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Journal articles on the topic 'Political aspects of Cocaine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Vigh, Henrik. "Life in the ant trails." Focaal 2019, no. 85 (December 1, 2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2019.850102.

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This article looks ethnographically at the cocaine trade in and through Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. It clarifies some of the less obvious aspects of illegal cross-border trade and ties the minor flow of drugs, often trafficked by the desperate and disenfranchised, to larger global dynamics. While international media and commentators alike frequently depict transnational organized crime as a pathogen attacking the healthy global order, a closer look at the Bissau cocaine trade clarifies that the trade is neither external nor parasitical but integral to it. The trade’s grasp of Bissau is anchored in enduring critical circumstance, stretching from the social to the political, and displays several ironic feedback loops and interdependencies linking misfortune in time and space. The article thus shows how negative conditions may travel and circulate in a manner that ramifies vulnerability across economic and political borders.

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2

Jos, Philip H., Mary Faith Marshall, and Martin Perlmutter. "The Charleston Policy on Cocaine Use During Pregnancy: A Cautionary Tale." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 2 (1995): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01341.x.

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The conflict between pregnant women freely using cocaine and the well-being of fetuses presents a difficult social problem. Since 1985, at least 200 women, in thirty states, have been criminally prosecuted for using illicit drugs or alcohol during pregnancy. Such policies enjoy considerable public and political support. Nonetheless, treatment programs that include referral to law enforcement officials raise serious ethical and legal issues for hospitals and health care providers. In this paper, we assess the development of one medical university's controversial treatment program for pregnant women addicted to cocaine.In October 1989, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) instituted a new program, called the Interagency Policy on Management of Substance Abuse During Pregnancy (Interagency Policy), designed “to ensure appropriate management of patients abusing illegal drugs during pregnancy.” This program required some pregnant women to seek drug counseling and prenatal care under the threat of criminal sanctions.

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3

Healy, Kevin. "Coca, The State, and the Peasantry in Bolivia, 1982-1988." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 2-3 (1988): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165982.

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Polttical Conflicts between Bolivia and its peasantry over the production and distribution of the coca leaf during the 1980s is the focus of this essay. The first section describes several of Bolivia's comparative disadvantages (among Andean producer nations) for waging effective coca leaf control programs. Following is an analysis of the interplay and results of specific statepeasant conflicts during the 1982-1988 period of civilian democratic rule. To give a Bolivian contextual backdrop to these conflicts, aspects of the national political culture which shape the terms and conditions of the struggle over controversial drug-related issues are explained. A final section presents a brief analysis of the Chapare region's prospects for a successful coca leaf eradication program.Explanations for the Bolivian government's ineffectual campaign against the coca leaf and cocaine industry range from its status as a weak state to its fragile and deteriorating economy (Healy, 1986). Bolivia's political system holds the world record for changes in government by way of the coup d'etat.

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4

Tunving, Kerstin. "Cocaine Abuse: Clinical Aspects." Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift 43, no. 4 (January 1989): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488909101968.

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5

YATES, WILLIAM R. "Cocaine: Clinical and Biobehavioral Aspects." American Journal of Psychiatry 145, no. 11 (November 1988): 1468—a—1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.11.1468-a.

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6

Wodak, A. D. "Cocaine: Clinical and Biobehavioural Aspects." Australian Drug and Alcohol Review 6, no. 4 (October 1987): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238780000851.

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7

Evans Schultes, Richard. "Cocaine: Clinical and biobehavioral aspects." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22, no. 2 (February 1988): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90131-6.

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8

Bogusz, Maciej J., Helmut Althoff, Manfred Erkens, Rolf-Dieter Maier, and Rainer Hofmann. "Internally Concealed Cocaine: Analytical and Diagnostic Aspects." Journal of Forensic Sciences 40, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 15390J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs15390j.

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9

David, Sofia, Anton Knieling, Simona Irina Damian, Madalina Diac, Ion Sandu, and Tatiana Iov. "Study on Forms of Intoxication with Cocaine and Evolutionary Aspects." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 1216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.5.6292.

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Cocaine is an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca. Cocaine sulfate, a brown paste, is obtained from coca leaves and from this, cocaine hydrochloride, a white substance, soluble in water and with a bitter taste that may be in the form of white crystals or powder. From cocaine hydrochloride crack is obtained by heating, a more purified form and with greater power of intoxication and addiction. Once in the organism, cocaine behaves like an indirect sympathomimetic amine and produces a blockade of the presynaptic reuptake of dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin, thus increasing their levels. At the cardiovascular level cocaine is responsible for malignant arrhythmias, sometimes responsible for sudden death. Other symptoms that can occur are aortic dissection, arterial hypertension and coronary vasoconstriction able to trigger an acute myocardial infarction. The authors present a case of sudden cardiac death due to cocaine intoxication in a young male without any cardiac risk factors. The autopsy, together with the results of the complementary tests, indicate that the most probable death mechanism has been a cardiogenic shock secondary to extensive myocardial necrosis due to cocaine intoxication.

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10

Carroll, F. Ivy, Leonard L. Howell, and Michael J. Kuhar. "Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse: Preclinical Aspects." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42, no. 15 (July 1999): 2721–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm9706729.

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11

Morales, Edmundo. "The Political Economy of Cocaine Production." Latin American Perspectives 17, no. 4 (October 1990): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x9001700406.

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12

Dinis-Oliveira, R. J., F. Carvalho, T. Magalhães, and A. Santos. "A cocaine body packer case report: Clinical and forensic aspects." Toxicology Letters 196 (July 2010): S290—S291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.917.

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13

Dinis-Oliveira, Ricardo Jorge, Teresa Magalhães, Félix Carvalho, and Agostinho Santos. "A cocaine body packer case report: clinical and forensic aspects." Clinical Toxicology 47, no. 6 (June 30, 2009): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650902956423.

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14

Morales, Edmundo, and Rensselaer W. Lee. "The White Labyrinth: Cocaine and Political Power." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 6 (November 1990): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073203.

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15

Painter, James. "The white labyrinth: cocaine and political power." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (July 1991): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622064.

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16

Clark, H. Westley. "The White Labyrinth: Cocaine and Political Power." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 23, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1991.10471591.

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17

Craig, Richard B. "The white labyrinth: Cocaine and political power." Orbis 37, no. 1 (December 1993): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4387(93)90018-8.

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18

Hall, Alexandra, and Georgios A. Antonopoulos. "“Coke on Tick”: exploring the cocaine market in the UK through the lens of financial management." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-07-2015-0037.

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Purpose This paper aims to offer detailed preliminary data and analysis that focuses specifically on the structures and financial aspects of the UK cocaine market. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on in-depth interviews with – among others – four active criminal entrepreneurs involved in powder cocaine supply in the UK. Furthermore, along with a review of relevant literature and open sources, in-depth interviews were undertaken with a range of experts with knowledge of the cocaine market. These experts include law enforcement agents and independent academics/researchers who have researched the cocaine market in the UK and internationally. Findings The cocaine market is a fragmented business dependent on networks of individual entrepreneurs and groups. At the core of collaborations often lie family, ethnic or kinship relationships and relationships forged within legal businesses and in prison. Capital investment practices in this market are flexible, “messy” and mutating, and money comes from a range of different sources. Credit is an integral feature of the cocaine business in the UK. The financial management of the cocaine trade is a result of (and reflects) a number of factors, such as the fragmented and decentralised nature of the trade. Originality/value Empirical research into financial aspects of organised crime manifestations is important for the assumptions that are part of public debate to be tested. In addition, understanding the broader range of financial aspects of organised crime is an important component of the process of crimes for gain and can contribute to both better investigation and better prevention.

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19

Maxwell, Kenneth, Patrick L. Clawson, and Rensselaer W. Lee. "The Andean Cocaine Industry." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 6 (1996): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047869.

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20

Graziani, Manuela, Paolo Nencini, and Robert Nisticò. "Genders and the concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol: Pharmacological aspects." Pharmacological Research 87 (September 2014): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.009.

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21

Büttner, Andreas, Gita Mall, Randolph Penning, Hans Sachs, and Serge Weis. "The neuropathology of cocaine abuse." Legal Medicine 5 (March 2003): S240—S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1344-6223(02)00122-0.

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22

Terra Filho, Mário, Chen Chin Yen, Ubiratan de Paula Santos, and Daniel Romero Muñoz. "Pulmonary alterations in cocaine users." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 122, no. 1 (February 2004): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802004000100007.

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CONTEXT: Brazilian researchers have recently recognized a marked increase in the number of people using abusable drugs and the consequences of this habit. It has become a major public health problem in a potentially productive segment of the general population. In the last few years, several medical articles have given special emphasis to pulmonary complications related to cocaine use. This review is based on this information and experience acquired with groups of cocaine users. OBJECTIVE: To present to physicians the pulmonary aspects of cocaine use and warn about the various effects this drug has on the respiratory system, stressing those related to long-term use. DESIGN: Narrative review. METHOD: Pulmonary complications are described. These may include infections (Staphylococcus aureus, pulmonary tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/aids, etc.), aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, septic embolism, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, barotrauma, pulmonary granulomatosis, bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia, pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis, pneumonitis hypersensitivity, lung infiltrates and eosinophilia in individuals with bronchial hyperreactivity, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vasculitis, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary hypertension and alterations in gas exchange. It is concluded that physicians should give special attention to the various pulmonary and clinical manifestations related to cocaine use, particularly in young patients.

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23

Marwah, Joe. "Frontiers in cocaine research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-183.

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In Canada and the United States, cocaine abuse has become a serious drug problem. Cocaine elicits a multitude of behavioural, biochemical, and physiological effects, which depend on the dose, pattern, and route of administration. The recent upsurge in cocaine abuse and the attendant psychiatric problems, the adverse effects, and the lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms have provided an impetus for investigations on its mechanisms of action and for discovering newer treatment approaches. To date no specific mechanism of action can fully account for the psychotropic actions of cocaine, since each of these is also elicited by several other pharmacological compounds that do not produce euphoria–reward, are not self-administered by test animals, and are not abused by humans. Cocaine is both a psychomotor stimulant and a potent local anesthetic. The psychomotor stimulation has traditionally been attributed to an augmentation of monaminergic neurotransmission in the CNS, since previous biochemical studies have reported that cocaine blocks the reuptake of endogenous catecholamines, and potentiates their synaptic actions. However, the mechanism(s) underlying cocaine's central actions might well involve interactions with several synaptic mechanisms including the monoaminergic mechanisms.This symposium, sponsored by the Pharmacological Society of Canada, brought together investigators in the area of cocaine pharmacology to discuss recent advances in this field. The four areas covered by the symposium were the pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of cocaine in man, autonomic actions of cocaine, biological aspects of cocaine addiction, and endocrine and neuroclinical actions of cocaine. The proceedings of the symposium published here provide important perspectives on a classical drag that has held the interest of pharmacologists and toxicologists for many years.

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24

Kuzmin, Alexander V., Mirjam A. F. M. Gerrits, Jan M. van Ree, and Edwin E. Zvartau. "Naloxone inhibits the reinforcing and motivational aspects of cocaine addiction in mice." Life Sciences 60, no. 18 (March 1997): PL257—PL264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00130-6.

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25

Stork, Joe. "Political Aspects of Health." Middle East Report, no. 161 (November 1989): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012741.

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26

Kagileva, Alisa. "“Political Correctness”: Interpretation Aspects." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije 16, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2017.1.14.

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27

Falk, Avner. "Aspects of Political Psychobiography." Political Psychology 6, no. 4 (December 1985): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791019.

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28

Courvisanos, Jerry. "Political aspects of innovation." Research Policy 38, no. 7 (September 2009): 1117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.04.001.

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29

Alipbayev, Amangeldy, and Bakyt Byuzheyeva. "Terrorism: socio-political aspects." KazNU BULLETIN. International relations and international law series Vol 79, no. 3 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/irily-2017-3-732.

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30

Clutterbuck, Richard. "Peru: Cocaine, Terrorism and Corruption." International Relations 12, no. 5 (August 1995): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711789501200506.

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31

Givens, W. L. "Economic Cocaine: America's Exchange Rate Addiction." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 4 (1995): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047204.

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32

Kusterer, Ken, and Edmundo Morales. "Cocaine: White Gold Rush in Peru." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 6 (November 1990): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073202.

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33

Del‐Rios, Nativa Helena Alves, Lyriane Apolinário Araujo, Regina Maria Bringel Martins, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Márcia Alves Dias Matos, Karlla Antonieta Amorim Caetano, Raquel Silva Pinheiro, et al. "Molecular and epidemiological aspects of hepatitis C virus infection among crack cocaine users." Journal of Medical Virology 92, no. 8 (December 2, 2019): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25632.

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34

Hatcher, Patrick Lloyd. "The Andean cocaine industry." Orbis 41, no. 4 (September 1997): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4387(97)90017-x.

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35

Veljković, Jasna, and Vera Despotović. "The Sociodrama Narrative: Political Aspects." Serbian Political Thought 15, no. 1 (2017): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spt.1512017.6.

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36

Leonid GRININ. "Political Aspects of Contemporary Islamism." Social Sciences 51, no. 001 (March 31, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/ssc.58131357.

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37

Chrystal, K. Alec, V. K. Borooah, and F. van der Ploeg. "Political Aspects of the Economy." Economica 52, no. 205 (February 1985): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554004.

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38

Krasin, Yu A. "Political aspects of social inequality." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 76, no. 6 (December 2006): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331606060013.

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39

Nakarada, Radmila. "Political aspects of intercultural dialogue." World Futures 28, no. 1-4 (April 1990): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604027.1990.9972141.

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40

A. Podtserob. "Political Aspects of Modern Islam." International Affairs 63, no. 001 (February 28, 2017): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/iaf.48338442.

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41

Caraël, Michel, and Thomas J. Coates. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 10, Supplement (January 1996): S181–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199601001-00025.

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42

Boddewyn, Jean J. "Political Aspects of MNE Theory." Journal of International Business Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1988): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490392.

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43

Carballo, Manuel, and Ronald Bayer. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 4, Supp 1 (January 1990): S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199001001-00039.

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44

Bayer, Ronald, and Margaret Somerville. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 5, Supplement (January 1991): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199101001-00030.

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45

Gilmore, Norbert, and Peter Aggleton. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 7 (January 1992): S241—S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199201001-00033.

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46

Gilmore, Norbert, and Peter Aggleton. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 7 (January 1993): S241—S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199301001-00033.

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47

Mann, Jonathan M. "Social, cultural and political aspects." AIDS 2 (1988): S207–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198800001-00031.

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48

Kiener, E. "Political aspects of nuclear energy." Nuclear Engineering and Design 114, no. 2 (June 1989): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(89)90187-8.

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49

Stern, Chadly, and Peter Ondish. "Political aspects of shared reality." Current Opinion in Psychology 23 (October 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.11.004.

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50

Saint-Paul, Gilles. "Some political aspects of unemployment." European Economic Review 39, no. 3-4 (April 1995): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)00064-7.

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