Academic literature on the topic 'Political aspects of Minimum wage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Political aspects of Minimum wage"
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Suhányiová, AlĹľbeta, and Ladislav Suhányi. "SELECTED ASPECTS OF SUBSISTENCE MINIMUM IN SLOVAKIA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.968.
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The subsistence minimum is a socially recognized minimum level of income for a person; any person whose income is below this level is considered to be in material need. It is one of the key elements of socio-political interventions; in that it binds with important functions in different areas. The level of minimum wage in Slovakia has not changed for the last four years, and now, this issue is a subject of extensive discussions in professional and scientific circles. The paper describes the subsistence minimum and presents the significant legislative changes that affect the functions of the subsistence minimum. The paper analyses, examines, and evaluates the development of the subsistence minimum of: an adult natural person, of another jointly assessed adult person, of non-dependent underage children, and of dependent children – in the period from 1998 to 2016 (the present). The paper also reflects on the current situation in dealing with the issue of the subsistence minimum and its impact on selected social benefits and personal income taxes in Slovakia. The results of the research helped us to propose recommendations on the issue of setting the subsistence minimum and the whole issue as such.
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Gutsalenko, L. V., and D. O. Mokiienko. "Modern remuneration system in foreign country." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.01.040.
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The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation by states of their own minimum wage policy. It notes that there has been a positive economic change and an increase in demand among states due to increased political influence on the establishment of minimum wages. The data on the minimum wage for January 2020 has been studied and it was pointed that in 2020 Ukraine took the fifteenth place out of 54 countries in the growth rating of minimum wages in the world. Moreover, the main components of the system used at enterprises to provide incentives and increase productivity of employees have been determined. It is also noted that in some foreign countries there is a tendency to regulate and establish maximum wages of intellectual workers. The article gives a comparative analysis of wages of intellectual workers versus manual workers; and it indicates that the wages of intellectual workers are on average higher than wages of manual workers: in Germany – by 20%; in Italy and Denmark — by 22 %; in Luxembourg — by 44 %; in France and Belgium — by 61 %. In comparison with qualified workers, craftsmen earn more: in Germany – by 15%; in the Netherlands — by 23 %, in France— by 30 %, in Belgium — by 40 %. In the United States, lower-level executives (craftsmen, group and sector leaders) have an annual income on average 1.5 times higher than an annual income of manual workers. The article points out that foreign countries tend to use and combine various remuneration systems, each of which consists of two parts: basic (permanent) and additional (variable). It has been suggested to improve and develop new approaches to provide incentives for employees of domestic enterprises that will have a positive impact on their performance.
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Leijten, Ingrid. "The German Right to anExistenzminimum, Human Dignity, and the Possibility of Minimum Core Socioeconomic Rights Protection." German Law Journal 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200019416.
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Due to the financial crisis, European states are struggling to make both ends meet and comply with budgetary requirements, This results in cutting pensions and the public wage bill, as well as in phasing out subsidies and other forms of assistance, Although welfare state arrangements have become more limited in the past several decades, especially now, in these times of austerity, it is worth asking how far states can go in limiting social welfare programs, On the one hand, it can be said that there need to be fundamental rights-based limits to the legitimate phasing out or cutting down of existing arrangements to ensure that a minimum level of social arrangements is at all times guaranteed. On the other hand, it is hard to curtail the legislature's freedom by setting such limits, as the political sensitivity, technical aspects, and budgetary implications of social measures seemingly do not allow for too much fundamental rights rhetoric.
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Voznyak, Halyna, and Iryna Zherebylo. "Social aspects of Ukrainian economy development: current state and new challenges." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 5(139) (2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-5-5.
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Modern changes in the economy of Ukraine caused by the socio-political situation in the country as well as a number of initiated reforms encourage scientific exploration of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct a problem-oriented analysis of the social component of the economy of Ukraine. The article presents the results of a study of socio-economic development of Ukraine during the past five years. The following areas of analysis were selected: labor markets, poverty, unemployment, income / expenditures of the population. Low growth rates of the subsistence level are proven to be causing a decrease in social standards, which negatively affects the living standards of the population in Ukraine; a significant drop in real income of the population in 2014-2015 aggravated the purchasing power of the population; the increase in the share of wages and social benefits in the structure of the population's income during the analyzed period is an indication of the excessive dependence of the population's well-being on state support, as well as the absence of the so-called middle class in the country. The visible growth in the unemployment rate is caused by the military actions in the East of Ukraine, the deepening of the financial and economic crisis and the deterioration of the socio-political situation in the country. Emphasis is placed on differentiation in wages in economic sectors. Low level of the average salary in the budget sphere is proven to be caused by the peculiarities of calculating the size of the minimum salary on the basis of the subsistence minimum, which ultimately leads to the “depreciation” of the work of employees of the budgetary sphere and the reduction of the cost of highly skilled labor. Challenges to further development of Ukraine have been identified, such as excessive unemployment, poor level of remuneration, the level of social protection, military conflict in Eastern Ukraine among the key ones.
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Ram, Monder, Paul Edwards, Trevor Jones, and Maria Villares-Varela. "From the informal economy to the meaning of informality." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2017): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2016-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess ways in which informality can be understood and reviews an emerging area of management scholarship. The origins and nature of informality are discussed with the aid of two different theoretical tools: “workplace sociology” (WS) and “mixed embeddedness” (ME). Design/methodology/approach The analysis is grounded in empirical material reflecting different aspects of informality mainly within the ethnic economy, such as a study on the implementation of the National Minimum Wage regulations (Ram et al., 2007; Jones et al., 2004, 2006). Findings The authors argue that the combination of WS and ME provides a valuable means of content and character of informality. It can also help to explaining variations and patterns within the informal economy, as well as understanding new forms of informality in the ethnic economy and beyond in “superdiverse” contexts. Originality/value This paper bridges two different theoretical approaches to explain the interactions between the firm and state regulations, as well as the workplace relations between employer and employees.
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Harb, Mustafa. "Theoretical Framework of Democratic Transition: Mechanisms of Democratization." Grani 23, no. 6-7 (August 30, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172065.
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Democratic transition from authoritarian rule has been an important focus of scholarly interest since 1970s. The democratic transition literature presented many concepts, theoretical arguments, methodological and analytical approaches to tackle with this phenomenon. This huge academic accumulation came in conjunction with what was called the third wave of democratization which started in the mid-seventies beginning from southern Europe, and extended during the decades of the eighties and nineties to include many countries around the globe. Democratic transition can be defined as a political process of establishing or enlarging the possibility of democratic participation and liberalization. This process reflects the redistribution of power between the state and the civil society. It is accompanied by the appearance of different centers of power and the introduction of the political debate. The article concentrates on the mechanisms which lead to the consensus between political actors which perform this democratic transformation. Democratic transition thus always requires a mechanism of negotiations, political talks, facilitating compromises between authoritarian politicians and democratic opposition and engendering a minimum level of trust between these parties. The strategy of political compromise has a major impact on the stability of society during the democratic transition period. This article addresses the concept of democratic transition alongside with general theories of democratization and the emergence of democratic transition studies. It focuses on some aspects in explaining the democratic transition theory. The negotiations, political talks and their impact on democratic transitions are also explored by the author. The article specifies the ways and methods through which the democratic transition is taking place in the global world.
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Skidmore, Paul. "Enforcing the Minimum Wage." Journal of Law and Society 26, no. 4 (December 1999): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00135.
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Henly, Julia R., Susan J. Lambert, and Laura Dresser. "The New Realities of Working-Class Jobs: Employer Practices, Worker Protections, and Employee Voice to Improve Job Quality." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 695, no. 1 (May 2021): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162211028130.
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Over the last 40 years, changing employer practices have introduced instability and insecurity into working-class jobs, limiting the voice that employees have in their own employment and deteriorating overall job quality. In the decade after the Great Recession, slow but sustained economic growth benefitted workers in terms of generally higher employment and wages and reductions in involuntary part-time work. But we show that in that same period, other aspects of working-class jobs changed in ways that were less advantageous to workers. We examine recent, troubling trends in nonstandard employment, precarious scheduling practices, and employer labor violations, arguing that without the introduction of policies that rebalance terms of employment toward worker interests, an economic recovery alone is unlikely to reverse the overall trend toward reductions in job quality. We argue for federal-level policies that expand public insurance programs, establish minimum standards of job quality, and include avenues for collective employee voice in employment and public policy debates. Such strategies have potential to improve job quality.
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Devine, Joel A., and James D. Wright. "Minimum wage, maximum hokum." Society 27, no. 5 (July 1990): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02698731.
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Adams, Zoe. "UNDERSTANDING THE MINIMUM WAGE: POLITICAL ECONOMY AND LEGAL FORM." Cambridge Law Journal 78, no. 1 (March 2019): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197318001009.
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AbstractThis article explores how the legal system has constructed, over time, the concept of the “wage”. Drawing on insights from classical political economy it contrasts a conception of the wage as the cost of social reproduction (a “social wage”), with the neoclassical notion of the wage as the price of a commodity (a “market wage”) that we see embedded in legal and political discourse today. Drawing on historical sources, it explores how these competing ideas of the wage have been reconstructed in juridical language in case law and legislation over time, exploring at the same time the impact of this process on the relationship between minimum wages and tax credits. This analysis is then used to shed light on the conception of the wage embedded in the National Minimum Wage Act 1998, providing a critical re-evaluation of the “National Living Wage” introduced in 2016.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political aspects of Minimum wage"
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Lam, Cheuk-ho Raymond, and 林焯豪. "Labor politics in Hong Kong: a case study on minimum wages legislation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38283591.
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WONG, Ngai Chiu. "Newspaper portrayal and legislative voting process : a case study of statutory minimum wage in Hong Kong." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/pol_etd/14.
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Statuary Minimum Wage (SMW) has been discussed for 13 years in post-colonial Hong Kong and was finally legislated for in 2010. Scholars have attempted to explain how and why SMW was legislated for in post-colonial Hong Kong. They have argued that the growing public demand for the legislation created huge pressure for legislators. Even though previous studies have provided explanations for how the policy was made, they have failed to articulate two fundamental questions: how the Legislative Council lawmakers took notice of the problem of working poor and the need to vote in favor of SMW in Hong Kong? These are important steps that might influence lawmakers’ voting actions. Studies of legislative voting processes and policy-making processes indicate that if lawmakers fail to take notice of a problem or the need to change, they will not then initiate any policy reform or vote in favor with the proposed policies.
This thesis makes an attempt to remedy the weaknesses of previous research. It is assumed that the newspapers in Hong Kong acted as storytellers that facilitated the lawmakers in the city - identifying the problem of working poor and the need to vote in favor with the legislation of SMW. The study also pays attention to a specific question of why lawmakers changed their positions regarding SMW while they oversaw the issues with working poor and minimum wage legislation. The thesis assumes that the local newspapers’ portrayals of SMW might influence the lawmakers’ positions.
Firstly, the research findings show that selected newspapers preferred positive themes to negative themes when discussing SMW since 2004. Before 2004, SMW portrayals were diverse. Secondly, the research findings show that the interaction between the readers’ attention to the issues and the newspapers’ attention to those issues were mutual. On the one hand, while the readers’ attention to the issue of SMW increased, the number of reports made by the newspapers on the subject increased - and vice versa. On the other hand, the newspapers successfully attracted and maintained their readers’ attention to SMW via their reporting techniques.
Additionally, the research findings point out that the newspapers had an important role in affecting lawmakers’ voting actions to SMW. They show that lawmakers would take notice of the needs for the legislation of SMW via the newspapers’ reports and hence re-evaluated their positions regarding the case.
Last but not least, the research findings show that there was a correlation between newspaper portrayals and the voting behavior of lawmakers. In general, the three major political parties in Hong Kong – Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong, Democratic Party and Liberal Party – changed their positions after the publication of newspaper articles addressing the parties’ consideration for the legislation of the minimum wage.
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Hilton, Nicholas S. "The Determinants of Municipal Minimum Wage Ordinances: An Analysis of 100 Large Cities from 2012-2017." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7649.
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The city of Seattle, Washington made headlines in 2014 when its city council enacted the highest minimum wage in the history of the United States. The ruling appeared to begin a trend as similar policies began diffusing in cities across the country. In reality, however, municipal minimum wage ordinances have existed since the early 1990’s. Yet, despite over two decade’s worth of data on the subject, little research has been conducted to understand the characteristics that influence cities to enact minimum wages in the first place. This study contributes to our understanding of the predictors of minimum wage ordinances by retesting prior variables of significance over a more recent time period, while also introducing a new set of variables to the literature. I find that cities with an increased percentage of residents with bachelor’s degrees face an increased likelihood for future policy adoption. Additionally, I find that some age demographics may be significant predictors in future studies of minimum wage.
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Oliveira, Alison Pablo de. "Choques no mercado de trabalho e a redução recente dos diferenciais salariais: um estudo das microrregiões brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-24032016-125033/.
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Está dissertação apresenta uma análise dos mecanismos por trás do equilíbrio entre demanda e oferta por mão de obra qualificada no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. São estimados os impactos de choques exógenos ao mercado de trabalho como: (i) abertura comercial chinesa, (ii) política recente de valorização do salário mínimo e (iii) aumento da oferta de mão de obra qualificada sobre os diferenciais salariais dos trabalhadores de diferentes níveis educacionais - também conhecidos como prêmio da educação. Como estratégia metodológica, os dados dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010, foram agrupados para cada uma das 530 microrregiões brasileiras tornando possível a eliminação de possíveis vieses causados por fatores intrínsecos a cada uma das microrregiões. Além disso, também foram utilizados os dados de comércio internacional - entre Brasil/China e China/demais países - disponíveis na base da UN Comtrade. As importações e exportações foram agrupadas em setores e os respectivos choques distribuídos entre as microrregiões do país proporcionalmente à porcentagem da mão de obra de cada setor empregada no local. Os resultados encontrados mostram que, ao contrário do sendo comum, o boom comercial chinês não foi um dos principais determinantes da melhora recente da distribuição salarial no Brasil. Os modelos estimados apontaram para efeitos significativos do salário mínimo sobre o diferencial dos trabalhadores semiqualificados e do aumento da oferta de trabalhadores com ensino superior sobre os diferenciais salariais dos trabalhadores qualificados.This thesis presents an analysis of the mechanisms behind the balance between supply and demand for skilled labor in the Brazilian labor market. Its estimated impacts of exogenous shocks to the labor market as: (i) Chinese trade boom, (ii) minimum wage valorization policy and (iii) the increase in skilled labor supply. As a methodological strategy, data from Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 were grouped for each of the 530 Brazilian micro-regions making it possible to eliminate biases caused by intrinsic factors of each of the micro-regions. Furthermore, the UN Comtrade international trade data were also used. Imports and exports were grouped into sectors and their shock distributed among the country\'s micro-regions in proportion to the percentage of the workforce employed in each sector in region. The results show that the China\'s trade boom is not a major determinant of the recent improvement of the wage distribution in Brazil. The estimated models pointed to significant effects of the minimum wage on the differential of semi-skilled workers and the increased supply of workers with higher education on the wage gap of skilled workers
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Benjamin, Sampson Evelyn. "Contribuição socioeconômica dos trabalhadores domésticos e suas condições de trabalho = o caso de Gana." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285942.
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Orientador: Alexandre Gori MaiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BenjaminSampson_Evelyn_M.pdf: 1203261 bytes, checksum: e11d34bf7a0eb6b41fb9faca572f3b49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Há uma força de trabalho cuja presença, contribuição e impacto no desenvolvimento socio-econômico não pode ser negado em nenhum lugar do mundo, embora haja pouco ou nenhum reconhecimento. Em função disso, em muitos casos, esses trabalhadores sofrem negligência e condições de trabalho inaceitáveis: os trabalhadores domésticos. Vindos de um background de trabalho familiar não pago e servidão que engloba acompanhamento (de crianças a idosos) e faxina, pessoas que se encontram neste trabalho - normalmente mulheres de famílias pobres - são comumente não consideradas como trabalhadores que merecem tratamento decente e direitos básicos no trabalho como todos os outros trabalhadores. Nas décadas recentes, em países avançados, a participação das mulheres na força de trabalho aumentou em muitas economias. Este período é caracterizado por alterações nos arranjos de trabalho e intensidade de trabalho e o sempre declinante Estado de Bem Estar Social, no qual as provisões do estado considerando serviços sociais estão escassos. A importância dos trabalhadores domésticos em tais circunstâncias - ambos nativos ou migrantes - não pode ser exagerado. De fato, serve como base para muitas economias ao redor do mundo. No entanto, pouco tem sido feito para melhorar e minimizar os desafios que esses trabalhadores enfrentam, como remuneração baixa, falta de proteção social, exploração, discriminação, trabalho infantil, tráfico de seres humanos, desregulação, abuso sexual, entre outros abusos. Gana é um dos países onde o trabalho doméstico é cada vez mais comum e estabelecido, mas não sem os desafios mencionados acima, em especial o trabalho infantil. No contexto de um país em desenvolvimento como Gana, o Estado dificilmente oferece soluções para famílias que permitiria que as pessoas trabalhassem fora de suas casas com tranquilidade. Muito precisa ser feito no intuito de promover condições de trabalho decentes para os trabalhadores domésticos
Abstract: There is a workforce whose presence, contributions and impact on socio-economic development cannot be denied anywhere they are found in the world, in spite of no or little recognition accorded them in several places - domestic workers. In many cases, they suffer neglect and unacceptable working conditions due to lack of adequate recognition of their presence as well as the value of their work to societies and economies. Coming from a background of unpaid family work and servitude that entails care-giving and housekeeping, people who find themselves in this work - often women and from poorer backgrounds - are usually not considered as workers that deserve decent treatment and basic rights at work like all other workers. In recent decades, in advanced and developing countries, women's labor force participation is increasing in many economies. This very period is characterized by changes in work arrangement, intensity of work in the face of ever declining welfare state where provisions of the state concerning care as well as social services are lagging. The importance of domestic workers in such circumstances - both as nationals or migrants- cannot be overemphasized. Indeed, paid domestic work is serving as a backbone to many economies worldwide. Notwithstanding, not much have been done to improve upon challenges they face that include low remunerations, lack of social protection, exploitation, de juro and de facto discrimination, child labor, human trafficking, unregulated agencies, sexual harassment and other abuses. Ghana is one of the countries where domestic employment is increasingly prevalent - but not without challenges such as mentioned above, especially child labor. In the context of a developing country like Ghana, the state hardly provides solutions for household concerns to enable people work outside households in tranquility. This makes domestic workers important partners for development of Ghana. However, a lot needs to be done in order to promote decent working conditions for domestic workers
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Grimbeek, Linda. "Die implikasie van 'n minimumloon vasstelling vir die landbousektor in die Noordwes-provinsie / Linda Grimbeek." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1688.
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Poverty is a significant world wide issue. Although literature on the impact of a
minimum wage in the agricultural sector is rather limited, previous empirical research
shows that employment was reduced with the implementation of a minimum wage.
The following questions are studied:
- Does the implementation of a minimum wage have any effect on employment
in the agricultural sector of the North-West province?
- Is there any relation between poverty and unemployment?
- Does the implementation of a minimum wage and sectoral determination have
any impact on social-economic issues.
The empirical study is carried out by way of a questionnaire from which responses
are investigated. A random sample was used to evaluate the effect of a minimum
wage on employment and social-economic factors in the North-West province. The
target population includes all the affiliated members of Agri North-West. This group is
negative about labour laws and experiences that the implementation of a minimum
wage has a negative effect on employment.
The agricultural sector provides many job opportunities in South Africa. Seeing that a
minimum wage has a negative impact on employment in the North-West province,
further research is recommended.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Hernández-Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel. "Why not Mexico? Policy Recommendations for a Globally-Oriented Economic Strategy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1968.
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Mexico, one of the world’s largest economies and an increasingly relevant actor in international affairs, is at a crucial point in defining its future policy course. Given the uncertainty surrounding the global economy, as well as the political situation in Mexico, it is important to have a clear vision for policy going forward. This thesis offers a foundation for a national economic strategy with a long-term vision, upon which future administrations can build as appropriate to maximize on the country’s economic potential. The task is undertaken through a three-part approach. First, a thorough and analytical overview of the country’s economic history provides context and lessons from which to learn. Second, key economic issues to be addressed are identified through an evaluation of the current context and economic outlook. Finally, an evaluation of successful policy implementation, domestically and abroad, provides a basis that can be adapted to address the issues identified as they affect Mexico. The result is a series of six policy recommendations along two axes aimed at tackling the aforementioned key issues. These recommendations are by no means exhaustive, nor are they meant to be. The expectation is that they may serve to align national policy to global economic trends, underlying a plausible strategy to realize Mexico’s productive potential.
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Barone, Anthony J. "State Level Earned Income Tax Credit’s Effects on Race and Age: An Effective Poverty Reduction Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/771.
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In this paper, I analyze the effectiveness of state level Earned Income Tax Credit programs on improving of poverty levels. I conducted this analysis for the years 1991 through 2011 using a panel data model with fixed effects. The main independent variables of interest were the state and federal EITC rates, minimum wage, gross state product, population, and unemployment all by state. I determined increases to the state EITC rates provided only a slight decrease to both the overall white below-poverty population and the corresponding white childhood population under 18, while both the overall and the under-18 black population for this category realized moderate decreases in their poverty rates for the same time period. I also provide a comparison of the effectiveness of the state level EITCs and minimum wage at the state level over the same time period on these select demographic groups.
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Yun-Shiang, Shiu, and 許雲翔. "The Political Economy of Taiwan''s Minimum Wage Policy." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49480974088201196848.
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Siegel, Ryan. "Three essays on constrained markets." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30179.
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The three essays in this dissertation progressively answer the following questions: (a) How important are constraints? (b) Who benefits from removing constraints? (c) When does a constraint for a single market predominantly affect closely related markets? These questions are applied in the context of time, weather, and minimum wage constraints, respectively.
The first essay demonstrates that constraints matter. A data envelopment analysis capacity utilization methodology is used to measure impacts on sales from a sequential relaxation of the time and income constraints. Using a subsample bootstrap to estimate confidence intervals, results show that time matters more than income, particularly in fall and winter when other activities compete for gardening time.
The second essay shows that the poor are least likely to gain from the relaxation of non-income constraints. A theory of demand is developed in which consumers face multiple constraints. Then, a structural model is used to econometrically estimate the effect of global warming on demand, using nursery data on flowering plants. The model shows that there exists a tipping point around 64 degrees Fahrenheit, above which demand ceases to be climate-constrained.
The third essay shows that a constraint in a single market can sometimes have more profound consequences on other, more distantly related markets. First, it is proven that if a series of markets are structured like a chain-- where only own and neighboring prices matter--then a shock to one market decreases with distance. The case of minimum wages in Oregon is investigated using a large panel dataset for all workers in Oregon using a first difference econometric model. It is determined that the ripple effects of the minimum have even larger effects on higher-wage earners, disconfirming the chain pattern. High substitutions between low and high wage groups may explain the pattern.
Altogether the essays further the understanding of constraints to demonstrate that (a) constraints significantly affect economic outcomes, (b) if one constraint is lifted, those individuals alternately-constrained are left behind from any benefits, and (c) constraints to a single market may have unintended and sometimes larger effects on 'farther' markets.Graduation date: 2012
Books on the topic "Political aspects of Minimum wage"
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Lemos, Sara. Political variables as instruments for the minimum wage. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.
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Neumark, David. Living wages: Protection for or protection from low-wage workers? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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Adams, Scott J. When do living wages bite? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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National Centre for Economic Management and Administration (Nigeria), ed. The political economy of minimum wage in Nigeria. Ibadan, Ngeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 2005.
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Goldberg, Michael A. Raising the floor: The social and economic benefits of minimum wages in Canada. Vancouver, B.C: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, BC Office, 1999.
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Gindling, T. H. Minimum wages, inequality and globalization. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.
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Neumark, David. The effects of minimum wages throughout the wage distribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
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Simon, Kosali Ilayperuma. Do minimum wages affect non-wage job attributes?: Evidence on fringe benefits and working conditions. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
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Katz, Lawrence F. The effect of the minimum wage on the fast food industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.
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Jan, Dluhosch Eric, ed. The minimum dwelling =: L'habitation minimum = Die Kleinstwohnung : the housing crisis, housing reform ... Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Political aspects of Minimum wage"
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Stabile, Donald. "Collective Bargaining, Social Insurance, and the Minimum Wage: A Program for a Living Wage." In The Political Economy of a Living Wage, 229–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32473-9_7.
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Klein, Fabian. "The Influence of the Expert Discourse on Political Actors." In The Role of Scientific Expertise in Minimum Wage Policy Making, 135–76. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32746-0_6.
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Smith, Etienne. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Senegalese Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 289–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_17.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the main areas of engagement of the state of Senegal with its diaspora. In the first part, it looks at the main institutions and policies geared towards the diaspora. In the second part, the chapter focuses specifically on diaspora policies in the area of social protection (unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, guaranteed minimum resources). If Senegal falls in the category of pioneer countries for some aspects of emigration policies (ministerial institutions, external voting, political representation), its policy for the diaspora in the field of social protection is rather scanty. As a developing country facing many structural economic issues, scaling up social protection in the homeland remains the top priority for the Government, relegating social protection for the diaspora as a secondary policy concern for now. Recent governmental policies towards the diaspora have focused primarily on tapping the resources of the diaspora in order to increase its contribution to economic development and facilitate productive investment by Senegalese abroad in their home country.
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Caughey, Devin. "Public Opinion in South and Nation." In The Unsolid South, 35–66. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181806.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the political attitudes of the Southern mass public in the wake of the Great Depression and the New Deal. Taking advantage of hundreds of public opinion polls conducted beginning in the mid-1930s, the chapter documents Southern whites' collective turn against many aspects of the New Deal as well as their persistent ideological diversity on economic issues. The chapter illustrates these developments with a focus on four policy areas: old-age pensions, minimum wages, union security agreements, and income taxation. It then summarizes these patterns using a dynamic group-level item response theory (IRT) model, which estimates the economic conservatism of demographic subpopulations in each state and year. Based on this and other evidence, the chapter argues that the South's turn to the right was driven partly by the increasingly urban and union-oriented character of New Deal liberalism, which alienated rural areas throughout the nation, and partly by white Southerners' growing sense of threat to their region's system of racial hierarchy.
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Hirsch, Donald. "Establishing a national standard: the role of the UK’s Minimum Income Standard in policy and practice." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 307–18. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0021.
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This chapter promotes the UK Minimum Income Standards (MIS) as a benchmark in social policy and practice. It explains how the MIS research continues to have a strong influence over social policy debates in Britain and exposes the inadequacy of the national minimum wage that helped fuel the campaign for a “living wage.” It also features MIS as a key element in the new Scottish measure of fuel poverty. The chapter observes how MIS has not been taken up by governments as a standard for setting or targeting minimum incomes in terms of social protection. It observes that it will require a major political commitment to redistribution if the British government were to adopt MIS.
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Nattrass, Nicoli, and Jeremy Seekings. "The Political Economy of Upgrading." In Inclusive Dualism, 139–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841463.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 argues that the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers Union (SACTWU) strategy was complicated by its dual role as a trade union and investment manager. Having taken advantage of investment opportunities provided through ‘black economic empowerment policies’ to grow substantial financial assets and later also direct investments in the clothing manufacturing industry, the union, in effect, was both a representative of labour as well as a capitalist. Its political connections meant that it was well positioned to take advantage of subsidies. The incentives and opportunities facing SACTWU were consistent with a union strategy to have a smaller body of better-paid workers rather than growing its membership of lower-wage workers through labour-intensive job creation. SACTWU is suspicious of the growth of workers’ co-operatives (seeing them as sham and designed solely to avoid minimum wage regulation). We argue that the potential for workers’ co-operatives to generate more transparent and inclusive productive and distributional practices is exciting and consistent with inclusive dualism.
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Frowe, Helen. "10. War and intervention." In Issues in Political Theory. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199680436.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the main theoretical approaches to war and the circumstances under which it is permissible to wage war. War is one of the most morally difficult, and morally pressing, aspects of human existence. It nearly always involves killing and maiming on a vast scale. Despite its destructive nature, and despite the rise of rights talk on the international stage and the spread of democracy across large parts of the world, war persists. The chapter first considers the just war tradition and alternatives to just war theory before discussing two theoretical approaches to the ethics of war: collectivism and individualism. It also explores three principles that govern the fighting of war: jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus post bellum. A case study on Afghanistan and the ‘war on terror’ is presented, along with Key Thinkers boxes featuring Michael Walzer and Jeff McMahan.
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Garzón, María Teresa Ramírez. "Social Responsibility of SMEs With Respect to Compensation." In Handbook of Research on Intrapreneurship and Organizational Sustainability in SMEs, 182–200. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3543-0.ch009.
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The main purpose of this chapter is to ponder the compensation system that characterizes SMEs the most, both internationally and in Colombia, and to know about social responsibility regarding compensation. To reach this objective, a trip is made through the history of salaries worldwide up to compensation in Colombia, when the minimum legal wage in force is defined. Social responsibility in a compensation system is pondered and the forms that characterize compensation in organizations, mainly in SMEs, are described. It is concluded, among other aspects, that incentives for performance is the way used by SMEs to compensate their collaborators, specially their CEOs.
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Lafer, Gordon. "Populist Pushback and the Shrinking of Democracy." In The One Percent Solution. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501703065.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter examines the political dynamics that pit growing populist sentiment against increasing corporate dominance, particularly at the state level. It explains what the corporate agenda is not, arguing that the same corporate lobbies that are leading the charge against public employee unions are also at the forefront of the campaign against issues such as minimum wage, entitlements to overtime or sick leave, and occupational safety. It discusses the pattern of business-backed legislation, highlighting the many contradictions in the corporate agenda. It also considers how the success of the corporate lobbies has contributed to economic decline and political turmoil. Finally, it assesses public opinion against the business elites' platform as well as corporate lobbies' efforts to protect their privilege by attempting to shrink the scope of democracy; for example, by supporting preemption statutes.
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Smith, Ian, Aaron Baker, and Owen Warnock. "5. The Regulation of Terms and Conditions At Work." In Smith & Wood's Employment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198793243.003.0005.
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This chapter addresses a number of legislative regimes creating rights that affect the balance between work and life outside of work. Specifically, the discussion focuses on rights to a guaranteed minimum wage; to rest breaks, paid leave, and a maximum 48-hour working week; to maternity, paternity, adoption, and other parental leave; and to request flexible working arrangements. Although not all of these rights can claim work–life balance as their original policy driver, they have come to be seen as representing a loosely coherent programme for ensuring that the process of earning a living does not preclude any worker from enjoying other aspects of life, especially family life. The chapter considers, singly, each of these work–life rights, and the policies and legislation behind them. Gender inequality forms a central theme of the chapter, noting that many work–life balance problems flow from unequal gender norms in the home, and that legislation should be judged according to how forthrightly it tackles these inequalities.
Conference papers on the topic "Political aspects of Minimum wage"
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Prizevoite, Ilze, and Gunta Grinberga-Zalite. "Remuneration system elements' impact on the performance of the teachers of general education institutions in the regions of Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.018.
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The authors of the article present the results of a study on the evaluation of the remuneration and performance of teachers in general education institutions in the regions of Latvia, which is a topical issue in the implementation of education system reforms. The aim of the study was to find out the opinion of teachers working in general education institutions about the factors influencing work performance, paying special attention to the regional aspects of this problem. The study used quantitative research methods through an extensive online survey. The questionnaire identified the following factors influencing teachers' performance: financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration, organizational culture and politics. The opinion of teachers was analysed in depth by regions of Latvia. The results show that in all regions of Latvia the performance of teachers is most significantly influenced by financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration and organizational culture are also important, but political presence plays an insignificant role. The results also revealed that in all regions (least in Riga and Pieriga) the increase of the minimum monthly wage rate of teachers or the wage is not the determining factor that would increase the performance of teachers. Key words: education performance, regional development, regional disparities.