Relevant bibliographies by topics / Political crimes and offenses, canada

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Political crimes and offenses, canada'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Political crimes and offenses, canada"

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Lippel, Katherine. "Les victimes sans crimes : le traitement pénal des accidents de travail." Criminologie 21, no. 1 (2005): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017257ar.

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More people die in Canada every year from work related accidents and illnesses than as a result of murder. More work days are lost to work accidents and illnesses than to strikes and lockouts. Yet the illegalities committed in the field of health and safety in the workplace are, for all intents and purposes, left unnoticed by the criminal justice system. This article addresses the use of penal and criminal law in Quebec against employers who have violated health and safety legislation and the Criminal Code. The first part examines the historical, political and social reasons why deaths and injuries in the work place are perceived as normal and inevitable, rather than as aberra -tions often of a criminal nature. The second part examines the application of statutory legislation in Quebec, particularly the Act Respecting Occupational Health and Safety (R.S.Q. c. S-2.1). The nature of the offences therein provided for is studied, as well as the attitude of the judiciary and the Quebec Health and Safety Commission (C.S.S.T.) towards their application. In the final section the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code are studied, in the light of the rare examples from case law where criminal negligence charges have been laid. The article concludes with the assertion that a change of attitude both on the part of the state and on the part of public opinion is necessary if we wish that health and safety in the workplace be taken seriously by employers.
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Piñero, Verónica Beatriz. "Child Protection vs. Crime Prevention: The Regulation of Young Offenders' Private Information in Canada." International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 1 (2009): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181808x358285.

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AbstractHaving examined 151 years of enacted legislation in the Canadian youth criminal justice system (1857–2007), the author analyzes how the Parliament of Canada has regulated the publication of information that identifies young people as being or having been dealt with by the justice system. Piñero identifies four different time periods in the legislation: 1857–1891; 1892–1907; 1908–1981; and 1982–2007. The regulation enacted during 1857–1891 was not concerned with the publication of information that may identify young offenders. This position started to change during the period 1892–1907, reaching its highest point during the period 1908–1981. The 1908–1981 period was highly concerned with the protection of young offenders' private information, since such a measure was perceived as an important factor for granting young offenders rehabilitation. However, since 1982 this direction started to change: the enacted regulation during the period 1982–2007 drew a distinction between two groups of young offenders according to the seriousness of the committed offences, thereby protecting the private information of one of the groups but not the private information of the other. Piñero argues that the theoretical implications underlying the regulation of young offenders' privacy rights in the period 1908–1981 constituted an evolution (innovation) with regard to the periods 1857–1891 and 1892–1907, while the theoretical implications underlying the period 1982–2007 constituted (and constitute) a regression as to the third period.
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Dinovitzer, Ronit. "The Myth of Rapists and Other Normal Men: The Impact of Psychiatric Considerations on the Sentencing of Sexual Assault Offenders." Canadian journal of law and society 12, no. 1 (1997): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100005238.

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AbstractCanadian sentencing commissions have recommended that mental illness be considered as a mitigating factor in sentencing. With respect to sexual assault, some feminist literature asserts that over-reliance on psychiatric factors not only absolves the offender, but also serves to reinforce the myth that “normal” men do not rape women and children. In this study, data were collected on 97 Canada-wide sexual assault sentencing decisions from 15 August 1992 through 15 August 1993. This research does not find support for the hypothesis that sexual offenders are typically characterized as suffering from a mental disorder. Furthermore, using multiple regression, an interaction between judicial perception of the severity of the crime and judicial mention of psychiatric factors is found. The data show that psychiatric factors interact with perceptions of force, actually leading to harsher sentences. The impact of this variable turns out to be the opposite of what the literature would expect one to find: judicial perceptions of mental disorder act as aggravating factors in the sentencing of sexual assault offenders when a judge also believes that force has been used in the commission of the offence. The results of this research are then interpreted within the context of labelling theory.
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Ali, Mahrus, Ach Tahir, Faisal Faisal, Irnawati Irnawati, Pujiyono Pujiyono, and Barda Nawawi Arief. "Criminological Outlook of Overcoming Disproportionate Punishment in Environmental Crimes." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.04.

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Criminal determination in a number of environmental offenses still raises excessive criminal threats. The weight of a criminal for offense committed due to negligence is even more severe than the weight of the criminal for deliberate offense which causes death. Criminal weights can also not be compared in weight to offenses that have the same level of seriousness. In the Law reviewed, the criminal threat in some formal offenses is more severe than in material offenses so that it violates the principle of proportionality. Excessive crimes can be overcome through ranking offenses based on their seriousness which refers to the four models of criminalization based on environmental losses. The serious environmental pollution model places the most serious offense ranking, followed by the concrete harm model, then the concrete endangerment, and finally the abstract endangerment. After the ranking of environmental offenses is compiled, the criminal weight is determined. Spacing of penalties between the offense groups to another also needs to be determined.
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McCormick, Chris, and Kevin Marron. "Apprenticed in Crime: Young Offenders, the Law, and Crime in Canada." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 20, no. 4 (1994): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552011.

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Burton, Hughlene A., Stewart S. Karlinsky, and Cynthia Blanthorne. "Perception of a White-Collar Crime: Tax Evasion." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 3, no. 1 (2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2005.3.1.35.

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The current study was designed to investigate U.S. taxpayer's perception of the severity of tax evasion relative to other offenses, in general, and white-collar crimes, in particular. We compared the perception of tax evasion to 20 other offenses, including violent crimes such as rape and murder and relatively minor offenses such as jaywalking. Due to the recent focus by lawmakers and the media on white-collar scandals and the lack of comparisons in prior literature, we also included six white-collar crimes. Overall, the results indicate that tax evasion was viewed as only somewhat serious. When comparing tax evasion to other white-collar offenses, we found that tax evasion was perceived as equal in severity to minimum wage law violations and rated less serious than the other four white-collar crimes investigated. Most demographic factors (age, gender, education or income level, political affiliation, etc.) did not seem to be related to perceptions of tax evasion. However, location of taxpayers did have some effect. These findings differ from several previous studies.
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Glybovets, V. "GEOGRAPHY OF CRIMINALITY OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 70-71 (2018): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.70.17.

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The article deals with the spreading of criminal offenses in Ukraine in 2017. The purpose of the article is to reveal the crime topic in Ukraine as one of the most important problems of its further development as a European state. The author focuses on the place of Ukraine in the international ratings, such as the Global Index of the World, the Global Index to terrorism etc. Using statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the author has compiled a table of the level of criminal offenses by regions of Ukraine. Basing on the analysis of the table, the areas in which the crime in 2017 grew or decreased (in compressing with the previous year) is highlighted. The rating of areas for 2017 and 2016 was compiled and compared with each other. The article highlights the types of criminal offenses the number of which are the largest and the smallest in each area of Ukraine. The author presents the probable reasons that lead to the predominance of thefts, as well as grave and especially grave crimes over other types of crimes in the regions of Ukraine. Attention is paid to a criminal offense related to pimping. The areas in which in 2017 were recorded the cases of pimping are listed. The author of the article counted the number of crimes in the regions of Ukraine per 1000 people. Highlighted areas with the highest, average and lowest number of crimes per 1000 inhabitants. The author emphasizes that educated people leave the country for Europe, Canada, the United States, China and other countries, reducing the number of intellectuals who are less inclined to commit crimes. The article describes the main factors that determine the geographical differences of crime and the measures to prevent the increase of the number of criminal offenses in the regions of Ukraine is proposed.
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Ahmedi, Sulejman. "The Distinctive Legal Features of Crimes Against Humanity." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 2 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i2.p124-128.

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This research intends to analyze general features and elements of criminal acts against humanity. Also in this paper, special attention was paid to the distinctive features that are crucial in the legal classification of crimes against humanity as offenses punished with international acts and legal regulations of each state. The term Crime against humanity first appeared in the London Agreement of 8 August 1945 establishing the International Military Tribunal. In the course of the preparatory work, it had become apparent that certain crimes committed during the Second World War were not, strictly speaking, war crimes. These were crimes whose victims were of the same nationality as the perpetrators, or nationals of an allied State and were committed for different motives. As early as March 1944, the representative of the United States of America on the Legal Committee of the United Nations War Crimes Commission proposed that crimes committed against stateless persons or any other person by reason of their race or religion should be declared "Crimes against humanity". It suggests, in at least two distinct ways, the enormity of these offenses of the other criminal offenses. First, the phrase "crimes against humanity" suggests offenses that aggrieve not only the victims and their own communities, but all human beings, regardless of their community. Second, the phrase suggests that these offenses cut deep, violating the core humanity that we all share and that distinguishes us from other natural beings. This double meaning gives the phrase potency, but also an ambiguity we may trace back to the double meaning of the word "humanity". "Humanity" means both the quality of being human-humanness-and the aggregation of all human beings-humankind. Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, "Are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of human beings". They are not isolated or sporadic events, but are part either of a government policy or of a wide practice of atrocities tolerated by a government or a de facto authority. The law traditionally distinguishes between crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes against public order, crimes against morals, and the like. Murder, extermination, torture, rape, political, racial or religious persecution and other inhumane acts reach the threshold of crimes against humanity only if they are part of a widespread or systematic practice.
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Ahmedi, Sulejman. "The Distinctive Legal Features of Crimes Against Humanity." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p124-128.

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This research intends to analyze general features and elements of criminal acts against humanity. Also in this paper, special attention was paid to the distinctive features that are crucial in the legal classification of crimes against humanity as offenses punished with international acts and legal regulations of each state. The term Crime against humanity first appeared in the London Agreement of 8 August 1945 establishing the International Military Tribunal. In the course of the preparatory work, it had become apparent that certain crimes committed during the Second World War were not, strictly speaking, war crimes. These were crimes whose victims were of the same nationality as the perpetrators, or nationals of an allied State and were committed for different motives. As early as March 1944, the representative of the United States of America on the Legal Committee of the United Nations War Crimes Commission proposed that crimes committed against stateless persons or any other person by reason of their race or religion should be declared "Crimes against humanity". It suggests, in at least two distinct ways, the enormity of these offenses of the other criminal offenses. First, the phrase "crimes against humanity" suggests offenses that aggrieve not only the victims and their own communities, but all human beings, regardless of their community. Second, the phrase suggests that these offenses cut deep, violating the core humanity that we all share and that distinguishes us from other natural beings. This double meaning gives the phrase potency, but also an ambiguity we may trace back to the double meaning of the word "humanity". "Humanity" means both the quality of being human-humanness-and the aggregation of all human beings-humankind. Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, "Are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of human beings". They are not isolated or sporadic events, but are part either of a government policy or of a wide practice of atrocities tolerated by a government or a de facto authority. The law traditionally distinguishes between crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes against public order, crimes against morals, and the like. Murder, extermination, torture, rape, political, racial or religious persecution and other inhumane acts reach the threshold of crimes against humanity only if they are part of a widespread or systematic practice.
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GARCIA, Danler, and Diego NUNES. "“É antes um delito político do que natural ou individual”: a condição jurídica dos delitos de abuso de liberdade de imprensa no Direito Penal do Brasil Império." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 13, no. 1 (2021): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113102.

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The following work focuses on the legal status of offenses against press freedom under the Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, whether common crimes, special crimes, or political crimes. In light of the absence in the historiography of historical-legal investigations into this unique issue, this article has sought to analyze historical sources, such as doctrines on criminal and constitutional law by the Empire’s authors, as well as contemporary literature on history, law, and other fields of knowledge distinct from law. The result reveals a disparity in sources on offenses against press freedom, classifying them as regular crime, crime sui generis, private crime, and political crime, with the latter type predominating.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political crimes and offenses, canada"

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Fletcher, Megan. "Along the road to reconciliation the challenges facing the truth commissions of El Salvador and Guatemala /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1509.

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Morris, Stephen David. "The causes, consequences and dynamics of political corruption in Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184518.

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Despite the pervasiveness of political corruption in Mexico, the topic has received little scholarly attention. Two objectives guide the current study: to contribute to the comparative literature on political corruption, and to incorporate corruption into an analysis of Mexican politics broadly conceived. Prompted by a host of problems with prior approaches to the study of corruption, the theoretical framework highlights the separation of the normative and behavioral dimensions of the central concept, ties corruption to a three-part model of the state and identifies bribery and extortion as two primary types of corruption. A state-society theory of corruption is presented that underscores the relative balance of state and social forces to offer routes of social mobility as the major determinant of political corruption. The direction of the imbalance between state and society determines, in turn, the bribery or extortion type of corruption dominating the system. Applying this framework, attention centers on the causes, consequences and dynamics of political corruption in Mexico. As to cause, it is argued that the overwhelming power of the Mexican state and the relative weakness of social organizations create the incentives for widespread extortion. Analysis focuses on factors internal to the state, the linkages between state and society and general aspects of society. Data on corruption are used to examine types of corruption, bureaucratic location and denouncing parties. In terms of the consequences of corruption, analysis underscores its contribution to political stability by integrating the political elite, cushioning the impact of policy, displacing political accountability and serving as a symbolic device to mobilize society. Although corruption has fostered widespread distrust of the government and governmental officials among the public, it is portrayed and seen as a non-systemic problem and hence does not erode diffuse system support. A survey of public opinion confirms high levels of distrust and shows such factors as socio-economic status and political involvement to be weak yet significant determinants of opinions towards corruption. Examination of the dynamics of corruption center on the short-term impact of the Mexican sexenio (six year political term) on the incidence and intensity of corruption and anti-corruption campaigns. Also, analysis focuses on the "crisis of corruption" characterizing Mexico in the decade of the eighties.
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Derbew, Sarah. "Educatio et alimenta puellis munificence or political tricks of emperors? /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3591.

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Alexander, Deanna W. "Political crime: an application of Merton's theory of social structure and anomie." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45592.

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Political crime receives little attention by criminologists relative to other forms of crime. What attention that has been given is hindered by lack of theoretical explanations to guide the research efforts, such as atheoretical descriptive accounts or typologies of political criminality. In this thesis, I apply Merton's theory of social structure and anomie to two CIA case studies: MKUltra (1950-1973) mind control/behavior modification experiments, and MHChaos (late 1950s-1974) a domestic counterintelligence program.

Anomie theory focuses on the disjuncture between cultural goals and institutional means to achieve end results. I argue that political crimes result when governmental agencies cannot reach their goals using legitimate means. Thus, they find illegitimate means, i.e. unlawful behavior, to obtain their goals. Specifically, the analysis of this thesis examines: (1) how the CIA defined their goals; (2) how the CIA justified the use of their innovative means to achieve the ends; (3) how the structural charter of the CIA facilitated the use of illegitimate means; and (4) how the CIA was able to temporarily dissolve the societal disjuncture of anomie.


Master of Science
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Alexander, Deanna W. "Political crime : an application of Merton's theory of social sturcture and anomie /." This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020037/.

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Achterhof, Jeffrey L. ""A grand bloodbath" : the western reaction to Joseph Stalin's 1930s show trials as foreign policy /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/achterhofj/jeffreyachterhof.pdf.

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Lawson, Cecil Bryant. "Leviathan's Rage: State Sovereignty and Crimes Against Humanity in the Late Twentieth Century." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/13/.

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Bawden, John Richard. "Outlook of the officers military thought in Chile, 1960-1990 /." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1818035981&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1265661615&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Febrary 8, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 427-448).
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Klaaren, Jonathan Eugene. "A contextual history of Christian institutional involvement in legal assistance to the victims of apartheid, 1960-1982." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14340.

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Bibliography: leaves 120-126.
The perspective of this dissertation is one grounded in taking an option for the poor and the oppressed in the South African context. Ultimately, this perspective is a theological belief. The perspective is thus that of an explicit choice against apartheid and for social justice. This choice is made on the basis of a social analysis of the South African context. The attempt to write this dissertation from the perspective of the poor and the oppressed is unlikely to succeed completely. As a privileged white, the perspective of the author cannot be fully identified with that of the poor and the oppressed in South Africa. Nonetheless, the attempt is made to write this dissertation from a liberating perspective.
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Pule, Quincy. "The efficacy of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in East London: perceptions of participants." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019920.

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This study examines the degree to which the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in East London have mitigated the impact of gross human rights violations on some of the Duncan Village victims. The research draws upon responses from a convenience sample of victims of apartheid atrocities guided by their own individual experiences, literature on conflict management, and TRC hearings that took place in other African states. The East London TRC hearings alert one to the brutality of the apartheid regime whose political intolerance unleashed violence against ordinary citizens of East London. Despite being seen as a witch hunt against the apartheid security establishment, most of the victims feel the TRC opened lines of communication between former enemies, although one cannot conclusively say that total reconciliation between victims and perpetrators has been achieved. Insofar as telling the truth is concerned, the concept defies unanimous acceptance as a contributor to peaceful co-existence. The mere fact that some perpetrators refused to appear before the TRC is an indication that the value attached to it differs from person to person, particularly in a situation where the political landscape is characterized by intimidation and fear. The treatise unveils the East London TRC as a platform for compromise as some of the victims felt anger and hatred for the perpetrators would amount to perpetual self-imposed ostracism. Noting that the TRC was never meant to hurt anyone, the treatise ushers one into a space where reconciliation takes precedence over vengeance.
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Books on the topic "Political crimes and offenses, canada"

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1935-, Greenwood F. Murray, Wright Barry 1957-, and Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History., eds. Canadian state trials. Published for the Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History by [the] University of Toronto Press, 1996.

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Hanks, Peter. National security: Surveillance and accountability in a democratic society : a project of the Centre for Research on Public Law and Public Policy, Osgoode Hall Law School of York University. Éditions Y. Blais, 1989.

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No more: The battle against human rights violations. Dundurn Press, 1994.

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The October crisis: An insider's view. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007.

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Vance, Mary A. Political crimes and offenses: Monographs. Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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Bilsky, Leora. Political trials. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2002.

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Bilsky, Leora. Political trials. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2002.

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Phil, Kelly, ed. Political trials in Britain. Penguin, 1985.

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R, Belknap Michal, ed. American political trials. Greenwood Press, 1994.

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Major crimes against the Soviet state. Law Library, Library of Congress, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political crimes and offenses, canada"

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Boutros, Andrew. "Canada." In From Baksheesh to Bribery. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190232399.003.0004.

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Like many OECD signatory countries, Canada has a checkered and inconsistent history of enforcement in relation to bribery and corruption offenses. In the past five years, however, Canada has taken deliberate and effective steps to strengthen its enforcement regime and was recently noted as one of the “most improved” nations in anti-bribery prosecutions by the OECD. In addition to a marked increase in prosecutions, these changes include the elimination of facilitation payments as a valid defense in 2017 and amendments to the governing legislation that allows Canadian authorities to prosecute nationals for crimes committed entirely abroad. The governing legislation in Canada relating to the bribing of foreign public officials is exclusively criminal in nature and has no statute of limitations. Both bribery and bookkeeping offenses are captured under the legislation. The combination of the lack of any time-based defenses, as well as the enhanced arsenal of the liberalization of the law of jurisdiction and the increased ambit of substantive offenses, point to a more robust enforcement regime for bribery and corruption offenses in Canada going forward.
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Xu, Xiaoqun. "The Legal System and the Rule of Law." In Heaven Has Eyes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060046.003.0010.

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Chapter 9 covers criminal justice in the first two decades after Mao’s death (1977–1996), when Deng Xiaoping was the top leader. With a brief summary of political developments, it outlines the post-Mao legal-judicial reforms as part of the reform and opening policies launched by Deng, including the enactment of the first Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedural Law of the PRC. While the Criminal Code retained Maoist language and influence, such as placing certain offenses in a category of “counterrevolutionary crimes,” the Criminal Procedural Law offered the beginning steps leading to procedural justice. The reforms included construction of a court system, professionalization of judges, and restoration of the legal profession. The chapter also looks at legal responses to reemerging crimes such as prostitution, human trafficking, narcotics trafficking, and pornography.
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Xu, Xiaoqun. "“Contradictions between the People and the Enemy”." In Heaven Has Eyes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060046.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 presents the Maoist theory of class struggle and its manifestation in dealing with common crimes and political offenses by legal (and extralegal) and judicial (and extrajudicial) means. Such practices originated in the pre-1949 revolutionary experiences and culminated in the disastrous Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The chapter explains the reasons why the CCP did not find it necessary to have a criminal code and a criminal procedural law, and how the mechanisms of social engineering that the CCP designed and developed helped social control and crime prevention. It traces the rationales and practices of “reform through labor” and “reeducation through labor” during the Mao era and after. It describes the political campaigns of the 1950s and 1960s that reached the point of lawlessness in the Cultural Revolution.
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Murphy, Lisa, Justin Smith, Emily D. Gottfried, and Daniel J. Brodsky. "Sex Offender Registries and Public Notification in the United States and Canada." In Sex Offenders, edited by Fabian M. Saleh, John M. Bradford, and Daniel J. Brodsky. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884369.003.0031.

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This chapter explores sex offender registries (SORs) and public notification (PN) in the United States and Canada. The process of maintaining a balance between protection of the public and an individual’s right to privacy becomes increasingly difficult when the offender is considered to be dangerous or “morally tainted.” Mechanisms, such as SORs and PN, have been implemented as a political response to highly publicized cases of sexual victimization. Supporters of these interventions claim that such supervisory methods will deter sexual offenders from reoffending while providing information on which the public may act to protect its children and others who may be vulnerable and at the same time giving an investigative tool with which police can more efficiently “solve” sexual offenses. In contrast, opponents of SORs and community notification stress concerns about a discriminatory aspect to the regulations that specifically targets sex offenders when there is an absence of evidence that sex offenders, as a general category, are at a greater risk to reoffend than other categories of offenders. Additionally, critics have raised concerns about the ethics and legality of infringing on the rights of a segment of the population who have already served their sentence and paid the penalty for their misconduct.
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Conference papers on the topic "Political crimes and offenses, canada"

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Stepanenko, Raviya, Alena Soldatova, Yakov Soldatov, Kirill Lyagin, and Ayaz Saifullin. "Methodological problems of countering terrorism: a theoretical-legal aspect." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.rqkx5127.

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The article discusses the theoretical and methodological problems of studying terrorism and the system of measures to counter it. Traditional methodological approaches have remained the important ways of organizing legal knowledge; they do not fully provide a comprehensive, integrated and systematic analysis of the extremely destructive manifestations of terrorism. Taking into account the implicitness of the methodology of positivist jurisprudence, which assigns a dominant role to the legislative sphere in the prevention of offenses, including crimes, the authors substantiate a synergetic approach. The latter, defining social systems as open rather than closed formations, contributes to a significant expansion of ideas about the negative impact of many factors (political, economic, socio-cultural ones, etc.) on the formation and development of terrorist ideas, views, goals and ways of their implementation. Russian and foreign legislation also notes a multifactorial set of reasons that contribute to the spread of ideology and the transformation of terrorist views and ideas in different states. The interdisciplinarity of synergetics, which studies the phenomenon (system) under consideration, should contribute to the development of a unified scientific view of the nature and essence of terrorism, which is necessary to improve rule-making and law enforcement in matters of global counterterrorism.
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