To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Political aspects of Resource allocation.
Journal articles on the topic 'Political aspects of Resource allocation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Political aspects of Resource allocation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lei, Xiaoli. "Resource Sharing Algorithm of Ideological and Political Course Based on Random Forest." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8765166.
Full textAbstract:
Three aspects of the system’s online resource distribution and application are built around subject, object, and intermediary resources. The invention relates to a method for allocating resources based on the random forest algorithm. The resource allocation process entails the following steps: constructing a mathematical model of the resource allocation process, defining a mathematical model of the resource allocation process for the target object, and designing the cost function. The training data set for random forest is constructed using the classification concept. It is based on the mathematical model of resource allocation and cost function. Generation of random forests and prediction of target objects are based on historical data. Resource allocation steps are based on predictive structure. The invention provides a resource allocation method that satisfies task completion degree constraints and includes a resource allocation algorithm based on random forest with a high probability of finding an optimal solution. It also addresses the issue that intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms are prone to fall into local optimum.
2
Regier, H. A., and A. P. Grima. "Fishery Resource Allocation: An Exploratory Essay." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-109.
Full textAbstract:
In Canada our approach to the management of fish resources and their habitats has been in turmoil for several decades, especially during the past decade. That many direct and indirect users of the aquatic ecosystems have been and are continuing to make improper use of them is widely recognized by the public and in formal government policies. Some of the improprieties have been reduced while others are intensifying. How to reduce all improprieties and how to foster meliorative husbandry are being addressed with respect to ecological, social, economic, and political aspects of the man–nature ecosystem. Reconsideration of all rights to the use of fish and their habitats, where the "rights" may be de jure and formally sanctioned, or de facto and informally accepted or imagined and illegal, is leading to proposals that legitimate rights be clarified and be allocated in more explicit and open ways. As allocative devices both the market system and processes of community-level negotiation are being developed further, and the centralized administrative (or bureaucratic) device is being reformed to accommodate the greater use of complementary devices. These issues are here explored with respect to intrajurisdictional problems and opportunities in Canada.
3
Ganjali, N., and C. Guney. "GIS AND GAME THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-215-2017.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, aspects of Game theory and its application on water resources management combined with GIS techniques are detailed. First, each term is explained and the advantages and limitations of its aspect is discussed. Then, the nature of combinations between each pair and literature on the previous studies are given. Several cases were investigated and results were magnified in order to conclude with the applicability and combination of GIS- Game Theory- Water Resources Management. It is concluded that the game theory is used relatively in limited studies of water management fields such as cost/benefit allocation among users, water allocation among trans-boundary users in water resources, water quality management, groundwater management, analysis of water policies, fair allocation of water resources development cost and some other narrow fields. Also, Decision-making in environmental projects requires consideration of trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts and is often complicated by various stakeholder views. Most of the literature on water allocation and conflict problems uses traditional optimization models to identify the most efficient scheme while the Game Theory, as an optimization method, combined GIS are beneficial platforms for agent based models to be used in solving Water Resources Management problems in the further studies.
4
Qin, Jianan, Xiang Fu, Shaoming Peng, Yuni Xu, Jie Huang, and Sha Huang. "Asymmetric Bargaining Model for Water Resource Allocation over Transboundary Rivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101733.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable transboundary water governance is often challenged by conflicts between agents, which necessitates the design of cooperative and self-enforcing alternatives to facilitate equitable water distribution. The Nash bargaining approach, which originated from game theory, could offer a good mathematical framework to simulate strategic interactions among involved agents by considering individual rational benefits. Given that river-sharing problems often involve multiple self-interested agents, the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution (ANBS) could be used to describe agents’ powers, as determined by disparate social, economic, and political as well as military status, and ensure win–win strategies based on individual rationality. This paper proposed an asymmetric bargaining model by combining multi-criteria decision making, bankruptcy theory, and the ANBS for water distribution in the transboundary river context. The Euphrates River Basin (ERB) with three littoral states was used as a case study. Turkey has the highest bargaining power in ERB negotiation since it dominates in terms of economic strength, political influence, and military capacity, whereas in the two downstream countries these aspects are limited due to their internal political fragmentation and weaker military status. The water satisfaction percentages of Turkey, Syria, and Iraq under the best alternative are 96.30%, 84.23%, and 40.88%, respectively. The findings highlight the necessity for synthetically considering the agent’s disagreement utility and asymmetrical power when negotiating over water allocation.
5
Shaibu, Sheila, Rachel Wangari Kimani, Constance Shumba, Rose Maina, Eunice Ndirangu, and Isabel Kambo. "Duty versus distributive justice during the COVID-19 pandemic." Nursing Ethics 28, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733021996038.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in inadequately prioritized healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. In this prolonged pandemic, nurses and midwives working at the frontline face multiple ethical problems, including their obligation to care for their patients and the risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Despite the frequency of emergencies in Africa, there is a paucity of literature on ethical issues during epidemics. Furthermore, nursing regulatory bodies in African countries such as Kenya have primarily adopted a Western code of ethics that may not reflect the realities of the healthcare systems and cultural context in which nurses and midwives care for patients. In this article, we discuss the tension between nurses’ and midwives’ duty of care and resource allocation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to clarify nurses’ and midwives’ rights and responsibilities, especially in the current political setting, limited resources, and ambiguous professional codes of ethics that guide their practice.
6
Yevjevich, Vujica. "Effects of area and time horizons in comprehensive and integrated water resources management." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0253.
Full textAbstract:
Four concepts are defined for water resources systems: comprehensive management, integrated management, area horizons and time horizons. Five phases in development of water resources are: initial phase of modest demand (water transferred only in space), intense developmental phase (water transferred in both space and time), water transfer among the adjacent areas, water re-allocation phase, and the phase of developmental maturity. The comprehensive management incorporates the external social, economic, environmental, financial and political influences by specifying the goals to be attained. The concept of water resources supersystem, as a set of dependent systems, is introduced. The integrating management means incorporating a set of purposes as the internal aspects of resource management. They are realized by economic, social, environmental and other optimizations of the well defined objective functions. Objectives are fulfilled by matching supply and demand. Thus a triad of goals-purposes-objectives is defined. Three basic area horizons for a system are: the main system area, the adjacent physically-interacting area, and the surrounding areas interacting through water or power demand. Five time horizons of effects on systems are: period of economic life, period of physical life, horizon of obsolescence, period of full allocation of available water, and period during which significant climatic changes have occurred.
7
Ilyashenko, V. V. "Financial and economic aspects of corporate social responsibility." SHS Web of Conferences 89 (2020): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208907002.
Full textAbstract:
The article shows the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in ensuring sustainable development of the country. The types of CSR and its features in various states are considered. The author describes the economy of the Russian Federation and its impact on the system of corporate social responsibility in the country. The high profitability of resource-extractive industries and their use of the country’s national wealth defines their special role in CSR not only towards their employees through wages and the allocation of social benefits from profit, but also to the society. It is shown that the established country’s political system significantly influences the possibility of implementing a system of corporate social responsibility. The author characterizes the significant regulatory and stimulating role of the state in social development through taxation and the structure of government spending. When assessing the financial conditions of CSR, the author analyses the impact of capital outflow on its development. Corporate social responsibility also includes the responsibility of organizations to the environment. The author provides a rating assessment of Russian oil and gas, mining and metallurgical companies openness in terms of environmental responsibility.
8
Weis, Lael K. "Resources and the Property Rights Curse." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 28, no. 1 (January 2015): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2015.23.
Full textAbstract:
This paper offers a critical appraisal of the growing body of philosophical work on questions of justice in the exploitation of natural resources. It argues that failure to treat property as a distinct set of considerations from those of distributive justice has led to an impoverished philosophical analysis. Moreover, it demonstrates how a property-based approach contributes to a more complete view of the interests at stake in resource exploitation by drawing attention to aspects of human relationships with the physical environment that cannot be captured through the allocation of wealth, such as environmental and cultural integrity. The reason that philosophers have not, by and large, appreciated this contribution rests on mistaken views about the function of property rules that could be rectified through legal understanding. In pursuing this line of argument, the paper considers a recent proposal that seems promising on this front: Leif Wenar’s analysis of the resource curse. Wenar’s proposal is unique in suggesting that questions of resource justice be analysed and resolved through settled principles of property law, rather than through a theory of distributive justice. However, he makes several key tactical errors. Examining where the proposal goes wrong and why provides important insights into the use of legal concepts to analyse intractable questions of justice in political philosophy, and into the place of property in particular—methodological issues that have not received adequate attention, despite the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of scholarship in this area.
9
Harris, William T., and Lydia Harris. "The Political Economy of Metrology." Humanity & Society 20, no. 4 (November 1996): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059769602000406.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is an attempt to discuss some economic aspects of metrology, the field of study dealing with measurements. The first part of the paper deals with what might be called the economics of precision; the second discusses the public goods nature of a system of measurement, and the third economic aspect of metrology concerns occupational entry barriers. Even though a market demand and supply in the usual sense do not exist, a system of weights and measures does have many traditional economic characteristics. For example, the measures themselves came about in response to emerging needs to measure with varying degrees of accuracy the commodities that were traded in society. Just as technology has affected the supply of traded goods, so too has it affected the supply of tools of measurement and their precision. The first two sections of the paper will describe our system of weights and measures as an evolutionary process much like how traditional commodity markets work. Individuals and governments have promoted the standardization of units and their accuracy when it served to facilitate a more efficient allocation of resources. The public goods nature of a standardized system of weights and measures will be discussed with emphasis on government involvement. The third section of the paper will discuss some instances in which our system of weights and measures fails to promote economic efficiency. Specifically, we will discuss the rent-seeking behavior by some to implement nonstandard measures as a means of erecting occupational entry barriers.
10
Al-dhamari, Redhwan, and Ku Nor Izah Ku Ismail. "Cash holdings, political connections, and earnings quality." International Journal of Managerial Finance 11, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-02-2014-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of cash holding, political connection and their interaction effect on earnings quality in the Malaysian environment, where political influence plays a vital role in many aspects of business dealings and resources allocation is seriously affected by politics. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses ordinary least square and seemingly unrelated regressions upon a sample of the Malaysian top 100 listed firms. Findings – This paper finds that earnings of firms with excess cash reserves are of high quality. Consistent with previous research, the study finds that investors perceive earnings numbers of politically connected firms as being of low quality. However, this research fails to support an expectation that the adverse consequences of holding a large amount of cash to earnings quality would be more pronounced when political extraction is high. The findings of this study suggest that policy makers should encourage or mandate firms to disclose information in relation to their connections with government, political party, or politicians so that investors and all interested parties can use the information to better assess the firms’ earnings quality. Originality/value – This research is considered as the first attempt to examine the relationships between cash holdings, political connections, and earnings quality in a developing country such as Malaysia.
11
Shi, Jinchuan, and Ye Jianliang. "Retrospect and prospect: development of China’s economics in the past 70 years." China Political Economy 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2019-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose In the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China’s economic studies have been constantly centered on major issues such as national modernization, social economic development and the establishment, reform and improvement of socialist economic system. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach It has experienced a process of transition from the establishment of traditional Soviet’s paradigm of political economics to that of modern economics, during which drastic changes have been observed in various aspects of China’s economics, including research content, scope and methods. Findings Based on that, a discipline system of economics in line with international economics has been initially established. Currently, under the guidance of Marxism, scholars in China’s economics actively draw on the beneficial knowledge system and analytical methods from modern economics, emancipate their minds, seek truth from facts and constantly fortify confidence in the socialist path, theory, system and culture, continuously enhance the discourse power of China’s economics in global economic governance system, so as to push forward to the building of a theoretical system of socialist economics with Chinese Characteristics in the new era. Originality/value Economics is a discipline that studies resource allocation and human’s behavior of making a choice based on rationality. Emerged in the industrial revolution and developed in the exploration of a large-scale socialized mode of production and resource allocation system, this discipline has gradually become a broadly explanatory force in social sciences which profoundly affects the economic decision-making behaviors of the government and various economic entities.
12
Bagade, Vaishnavi, Dnyaneshwar Bankar, Neha Chaudhari, Anand Gajra, and Anandrao R. Deshmukh. "Optimization of Resource Allocations to Maximize Benefit Cost Ratio of the Irrigation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42748.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Water resources projects are very complex in nature, requires huge financial investment and requires to consider socioeconomic, political, environmental aspects apart from technical aspects. There are many techniques evolved over the years to solve complex water resource problems. Pimpalgaon Dhale medium irrigation project system is considered in this project is located in Barshi taluka of Solapur district. It is planned to irrigate an ICA of 2400 ha of 6 villages namely Pimpalgaon, Pangaon, Yawali, Sakat, Undegaon and Irle. Dam is completed in 2008 however distribution system is still incomplete. The system is optimized to calculate maximize net benefit from the crops subjected to various constraints (viz. water availability, land availability, male and female labour availability, capital availability etc,). Single objective linear programming model is formulated and constraints are written and solver program of MS excel is used to derive maximum net benefit from the irrigation system under consideration. Benefit Cost ratio is calculated and compared it with that calculated adopting conventional methodology. The data required for model formulation is adopted from various sources such as Government reports/ documents, reports available on websites, research papers etc. The constraints such as capital availability within irrigation system during kharif and rabi season, female labour hours availability during kharif and rabi season limits the area under crops as well as net benefits however there is substantial increase in area under irrigation and net benefits from the irrigation system. The Solver program of MS Excel is very useful and convenient to use for solving linear programming. Keywords: Water Resource Projects, Maximize net benefit, Benefit Cost Ratio, Linear programming.,
13
Schuklenk, Udo. "What healthcare professionals owe us: why their duty to treat during a pandemic is contingent on personal protective equipment (PPE)." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106278.
Full textAbstract:
Healthcare professionals’ capacity to protect themselves, while caring for infected patients during an infectious disease pandemic, depends on their ability to practise universal precautions. In turn, universal precautions rely on the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). During the SARS-CoV2 outbreak many healthcare workers across the globe have been reluctant to provide patient care because crucial PPE components are in short supply. The lack of such equipment during the pandemic was not a result of careful resource allocation decisions in the global north, where the short supply could be explained through their high cost. Instead, they were the result of democratically elected governments prioritising low tax regimes over an adequate resourcing of their healthcare delivery systems. Such decisions were made despite global health experts warning about the high probability of pandemics like SARS-CoV2 occurring during our lifetimes. Avoidable allocation decisions by democratically elected political leaders resulted in a lack of sufficient PPE for healthcare professionals. After discussing and discounting various ethical arguments in support of a professional obligation to treat, even without or with suboptimal PPE, I conclude that these policy decisions were sufficiently grave that they provide a sound ethical rationale to justify healthcare workers’ refusal to provide care to infected patients.
14
FILIPPOVA, Nataliia. "EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE HEALTHCARE DEVELOPMENT: METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-27.
Full textAbstract:
The full functioning of the health care sector is possible only with adequate financial support, which is based on the principles of efficiency and effectiveness. Performance appraisal is a necessary tool in managing the financial support of health care development and improving the efficiency and quality of use of funds. The economic efficiency of financial support for the development of health care is a complex characteristic of the potential or actual results of its operation. Under the medical and economic efficiency of the activity is a comprehensive description of the medical and social results of the system, correlated with the number of resources spent to achieve them. The evaluation of the effectiveness of financial support for the development of health care is carried out in favor of long-term development planning and management actions aimed at the quality and availability of health care through a more rational allocation of available resources. Evaluations of various aspects of effectiveness should be the basis for decisions implemented in determining strategies for the allocation of material and financial resources in the health care system. The article is devoted to the issues of efficiency of financial provision of the health care. It was found that the effectiveness of financial support for the development of health care should be understood primarily as the ratio of results obtained and socio-political goals achieved, the corresponding results and the state resources used. The well-known form of efficiency assessment is considered. Criteria for the effectiveness of ensuring the development of health care (quality of health care, rational use of resources, availability of care) are defined. Management efficiency is influenced by productivity and quality. The indicators of efficiency of use of financial resources of health management bodies are analyzed. It is proposed to consider the main medical, social and resource-economic indicators and coefficients to assess the socio-economic efficiency of health care. Keywords: financial support, health care, methodological principles.
15
Denisov, I. E. "The Celestial Empire looks to the West." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 9, no. 6 (July 24, 2018): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2016-9-6-20-40.
Full textAbstract:
The Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) initiative demonstrates the Chinese desire to become a political and economic leader of the modern world. In this article the author analyses popular views and opinions made by Chinese experts about the “Economic Belt”. He also describes the key trends occurred on the early stages of the initiative 's implementation. The work touches on such aspects as resource allocation, trade and investment policy, development of transport infrastructure. However, SREB initiative is likely to face some significant problems on the next stages such as intergovernmental and interagency communications, potential countermeasures from the side of the USA or regional powers, terrorism or high level of political uncertainty in some of the involved states. The author concludes by giving his view on the potential role of the Silk Road Economic Belt as a new element of the Chinese concept of foreign policy. Obviously, strategic objectives overweight the economic ones. However, the lack of concrete information makes it difficult to interpret the purposes of the project accurately. Beijing's real rationale remains an issue for further research to provide valuable insight for Russia-led integration projects in the post-Soviet space.
16
Martani, Andrea, and Georg Starke. "Personal responsibility for health: the impact of digitalisation." Journal of Medical Law and Ethics 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/221354020x15815920230933.
Full textAbstract:
Fostering the personal responsibility of patients is often considered a potential remedy for the problem of resource allocation in health care systems. In political and ethical debates, systems of rewards and punishments based on personal responsibility have proved very divisive. However, regardless of the controversies it has sparked, the implementation of personal responsibility in concrete policies has always encountered the problem of practical enforceability, i.e.how causally relevant behaviour can be tracked, allowing policies of this kind to be applied in a fine-grained, economically viable and accurate fashion. In this paper, we show how this hurdle can be seemingly overcome with the advent of digitalisation in health and delineate the potential impact of digitalisation on personal responsibility for health. We discuss how digitalisation – by datafying health and making patients transparent – promises to close the loophole of practical enforceability by allowing to trace health-related lifestyle choices of individuals as well as their exposure to avoidable risk factors. Digitalisation in health care thereby reinforces what Gerald Dworkin has called the causal aspect of personal responsibility and strengthens the implicit syllogism that – since exposure to risk factors happens at the individual level – responsibility for health should be ascribed to the individual. We conclude by addressing the limitations of this approach and suggest that there are other ways in which the potential of digitalisation can help with the allocation of resources in health care.
17
Ouma, George, Farah Mohamed, Gilbert Rithaa, and Mohamed Hassan. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION ADVOCACY IN SOMALIA REPORT: GAPS, OPPORTUNITIES AND KEY MESSAGES." Global Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/gjhs.1370.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This inception report on the comprehensive assessment through desk reviews and analysis nutrition gaps in policy, political commitment, resource allocation and multi-sectoral coordination to inform the development of guideline and messages. This is as a follow-up of preliminary discussion held and concept agreed with the office of the national coordination for Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), Somalia housed in the Office of Prime Minister (OPM), Federal Government of Somalia. This summary report presents findings from the assessment and a discussion of methodology, challenges and opportunities. By identifying and contextualizing new findings, nutrition advocacy assessment builds consensus in Somalia with a vision and path ahead for improved nutrition messaging and guidelines that various actors will use of advocacy work.
Methodology: 30 documents were gathered and reviewed, including - national legislation, policies, guidelines, strategies and action plans to assess the inclusion of adolescents and current gaps. Interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders from government, donors, UN, communities and non-governmental institutions in Somalia. The review, analysis and stakeholder interviews assessed the extent to which nutritional aspects were being addressed, any gaps in the policy landscape, commitments, multi-sectoral coordination, advocacy initiatives and recommendations for strengthening the enabling environment.
Findings: It was established that awareness of SUN as a movement in Somalia was rated highly at however participation in SUN activities was very low and was left to nutritionist in the various sector/Institutions. Government has also shown a great political will and commitment to nutrition by ensuring policies and legislative frameworks are sufficient even though multi-sectoral nutrition integration is not optimal to impact desired impact.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there is need to advocate political and administrative authorities, to further convince them to add nutrition among the top priorities of the governments, translate policies into actions and ensure allocation of funds for nutrition interventions. Also, Government must strongly provide leadership in nutrition policy development, programing and coordination.
18
Pichon-Riviere, Andrés, Federico Augustovski, Sebastián García Martí, Verónica Alfie, and Laura Sampietro-Colom. "The link between health technology assessment and decision making for the allocation of health resources in Latin America." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 2 (April 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000033.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveOne of the good practice principles for health technology assessment (HTA) is having a clear link between the assessment and decision making. The objective of the 2019 Latin American Policy Forum (LatamPF) of Health Technology Assessment International was to explore different models of connection between HTA and decision making and to discuss the potential applicability of such models in Latin America.MethodsThis paper is based on a background document and the deliberations of the members of the LatamPF (fifty-four participants from twelve countries) where a design-thinking methodology was used.ResultsThe participants agreed that insufficient links between HTA and decision making undermine the legitimacy of decisions, expose the HTA process to excessive political and judicial influence, and promote the exclusion of some stakeholders from participating in the assessment process and decision making. High priority aspects of the HTA process that could feasibly be improved and which hold the greatest potential to generate positive changes in the health systems in the region were identified. The majority of these aspects were associated with the appropriate institutionalization of HTA, a greater degree of participation by different stakeholders, and improved transparency in the HTA process.ConclusionsThe LatamPF identified barriers and recommended actions to strengthen the link between HTA and decision making. Participants emphasized that there is now a window of opportunity in the region as many societal actors see this as a priority. For this reason, health system stakeholders must take this opportunity to increase efforts toward strengthening the link between HTA and decision making.
19
Jaramillo, Hector Castro. "OP108 From Essential Medicines List To Health Technology Assessment, And From Reimbursement To Pricing Decision-Making." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231800137x.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:All health systems are challenged by finite resources to address unlimited demand for services. In many countries priority-setting and resource-allocation decision-making has been inconsistent and unstructured. In these cases, the lack of coherence between limitless promise and limited resources leads to implicit and covert rationing through waiting lines, low quality, inequities, and other mechanisms. Over the past decades, different countries have established specialized health technology assessment (HTA) organizations aimed at better informing health care policies and clinical practice. Although the first technology assessment institution, although not exclusively health related, was the Office for Technology Assessment (OTA) in the U.S. in the 1970s, HTA is not yet current nationwide practice. Nevertheless, there are more than fifty agencies in operation in over thirty countries to assist systematic priority setting, especially in high income countries. The cases of Ukraine, Colombia and U.S. represent different features of the need for systematic priority setting. Ukraine is moving from National essential medicines lists (EML) to more dynamic HTA use to update its publicly funded benefits package; Colombia established a few years ago nationwide HTA, but is currently attempting to use HTA for Pricing and Reimbursement since healthcare coverage is so heavily contested by judicialization. Nevertheless, even in countries where formal HTA activities are ongoing, and in most low and middle income countries, rationing still occurs as an ad hoc, haphazard series of non-transparent choices that reflect the competing interests of governments, payers and other stakeholders. Henceforth, there is the opportunity to closely review why the state of development for HTA varies so much according to setting.Methods:Retrospective policy analysis considering common motivators for the implementation of HTA; the agenda setting model of the three streams (problems, policy and politics) for policy action ; and qualitative approaches for the inception of HTA are being used in these three cases.Results:Through a qualitative approach, ten “drivers” previously emerged with the ability to help or hinder HTA development in Colombia were used to assess the difference of HTA development in the USA and Ukraine (i.e. availability and quality of data, implementation strategy, cultural aspects, local capacity, financial support, policy/political support, globalization, stakeholder pressure, health system context, and usefulness perception). Policy/political and financial support, stakeholder pressure, cultural aspects and health system context were the most prominent drivers to induce or prevent institutional development of HTA in different countries.Conclusions:Common motivators, similar drivers and context specific characteristics are all influential for the implementation of HTA at the national level. Policy/political and financial support, stakeholder pressure, cultural aspects and health system context preliminarily seemed the most prominent drivers to induce or prevent institutional development of HTA in different countries. Henceforth, methods and processes matter, as well as the political economy for HTA. Further research is needed to test these preliminary findings.
20
Ahlbom, Tove. "On the rationality of Manx crabs." Island Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2014): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.297.
Full textAbstract:
This paper accepts the challenge posed by Godfrey Baldacchino in “Islands and despots”, published in Commonwealth & Comparative Politics in February 2012, to acknowledge and investigate the implications of the “expressions of harmony and solidarity” often observed in small island societies. To do so, aspects of the Isle of Man’s political and social life are discussed from the perspectives of popular rule and rationality. This paper argues that a homogeneity in preferences and the political practices of small island states might be a rational way of protecting a vulnerable economy and thus ensuring economic growth and a sufficient allocation to each island resident of the scarce resources required to survive. Such small island homogeneity and consensualism is therefore not necessarily indicating a deficient democratic practice, but might just connote another way of conducting democratic governance, spawned from a particular way of living and a particular range of needs.
21
Zhao, Biao, and Kaiyong Wang. "The Differences between County, County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China." Journal of Geographical Research 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i1.3739.
Full textAbstract:
Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management, resource integration and optimal allocation, which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China. To clarify and compare differences between counties, county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development. This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities, as well as counties, county-level cities and municipal districts, from the aspects of organizational structure, urban construction planning, land management, finance, taxation and public services. The research shows that the establishment of counties, county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county (or county-level city) to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems, which has different management system and operation pattern. At the same time, the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a “double-edged sword”, we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted, and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.
22
Collins, Richard, and Duncan French. "A Guardian of Universal Interest or Increasingly Out of Its Depth?" International Organizations Law Review 17, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 633–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-2019011.
Full textAbstract:
In contemporary debates on the authority of global institutions, there is an important yet often overlooked organisational curiosity: namely, the International Seabed Authority (‘ISA’). The ISA reflects a highpoint in international communitarian governance. Premised around traditional notions of access, control and allocation of deep seabed resources, its mandate is both invariably spatial-temporal, and yet also limited and functional. Its purpose is to govern the extraction of seabed mineral resources for the collective benefit of the international community. To achieve that ambition, however, a highly complex and bureaucratic regulatory structure has been established. In this paper we aim to consider this tension in the mandate of the ISA, particularly insofar as it manifests in aspects of its institutional design and functioning in practice. Recognising these dynamics not only helps one better understand governance of the deep seabed, but also broadly demonstrates the innate tensions in granting institutional control over common spaces.
23
Adnan, Gunawan. "GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE CONTEXT OF ACEH DEVELOPMENT." Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender 16, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v16i2.4284.
Full textAbstract:
Gender mainstreaming is a globally accepted strategy for promoting gender equality. Mainstreaming is not an end in itself but a strategy, an approach, a means to achieve the goal of gender equality. Mainstreaming involves ensuring that gender perspectives and attention to the goal of gender equality are central to all activities - policy development, research, advocacy/dialogue, legislation, resource allocation, and planning, implementation and monitoring of programs and projects. Gender mainstreaming is, therefore, becoming a collective awareness and concern in most countries since it is viewed as one of the most appropriate, comprehensive and representative approaches to solve both the problem of gender inequality and the problem of violence against women and children including in Indonesia in general and Aceh in particular. This study is aimed at exploring how gender mainstreaming initiatives, attempts to integrate a gender equality approach to post-tsunami and post-conflict reconstruction and development efforts in Aceh, take part in the social and political reconstruction by both reproducing and subverting gendered images of temporality and spatiality as well as promoting a holistic gender equality in all aspects of life. The method used in doing this research is a library method in which all related data and library resources are collected, examined and finally analyzed. The result of this study suggests, among others, that gender mainstreaming should be based on a holistic approach, not only in spirit and conceptual basis but also in practical and social reality basis, such as empowering women in having equal access toward education, access to economic resources, access to the right of possessing property, etc. Moreover, one of another important result of this study is that the violence against women and children that still commonly occur almost everywhere in the world should be viewed as collective enemy and challenge which needs to be faced and eliminated collectively as well.
24
Liana, Ștefan, and Imbrescu Ion. "Cohedissent–Specific Behavior of University Unions to Increase Competitiveness." Journal of Intercultural Management 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The change of the political regime in Romania determined a real revolution in the activity of the trade unions which suddenly had to change their objectives and their working methods. These organisations were in a position to struggle for the status of universities and their professors in a society that considered that 3% of GDP for education is too much. Is possible to understand that trade unions acting instead of universities managers, but immediately after 1989, the rectors and their teams depended by the politicians in a way that they cannot ask more for the needs of universities, and these situations are comparable with ones manifested in other countries, like Peru, Bolivia or Ecuador (Haggard and Kaufmann, 1995). The social and professional involvement of university unions is now much more significant, and their role in the life of higher education institutions is becoming more and more imperative. Not only do they struggle for financial resources and real autonomy, but they also support the didactic and research activities of their members. They also try to prevent and stop the abuse of university leaders. This work aims to present the activity of the union of UniversitasTimisiensis (West University of Timisoara), the role it plays to increase the cohesion between its members and the cooperation with other university unions of Romania. We will also present some current and future solutions that can develop the competitiveness of our institution to make it more attractive not only for professors and researchers but also for students. Methodology: In almost two decades we have observed that the role of education is treated differently in political declarations and public budgetary allocation. We tried to understand what the causes of these differences are, and we noticed that the formal voice of different union federations (there are four in the education field in Romania) is quite the same, but also there are some informal arrangements with governmental officials. Even in the higher education area, there are different aspects related to the goals of groups of universities (comprehensive, technical, medical) so the cohesion of different unions can be only apparent. We tried to investigate these aspects using quantitative research based on data supplied by Eurostat and National Institute of Statistics and about 15 interviews with different persons involved in the management of union organisations to see the characteristics of common patterns and also the specific differences. Findings: We discovered that in the field of education there is a paradox of functionality of a system. All political parties sustain the idea of a consistent allocation of resources for education (there is a National Pact for Education signed by all parties in 2008 and assumed by all other parties that appeared after 2008), but in ten years the allocation was around 3% of GDP that represents only half of the agreement. The unions were forced to adopt different strategies in an unfriendly environment: they cooperated in most of the cases but, due to the lack of resources, they had to rally to the positions of the management of universities and that sometimes determined the dissent with other unions. Value Added: It can be assumed that the unions can have an important role in education environment, even if they act in cohesion (most of the cases) and dissent (especially in case of improvement the position of the home university). The cohedissent (we try to underline the combination between the terms cohesion and dissent because it is almost impossible to have only cohesion in educational area) behaviour can represent a key factor to understanding the specificity of the role of university unions in improving the educational environment and insending more suggestive messages to the political parties. Recommendations: The scientific research in universities is an essential aspect of higher education and the specific research within and between university unions can potentiate the activities of teachers and researchers. The cooperation between unions must be improved and the dissent must be used constructively.
25
K, Vijay, and Amal Prakash. "A Systematic Review on Tanpin Kandri Based Crime Prediction." Remittances Review 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/rr.v7i2.2407.
Full textAbstract:
Predictive policing refers to the potential preventive measure to fight crimes in the modern age. Crimes are social issues that have a negative effect on society. The number of cases filed under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 2020 increased by over 430 percent compared to the same year-ago period. Data analytics is the process of inspecting, transforming, and modelling unstructured data into useful information. Predictive policing and crime analytics with Artificial intelligence increase attention among a multifarious scientific community. Crime pattern analysis is the computational approach to examining aspects of volume crime for the purposes of prevention where it either targets one crime or a series of discrete crimes for detection. Currently, there are not many sufficing analysis methods for the Law and order agencies. By using the Tanpin Kanri model, a Japanese business strategy, this idea makes decision points on what crime and at what rate. Crime analysis functions are generally focused on seven key areas: crime pattern detection, target profiles, forecast crime rates, resource allocation, and criminal investigations, according to a study by the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Generally, it is implemented for the most recurring crimes. This idea helps in the prevention of crimes using crime forecasting and gives a unique perspective on the areas one may not be aware of. Thus crime prediction is a valuable strategy to identify and profile those areas which are at risk, and those can be prevented.
26
Matos, Nyalle Barboza, and Andréa de Oliveira Gonçalves. "PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: ORIGIN, LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING." REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) 26, no. 1 (April 2020): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311.279.98525.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to identify and discuss theoretically the advances, limitations and perspectives pointed by international research to improve the accountability and evaluation aspects of PPPs. This is a theoretical essay based on the Public Choice Theory to show that the PPP accounting treatment is relevant to avoid lack of transparency and accountability, mitigating possible losses in the decision-making process and the ineffective allocation of public resources. The discussion of topics reveals the importance of public accounting in measuring the financial and social consequences that the shared responsibility of PPPs can have, defending the public interest and democratic relations. It is argued that different factors may influence PPP accounting issues, involving governance limitations, institutional weaknesses, widespread corruption, lack of transparency, weak regulatory environments, power imbalances between partners, lack of political commitment and trust. Finally, some accounting research questions and topics are presented that should be considered to prevent private interest from overriding the public interest in contracting a PPP.
27
Khan, Ammad Hassan, Ali Imran, and Muzamil Hussain. "Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan." January 2019 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1901.06.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving and maintaining quality values are indispensable for attaining organizational and customer satisfaction. This research investigates different aspects of operationalize quality culture and factors affecting the quality of building construction in under developed countries like Pakistan. A qualitative and quantitative survey was circulated among different stakeholders including Clients, Consultants and Contractors to assess the level of the contractor’s performance, the project monitoring and controlling techniques, proper health and safety requirements, client satisfaction and workers experience in construction industry projects. The practice of professional quality management in building projects is increasing, however, many flaws and negligence are still found in local practices. This analysis also indicates that political and socio-economic factors play a significant role in maintaining the quality level in local industry. Therefore, the allocation of sufficient resources, proper training of workers, and recruitment of quality control staff and the use of advanced technologies are recommended for proper implementation of QMS (Quality Management System).
28
Adamov, D. V. "Decentralized principle of the tax system: the state and prospects of the development of the single tax institute." Public administration aspects 6, no. 4 (May 17, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/15201821.
Full textAbstract:
Ukraine has to reform the organization of public and local power, which involves alteration of the administrative-territorial division in very difficult socio-economic and political conditions. So, there is the theoretical substantiation of observance of the decentralized principle of construction of tax system on an example of institute of the uniform tax in the article. Moreover, decentralisation signifies local powers over certain areas of decision-making. The study is based on the systematization of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the aspects of small business development, decentralization and tax system. The local self-governments are now responsible for budgets and attracting investment for small business development, and will answer to their own local voters. But the important fact is the devolution of authority to the communities, rather than the oblasts or raions. Noting the functions of the current tax mechanism, the expediency of taking into account the allocative function of the tax policy, which is actualized in the conditions of decentralization, is justified. Consequently it consist the systematization of research by scientists about targets for the appropriateness of decentralization when using public resources; expected effects to improve the efficiency of the public sector, the rate of economic growth and reduce inter-territorial inequality in the levels of existence of the middle class and the functioning of small businesses; a sufficient number of arguments for the formulation of political will and the accumulation of political resources to resolve the current imbalance; risks of interterritorial asymmetry of net fiscal benefits; conditions for the introduction of optimal financial (including fiscal) decentralization in Ukraine. The article shows the factor changes in the formal norms of the single tax institute in Ukraine in 2014, 2015 and 2017. The decentralization reforms have already brought significant change to Ukraine. But in this case, hromady have financial problems with prospects and plans autonomy development and implementation of incentive policies for small businesses. The newly merged communities in this way will be rendered sustainable. Against all the odds, the technical implementation of decentralization reforms has moved forward. Fiscal decentralization has set new rules for the allocation of taxes to local budgets. But it it does not solve the whole complex of problems that confront the small business in the current moment. As a result, the study has drawn on the prospects for the development of the single tax institute in conditions of decentralization in Ukraine.
29
He, Huan Huan. "Construction Strategy of Marxist Literature Information Guarantee System." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1173.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses methods of literature research and comparative analysis, describing the construction strategy of Marxist literature information guarantee system. Firstly, the paper defines Marxist literature information guarantee system and brings forward its goal and task. On this basis, the paper discusses construction strategies of Marxist literature information guarantee system: the first one is technology strategy. It designs function modules for the system, including literature information collection, classification, cataloging, retrieval, storage, transmission, reference consulting and online interaction .etc. The second one is management strategy. The paper expounds it from four aspects of personnel education, management philosophy, security management and allocation of construction resources. The third one is construction strategy of regulations and standards. The paper proposes the solution of regulations and standards to settle problems that may be encountered during the process of literature information integration and transmission. The fourth one is economic strategy. The paper advances economic strategy of broadening sources of income and reducing expenditure in order to guarantee the funds needed for constructing the system. Finally, the paper calls on collection institutions of Marxist literature information to work together as soon as possible, to construct Marxist literature information guarantee system for political, economic and cultural development in China.
30
IEFYMENKO, Tetiana, Sergіi GASANOV, and Serhii BARTOSH. "Fiscal security and decentralization in the conditions of global challenges and threats." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, no. 9 (December 11, 2020): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.09.029.
Full textAbstract:
Trends in global financialization, as well as global shocks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, climate changes, intensification of the interstate economic and political competition for limited natural, energy, water, food and skilled human resources, including the global economic recession, political and financial instability negatively affect the state of the economy and public finances of Ukraine. Further strengthening country’s defense capabilities, as well as solving urgent problems in the areas of health, education and science, social and pension provision, and overcoming mass poverty are impossible without scientific substantiation, institutional support, alongside with a broad political, social and popular support for strategic priorities. restoration of economic growth, balancing public finances. Protecting fiscal security at the regional level aims to increase the resilience of the national economy. The authors of the article emphasize that the anti-crisis orientation of territorial redistribution of funds should take into account the requirements of the most rational allocation of productive forces, business promotion, resolving contradictions that arise in balancing budget revenues and constitutional social obligations. The processes of the decentralization of budgetary and tax relations should be accompanied by strengthening their social orientation. The priority of vital national interests is the ability of the state to ensure sustainable development of territories, economic entities, as well as compliance with modern standards of welfare. Improving change management due to the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease requires strengthening the resistance to the unpredictable negative risks of unbalancing most areas of human activity in all aspects, from households to value chains of multinational companies. The formation of stable characteristics of the financial potential of regional development should take place along with the growth of fiscal activity of local governments.
31
Letov, O. V. "Some issues of biomedical ethics in a pandemic (review)." Philosophy of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-1-158-164.
Full textAbstract:
The article is an analytical review of English-language articles devoted to modern problems of biomedical ethics. The article considers such ethical categories as respect for the freedom of the patient, paternalism, protection of the patient’s interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone receives what they deserve, in accordance with the needs of health and no one is discriminated against because of individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs, and can act according to their norms, desires and beliefs. This review presents articles that, for the first time, consider the ethical aspects of dealing with the consequences of coronavirus infection. In particular, it is indicated that decisions on the priority of vaccination should be based on such principles as: a) equal moral value of each person, b) available knowledge to maximize public health by preventing COVID-19. An open and transparent dialogue with the public is needed to ensure and, in the long term, increase public confidence and justification for the adoption of a vaccination strategy. It should contain information on the current state of knowledge about the vaccine itself and about political decision-making processes, including the underlying ethical arguments.
32
Bhan, Gautam. "From the basti to the ‘house’: Socio-spatial readings of housing policy in India." Current Sociology 65, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117697465.
Full textAbstract:
In June 2015, the Government of India approved a national housing program called the Prime Minster’s Awas Yojana (PMAY; Prime Minister’s Housing Plan), the latest in a series of ‘urban missions’ that have seen the urban emerge as an object for policy intervention in a country long rurally imagined. The emergence of these missions has necessitated the construction of a new urban grammar. Concepts, categories and classifications have sought to define, delineate and measure different aspects of the urban landscape so that different modes of practice and intervention may emerge. This article reads this grammar. It does so not to assess policy through its design, efficacy or feasibility, but to argue that policies, at least in part, attempt to create their own objects. A policy is thus both a product and an agent of contemporary politics, simultaneously instrumental and generative, acting as a means to an end but also an end unto itself. It is, in many ways, as much a site of the construction of meaning as it is the allocation of resources. This article looks at housing policy in the Indian city from a particular site: auto-constructed neighborhoods in the Indian city – referred to here as the basti in contra-distinction to the ‘slum’. In doing so, it offers a socio-spatial reading of these settlements along three lines: transversality, transparency and opacity. It then reads the proposed new national housing policy against these spatialities and argues that the policy fundamentally misrecognizes ‘housing’ in the Indian city.
33
Björk, Lisa, Stefan Szücs, and Annika Härenstam. "Measuring capacity to perform across local government services – managers' perceptions." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-09-2012-0115.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This study aims at developing a measure that can be used to evaluate organizational capacity to perform across local government jurisdictions, using operational managers' own assessments. Design/methodology/approach – The “management matters” literature that links organizational capacity to service performance is far from reaching any consensus on how to operationalize organizational capacity. In this study, over 400 operational managers were asked, at two different time points and in thirty different local government departments, about what opportunities they have to fulfill their responsibilities and about their perceptions of service performance. The data are factor analyzed, and the proportion of higher level variance of the resulting capacity measure is explored. Findings – Organizational capacity to perform represents a consistent measure that covers essential aspects of the managerial assignment and is empirically distinct, yet positively related to the managers' perceptions of service performance. Results further show that up to 12 percent of the variance in organizational capacity to perform can be attributed to the organization in which managers work. Practical implications – A service-neutral measure of organizational capacity to perform should be useful to strategic managers in organizations as guidance for resource allocation, and for the design of solid organizational structures and support systems for operational managers. Originality/value – Recent public management research indicates that rationalistic management models are often inadequately grounded in the day-to-day practices of operative managerial work. The construct of organizational capacity to perform presented in this study could be a valuable instrument that can bridge this strategic-operational disconnect and provide an insider perspective of the organizational prerequisites that underpin any public service achievement.
34
Cherenkov, A. P. "Knowledge Aspects of Resource Allocation Problems with Saturation." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 07, no. 02 (June 1997): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194097000138.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we consider some knowledge aspects which arise when investigating problems of optimal resource allocation with saturation. Among them we mention information state before resource allocation, utilization of lexicographical variables, space transformations, some principles used for finding solutions, finding quality form of solution on the basis of the necessary conditions of optimality, inner and outer parametrization, essential reduction of dimension of solved problems, reasons of solution non-uniqueness, utilization of continual problems for solution of analogous discrete problems. We shall try to show the mutual interplay between software engineering and knowledge engineering. Examples of problems solved with attraction of methods discussed in this paper exist in papers [1–10] and others.
35
Nunes, Rui. "Fair Equality of Opportunity in Healthcare." Conatus 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/conatus.19383.
Full textAbstract:
The allocation of resources for health, as well as the distribution of other social goods, being a political problem, can also be observed as belonging to the universe of distributive justice, considering that all citizens must have the necessary means for an acceptable physical, psychological and social performance. Individual autonomy, paradigm of a full citizenship in a modern society, cannot otherwise be achieved. Human dignity seems to imply that no citizen can be excluded from the basic health system due to the lack of financial resources. Indeed, equal access of all citizens to basic social goods and therefore to key places in society – principle of fair equality of opportunities – is one of the core aspects of Rawls's difference principle. It is, in essence, about ensuring the exercise of the right to individual self-determination in the relationship between the individual and society, as well as the right to play a social role according to skills and merit. But, it is not only the theory of the social contract that provides for a fair equality of opportunities. Different perspectives of justice contemplate this ideal. As suggested by Tristram Engelhardt Jr individual autonomy must be interpreted as a value in itself and a determining factor for the exercise of a full citizenship. But, justice is an ideal that must be progressively built. Whether in a specific society or on a global scale. And, the great challenge of humanity is precisely to recognize the existing intercultural differences and propose sufficiently flexible ideological systems that can be applied in different countries with very different levels of social and economic development. Without detracting from the ethical principles that should underpin the construction of the 21st century global society.
36
Salm, Melissa, Mahima Ali, Mairead Minihane, and Patricia Conrad. "Defining global health: findings from a systematic review and thematic analysis of the literature." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 6 (June 2021): e005292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005292.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionDebate around a common definition of global health has seen extensive scholarly interest within the last two decades; however, consensus around a precise definition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to systematically review definitions of global health in the literature and offer grounded theoretical insights into what might be seen as relevant for establishing a common definition of global health.MethodA systematic review was conducted with qualitative synthesis of findings using peer-reviewed literature from key databases. Publications were identified by the keywords of ‘global health’ and ‘define’ or ‘definition’ or ‘defining’. Coding methods were used for qualitative analysis to identify recurring themes in definitions of global health published between 2009 and 2019.ResultsThe search resulted in 1363 publications, of which 78 were included. Qualitative analysis of the data generated four theoretical categories and associated subthemes delineating key aspects of global health. These included: (1) global health is a multiplex approach to worldwide health improvement taught and pursued at research institutions; (2) global health is an ethically oriented initiative that is guided by justice principles; (3) global health is a mode of governance that yields influence through problem identification, political decision-making, as well as the allocation and exchange of resources across borders and (4) global health is a vague yet versatile concept with multiple meanings, historical antecedents and an emergent future.ConclusionExtant definitions of global health can be categorised thematically to designate areas of importance for stakeholders and to organise future debates on its definition. Future contributions to this debate may consider shifting from questioning the abstract ‘what’ of global health towards more pragmatic and reflexive questions about ‘who’ defines global health and towards what ends.
37
Anderson, Erin, Leonard M. Lodish, and Barton A. Weitz. "Resource Allocation Behavior in Conventional Channels." Journal of Marketing Research 24, no. 1 (February 1987): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400108.
Full textAbstract:
This exploratory study assesses the impact of variables associated with a financial portfolio model (marginal returns, growth, synergy, and uncertainty) and characteristics of the channel relationship (power, organizational climate, and communications) on the selling time allocated by 71 independent sales agencies to the principals they represent. The results indicate that the time allocated to principals is consistent with a normative microeconomic model; however, aspects of the channel relationship, particularly communications, participation, and feedback, also influence resource allocations.
38
Yi, David T. "Election campaign resource allocation." Public Choice 133, no. 1-2 (May 25, 2007): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9179-4.
Full text
39
Snyder, James M. "Resource Allocation in Multiparty Elections." American Journal of Political Science 34, no. 1 (February 1990): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111511.
Full text
40
Lewis, P. A. "Resource allocation: whose realism?" Journal of Medical Ethics 16, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.16.3.132.
Full text
41
Wilkinson, T. M. "Community, Public Health and Resource Allocation." Public Health Ethics 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phq026.
Full text
42
Li, Jun, Kai Zou, Shang Xiang, Zhen Wan, and Lining Xing. "Resource Allocation to Information Security in Smart Cities Based on Evolutionary Game." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.4.1.35.
Full textAbstract:
Smart city highly relies on cloud computing, Internet of Things and other new technology means, which bring hidden information risk diffusion to urban information security. How to reasonably allocate current urban resources, avoid these information security risks as much as possible, and obtain the highest benefits, have become a practical problem to the current healthy development of smart cities. Based on the discussion of related concepts and technical theories, the information security resource allocation influencing factors index system is constructed from the following aspects: resources, threat sources, vulnerabilities and security measures. With the further analysis of information security factors and their affecting mechanisms, the basic theoretical framework of information security resource allocation is established based on the evolutionary game. The information security resource allocation problem is divided into the internal resource allocation and external resource allocation. External resource allocation is subdivided into complementary external resource allocation, alternative external resource allocation and weakly related external resource allocation. Under this framework, the subject relationship in various situations is analyzed. This research work can conduct a reasonable allocation of resources related to information security.
43
Yuan, Di, Jingon Joung, Chin Keong Ho, and Sumei Sun. "On Tractability Aspects of Optimal Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 62, no. 2 (February 2013): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2225854.
Full text
44
Xiao, Xiao, Tadashi Dohi, and Hiroyuki Okamura. "Optimal software testing-resource allocation with operational profile: computational aspects." Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering 7, no. 4 (August 3, 2018): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41872-018-0060-x.
Full text
45
Abubakari, Maliha. "Determinants of Resource Allocation: Do Bureaucratic Factors Matter?" Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11535.
Full textAbstract:
Many governments around the world claim to use the normative resource allocation model in the transfer of intergovernmental grants. However, many political-economy studies suggest the contrary. It has been widely suggested that political and economic factors dominate the resource allocation process in both developed and developing countries. Using resource allocation data from the Ghana Education Service, this study supports the arguments that intergovernmental resource allocation transcends the normative principles of proportionality and expenditure need. Political factors do indeed influence resource allocation. One interesting contribution of this study is that, it highlights the importance of bureaucratic factors in the resource allocation process. Bureaucratic representation is a political institutional factor which has to a large extent been neglected by most political economy studies.
46
Schuster, J. Mark Davidson. "Resource allocation to the arts." Society 27, no. 6 (September 1990): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699093.
Full text
47
Zareipour, Moradali, and Jila Nagavi Kalejahi. "The Role of Social Participation in Controlling and Preventing of Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Iran." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T1 (August 15, 2020): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4956.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: According to the prevalence of coronavirus in the world, health measures will not be accountable to face the disease. As well as the economic, political, and social dimensions of the disease, there will be a lot of pressure on the health system, which may not be able to compensate in its various aspects. Therefore, the participation and cooperation of the society in the form of mobilizing the society with the health system will be effective in controlling and preventing this disease.
AIM: Investigating the role of social participation in the controlling and preventing of Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) was the aim of this study.
METHODS: In this review study, related English and Persian articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Irandoc, SID, and Science direct were searched and studied using COVID-19, coronavirus, and social participation keywords.
RESULTS: The opportunity to distribute health knowledge in the community has been created and led to the internal acquisition of mastery in health promoting of preventing and controlling of COVID-19 in the process of participation in health. Furthermore, the percentage of resources has been increased and the cost of government will be decreased and the possibility of accumulating available resources and the access to them will be provided; at the same time, the allocation of resources will be facilitated to the needy. A better understanding of the health and well-being needs of the people and the promotion of health are other benefits of people’s participation in controlling COVID-19. Involvement and active participation of the people increases the sense of social responsibility and the feeling of authority and it cause to disappear the dominance of official organizations. All of these outcomes have a positive effect on the health of people and society and ultimately in controlling COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: As for a common goal is formed in social participation, the common motivation to achieve that goal in the light of proper and timely awareness and information can be a stimulus, a comprehensive determination to control coronavirus and lead to effective collective action against this disease.
48
Palaniswamy, Nethra, and Nandini Krishnan. "Local Politics, Political Institutions, and Public Resource Allocation." Economic Development and Cultural Change 60, no. 3 (April 2012): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664020.
Full text
49
Gallent, Nick. "Resource allocation and political change in the UK." Regional Studies 34, no. 4 (June 2000): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400050078169.
Full text
50
Walker, Tom. "Ageing, justice and resource allocation." Journal of Medical Ethics 42, no. 6 (May 4, 2016): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2016-103563.
Full text