational in the long run that gives Malaysia’s political economy a quite different character than it had had at the start of British official rule in 1874.
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Kay, Simon Michael Gorniak. "Literary, political and historical approaches to Virgil's Aeneid in early modern France." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13837.
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This thesis examines the increasing sophistication of sixteenth-century French literary engagement with Virgil's Aeneid. It argues that successive forms of engagement with the Aeneid should be viewed as a single process that gradually adopts increasingly complex literary strategies. It does this through a series of four different forms of literary engagement with the Aeneid: translation, continuation, rejection and reconciliation. The increasing sophistication of these forms reflects the writers' desire to interact with the original Aeneid as political epic and Roman foundation narrative, and with the political, religious and literary contexts of early modern France. The first chapter compares the methods of and motivations behind all of the sixteenth-century translations of the Aeneid into French; it thus demonstrates shifts in successive translators' interpretations of Virgil's work, and of its application to sixteenth-century France. The next three chapters each analyse adaptation of Virgil's poem in a major French literary work. Firstly, Ronsard's Franciade is analysed as an example of French foundation epic that simultaneously draws upon and rejects Virgil's narrative. Ronsard's poem is read in the light of Mapheo Vegio's “Thirteenth Book” of the Aeneid, or Supplementum, which continues Virgil's narrative and carries it over into a Christian context. Next, Agrippa d'Aubigné's response to Virgilian epic in Les Tragiques is shown to have been mediated by Lucan's Pharsalia and its anti- epic and anti-imperialist interpretation of the Aeneid. D'Aubigné's inversion of Virgil is highlighted through comparison of attitudes to death and resurrection in Les Tragiques, the Aeneid and Vegio's Antoniad. Finally, Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas' combination, in La Sepmaine and La Seconde Sepmaine of the hexameral structure of Genesis with Virgil's narrative of reconciliation after civil war is shown to represent the most sophisticated understanding of and most complex interaction with the Aeneid in sixteenth-century France.
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Al-Zumai, Ali Fahed. "The intellectual and historical development of the Islamic movement in Kuwait 1950 - 1981." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335216.
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Barklis, Robin. "Together in Time: Historical Injustice, Collective Memory, and the Boundaries of Membership." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20453.
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How, if at all, should we remember the histories of injustice and atrocity that haunt most modern states? Since World War II, it has become commonplace to suggest that properly responding to injustices requires societies to remember them, and to remember the experiences of those they touched. But what specific value might memory in this sense constitute in or contribute to the lives and societies of those coping with troubled history?
This question raises two issues. The first is ontological: what does it mean to say that a society should remember in the first place? Is it to say that the individuals who make up society should each privately remember, or is to say that the society as a whole should somehow create or maintain a collective memory that is not reducible to the sum of individual cognitive processes? The second issue is normative: what exactly can memory so conceived do to ameliorate the undesirable legacies that historical injustices leaves on the world? How might remembering help us to move forward, or help us to lessen the pains we can’t leave behind?
This study takes on both of these issues. On the first, I suggest that when we speak of societies remembering, we’re speaking of irreducibly social processes, by which individual memories are translated into publicly available traces of the past, which can then inform recollection by others, perhaps at some distance from the original event. On the second, I suggest that this sort of remembering can be valuable in the wake of injustice as a way of combating the legacies of persistent harm and exclusion that sometimes follow victims long after an injustice is over, and challenge their abilities to stand, participate, and identify as full members of the political community. Memory in this sense is crucial for re-negotiating the boundaries of membership, and for rebuilding a more inclusive public world.
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Jewett, Andrea. "Deliberative Duties of Modern Citizens Based on a Historical Examination of Democratic Self-Governance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1653.
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I examine the current state of democracy in the United States and how it has evolved from its original, direct form. Present-day problems with democracy emerge in part because of a failure to exercise our autonomy, which is the very basis of our self-governance. To consistently improve the ways in which we organize ourselves in society, I suggest a civil duty to become informed about political issues and engage with others from different backgrounds. Because we exercise reason in order to determine governance, thoughtful deliberation provides opportunities to include more diverse opinions and ideas in political decision-making. I outline an ideal deliberative democracy that would better serve the interests of the constituents given the uniqueness of today’s challenges. To explore the value of deliberation, I examine Immanuel Kant’s text “What is Enlightenment?” and Michel Foucault’s text in response to Kant. I argue that if deliberation is carried out with intention, citizens in a democracy can help strengthen the system by fulfilling duties of civility. Foucault’s historicocritical examination of ourselves reinstates our autonomy and allows an emergence from a state of immaturity. Recognition of our condition in the present day is, I will argue, an achievement of progress towards a dynamic conception of personal and collective enlightenment.
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Asake, Musa Nchock. "An evaluation of the historical development of Christianity among the Bajju of Northern Nigeria with special emphasis on selected ethical-doctrinal tensions." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Thoresen, Stian Ho Yong. "Health care challenges and human resources for health in Thailand : migrations, social and political tensions, and human rights implications." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118405.
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The global shortage of human resources for health and the brain drain of health care professionals exacerbate health care challenges in many small and medium sized economies, including efforts to curb the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This research investigated attitudes, perceptions, and dynamics among health care students and professionals in Thailand related to human resources for health, migration, inequitable distribution between rural and urban areas as well as between the public and private sector, and influences on migration ambitions. This included contemporary social and political parameters. Perceptions and attitudes among health care students and professionals were explored through a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews with health care professionals. Additional interviews with key-informants encapsulated contemporary events, dynamics, adversities, and challenges specific to the Thai context. It is argued that both the right to health care and health care professionals’ right to free movement must be protected and upheld. This research adds to the knowledge and insight into the specific health care challenges in Thailand and reflections upon the sustainability of the health care system; both in light of these health care challenges and the principles of sustainability as proposed by The World Commission on Environment and Development, the Brundtland Report (1990). It will enhance the scope from which health care, manpower expansion, and reform is pursued. Any approach to stem the exodus of health care professionals must recognise the rights of all stakeholders, including health care professionals and health care consumers, and all stakeholders must be engaged in the pursuit of sustainable health care through the principles of sustainable development and global sustainability.
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Dewar, Robert Scott. "Cyber security in the European Union : an historical institutionalist analysis of a 21st century security concern." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8188/.
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This thesis uses cyber security, an important topic in today's world, as a vector for analysis in order to contribute to a better understanding of the European Union (EU)’s policy-making processes. Although EU policy has received extensive scholarly attention, cyber security policy is under-researched, a gap in current literature this thesis addresses. The goal of the thesis is to understand why the Union adopted and maintained a socio-economic approach to cyber security when other actors added military and defence considerations. The thesis employs an historical institutionalist (HI) framework to examine the long-term institutional and ideational influences underpinning policy development in this area between 1985 and 2013. This was achieved using a longitudinal narrative inquiry employing an original, conceptual content analysis technique developed to gather data from both relevant EU acquis communautaire and over 30 interviews. There were three main findings resulting from this analysis, two empirical and one theoretical. The first empirical finding was that the EU’s competences established an institutional framework – a set of rules and procedures – for policy development in this sector. By restricting the EU’s capacity to engage in military or national security-oriented issues, its competences required it to respond to emerging security matters from a socio-economic perspective. The second empirical finding was that there exists a specific discourse underpinning EU cyber security policy. That discourse is predicated upon a set of five ideational elements which influenced policy continuously between 1985 and 2013. These five elements are: maximising the economic benefits of cyberspace; protecting fundamental rights; tackling cyber-crime; promoting trust in digital systems and achieving these goals through facilitating actor co-operation. Throughout the thesis the argument is made that the EU adopted and maintained its socio-economic policy as a result of an interaction between this ideational discourse and the institutional framework provided by competences. This interaction created a linear, but not deterministic path of policy development from which the EU did not deviate. The third, theoretical, finding relates to the HI mechanisms of path dependency and punctuated equilibrium. The EU’s policy discourse was exposed to major stresses after 2007 which, according to punctuated equilibrium, should have caused policy change. Instead, those stresses entrenched the Union’s discourse. This demonstrates an explanatory flexibility not normally associated with punctuated equilibrium. The findings of the thesis have implications for policy practitioners by providing a way to identify underlying ideational dynamics in policy development. Due to a combination of empirical and conceptual findings, the thesis provides a potential basis for future research in EU policy development and HI analyses.
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Hanafiah, Abdul Malek Mohamad. "Communalism and electoral politics in peninsular Malaysia : the 1982 general election in historical perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304525.
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Sidaway, James D. "Territorial organisation and spatial policy in post-independence Mozambique in historical and comparative perspective." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319896.
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