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Journal articles on the topic 'Political aspects of Guilt'
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1
Kranz, Jerzy. "Wollt ihr den totalen Krieg? Legal, Political, and Moral Aspects of the Resettlement of German Population." Polish Review of International and European Law 7, no. 2 (2020): 9–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2018.7.2.01.
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Germany had started the Second World War in an intentional and conscious manner, obviously being aware that every action can have unpredictable and unwanted consequences. The Potsdam decisions were taken by the Great Powers after assuming supreme authority in Germany. They constituted a manifestation of the Allies’ rights and responsibilities. The territorial changes of Germany and the transfer of population were part of the general regulation of the effects of the Second World War. These decisions were not a simple matter of revenge. They must be perceived in a wider political perspective of European policy. The resettlement by Germany of ethnic Germans to the Reich or to the territories it occupied constituted an instrument of National Socialist policy. This German policy turned out in 1945 to be a tragic irony of fate. The resettlement decided in Potsdam must be perceived in the context of German legal responsibility for the war’s outbreak. The individual perception of the resettlement and individual guilt are different from the international responsibility of the state and from the political-historical responsibility of the nation. In our discussion we made the distinction between the individual and the collective aspect as well as between the legal and historical/political aspect. We deal with the guilt of individuals (criminal, political, moral), the international legal responsibility of states, and the political and historical responsibility of nations (societies). For the difficult process of understanding and reconciliation between Poles and Germans, the initiatives undertaken by some social circles, and especially the church, were of vital importance. The question of the resettlement became a theme of numerous publications in Poland after 1989. In the mid 1990s there was a vast debate in the media with the main question of: should we apologize for the resettlement? Tracing a line from wrongdoing/harm to unlawfulness is not easy. In 1945 the forcible transfer of the German population was an act that was not prohibited by international law. What is significant is that this transfer was not a means of war conduct. It did not apply to the time of a belligerent occupation, in terms of humanitarian law, but to a temporary, specific, international post-conflict administration. Maybe for some people Potsdam decisions will always be seen as an illegal action, for others as an expression of strict international legal responsibility, for some as a kind of imperfect justice, and still for others as an opening of a new opportunity for Europe.
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Stanislawski, Wojciech. "Westerplatte or Jedwabne?: Debates on history and "collective guilt" in Poland." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 21 (2003): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0321261s.
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The author analyzes recent Polish debates on researching silenced aspects of national history and the problem of the "collective guilt". One of the major questions arising in these debates is: does the study of "white spots" from the past (have to) lead to a trauma of continuous collective self-blame? In Poland, a specialized institution, the Institute of National Memory, was founded in 1998, engaging in research, documentation and public education on events related to German and Soviet occupation during WWII and the activity of political police under communism. Polish debates on the past got particularly inflamed after the discovery made by the historian J.T.Gross on the participation of Poles in the massacre of Jewish inhabitants of the town of Jedwabne in 1941. His book published in 2000 provoked a heated debate in which methodological, political and moral arguments were used on both sides. This case also occasioned a polemic between two prominent historians, identifying two basic visions of national history: the "monumental" one, recognizing only the heroic deeds that the nation takes pride in, and the "skeptical" one, which looks for silenced and shameful facts. Though both participants in the polemic opt for the third vision, the "objective" history which dispassionately seeks the truth, one of them stresses the role of the monumental history in maintaining the cohesion of the national community, while the other emphasizes that the collective acknowledgement of the nation's crimes can be a basis for national pride. .
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Urbaniok, F. "Zurich Victim Protection Charter." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70516-4.
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Every person has the right to not become a victim of violent or sex offenses.There is neither absolute certainty, nor “the solution” when dealing with violent and sex offenders. A society has many options for lowering the risks and for protecting its citizens. The focus on aspects of prevention in handling offenders plays a central role. Unfortunately, many countries show sizable deficits in areas of prevention:•No effective, social lobby for subjects on victim protection.•Political discussions are often characterized by ideologies and follow stereotypical rightist-leftist-schemata.•For legal- dogmatic reasons, the principle of prevention is treated subordinate to that of guilt.•This is where the Zurich Victim Protection Charter comes into play.The Charter formulates 10 principles regarding prevention and victim protection. It's a statement against violent and sex offenses, but not against offenders. It pleads for a pragmatic strategy in dealing with offenses, offenders and risks. It demands adequate consideration of the rights and needs of (potential) victims.The charter was formulated in Zurich in 2008 and has recently been posted on the internet with the aim of collecting enough signatures to give it political weight.The initiators are convinced that subjects on victim protection can gain (social) political majorities and that the focus on prevention during criminal proceedings and correctional practices must receive the same status as the guilt principle. This is the central demand of the Zurich Victim Protection Charter, the contents and goals of which will be presented.
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Bargdill, Richard W. "Habitual Boredom and Depression: Some Qualitative Differences." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 2 (2016): 294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816637948.
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This article will compare and contrast the author’s theory of Habitual Boredom with a phenomenological account of Unipolar Depression. The habitually bored show more external ambivalence, passive avoidance, and shame, as well as a tendency toward passive hope and identity confusion. The depressed show more internal ambivalence, willful (but futile) determination, and guilt as well as tendency toward hopelessness and identity objectification. The article also discusses some of the experiential similarities and developmental differences between the two phenomenon as well as some aspects of the defensive structure that initially prevents the bored from becoming depressed.
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Sanders, Clinton R., Jeffrey Lee Rasmussen, Susan J. Modlin, Angela M. Holder, and D. W. Rajecki. "Good Dog: Aspects of Humans' Causal Attributions for a Companion Animal's Social Behavior." Society & Animals 7, no. 1 (1999): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853099x00130.
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AbstractLay theories or assumptions about nonhuman animal mentality undoubtedly influence relations between people and companion animals. In two experiments respondents gave their impressions of the mental and motivational bases of companion animal social behavior through measures of causal attribution. When gauged against the matched actions of a boy, as in the first experiment, respondents attributed a dog's playing (good behavior) to internal, dispositional factors buta dog's biting (bad behavior) to external, situational factors. A second experiment that focused on a dog's bite revealed clear attributional process on the part of observers. Higher ratings of a dog as the cause of a victim's distress predicted higher ratings of a dog's guilt. Higher ratings that a dog had an excuse predicted stronger recommendations for forgiveness. Individual differences in seeing the actor as a "good dog" systematically predicted judgments of severity of the outcome and recommendations for punishment. Discussion of these attributional findings referred to tolerance for companion animal misbehavior and relinquishment decisions. This article illustrates the utility of causal attribution as a tool for the study of popular conceptions of nonhuman animal mind and behavior.
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Norberg, Joakim, Andreas Engström, Viktor Kjellén, and Jan Carlsson. "On the Hunt." Society & Animals 28, no. 3 (2017): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341458.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine hunters’ experiences of leisure hunting, with a focus on the human-nonhuman animal relationship aspect of the activity. Interviews with twelve Swedish hunters were conducted and analyzed with an inductive thematic approach. The analysis showed that hunting led to an experience of completeness. This experience was complex, encompassing positive ingredients such as flow, peak experience, and transcendence, but there were also negative emotions such as guilt, disgust, and shame. The study showed that the hunters seemed to be aware of these feelings and that killing an animal was thus an ambivalent experience, involving the contrasting feelings of euphoria and guilt.
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Bachman, David. "Aspects of an Institutionalizing Political System: China, 1958–1965." China Quarterly 188 (December 2006): 933–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000506.
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This article uses newly available Chinese sources to take a different look at aspects of the Chinese political system and the Chinese state during 1958 to 1965. While not challenging the literature on elite power issues, it demonstrates that much more was going on within the Chinese state than has been widely appreciated. In particular, the article focuses on the formal legal process, where it appears that the use of courts was extensive throughout the per-Cultural Revolution period and where the verdict of not guilty, not punished occurred more frequently in China than it did in American federal criminal cases; on the growing breakdown of the Party elite; and on China's preparation for war, basically an ongoing process of the Chinese state from 1962 on, with extensive militarization even earlier.
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Darlington, Yvonne. "Working with sexually abused children: Insights from adult survivors." Children Australia 20, no. 3 (1995): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004582.
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In a qualitative study of adult women's experiences of having been sexually abused as children, research participants reported their recollections of their responses, as children, to sexual abuse and of their relationships with mothers and peers.Childhood responses to sexual abuse included attempts to escape, fear, guilt and shame. Attempts to escape encompassed physical resistance as well as mental processes, such as daydreaming and dissociation. Despite numerous such attempts to escape, in the context of immobilising fear, many still blamed themselves for the sexual abuse. Many also experienced shame, a profound sense of exposure and humiliation. Relationships with mothers were dominated by feelings of loss and betrayal which, in several cases, had persisted into adulthood. Relationships with peers were characterised by isolation, with underlying fear of rejection and humiliation. Physical and verbal abuse, by a wider range of perpetrators, was common.Several conclusions for therapy with sexually abused children are drawn: Attention to the full range of attempts to escape sexual abuse, in the context of immobilising fear, could help dispel children's sense of guilt about sexual abuse. The experiences of guilt and shame should both be addressed. In not blaming mothers for sexual abuse, any negative aspects of the child's experience of his or her relationship with mother should not be inadvertently minimised. The fear of exposure or rejection underlying poor peer relationships should be addressed as part of attempts at improving peer relationships. Isolation accruing from other forms of child abuse by a wider range of perpetrators needs to be addressed.
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Stenger, Mary Ann. "Rethinking The Courage to Be for American Culture Today." International Yearbook for Tillich Research 13, no. 1 (2018): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iytr-2018-199.
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Abstract This essay compares the cultural context for The Courage to Be with the present American context and then assesses the extent to which Tillich’s analysis is helpful in understanding and/or addressing current challenges to faith and life. Two aspects of culture that need to be addressed today are 1) the importance of our human bodies in how we live and in how we relate to others and 2) issues of justice and power. People still experience the anxieties of fate and death, doubt and meaninglessness, and guilt and condemnation, but today there is less emphasis on guilt. For some groups, a fourth anxiety of injustice and oppression dominates. American culture today is polarized politically and religiously over basic values, with people gaining courage through belonging to particular groups much more than through the courage to be as oneself. Transcendent courage participates in the power of being-itself and grounds all forms of courage, providing a religious meaning to courage and to life.
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Fukuda, Kaoru. "The Morality of Livestock Farming." Society & Animals 24, no. 1 (2016): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341385.
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This article describes how livestock farmers respond to moral enquiries about their means of livelihood, by referring to ethnographic data collected in the Scottish Borders. The focus is on three controversial aspects of livestock farming: welfare issues of intensive farming methods, guilt about depriving nonhuman animals of their lives for food, and the moral dilemma of breeding and rearing animals merely to be killed. There was a feeling of uneasiness among farmers about sending the animals they looked after to the slaughterhouse. This, however, was rationalized with the recognition that livestock were bred and reared to be eaten in the first place. By examining farmers’ utterances, it is suggested that livestock farmers are conditioned to consider their vocation as a part of the social system, over which they have little control.
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Zebel, Sven, Sjoerd F. Pennekamp, Martijn van Zomeren, et al. "Vessels with Gold or Guilt: Emotional Reactions to Family Involvement Associated with Glorious or Gloomy Aspects of the Colonial Past." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 10, no. 1 (2007): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430207071342.
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Polonsky, Antony. "Special Section: Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine: Historical Research, Public Debates, and Methodological Disputes. Foreword." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 34, no. 1 (2019): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325419852671.
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This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe. This special section examines how debates on local participation in the mass murder of the Jews during the Second World War have evolved in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. The comparative approach adopted in this collection has highlighted the common problems in these four countries in coming to terms with the “dark past”—those aspects of the national past that provoke shame, guilt, and regret. Like the contributors to this collection I believe it is debate among historians that offers the best chance to move forward and that the intervention of politicians has had a clearly deleterious effect. This debate needs to be conducted in an open and collegial manner although we may differ strongly in our conclusions. We should always remember that the past cannot be altered. We can only accept the tragic and shocking events that have occurred and try to learn from them. This is a process that could begin in northeastern Europe only after the collapse of the communist system—a coming to terms with the many neglected and taboo aspects of the past in all four countries. The first stage of approaching such issues has usually been from a moral point of view—a settlement of long-overdue accounts, often accompanied by apologies for past behaviour. It seemed that we were reaching a second stage, where apologetics would increasingly be replaced by careful and detailed research based on archives and reliable first-hand testimony.
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Ferreira, Nadiá Paulo. "Eu te amo. Tu me amas. Nós sofremos e assim morremos de e por amor." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 19, no. 25 (1999): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.19.25.85-101.
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<p>Os escritores do século XIX inventaram um culpado forte e poderoso para continuar acreditando no mito da Felicidade, quer como projeto político quer como dádiva do amor. A fé nesse ideal, cujas raízes se encontram no Iluminismo, determinou não só o engendramento de um desejo, que se manifesta sob a forma de um não a ordem constituída, mas também uma postura melancólica. Assim, o sofrimento se transforma em meio de gozo, dando lugar ao sentimento de culpa ou ao sacrifício heróico. A leitura de <em>Viagens da minha terra</em>, visa demonstrar o caráter paradigmático desse romance, na medida em que Almeida Garret ilustra todos os impasses do homem que acreditou e apostou nos ideais de sua época.</p> Nineteen century writers found out a strong and powerful feeling of guilty to keep trusting the myth of happiness, both as a political project or a gift of love. Faith on this ideal, who roots come from Iluminism, determine the building of desire, expressed by denying a stablished order, but also a melancholical position. Due to it, suffering turns into a way of having pleasure, also dealing with guilt and heroical posture. By reading the novel Viagens da minha terra, one can perceive it’s paradigmatic aspect since Garret listed and ilustrated all corners man, at his time, believed and was driven into.
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Medar, Suzana. "The conception of legal responsibility in the opus of Hans Kelsen and Toma Živanović." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 89 (2020): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-28657.
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The concept of legal responsibility (liability) implies a violation of the dispositive norm and subjecting the offender to envisaged sanctions. Legal responsibility is based on three key elements: the subject, the object, and the legal grounds of responsibility. The legal state (Rechtsstaat) is inconceivable without responsibility, which is present in all areas of law. In constitutional law, it is reflected in the legal and political responsibility of the state authorities. Civil and criminal liability differ in terms of sanctions. In civil law, there is subjective liability based on culpability and objective (strict) liability. As a consequence of committing a crime, criminal liability includes two elements: sanity and guilt. While guilt is a subjective element of a crime which cannot be avoided, criminal liability can be avoided. According to Kelsen, the subject of legal responsibility and the legal obligation are equivalent. He distinguishes between subjective liability based on culpability and absolute (objective) liability. This distinction rests on the individualistic ideal of justice. Logically, the sanctions also differ in these two cases. Kelsen also recognizes collective responsibility (especially of legal entities), which is always absolute. In civil law, the subject of obligation and the subject of liability correspond. Živanović provides detailed accounts on the concepts of delict, delinquent, and sanction. According to Živanović, a delict (in all branches of law) is a violation or endangerment of a subjective right. A delinquent, i.e. the infringer of legal norms, is the object of sanction. In analyzing the concept of sanction, he identifies seven distinctive elements of a sanction. The comparison of Kelsen and Živanovic's conceptions of legal responsibility yields notable results. Both authors were aware of many aspects of legal responsibility. In spite of the obvious terminological differences, they essentially discuss the same legal issues. When observed jointly, these two authors provide a wide-branching "scheme" of both legal responsibility in general and area-specific liability in particular.
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Parush, Adi. "The Courtroom as Theater and the Theater as Courtroom in Ancient Athens." Israel Law Review 35, no. 1 (2001): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700012103.
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To prevent any misunderstanding, I first would like to clarify that I am not a historian dealing with classical studies; my main disciplines are philosophy and law. However, following a seminar I gave dealing with several philosophical-legal aspects of Greek tragedy, and an article I wrote about the relationship between the concept of guilt in Oedipus Tyrannus and the principle of strict liability in modern criminal law, I have found myself in recent years becoming increasingly interested in the unique culture which emerged in Athens during the classical period, particularly in the 5th century BCE. In the course of that century, Athens was involved in many wars – against the Persians in the early decades, against Sparta (the Peloponnesian War) in the latter decades, and other “minor” wars. And yet despite these wars, during the 5th century BCE Athens was in a state of cultural-social-political ferment that left its mark on the whole history of western culture. In the course of that century, there was in Athens a burgeoning of independent-critical thought in the philosophical domain, nature and medicine were systematically studied, tragedies by the Athenians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were written and performed, and the democratic regime took shape.
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Moosavinia, Sayyed Rahim, and Fatemeh Raeisi. "“Stark Raving Sane”: A Deconstructionist Reading of Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead." Anafora 8, no. 1 (2021): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/anafora.v8i1.10.
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The focus of this study is the theme of Hamlet’s madness in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, which as a play based on Shakespeare’s Hamlet, provides a critique on this theme through the perspective of Ros and Guil, who, by means of a reversal of minor and major characters, have become the center of the spotlight in Stoppard’s play. The concept of madness in general is complicated, including many different aspects, among which the historical aspect is the most significant, as the definition of madness has evolved through different historical eras. By placing Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead in a historical context, this essay aims to demonstrate that as a play written in the latter half of the twentieth century, Ros and Guil’s critique of Hamlet’s madness, with all the intricacies of its language, collapses the binary opposition of sanity and insanity in a twentieth century poststructuralist manner, and leads to no clear-cut answer to the question of Hamlet’s madness. However, as a play whose events unfold in the context of Hamlet, a Renaissance play, it carries some of the social and political aspects of Shakespeare’splay, as Ros and Guil’s evaluation of Hamlet’s condition is heavily under Claudius’s politically infused influence.
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LUNYO, Yevhen. "PEOPLE'S NARRATIVE TRADITION ON THE DESTRUCTION OF THE POLISH COLONY OF PYSHIVKA IN THE SPRING OF 1944." Contemporary era 8 (2020): 46–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2020-8-46-76.
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It is investigated how the Ukrainian folk-narrative tradition in various genre records of the beginning of the 21st century reflects and comprehends one of the numerous events of the Polish-Ukrainian armed conflict of the 1940s in the western Ukrainian lands - the destruction of the Polish colony Pyshivka by the Ukrainian armed underground in the spring of 1944. It is stated that the folk epic memory of Ukrainians reproduces the event of sixty years ago quite clearly, in various aspects and numerous details. It is noted that the narrative tradition of understanding the destruction of Pyshivka takes place in two planes - socio-political, military on the one hand, and Christian-moral humanistic - on the other. However, they do not always act in their pure separate essence: either one or the other. It is traced from the stories that in one narrator, they can be organically combined with a certain dominance of one or another component. It was stated that the narrators of the socio-political direction - primarily participants and eyewitnesses, reflected and comprehended the specific event of the destruction of Pyshivka in a broader aspect of the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation under the influence of information about the hostile intention of Poles against their village, as well as stories about previous similar Polish actions against Ukrainian villages. At the same time, there is a tendency that the farther the narrators are from the realities of the national liberation struggle, were not its eyewitnesses, and are not more deeply interested in it from printed or other sources, the more their understanding acquires a humanistic and moral content. They sincerely regret and mourn what happened, show a subconscious complex of guilt, and hence focus more on peaceful, friendly relations before the war, sympathetically speak of the high moral and spiritual qualities and higher economic success of the Polish colonists. Keywords: narrative tradition, Polish-Ukrainian armed conflict, historical memory, Pyshivka, Yavoriv region.
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Ambrosewicz-Jacobs, Jolanta. "„…wobec rozmiarów Zagłady świat doświadczył ogromnej winy…”. Debaty wokół nauczania o Holokauście." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 38, no. 2 (2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.38.2.2.
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„…THE WORLD FELT A HUGE GUILT OVER THE SCALE OF THE HOLOCAUST…”. DEBATES SURROUNDING THE TEACHING ABOUT THE HOLOCAUSTIn Europe a strong association with a sense of victimhood based on the memory of terror and murder in many cases creates conflicting approaches and generates obstacles to providing education about Jewish victims. Suppressed shame and tension together with conflicts related to insufficiently acknowledged victimhood of one’s own group intersect with political agreements on teaching about the Shoah such as the signing of the Stockholm Declaration and membership in the IHRA and other IGOs. The text presents selected challenges and the dynamics of education about the Holocaust and poses questions such as whether it is possible to identify clear concepts, strategies and good educational practices, whether there are links between education about the Holocaust, education against genocides and human rights education, and how education about the Holocaust relates to attitudes toward Jews? In many European countries disparities have grown between Holocaust research and education about the Holocaust. Empirical studies in the field of education reveal that there is a gap between research and education in some aspects of the way the Holocaust is presented, particularly with regard to the attitudes of local populations towards Jews during the Shoah. Nevertheless, the number of educational initiatives designed to teach and learn about the Shoah is steadily increasing.
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Jørgensen, Nina H. B. "The Genocide Acquittal in the Sikirica Case Before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Coming of Age of the Guilty Plea." Leiden Journal of International Law 15, no. 2 (2002): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156502000195.
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This article focuses on two key aspects of the Keraterm case before the ICTY. The first is Duško Sikirica's acquittal of the crime of genocide. The Trial Chamber's construction of the phrase “destruction in part of a group” is critically examined and compared to the reasoning of a differently constituted Trial Chamber in the Krstić case. The second key aspect of the Keraterm case is the decision by all three defendants to enter into plea agreements with the Prosecutor at a relatively late stage in the trial. This article discusses the rules governing plea agreements, general sentencing factors and the extent to which guilty pleas have resulted in a pattern of lighter sentences in the jurisprudence of the Tribunals.
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Barbu, Denisa. "Some Aspects Of International Offences: Offences/Crimes And Offences/Delicts." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (2015): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0068.
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Abstract Generally, justifying the theme aims to analyse the two categories of international crimes, i.e. offences/delicts and offences/crimes emphasizing the similarities and the differences between them because on the basis of the conclusions which will result and the degree of danger we can argue the framing of some of the offences/delicts under the category of offences/crimes, what we think it could help to reduce the criminality. The element of novelty of the study is characterized by the fact that it is intended to be a review of all aspects of the efficiency of international co-operation in preventing and combating international crime/offences, on all levels, respectively, political, legal, technical and operative, in the framework of the most important mechanisms developed and agreed by states in this area. Committing such severe acts, which violates any international regulation, requires states to fight back entirely, punishing the guilty ones. The legislation in force and the doctrine, the jurisprudence recognizes the principle according to which the offense is the only basis of criminal liability. The notion of „crime” in its sphere includes both offences committed with intent or negligence, and also the crimes of common or international law.
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Fonio, Chiara, and Stefano Agnoletto. "Surveillance, Repression and the Welfare State: Aspects of Continuity and Discontinuity in post-Fascist Italy." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 1/2 (2013): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i1/2.4449.
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This paper seeks to explore political, cultural, legal and socio-economic legacies of the Fascist regime (1922-1943) in Italy. With the fall of the regime, in fact, the overall surveillance apparatus did not fade away. Former fascists were not purged from political and cultural life and very few were found guilty. The transition to democracy was thus marked by a substantial continuity of men and institutions (Della Porta and Reiter 2004) due to the active involvement of ex-OVRA (Organization of Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism) officers in public institutions (Author 2011). It comes as no surprise that forms of pervasive non-technological social control continued for more than twenty years after the fall of the duce. Moreover, police state surveillance was combined with a meaningful continuity in other areas. For instance, the welfare state immediately after World War II was actually based upon the model built during Fascism. The “Fascist Social State” (Silei, 2000) had a corporative and authoritarian inspiration and was a strategy of social control and a tool to create consensus. In the 1950s and 1960s the institutional features of the Italian social security system remained fundamentally unchanged (Giorgi, 2009; Silei, 2000): an excess of bureaucracy and discretionary power; a system based on specific categories of people needing assistance and not on a more universal approach. The Italian post-fascist experience is a paradigmatic case-study that allows us to deal with ambiguities of the welfare state experience, described either as a tool of social control or as a vector of social justice. This paper is an attempt to analyze “social control strategies” in post-Fascist Italy with a focus both on aspects of continuity and on crucial socio-political discontinuities that are often overlooked in the literature.
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Wendt, Alexander. "How not to argue against state personhood: a reply to Lomas." Review of International Studies 31, no. 2 (2005): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006492.
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It may be that states are not persons, but there is nothing in Peter Lomas' dismissive critique of my article that would help us decide one way or the other. Lomas never engages the central points of my argument, and does not appear to have read the relevant literature. This is too bad, since Lomas' evident passion about the question of whether states are persons is fully justified. At stake empirically is our ability to explain important patterns in world politics, like balancing or the tendency of states to follow international law, which seem to presuppose state persons. And normatively, state personhood has many politically charged implications, whether limiting the possibilities for individual self-realisation, as emphasised by Lomas, or providing a metaphysical ground for claims of group rights, collective responsibility and guilt, reparations, and the like. So the stakes are high, and having been neglected in IR for so long our current understanding of the issue is preliminary at best. Passion, however, is no substitute for clear thinking, and here Lomas muddies the water considerably. As such I welcome the opportunity to respond. Since Lomas concentrates on my easy case – collective intentionality – I shall do likewise, defending the reality of only that aspect of state personhood, thus bracketing whether states are also super-organisms with collective consciousness.
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Severinova, Oleksandra. "LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS: HISTORICAL LAW ASPECTS." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 1, no. 1 (2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-1-1-116-122.
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The article analyzes the historical law bases of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts. The typification of armed conflicts is classified and carried out on various grounds, including on the basis of evolutionary nature (four generations of wars). It is concluded that in the XXI century armed conflicts have a number of fundamentally new features (unconventionality, nonlinearity, irregularity, asymmetry and non-military nature), which distinguishes them from the armed confrontations of previous epochs and refers to the fourth generation wars. The analysis described the following similar terms: «war», «military conflict», «armed conflict», and identified similarities, identities or substantive differences between them, which is important for the correct legal classification of war crimes. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that today the aggressor states in armed conflicts use the so-called «hybrid means of warfare», which include, in addition to confrontation on the battlefield in the classical sense, confrontation on economic, informational, political and cultural fronts. The emergence of these new weapons requires the study of the essence of «hybrid» confrontation: the means, methods and tactics used, the purpose of defeat by one means or another to deter the aggressor states, as well as to counter them. The urgency of the topic is also due to the fact that Ukraine today, unfortunately, found itself in a state of armed confrontation, fell victim to a «hybrid conflict» on the part of the Russian Federation. As practice shows, the nature of the discussion of this problem and the process of developing and approving specific measures aimed at counteracting and deterring the aggressor state proves the inability of most international organizations responsible for international peace and security to address such issues in practice. From this point of view, a historical and legal analysis of the formation of the institution of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts, given the crucial importance of bringing to justice those guilty of war crimes.
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Nicholsky, E. V., and Dorota Walczak. "JOASAPH (MITKEVICH) - PRIEST, SCHOLAR, POLITICIAN AND FRIEND OF THE EMPRESS. ABOUT THE BISHOP OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 5 (2019): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-5-788-793.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of activity of Bishop of Belgorod and Obolensk Joasaph (Mitkevich) (1724 - 1763). Vladyka Joasaph was known for his multilateral and multidirectional activity not only in the sphere of church administration, but also in other spheres: public, scientific, and political. During his ministry in the Belgorod Diocese, he let himself be known not only as a good priest, but also as an outstanding administrator, a wonderful educator, a talented scholar, and at the end of his life also as a far-sighted politician, who unmistakably foresaw new political trends and one of the first to congratulate the future Empress Catherine II on her accession to the throne, although at that time the fact that she would hold on to power was not yet obvious. Although sometimes the methods of his action could be called rather harsh, and sometimes even severe (take at least very strict punishments for ignorant or guilty priests), but in general his activities benefited the eparchy entrusted to him. On the basis of archival documents, the authors investigate the most diverse aspects of the activity of this church hierarch. The thesis is advanced that Joasaph (Mitkevich) fully implemented the ideal of the "Bishop of the Enlightenment" that emerged at the end of the 18th century.
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Bobrova, Natalia, and Vladimir Sidorov. "Legal nature of the positive constitutional responsibility." Law Enforcement Review 1, no. 3 (2017): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(3).62-70.
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The subject of the paper is theoretical justification of legal nature of positive constitutionalresponsibility legal institute. The evolution of views on the institution of positive constitutionalresponsibility from the first works on it (S.A. Avak`yan, Yu.P. Eremenko, F.M. Rudinsky, N.A. Bobrova) to the present time is analyzed.The purpose is to clarify its role in establishment and maintaining the regime of constitutionallegality.The results, scope of application. Doubts about the legal nature of positive constitutionalresponsibility up to its complete denial are identical with doubts about the legal nature ofmany constitutional norms, the denial of their direct action. These disputes will last forever.Direct service of constitutional and legal responsibility to the quality of governance is a featureof this type of legal responsibility along with its pronounced political character, as wellas the specific guilt of the subject of constitutional tort (liability not only for their acts butfor the acts of their subordinates).The emphasis on positive moral aspect to the detriment of "sanction" (retrospective) aspectof the constitutional responsibility does not meet the challenges of the new time.Proponents of affirmative responsibility had good purpose to build its high creative andeducational role from the positive side of the legal liability. However, this good purpose inpractice has not led to optimistic results.The authors come to the conclusion the legal regulation of mechanisms of responsibilityenforcement in Russia is necessary.
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Chirico, Robert. "From Cave to Caféé: Artists' Gatherings." Gastronomica 2, no. 4 (2002): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2002.2.4.33.
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Historical documentation regarding public festivals and banquets continually acknowledges the alliance of painting, poetry, music, and design, but in contrast to these records, accounts of artists personal revelries remain scarce. This article discusses the festive, social, political, and artistic aspects of notable gatherings that took place over the past five centuries. Among the examples mentioned are the serious gatherings of Baccio Bandinelli's Academy and the meetings of the Dutch Rhetoricians (Rederijkers); the lavish parties of the 16th century artist Rustici and the modern-day Art Students League;the scandalous doings of the Dutch painters guild (Bentvueghels) in Rome and the antics of the Swedish sculptor Sergel. It also touches upon pre- and postwar banquets in Paris,Futurist and Dadaist gatherings, and the socializing of the New York School.
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Komarova Loureiro, Yuliya, Kelly L. Haws, and William O. Bearden. "Businesses Beware." Journal of Service Research 21, no. 2 (2017): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670517738366.
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Consumers feeling wronged in the marketplace can respond in a variety of ways both morally appropriate and morally inappropriate. We focus on specific circumstances under which company wrongdoing increases the likelihood for consumers to respond with immoral retaliatory behavior. Importantly, we demonstrate that such immoral retaliation is not directed solely toward the guilty party but may also spill over to guiltless marketplace entities. This research highlights the underlying processes for immoral retaliation against a guilty versus a guiltless company, demonstrating the varying roles of anger and justification as well as assessing the overall effectiveness of such vengeance in offsetting further retaliation. Our findings inform important aspects of effective service recovery by shedding light on the destructive potential of consumer perceptions of immorality of any one company’s actions and by providing recommendations for managing the associated risk factors.
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Quiles, Zandra N., Taru Kinnunen, and Jane Bybee. "Aspects of Guilt and Self-Reported Substance Use in Adolescence." Journal of Drug Education 32, no. 4 (2002): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vn3d-5m0a-47bn-3y3t.
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The use of addictive substances is undergoing moralization in American society—behaviors once viewed as personal preferences now carry moral significance. Research has shown that sociomoral emotions like guilt, thought to be reflective of one's internalized standards and societal mores, can be an important influence on behavior. The present study explored the relationship between college students' self-reports of adolescent substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) and scores on indices tapping different aspects of guilt (Standards, Situational, and Chronic Guilt). Participants were 230 undergraduate students (mean age = 19; 55 percent female; 69 percent White). Substance users had lower scores on Standards and Situational Guilt than non-users, but no difference was observed in Chronic Guilt. The present results suggest that a stronger internalization of societal standards, as reflected by higher scores on Standards and Situational Guilt, may prove a useful tool in the prevention of substance use.
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Sølvará, Hans Andrias. "Tilboðið, Alberti og danska stjórnin – ein søga um eina politiska mytu / „The Offer“, Alberti and the Danish Government – Story of a Political Myth." Fróðskaparrit - Faroese Scientific Journal 59 (January 11, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18602/fsj.v59i0.41.
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<p>This article explores certain aspects of the socalled „offer“, which the Faroese selfrule leader and member of the Danish parliament, Jóannes Patursson, introduced to the Faroese Lagting in 1906. The „offer“, which according to Jóannes Patursson was given to him by the Danish government, would have given the Faroese Lagting greater administrative and financial selfrule in internal Faroese matters. The Faroese people rejected the offer in 1906, and the Danish legislative minister, Peter A. Alberti, who had signed the letter with the offer to the Lagting, was in 1908 forced to leave the government and was sentenced eight years imprisonment as a result of his involvement in a financial scandal. It has since been said that, according to the Danish government, the offer given to Jóannes Patursson was a private offer from Peter A. Alberti, of which the Danish government had no knowledge. This article argues, that the offer was given to Jóannes Patursson by the Danish government, and that the Danish government never accused Peter A. Alberti of having given Jóannes Patursson a private offer. This story is a myth, created later, totally without any historical foundation. Peter A. Alberti was a likely candidate to blame for an unsuccessful political offer, but in this case, he is certainly not guilty in any violation of governmental authority.</p>
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Mittwoch, Adele. "Aspects of Guilt and Shame in Psychotherapy." Group Analysis 20, no. 1 (1987): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316487201005.
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Schwan, Gesine. "Political Consequences of Silenced Guilt." Constellations 5, no. 4 (1998): 472–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.00109.
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Wilson, Amanda. "Guilt Beyond Guilt: From Political Theory to Metaphysics with Herbert Morris." Modern Law Review 84, no. 1 (2020): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12580.
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Chudy, Jennifer, Spencer Piston, and Joshua Shipper. "Guilt by Association: White Collective Guilt in American Politics." Journal of Politics 81, no. 3 (2019): 968–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703207.
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Abeliovich, Ruthie. "On Guilt and Ghosts." Pamiętnik Teatralny 69, no. 4 (2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/pt.567.
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This paper reviews Grzegorz Niziołek thought-provoking book The Polish Theatre of the Holocaust (London: Methuen Drama Press, 2019), and the key questions and issues it addresses. Focusing on Polish perspectives, theatrical representations and performative reactions to the extermination of the Jews during WWII, the book analyzes six decades of theatrical creation. Within this scheme, the victims and perpetrators are casted in the role of actors, while the Polish people are allotted the role of passive spectators, witnesses to the atrocity. This review sheds light on the ethical and aesthetical implications of Niziołek’s study, by attending to the material aspects of the catastrophe, and its theatrical representations. It seeks to recuperate and integrate the Jewish perspective into the theatrical analysis.
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O'Leary, James. "Oklahoma!, “Lousy Publicity,” and the Politics of Formal Integration in the American Musical Theater." Journal of Musicology 31, no. 1 (2014): 139–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2014.31.1.139.
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The achievements of Rodger and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma! (1943) are well known: since the musical opened, critics have proclaimed it a new version of the genre, distinguished by its “integrated” form, in which all aspects of the production—score, script, costume, set, and choreography—are interrelated and inseparable. Although today many scholars acknowledge that Oklahoma! was not the first musical to implement the concept of integration, the musical is often considered revolutionary. Building on the work of Tim Carter, I use the correspondence and press materials in the Theatre Guild Collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University to situate the idea of integration into two intimately related discourses: contemporary notions of aesthetic prestige and World War II-era politics. By comparing the advertising of Oklahoma! to the Guild’s publicity for its previous musical productions (especially Porgy and Bess, which was labeled integrated in 1935), I demonstrate that press releases from the show’s creative team strategically deployed rhetoric and vocabulary that variously depicted the show as both highbrow and lowbrow, while distancing it from middlebrow entertainment. I then describe how the aesthetic register implied by this tiered rhetoric carried political overtones, connotations that are lost to us today because the word “integration” has become reified as a purely formal concept.
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Sorial, Sarah. "Guilt by Association." Alternative Law Journal 32, no. 3 (2007): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0703200307.
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Shestakova, Marina Vladimirovna, and Olga Konstantinovna Vikulova. "Biosimilars: presumption of guilt." Diabetes mellitus 14, no. 4 (2011): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5825.
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Some chronic systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, require the life-long use of biotechnological medical products, of which quality,effectiveness and safety depends the duration and quality of life for patients.Patent protection expiry of many original biological agents has assumed the key role in development of biosimilars (replica versions of originalbiotechnological products) and their broad entrance to the pharmaceutical market. Because of structural complexity of biological products andimpossibility of precise reproduction of patented processing, biosimilars are not ideal duplicates of original substances. Despite numerous evidence oftherapeutic nonequivalence, danger of mechanical substitution of original agents still exists in Russia due to lower price of biosimilars - and lackof legislative acts, regulating registration and circulation of such drugs.In this article we characterize biosimilars in great detail and review major problems of their use, that is: aspects of quality control; disparity withoriginal bio-agents in efficacy and safety; clinical trial requirements, registration procedures and subsequent safety control.
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Russell, Jillian. "Reflections on Guilt." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 7, no. 2 (1986): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.1986.tb01175.x.
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Cohn, Haim H. "Judicial Cognizance of Guilt-Consciousness." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001685x.
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The term “guilt” connotes many different phenomena: theology, philosophy, ethics, psychology and law all contributed to the variety of connotations. It is not my purpose, nor do I pretend to engage in etymological or anthropological research into the evolution of the various aspects and concepts of guilt: I shall try to describe and distinguish only those phenomena of guilt of which judges may have to take cognizance for the proper exercise of punitive discretion.First and foremost, there is “guilt” within the meaning of criminal law. On the one hand, guilt is spoken of as denoting the mental element in crime: the guilt of one who committed a criminal act — actus reus — presupposes the criminal mind — mens rea; or, an actus reus is transformed into guilt by the supervenience of mens rea. Whether the mens rea is intent or wilfulness, or only negligence or recklessness, does not affect the incidence of guilt, but may well raise the question of degree of guilt. On the other hand, “guilt” is the result of a verdict to the effect that the accused is criminally responsible (“finding of guilty”), and it is in this sense that the accused may “plead guilty”.
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Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran's Policy Towards Afghanistan." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (2006): 235–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.12.
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Since 1979, Iran's objectives in Afghanistan have changed as Afghanistan's domestic landscape changed. Still, Iran has consistently sought to see a stable and independent Afghanistan, with Herat as a buffer zone and with a Tehran-friendly government in Kabul, a government that reflects the rich ethnic diversity of the country. Toward those and other goals, Iran has created “spheres of influence” inside Afghanistan. During the Soviet occupation (1979-88), Iran created an “ideological sphere of influence” by empowering the Shi'ites. Iran then created a “political sphere of influence” by unifying the Dari/Persian-speaking minorities, who ascended to power. Iranian policies added fuel to the ferocious civil war in the 1990s. Astonishingly slow to recognize the threat posed by the Taliban, Iran helped create a “sphere of resistance” to counter the “Kabul-Islamabad-Riyadh” axis by supporting the Northern Alliance. Since the liberation of Afghanistan, Iran has also established an “economic sphere of influence” by engaging in the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Today, Iran's goals are to pressure the Afghan government to distance itself from Washington, and for Iran to become the hub for the transit of goods and services between the Persian Gulf and Afghanistan, Central Asia, India, and China. While Iran has been guilty of extremism and adventurism in some critical aspects of its foreign policy, its overall Afghan policy has contributed more to moderation and stability than to extremism and instability.
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Alweiss, Lilian. "Collective Guilt and Responsibility." European Journal of Political Theory 2, no. 3 (2003): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885103002003004.
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Cropsey, Seth, and Luke Zahner. "The Wages of Guilt." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 3 (1998): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20048953.
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Lukes, Steven Michael. "Guilt-Tripping the Greengrocer." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 32, no. 2 (2018): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417745132.
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Two ways of reading Havel’s classic essay are proposed. According to the first, the focus is on the peculiarities of the post-totalitarian system, inhabited by the famous greengrocer, where slogans, ritual communication, pervasive manipulation, and arbitrariness prevail and power operates as if automatic and anonymous. The lines of conflict run though each person: everyone is both victim and supporter. Comparison is made with Michel Foucault’s (early) view of power, which similarly rejected seeing power as exercised by some over others, stressing power’s anonymity and pervasiveness. For Foucault, at that stage of his thinking, however, power constitutes “regimes of truth,” whereas for Havel the “power of truth” is a force that has the potential successfully to resist and subvert domination. The power of truth is that of the greengrocer and others “living within the lie” to expose and shatter the world of appearances. Havel calls on them to end their complicity. This might seem moralistic, but Havel’s view was that under post-totalitarian conditions, morality would prove the best strategy. The second reading suggests that the post-totalitarian system is the “extreme version of technological civilization and the industrial-consumer society.” But this account of power is at odds with the first, since in this view the powerless would have no prospects of resisting and overcoming domination. Havel’s account is thus political and relevant to other political contexts, raising several empirical questions concerning the dynamics of power and the conditions for the success of morally fueled protest and normative questions concerning power and responsibility.
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ANDERSON, M. "Introduction: Guilt and Utopia." Studies in Law, Politics and Society 36 (2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-4337(05)36001-7.
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Sumiharti, Sumiharti, and Janita Debora Parapat. "ANALISIS EMOSI TOKOH LAIL PADA NOVEL HUJAN KARYA TERE LIYE." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/aksara.v3i2.140.
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The purpose of this research is to describe the emotion of Lail character in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye which consists of 7 aspects, they are; the concept of guilt, the concept of hidden guilt, punishing self, feeling of ashamed, sadness, hate, and love. This research is qualitative descripptive by using structural approach. The data of this research is verbal data in the forms of sentences from the whole story or dialog paragraphs which have emotional values on the Lain character in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye. Based on the analysis of the data, it can be found that there are 52 expressions occured from the Lail character. There is 5 expressions which represents the concept of guilt, there is 5 expressions which represents the concept of hidden guilt, 4 expressions which represents punishing self, 9 expressions which represents feeling of ashamed, 12 expressions which represents sadness, 11 expressions which represents hate, and 6 expressions which represents love. So, it can be concluded that those 7 aspects occured in the character of Lail in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye.
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Kubinjec, Janko. "About the guilt." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 74, no. 9-10 (2002): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0208203k.
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The author discusses the phenomenon of guilt from law-philosophical viewpoint and from critique of Jasper's opinions. He points on the difference between the empirical kinds of guilt (legal, ethical, political traditional) and their metaphysical fundament. On the metaphysical level the theoretical mind establishes the concept of guilt, but on the empirical level the practical mind creates the individual norms and judgments about the guilt.
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Olick, Jeffrey K. "The Guilt of Nations?" Ethics & International Affairs 17, no. 2 (2003): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00443.x.
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“What responsibility do ordinary people bear for atrocities committed in their names? According to modern democratic sensibilities, responsibility is an individual affair. The idea, as in Exodus (20:5), that the sins of the fathers could be delivered unto the third and fourth generations goes against the grain. It seems to be part of the collectivistic thinking that characterizes modernity off its rails, a pre-modern remain that produces outbursts of racism, nationalism, and genocide. That is not to say that we are not interested in accountability for political crimes. International human rights entrepreneurs have pressed for holding dictators accountable and have supported efforts to obtain reparations and other forms of redress. But we are very careful to avoid charges of “collective guilt,” which often sound more like the problem than the solution. We don't want to start a culture war or clash of civilizations!…In contrast to the Mitscherlichs, Sebald is thus very much a man of his times, free of the older orthodoxies of the West German memory wars. For decades, the politics of memory in West Germany was divided between those who feared “too much” memory and those, like Jung and the Mitscherlichs, who believed Germans needed to work through their (collective) guilt if they were to overcome the symptoms of repression. Sebald does indeed pose a strong ethical and political-cultural imperative to remember, but his lecture was controversial because the lost memory it laments is that of German suffering, which heretofore has been the rallying cry of the extreme right. In this regard, Sebald is only one example of a surprising recent interest in the memory of German suffering from the left…. How legitimate is this new interest in German suffering, previously associated with nationalist revanchism and discreditable positions? The answer depends on the purpose…”
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Mottaghi, Shekoofeh, Hanieh Poursheikhali, and Leila Shameli. "Empathy, compassion fatigue, guilt and secondary traumatic stress in nurses." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 2 (2019): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019851548.
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Background: Nurses are often faced with many stressful situations in life, including personal life challenges, the nature of work that requires standing long and being focused, commitment to patient care, and dealing with patients who need help. Research objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue in nurses due to the mediating role of feeling guilty and secondary traumatic stress. Research design: This is a descriptive-correlation study. Participants: The statistical population consisted of all the nurses in Kerman hospitals in 2017. Five hospitals were randomly selected from among the private and public hospitals in Kerman. The sample size was considered 360, but after the deletion of misleading questionnaires, the final sample of study consisted of 300 nurses. Ethical considerations: Approval from the researcher’s university Institutional Review Board for ethical review was obtained. Findings: The data analysis in this study was done through the path analysis method using the Amos software. The results showed the mediating role of omnipotent guilt between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses, the mediating role of survivor guilt between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses, and the mediating role of secondary traumatic stress between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses. Also, empathy could explain 77% of the nurses’ compassion fatigue through feelings of guilt and secondary traumatic stress. Discussion: Pathogenic empathy-based guilt and secondary traumatic stress may help explain some of the links between clinical empathy and symptoms of compassion fatigue. Conclusion: Interventions and training programs targeting pathogenic empathy-based guilt and empathic secondary traumatic stress may be particularly important to help reduce compassion fatigue.
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Robinson, Scott. "Book Review: Debt and Guilt: A Political Philosophy." Thesis Eleven 163, no. 1 (2021): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07255136211008609.
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Gold, Katherine J., Ananda Sen, and Irving Leon. "Whose Fault Is It Anyway? Guilt, Blame, and Death Attribution by Mothers After Stillbirth or Infant Death." Illness, Crisis & Loss 26, no. 1 (2017): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137317740800.
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Parents who experience stillbirth or infant death often struggle with postpartum guilt. This may be an adaptive response or can become chronic and maladaptive. We surveyed bereaved mothers in Michigan with perinatal death 15 months after loss to evaluate guilt, blame, and potential covariates. Self-report information was linked with data from State of Michigan vital records of births and deaths. Respondents included 311 mothers. Most reported guilt or self-blame at 15 months. In multinomial logistic analysis, depression and interpersonal violence predicted greater guilt. Nearly half of women blamed their medical team for the loss, and about a fifth reported feeling blamed by others. Both of these attributions were associated with greater guilt. The majority of mothers report persistent guilt after perinatal loss. Depression at either 9 or 15 months was a strong predictor of greater guilt.