Academic literature on the topic 'Political aspects of Socialism'

Marx's debt to Aristotle has been noted, but inadequately. Usually commentators focus on the parallels between discrete ethical theories of both writers. However, for Marx, ethics is not a discrete field, but is founded on a conception of social ontology. This thesis links the two by showing that, precisely because of its Aristotelian roots, Marx's political economy of bourgeois society demands an ethical view arising from alienated labour. Marx conceives of bourgeois society as an organic whole. But this entails that is social matter can only exist potentially, and not fully setting up a tension that points to the eventual supercession of its social form. In this manner, Marx's Aristotelian hylomorphism provides the link between the early and the later Marx, between the critique of alienation and the mature works of political economy. This reading of Marx is facilitated by combining it with recent developments in philosophy. The works of Harré, Kripke and Wiggins, in particular have helped retrospectively to justify Marx's intuitive realism. Their contributions on explanation identity and sortals are applied in order to elucidate and justify his ontology. In the course of this, the problematic boundary between analytical philosophy and social theory is crossed. Marx restates ancient beliefs about the transitory nature of existence and the eternal nature of change. In particular, there are strong parallels between Marx's account of the decline and eventual fall of capitalism, and the Aristotelian message that all sublunary entities come to be and pass away. These parallels are sufficiently striking to allow us to recognise that Marx's account of the crisis ridden and ultimately doomed perspective for capitalism, overlooked by his protagonists, is but a variant of the Aristotelian theory of passing away or phthorá.

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeloJunior_SydneiUlissesde_M.pdf: 1057253 bytes, checksum: 54984ae1a8b2c4ded25a88e5d6fca9ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo dos trabalhos do marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) e, especialmente, à análise da importância política assumida pelos conceitos de mito e religião no conjunto de sua obra. Os capítulos referem-se a três etapas da vida do autor ¿ a juventude (1914-1919), o exílio (1919-1923) e o regresso e posterior militância socialista no Peru (1923-1930) ¿ e por meio da exposição de sua formação intelectual e política procuramos compreender as preocupações do Amauta com os conceitos acima mencionados. A pesquisa mostra que, contrastado a outros autores clássicos do marxismo, Mariátegui assume um olhar mais sensível ao papel histórico e social cumprido por diferentes manifestações religiosas ¿ contribuindo para isto a referência a sua formação pessoal e familiar, marcada por mística e religiosidade. Em seu desenvolvimento como socialista, o Amauta incorpora ao seu discurso termos como mito, fé e religiosidade, que passam a constituir o horizonte de sua reflexão revolucionária. Por outro lado, ao demonstrar uma preocupação criteriosa com a análise das manifestações políticas e históricas de atores e instituições religiosas ¿ tanto na Itália, quanto no Peru e no continente latino-americano ¿ Mariátegui não deixa, porém, de distanciar-se de críticas racionalistas e anticlericais, afirmando uma "nova concepção" de religião, mais ampla e profunda, que se descola de adjetivações obscurantistas<br>Abstract: This dissertation is dedicated to the study of Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) works and especially to the analysis of the political relevance of concepts such as myth and religion in his work. The chapters refer to the three phases of Mariátegui's life ¿ his youth (1914-1919); exile (1919-1923); return and posterior socialist activism in Peru (1923-1930) ¿ we aim at a better understanding of Amauta¿s concerns regarding the aforementioned concepts by evaluating his intellectual and political formation. The research shows that, in contrast with others classical Marxist authors, Mariátegui assumes a more sensitive vision of the social and historical roles performed by different religious expressions ¿ for which his personal and family education, marked by religiosity and mystique, are a great contribution. In his socialist development, Amauta incorporates to his speech expressions such as myth, faith and religiosity, which constitute the horizon of his revolutionary thought. On the other hand, by demonstrating a careful concern in his analysis about political and historical manifestations of religious actors and institutions ¿ in Italy as well as in Peru and Latin America ¿ Mariátegui distances himself from rationalists and anticlerical critics, affirming a "new conception" of religion, wider and deeper, and detached of obscurantist adjectives<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencia Politica<br>Mestre em Ciência Política