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Journal articles on the topic 'Political Information Exposures'
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1
Cabanay, Roanne Mae D., Erich Dawn P. Buat, Kyle Dominick A. Caab, et al. "Clicks to Campaigns: The Social Media Exposures on College Students' Political Engagement." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2025): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(1).02.
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The rise of social media has significantly altered how information is shared and consumed, leading to questions about its impact on various aspects of life, particularly in relation to political engagement. Social media has emerged as a powerful tool in modern society, shaping opinions, spreading information, influencing behaviors, and driving discussions on critical issues, including political awareness and active civic engagement worldwide. This investigation seeks to elucidate the connection between social media exposure and political engagement, while evaluating its significance in modern society. The study comprised 300 participants, including first to fourth-year students. This study employs a quantitative approach and adopts a descriptive-correlational design. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated a deviation from normal distribution in the data. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) showed a moderate positive correlation between social media use and political participation among the 300 participants (r = 0.472, p < 0.001). Students reported high social media use (M = 3.46, SD = 0.53), but relatively low political engagement (M = 2.51, SD = 0.724). Linear regression analysis confirmed social media use as a significant predictor of political participation (B = 0.724, p < 0.001), suggesting a positive relationship. This indicates that higher social media use may be associated with greater political involvement, despite the overall low level of engagement.
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Filippou, Ilias, Arie E. Gozluklu, and Mark P. Taylor. "Global Political Risk and Currency Momentum." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 53, no. 5 (2018): 2227–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109018000686.
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Using a measure of political risk, relative to the United States, that captures unexpected political conditions, we show that political risk is priced in the cross section of currency momentum and contains information beyond other risk factors. Our results are robust after controlling for transaction costs, reversals, and alternative limits to arbitrage. The global political environment affects the profitability of the momentum strategy in the foreign exchange market; investors following such strategies are compensated for the exposure to the global political risk of those currencies they hold, that is, the past winners, and exploit the lower returns of loser portfolios. The risk compensation is mainly justified by the different exposures of foreign currencies in the momentum portfolio to U.S. political shocks, which is the main component of global political risk.
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Cabanay, Roanne Mae D., Erich Dawn P. Buat, Kyle Dominick A. Caab, et al. "Clicks to Campaigns: The Social Media Exposures on College Students’ Political Engagement." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2025): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(1).02.
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The rise of social media has significantly altered how information is shared and consumed, leading to questions about its impact on various aspects of life, particularly in relation to political engagement. Social media has emerged as a powerful tool in modern society, shaping opinions, spreading information, influencing behaviors, and driving discussions on critical issues, including political awareness and active civic engagement worldwide. This investigation seeks to elucidate the connection between social media exposure and political engagement, while evaluating its significance in modern society. The study comprised 300 participants, including first to fourth-year students. This study employs a quantitative approach and adopts a descriptive-correlational design. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated a deviation from normal distribution in the data. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) showed a moderate positive correlation between social media use and political participation among the 300 participants (r = 0.472, p < 0.001). Students reported high social media use (M = 3.46, SD = 0.53), but relatively low political engagement (M = 2.51, SD = 0.724). Linear regression analysis confirmed social media use as a significant predictor of political participation (B = 0.724, p < 0.001), suggesting a positive relationship. This indicates that higher social media use may be associated with greater political involvement, despite the overall low level of engagement.
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Fahey, Barbara J., Susan E. Beekmann, James M. Schmitt, Joan M. Fedio, and David K. Henderson. "Managing Occupational Exposures to HIV-1 in the Healthcare Workplace." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 7 (1993): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646770.
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Managing occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the healthcare workplace remains both controversial and complex. Healthcare workers' perceptions of risk for occupational transmission of HIV-1, their knowledge of risk-reduction strategies, and their perceptions about appropriate postexposure management are all derived from an intricate interplay of scientific, political, social, and emotional sources. Following an occupational exposure to blood or blood-containing body fluids, a healthcare worker's immediate emotional response may be extreme gut-wrenching anxiety, with perceptions often biased by ignorance, uncertainty, and fear. The healthcare worker's postinjury emotional and psychological stress can be extraordinary; postinjury therapy, of necessity, must integrate medical, physical, psychological, and psychosocial aspects of care. Clinical decisions regarding HIV-1 injury management, therefore, are based not only on available scientific and medical information but also on measured actions designed to manage and presumably to diminish the profound anxiety almost invariably associated with an occupational exposure to HIV-1. In stark contrast to this common and extreme emotional reaction, the likelihood of disease transmission from such occupational exposures is relatively small.In this article, we will discuss a series of questions and issues typically encountered when a healthcare worker sustains an occupational exposure to HIV-1.
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Buturoiu, Dana Raluca, and Nicoleta Corbu. "Moderators of Framing Effects on Political Attitudes: Is Source Credibility Worth Investigating?" Středoevropské politické studie Central European Political Studies Review 17, no. 2 (2015): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cepsr.2015.2.155.
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This research paper focuses on indirect (mediated) media effects. In particular, we discuss which independent variables might intervene in and moderate the impact of framing effects on public attitudes (namely political trust), both in short-term and medium-term contexts. Among these, we focus on source credibility as a possible moderator of framing effects over time. The purpose of this study was to examine if and how source credibility influences individuals’ political trust. The moderator role of source credibility is analysed according to the exposure to different types of frames (repetitive or competitive) at different moments (one week or one month). By means of a framing experiment (N=769) on political topics, we argue that media frames could influence political trust: Source credibility has a marginal influence, which suggests that, with stronger stimulus material (video, as opposed to written press articles), the source could play an important role in the willingness of people to trust political figures in general. Thus, we might argue that the media play a significant role not only in offering information about politics and politicians, but also in altering people’s perceptions about them. On the other hand, time seems to matter, since framing effects are more powerful after competitive media exposures. This study proposes new theoretical insights into framing effects, in the sense that classical theories should be revisited in various cultural or political contexts
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Guseva Canu, Irina, Paul A. Schulte, Michael Riediker, Liliya Fatkhutdinova, and Enrico Bergamaschi. "Methodological, political and legal issues in the assessment of the effects of nanotechnology on human health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (2017): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-208668.
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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) raise questions among the scientific community and public health authorities about their potential risks to human health. Studying a prospective cohort of workers exposed to ENMs would be considered the gold standard for identifying potential health effects of nanotechnology and confirming the ‘no effect’ levels derived from cellular and animal models. However, because only small, cross-sectional studies have been conducted in the past 5 years, questions remain about the health risks of ENMs. This essay addresses the scientific, methodological, political and regulatory issues that make epidemiological research in nanotechnology-exposed communities particularly complex. Scientific challenges include the array of physicochemical parameters and ENM production conditions, the lack of universally accepted definitions of ENMs and nanotechnology workers, and the lack of information about modes of action, target organs and likely dose–response functions of ENMs. Standardisation of data collection and harmonisation of research protocols are needed to eliminate misclassification of exposures and health effects. Forming ENM worker cohorts from a combination of smaller cohorts and overcoming selection bias are also challenges. National or international registries for monitoring the exposures and health of ENM workers would be helpful for epidemiological studies, but the creation of such a registry and ENM worker cohorts will require political support and dedicated funding at the national and international levels. Public authorities and health agencies should consider carrying out an ENM awareness campaign to educate and engage all stakeholders and concerned communities in discussion of such a project.
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AGBIM, Kenneth. "THE ROLE OF PERSUASIVE APPEAL IN POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN NIGERIA." IMSU Journal of Communication Studies 9, no. 1 (2025): 212–2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15241777.
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Political campaigns are intended to educate, convince and win over electorates to support and vote for a political party and candidates during elections. This article delved into how this calculated effort at getting the electorates to shift their existing position or reinforce what they already know and belief in, is achieved through persuasion. Various articles and postulations on persuasive appeal strategies were reviewed and findings showed that people easily go for messages that appeal to their existing beliefs, psychographic exposures and cultural leanings. However, new information and knowledge when carefully framed and presented strongly and consistently can sway decisions and influence shifts in opinion and attitude. The recent United States presidential election presents a good example a messaged that connects with the belief and expectations of the audience. The consistent message of MAGA (Make America Great Again) resonated with the American electorates and lead to the electoral victory of Donald Trump. On the other hand, the 2023 Nigerian election threw up another example of electorates disregarding existing affiliations and leanings to embrace a new message of from Consumption to Production espoused by Governor Peter Obi.
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Micu, Anca C., and Iryna Pentina. "Examining search as opposed to experience goods when investigating synergies of internet news articles and banner ads." Internet Research 25, no. 3 (2015): 378–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2012-0242.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability of the economics of information-driven product categorization – search vs experience products – when investigating online brand advertising and news synergies. Design/methodology/approach – Randomized controlled post-test experiment with over 400 participants in three treatment groups involving exposures to paid advertising (banner ad-plus-banner ad) and publicity (news article-plus-banner ad and banner ad-plus-news article) for four products. Questionnaire upon web site exit tested differences in brand attitudes among treatment groups and product categories. Findings – Findings indicate that including news about the brand in the online brand communication mix – either before or after ads – generates higher brand attitude scores for experience products. For search products sequence matters and brand attitudes are more positive when consumers are exposed to news articles first followed by advertisements. Research limitations/implications – Findings limited to the four product categories and student participants. Practical implications – When promoting search goods online, brand managers should include publicity only before display advertising efforts. For experience goods, publicity generates higher brand attitude scores when included either before or while running display advertising. Originality/value – First study examining online publicity and advertising synergies from an economics of information theory perspective separating search from experience goods when promoting new/unknown brands online. In the online environment, the line between journalistic/news and promotional/advertising text-based content has become increasingly blurred. Compared to paid online advertising, using third-party attributed communications sources like publicity increases message credibility. Adding product-related news and blog articles to banner advertisements may benefit from synergistic effects and have consumers process the brand message more extensively. The order of exposure to the different brand messages matters when promoting search as opposed to experience products online.
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LaMontagne, Anthony D., David C. Christiani, and Mary Lee Dunn. "Prevention of Work-Related Cancers." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12, no. 2 (2002): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7lhn-3cdr-9cqr-2vqv.
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Work-related cancers are highly preventable. The primary responsibility for prevention rests not with the workers who are affected by cancers, but with the manufacturers and distributors of carcinogenic substances and the companies who use them. U.S. public policies of strict product liability and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 address the issue of responsibility. Workers, health care providers, and others also have important roles that complement employers' preventive efforts. The range of prevention strategies available includes ones that should be applied to prevent potentially carcinogenic substances from being marketed and distributed; others that apply in the workplace where potential carcinogens are used; and public policy interventions aimed at ensuring universal implementation of pre-market and workplace prevention strategies. Work-related cancer remains a large problem, even though strategies exist to identify carcinogens and prevent and control on-the-job exposures. However, preventive efforts by government and the society have stalled and a continuing lack of toxicity information shows inadequate societal commitment. The principal barriers to prevention of work-related cancers are political and economic rather than scientific and medical.
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Bryson, Bethany P. "Polarizing the middle: internet exposure and public opinion." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 1/2 (2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2019-0181.
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Purpose Research on opinion polarization in the USA repeatedly finds more divergence among politically privileged groups: respondents who are college educated, politically interested, party identified or have a liberal/conservative orientation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether their excluded counterparts can be polarized by exposure to political information on the internet. Design/methodology/approach Quantile regression and visual analysis of raw data from the online and face-to-face samples in the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Studies (n=9,563) assessed the impact of online political information on opinion polarization among ideological moderates, political Independents, respondents without a college degree, and those with low interest in politics. Findings Exposure to online political information during the survey was associated with significant polarizing shifts toward more consistent ideological positions in all four groups. Practical implications Engaging the middle is a social justice issue as much as a matter of political conflict, and evidence suggests that politically excluded groups use the internet to translate their own views into the language of policy opinions and popular (polarized) politics. Recommended policy interventions include information literacy programs. Further research should use experimental models and browser histories. Originality/value Current research on political polarization leaves open the question of whether larger portions of the electorate are available to join the fray. This study shows that excluded publics can be polarized via exposure to online information.
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Erisen, Cengiz, David P. Redlawsk, and Elif Erisen. "Complex Thinking as a Result of Incongruent Information Exposure." American Politics Research 46, no. 2 (2017): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x17725864.
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In this article, we explore whether incongruent information influences what people recall to mind about a presidential candidate’s policy statements. We investigate whether the volume of people’s political thoughts, their ability to produce arguments, the affective valence of these thoughts, and their integrative complexity are influenced by the congruency between new political information and prior political convictions. We conducted an experiment via MTurk manipulating the congruency of information with respect to ideology. Our results show that incongruency significantly alters how people think about politics. Incongruent information increases integrative complexity of the opposing thoughts, becomes more voluminous, and includes more rationales. Moreover, these defensive thoughts are significantly more negative and less positive about the incongruent information. Parallel to what studies on motivated reasoning demonstrated, we also find that politically knowledgeable people in particular seem to strengthen their thoughts’ cognitive structure while defending their priors against information counter to their political views. We further discuss the general effects of these results and the importance of challenges to existing beliefs in generating complex thought systems.
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Baltezarević, Radoslav, and Ivana Baltezarević. "Selective exposure in political communication." Megatrend revija 19, no. 3 (2022): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2203303b.
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People exhibit preferences, or seek out information that is consistent with their political beliefs and opinions, when they engage in selective exposure in politics. The theory of motivated reasoning states that people's pursuit of knowledge is driven by two distinct goals: accuracy goals (which promotes drawing accurate inferences) and directed goals (which encourage the making of conclusions that people want to make, and which corresponds to their attitude). In general, people rarely have complete or adequate political knowledge, but even in these situations, they oft en shape their political opinions using informational shortcuts such as partisan cues. Today's political media messages are so persuasive, particularly with the growth of the Internet, that the audience is powerless to ignore them. Partisan selectivity is a concept that holds that people tend to prefer news and political content that supports their political beliefs. People may be inspired to seek out more information if they are exposed to a variety of political beliefs. On the other hand, those who tend to avoid political information that challenges their beliefs cause the community to become more politically divided. Studies have shown that social norms and community expectations affect selective exposure, which differs depending on the country's cultural environment.
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Johnson, Thomas J., Weiwu Zhang, and Shannon L. Bichard. "Voices of Convergence or Conflict? A Path Analysis Investigation of Selective Exposure to Political Websites." Social Science Computer Review 29, no. 4 (2010): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439310379962.
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This research used a path analysis model to explore the degree to which reliance on off-line and online media, off-line and online discussion of political issues, as well as political attitudes predict whether an individual will engage in selective exposure to political websites. The study also looked at selective avoidance of contradictory information on websites. The results indicate that respondents did indeed practice selective exposure when accessing information on political websites, especially among those who are politically active online and those who rely heavily on websites and blogs for political information. However, the results showed that selective avoidance did not occur, with those exhibiting increased political interest and online participation significantly less likely to avoid information that challenges their views.
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Weeks, Brian E., Daniel S. Lane, Dam Hee Kim, Slgi S. Lee, and Nojin Kwak. "Incidental Exposure, Selective Exposure, and Political Information Sharing: Integrating Online Exposure Patterns and Expression on Social Media." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 22, no. 6 (2017): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12199.
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Political information sharing in social media offers citizens opportunities to engage with news and express their political views, but how do different patterns of online political information exposure, including both incidental and selective exposure, affect sharing? Using two-wave panel survey data collected in the United States, we examine the relationship between incidental and selective exposure and their consequent links to political information sharing, across different levels of strength of political party affiliation. Our results demonstrate that incidental exposure to counter-attitudinal information drives stronger partisans to more actively seek out like-minded political content, which subsequently encourages political information sharing on social media. The results highlight the need to consider both types of political information exposure when modeling citizens' political behavior online.
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Adamopoulos, Ioannis Pantelis, and Niki Fotios Syrou. "Administration safety and occupational risks relationship with job position training quality and needs of medical public health services workforce correlated by political leadership interventions." Electronic Journal of Medical and Educational Technologies 16, no. 3 (2023): em2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejmets/13585.
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<b>Background:</b> Workplaces are changing, work exposures are changing, and medical public health workers’ ability to continue doing productive and healthy work is being impacted by social, technical, environmental, economic, and political pressures. This Research has shown the strong link between safety and occupational risks relationship with job position training quality and needs, and their consequences on medical public health services workforce. To determine the severity of the impact as signs of presents a range of threats provides evidence of the perceived risks predictors of these needs, although the sociodemographic characteristics describe the frequency of risk exposure.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> This research is a nationwide study in Greece, construction March to June of 2022. For data collection, a web link was distributed to respondents by email. Providing n=185 responses, safety and occupational risks classification, and were measured with a questionnaire instrument developed, and also a questionnaire developed instrument for measured training needs and quality. ANOVAs one-way test to define variable properties job position, training quality, and training needs correlated by political leadership interventions factor (F).<br /> <b>Results: </b>Chemical risks scores for head of office (median [Mdn]=2.13) were higher to all other job position, <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i>= 10.991, p&lt;0.05. Biological risks for head of office (Mdn=3.08) were higher compared to all other categories, <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i>=20.770, p&lt;0.01. Psychosocial risks scores for employees (Mdn=3.08) were higher compared to all other categories, <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i>=11.349, p&lt;0.05. Organizational risks scores for employees (Mdn=2.84) and head of office (Mdn=2.78) were higher compared to all other categories, and the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that this difference was statistically significant, <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i>(4)=18.278, p&lt;0.01. Perceived training quality 43.78% of participants rate as low (<i>β</i>=0.195, p=0.002), and 65.41% high training needs.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions:</b> Adding new data to advance the quality of public health services provision organizational support, benefits, resources, and personal protective equipment. Assist in the planning and decision-making phase management provide educational training programs of medical public health workforce to ensure sustainability and optimal performance. There has never been a greater need for trustworthy and unbiased information to assist and guide policymakers, employers, and employees as they go forward.
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Miglionico, Andrea. "The Use of Technology in Corporate Management and Reporting of Climate-Related Risks." European Business Organization Law Review 23, no. 1 (2022): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40804-021-00233-z.
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AbstractSustainable finance and climate change have emerged as areas of renewed interest in the wake of the global financial crisis, when the assessment of companies’ risk management was shown to be the key to the prevention of systemic disruption. While many aspects of corporate disclosures were radically and quickly revised following the crisis, even several years later commentators have pointed to a continuing pressure for improvement to regulatory requirements in relation to financial statements. Much of the debate focuses on the need for expedited operational execution of reporting information. Over the past decade significant advances have taken place in digital technologies, especially with respect to the security and processing of granular data. This article examines how these new technologies can be deployed in a manner that will address the need to eliminate the vulnerabilities of the climate risk management process, which requires standardisation of data in order to improve managerial decision-making and the desired outcomes. It further explores the use of technology to enhance the evaluation of climate change impact on company exposures, and to advance transparency in regulatory reporting for financial institutions. Technology applications such as automated language systems offer opportunities to align corporate disclosure with climate change policy objectives, which in turn can increase sustainability in the performance of companies’ activities.
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Vössing, Konstantin, and Till Weber. "Information Behavior and Political Preferences." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 2 (2017): 533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000600.
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This article shows that citizens consider policy positions for the formation of their political preferences when they actively seek and find high-quality information, while they dismiss passively acquired and low-quality information. The study develops an extended theory of information and political preferences that incorporates the process of information acquisition and its connection with information quality. A novel experimental design separates the effects on political preferences due to information behavior as an activity from those due to selective exposure to information. The study applies this design in a laboratory experiment with a diverse group of participants using the example of issue voting and European integration in the context of the 2014 European Parliament elections.
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Heiss, Raffael, and Jörg Matthes. "Does incidental exposure on social media equalize or reinforce participatory gaps? Evidence from a panel study." New Media & Society 21, no. 11-12 (2019): 2463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819850755.
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Existing research indicates that incidental exposure to political information on social media may function as an equalizer, stimulating political engagement among the politically detached. In this article, we challenge this notion and propose that there are good reasons to assume that incidental exposure may reinforce existing gaps. We test the equalizing against the reinforcing hypothesis using data from a two-wave panel study ( N = 559). We find a positive main effect of incidental exposure on low-effort digital participation. However, this effect was not conditional on political interest, as the equalizing assumption would have suggested. More interestingly, we found that the effect of incidental exposure on high-effort digital participation was conditional on political interest. However, against the assumption of equalization, individuals with low levels of political interest were negatively affected by incidental exposure, thus lending support for the reinforcement hypothesis. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Benton, Laurie, Linda Cook, Bob Haddad, and Paul Boehm. "LESSONS LEARNED: THE CASE FOR DATA OPTIMIZATION BETWEEN RESPONSE AND NRDA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 3134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.3134.
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ABSTRACT 2017-284: Over the past decade, three realizations have evolved from our collection and analysis of oil spill data. First is that more response data are being collected than ever before, including field and laboratory measurements in addition to observational data. To process this diverse information, we use sophisticated computer-based systems that allow us to integrate, analyze, and visualize satellite imagery, real-time weather and ship locations, field notes (e.g., shoreline cleanup assessment technique [SCAT] data), chemistry data, and photos. The second is the increased political and social interest in spills. Increased use of social media and the impact of these information pathways on the public’s perception of the spill response can drive real political decisions; making spill communications based on timely and high data quality critical. Lastly is the growing linkages between the collection, management, and uses of environmental data, not only for spill response, but also for NRD assessment (NRDA), determination of civil penalties (e.g., the Clean Water Act [CWA]), and third party legal claims. For example, observational and remote sensing data collected for response actions will ultimately be used to understand questions about contaminant pathways and exposures inherent to NRDA. Similarly, data collected as part of response mitigation and cleanup needs often provides our earliest understanding of the potential and actual natural resource damage issues, which are important for NRDA, third party claims, and CWA penalty mitigation. Historically, the inherent differences in temporal and spatial scales over which oil spill data are collected and used, coupled with the requirements of data quality, usability, and/or provenance, diminishes the ability to effectively optimize collection and uses of these data. Data optimization recognizes that data can/will have multiple uses and thus requires all data, whether response or NRDA-related to be of high and equivalent quality and be based on compatible, if not identical, data quality objectives (DQOs). In this paper, we review several examples that underscore the need for data optimization in environmental data collection. Specifically, we will explore how a focus on the long view and the need for data optimization can drive the collection of appropriate and multipurpose data, as well as inform the structure of data management systems. Using specific examples, we will demonstrate the value of embracing a data optimization framework in developing a common sample/data collection imperative that facilitates multiple uses.
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Wiseman, Martin J. "Nutrition and cancer: prevention and survival." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 5 (2018): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002222.
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AbstractCancer is increasing worldwide. Patterns of cancer are also changing. The evidence is summarised in the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research report Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. The plasticity of cancer patterns implicates environmental factors as determinants of cancer, and nutrition influences key cellular and molecular processes that characterise cancer. Epidemiology identifies associations between aspects of diet, nutrition, and physical activity with one or more cancers; there is evidence for plausible mechanisms that imply that these are causal. Some nutritional exposures (alcohol and processed meat) are likely causal factors, but no singular factor protects against cancer (except dietary fibre for colorectal cancer). Cancer protection mainly derives from a systemic metabolic environment that promotes healthy cell replication and tissue integrity. Such a nutritional state reflects avoiding excess adiposity through healthy dietary patterns rich in plant foods (legumes, wholegrains, pulses, vegetables and fruits), with modest meat, fish and dairy, low in alcohol and salt preserved foods, and an active way of life, avoiding sedentary behaviours. Less is known about the impact of nutritional interventions in people with a diagnosis of cancer, but nutrition including adiposity and physical activity predict breast cancer outcome. Promoting healthy ways of life requires public information and education, but alone these do not generate change; a socio-political and cultural environment that is conducive to adopting healthy behaviours is needed. Uncertainties in the evidence offer promising directions for future research, but sufficient is known to act as a basis for public policy and clinical practice.
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Nanz, Andreas, and Jorg Matthes. "Learning from Incidental Exposure to Political Information in Online Environments." Journal of Communication 70, no. 6 (2020): 769–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa031.
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Abstract This article aims to explain learning outcomes of incidental exposure (IE) to political information in online environments. Drawing on the Political Incidental News Exposure Model, we predict learning outcomes by distinguishing between first-level (i.e., scanning of incidentally encountered information) and second-level IE (i.e., effortful processing of incidentally encountered information appraised as relevant). Furthermore, we conceptualize intention-based IE (i.e., while looking for non-political content) and topic-based IE (i.e., while looking for different political content). In a 2x2 experiment (N = 290), we manipulated respondents’ initial processing goal (i.e., political or non-political information) and low (i.e., first-level IE) versus high (i.e., second-level IE) relevance of the incidentally encountered information. Results show stronger learning effects for second level than for first-level IE. Learning effects do not differ between topic-based and intention-based IE, but second-level IE decreases learning related to the initial processing goal. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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Pan, Jennifer, and Margaret E. Roberts. "Censorship’s Effect on Incidental Exposure to Information: Evidence From Wikipedia." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (2020): 215824401989406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894068.
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The fast-growing body of research on internet censorship has examined the effects of censoring selective pieces of political information and the unintended consequences of censorship of entertainment. However, we know very little about the broader consequences of coarse censorship or censorship that affects a large array of information such as an entire website or search engine. In this study, we use China’s complete block of Chinese language Wikipedia ( zh.wikipedia.org ) on May 19, 2015, to disaggregate the effects of coarse censorship on proactive consumption of information—information users seek out—and on incidental consumption of information—information users are not actively seeking but consume when they happen to come across it. We quantify the effects of censorship of Wikipedia not only on proactive information consumption but also on opportunities for exploration and incidental consumption of information. We find that users from mainland China were much more likely to consume information on Wikipedia about politics and history incidentally rather than proactively, suggesting that the effects of censorship on incidental information access may be politically significant.
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Neely, Stephen R. "Politically Motivated Avoidance in Social Networks: A Study of Facebook and the 2020 Presidential Election." Social Media + Society 7, no. 4 (2021): 205630512110554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211055438.
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This study considers politically motivated unfriending/unfollowing on Facebook in the lead up to the 2020 Presidential election. As social media has grown more central to public discourse, it has been suggested that these types of avoidance behaviors might contribute to the formation of partisan echo chambers, whereby users may limit their exposure to competing viewpoints and corrective information by eliminating the network ties that transmit it. Building on prior research, this study explores the relationship between politically motivated avoidance and user perceptions of social media’s credibility as a source of political information. A pre-election survey of voting age adults in the state of Florida is analyzed to identify both the frequency and predictors of politically motivated avoidance. The results suggest that avoidance is a function of both individual political characteristics and user perceptions of information credibility. The findings are considered in the context of previous literature, and important avenues for future research are discussed.
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Vraga, Emily. "Party differences in political content on social media." Online Information Review 40, no. 5 (2016): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-10-2015-0345.
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Purpose Social networking sites (SNS) increasingly serve as a source of political content for Americans. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationships between types of political content exposure, especially congruent vs incongruent content, and its effects on political expression and participation. This study pays special attention to whether these relationships differ depending on whether an individual affiliates with the Republican or Democratic party. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a representative national sample to examine the relationships among exposure to congruent vs incongruent political content via SNS, political expression, and political participation. This study also tests whether these relationships are consistent for Democrats vs Republicans. Findings The results suggest the effects of political content exposure on political expression on SNS depend on how many friends post about politics, as well as whether that content is congruent or incongruent with one’s political beliefs. Moreover, the relationship between exposure to congruent vs incongruent content, political expression, and political participation differs for Republicans and Democrats. Originality/value This study highlights the need for researchers to take more care in distinguishing the type of and the audience for political content exposure via social media websites. Further, if the relationships between seeing political content via social media and acting upon such content – either through posting behaviors or participatory activities – differs by political group, it raises the potential for disparities in democratic engagement.
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Hinckley, Robert A., and Allison Harell. "Selective exposure and the authoritarian dynamic: Evidence from Canada and the United States." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 1 (2020): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1085.
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This study explores to what extent selective exposure to political messages can produce political (in)tolerance among authoritarians and non-authoritarians. Drawing on a selection-exposure experiment embedded within an online survey conducted in the United States (N = 1978) and Canada (N = 1673), we explore how authoritarians and non-authoritarians react to framing around civil liberties controversies. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a message about a controversial group. In the forced-choice condition, participants were randomly assigned a political or non-political message. In a second condition, participants were given a choice of which message to read more about. The results show that authoritarians who are politically knowledgeable generally avoid messages that promote free speech by consuming non-political information. While messages about the dangers of free speech have the potential to produce more intolerance among authoritarians, we found that this effect was limited to those who are the least likely to consume them when given a choice. By contrast, we found that messages about the risk posed by free speech produced intolerance among non-authoritarians for whom threat-related cognitions were already chronically accessible. The effects of pro-civil liberties messages were limited to unthreatened non-authoritarians. Hence, we conclude that in the contemporary information environment selective exposure can increase polarization around a civil liberties controversy by producing attitude change but this occurs mainly among non-authoritarians.
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Matthes, Jörg, Andreas Nanz, Marlis Stubenvoll, and Raffael Heiss. "Processing news on social media. The political incidental news exposure model (PINE)." Journalism 21, no. 8 (2020): 1031–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884920915371.
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This article outlines the Political Incidental News Exposure Model. The Political Incidental News Exposure Model understands incidental news exposure as a dynamic process and distinguishes two levels of incidental news exposure: the passive scanning of incidentally encountered political information (first level) and the intentional processing of incidentally encountered content appraised as relevant (second level). After encountering political information incidentally, recipients briefly check the content for relevance (i.e., first level). If content is appraised as relevant, recipients switch to more intensive processing (i.e., second level incidental news exposure). Importantly, second-level incidental news exposure is assumed to have stronger effects on political outcome variables like participation and knowledge than first-level incidental news exposure. The Political Incidental News Exposure Model further acknowledges intention-based (i.e., incidental news exposure while not looking for political news) and topic-based incidental news exposure (i.e., incidental news exposure while looking for other political news) and it conceptualizes incidental news exposure with respect to political and non-political content. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
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Ahmed, Yasir, and Jitendra Singh. "The Role of Selective Exposure in Shaping Public Perception of Political Information: An Empirical Study." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 5S (2025): 710–15. https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2121.
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In the post-truth era, selective exposure to political information significantly influences public perception, reinforcing ideological polarization. This study examines the extent to which individuals engage with diverse political perspectives and the psychological and algorithmic mechanisms that shape selective exposure. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey conducted in Jammu and Kashmir, the study analyzes the relationship between media consumption patterns, political discussions, and resistance to contradictory viewpoints. The findings confirm that frequent exposure to political information correlates with higher rejection of opposing views, reinforcing cognitive dissonance and confirmation bias. Moreover, self-reported efforts to diversify media consumption did not align with actual exposure, indicating performative rather than substantive diversification. These results underscore the role of social and digital media in deepening ideological divides, highlighting the need for interventions that promote genuine exposure to diverse perspectives.
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Calderon, Leianne Zyra, Khristel Joy Tabladillo, and Karla Auria Galeon. "Philippine University Students’ Exposure To Political Promotion On Tiktok and Their Political Participation." International Journal of Global Community 8, no. 1 (2025): 55–76. https://doi.org/10.33473/ijgc-ri.v8i1.262.
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The use of the Internet has become the main source of political efficacy and participation, enhancing awareness about voting and campaigning. With Media Dependency and Social Cognitive Theories as frameworks, this study intended to know the relationship between Filipino university students’ exposure to political promotion on TikTok, and their political participation during the 2022 Philippine National Election. This study considered the self-report of a total of 300 respondents with a quantitative research design, specifically correlational research method, to analyze the data. The findings show that the respondents had a moderate amount of exposure to political promotion content on TikTok. The study puts forward that TikTok is influential in affecting respondents’ understanding and awareness of political information because exposure showed a significant positive relationship with knowledge of politics. Additionally, this study observed a significant positive correlation between respondents’ exposure and their attitude towards politics-related activities. Similarly, exposure and behavior established a positive and significant relationship. The respondents’ amount of exposure was enough to create subsequent media effects on the cognitive, attitude, and behavior of the respondents towards political-related information and activities, despite only registering at a moderate level. Because knowledge and exposure had a positive relationship, it resulted in a subsequent positive effect. According to the knowledge-attitude-behavior model, knowledge is essential for effecting changes in behavior and attitude. This study highlights the significance of new media, particularly TikTok, on Filipino university students’ political engagement. It also draws attention to other aspects, like culture, that may have an impact on their political participation.
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Ziani, Abdul-Karim, Mokhtar Elareshi, and Khalid Al-Jaber. "News Media Exposure and Political Communication among Libyan Elites at the Time of War." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2017): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p330.
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Abstract Many critical questions concerning the relationship between the news media and political knowledge involve the extent to which the media facilitate learning about news, war and politics. Political awareness - via the news media - affects virtually every aspect of citizens’ political attitudes and behaviours. This paper examines how Libyan elites adopt the news media to access news and information regarding the current Libyan war and politics and how they use political communication and new media to build/spread political awareness. With the expansion of private and state-owned television in Libya, concern has grown that these new TV services will survive in providing information about citizens’ interests, including the new, developing political scene. A total of 134 highly educated Libyan professionals completed an online survey, reporting their perceptions of issues covered by national TV services. This account centres on how those elites consume the media and what level of trust they have in the media and in information and what the role of the media in their country should be. The results show that most respondents, especially those who live outside the country, prefer using different Libyan news platforms. However, 50 per cent of these do not trust these channels as a source of information regarding the civil war, associated conflicts and politics in general. They have grown weary of coverage that represents the interests of those who run or own the services and consequently place little trust in the media. Spreading ‘lies as facts’ has affected the credibility of these services. Politically, these respondents wish the media to discuss solutions and act as a force for good, not for division. They also differed in the number and variety of national news sources that they reportedly used. This paper also highlights the role of social media, mobile telephony and the Internet, as well as the rapidly proliferating private and national media. These findings are also discussed in relation to the growing impact of online sources in Libyan society, social and political change and the emergence of new media platforms as new sources of information.
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Lu, Yanqin, and Jae Kook Lee. "Stumbling upon the other side: Incidental learning of counter-attitudinal political information on Facebook." New Media & Society 21, no. 1 (2018): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818793421.
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Drawing on a panel survey and a laboratory experiment, this study investigates incidental exposure to counter-attitudinal political information on Facebook. The frequency of Facebook use is found positively associated with incidental exposure to counter-attitudinal political information, suggesting the important role of Facebook in exposing users to political disagreement. In addition, the findings of the experiment indicate that individuals coming across counter-attitudinal Facebook posts are able to recognize the information of these posts. This study suggests that incidental exposure is an important mechanism through which social media users encounter and learn about counter-attitudinal political information. Implications are discussed in terms of the influence of social media use on democracy.
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Burghartswieser, Dominic, and Tobias Rothmund. "Conservative bias, selective political exposure and truly false consensus beliefs in political communication about the ‘refugee crisis’ in Germany." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259445.
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The rise of digital media has increased the opportunities for individuals to self-select political content online. This development has stimulated empirical research on how people select political information, especially when political beliefs are at stake. In the present paper, we tested a series of theory-derived assumptions about antecedents and consequences of selective exposure to confirmative political information and opinions in the digital arena. We conducted an online survey with German Internet users (N = 897, April 2016) and assessed political attitudes, media use and general beliefs in the context of the so-called “migration crisis”. 28% of the participants in our sample reported exposure to a confirmative information environment. They are more likely to hear or read about political opinions on migration and political asylum that are similar to their own compared to cross-cutting content. We found no evidence for the assumption that the technological affordances of the Internet foster this form of selective political exposure. Instead, our analyses indicate that conservatism is a positive predictor of selecting confirmative information environments when it comes to migration and political asylum. We also gathered evidence that this relation is mediated by perceived threat and that selective political exposure is linked to truly false consensus beliefs. Our findings inform supply- and demand-side explanations of selective political exposure online. We discuss the relevance for psychological theories about the motivational underpinnings of selective exposure.
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Matuszewski, Paweł, and Gabriella Szabó. "Are Echo Chambers Based on Partisanship? Twitter and Political Polarity in Poland and Hungary." Social Media + Society 5, no. 2 (2019): 205630511983767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119837671.
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In this study, we investigate how Twitter allows individuals in Hungary and Poland to experience different political views. To comprehend citizens’ exposure to political information, “who’s following who?” graphs of 455,912 users in Hungary (851,557 connections) and 1,803,837 users in Poland (10,124,501 connections) are examined. Our conceptual point of departure is that Twitter follower networks tell us whether individuals prefer to be members of a group that receives one-sided political messages, or whether they tend to form politically heterogeneous clusters that cut across ideological lines. Methodologically, such connections are best studied by means of computer-aided quantitative research complemented by the sociocentric approach of network analysis. Our data date from September 2018. The findings for Poland do not support the hypothesis of clusters emerging along partisan lines. Likewise, the Hungarian case reveals sharp group divisions on Twitter, the nodes however are diverse and overlapping in terms of political leaning. The data suggest that exposure and segregation in follower networks are not necessarily based on partisanship.
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Yamamoto, Masahiro, and Alyssa C. Morey. "Incidental News Exposure on Social Media: A Campaign Communication Mediation Approach." Social Media + Society 5, no. 2 (2019): 205630511984361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119843619.
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This study, derived from campaign communication mediation models, examines how incidental news exposure on social media affects political participation. Analysis of two-wave panel data collected before the 2016 US presidential election shows that incidental news exposure on social media is associated with increases in offline and online political participation (1) through online political information seeking and (2) through online political information seeking and online political expression in serial. Interestingly, results show that incidental news exposure on social media also has a direct negative relationship with offline and online political participation. Implications for the political utility of social media are discussed.
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Luebke, Simon M., and Ines Engelmann. "Do We Know Politicians’ True Selves From the Media? Exploring the Relationship Between Political Media Exposure and Perceived Political Authenticity." Social Media + Society 8, no. 1 (2022): 205630512210770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221077030.
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Authenticity is an increasingly important factor in citizens’ evaluations of political candidates and their voting decisions. As citizens value political authenticity, politicians attempt to appear true to themselves in the public eye. However, little research has examined how these perceptions of politicians as more or less authentic are constructed. This study examines how citizens form perceptions of politicians’ authenticity and particularly sheds light on the relationship between political media exposure and perceived political authenticity. Drawing on the literature on performed authenticity in social media, personalized media coverage, and information processing, we examine the effects of exposure to political information in different media on perceptions of political authenticity and its subdimensions. Results from an online quota survey in Germany ( N = 1,210) show that differences in perceived political authenticity are not simply determined by citizens’ political attitudes but can also be explained by their frequency of exposure to political information in different media types. When citizens use private TV news, political accounts on social media, and follow candidate profiles, they perceive politicians as more authentic. Our analyses also suggest that some effects of media exposure on perceived political authenticity are conditioned by citizens’ party identification and their tendency to select ideologically congruent political information.
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Kim, Yonghwan. "How Cross-Cutting News Exposure Relates to Candidate Issue Stance Knowledge, Political Polarization, and Participation: The Moderating Role of Political Sophistication." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 31, no. 4 (2019): 626–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edy032.
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AbstractThis article seeks to improve our understanding of the role of cross-cutting news exposure in a democratic process—that is, whether and how exposure to counter-attitudinal news information is associated with citizens’ political issue knowledge, attitudinal polarization, and engagement in political activities. The results provide 2 contrasting roles of exposure to dissonant media outlets. On the one hand, results offer some evidence that dissonant media use contributes to gaining issue knowledge and inspiring citizen participation. On the other hand, some findings suggest that it reinforces, rather than attenuates, citizens’ attitudinal polarization. Thus, the findings from this study indicate mixed effects of exposure to counter-attitudinal news information.
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Kamada, Hitoshi. "Young People’s Interaction with Political Information in Japan." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 16, no. 1 (2024): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v16.i1.8613.
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This paper investigated how Japanese young people’s attitudes toward politics and the social environments they are in affect their interaction with political information in their daily life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty people to gather data about their experiences with political information and their attitudes toward politics. The results show that they have mixed feelings about political information, which arise from personal factors but are interrelated with broader social factors. Their attitude, which comprises their sense of remoteness to politics, low political efficacy, and difficulty understanding politics, reduces their interest in knowing political information. Social factors that limit opportunities for political participation and conversation diminish the utility of information and the motivation for seeking information. The habit of monitoring political information, often facilitated by experience watching television news with family, emerges as a factor that can maintain young people’s exposure to political information, regardless of their level of political interest.
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Kaid, Lynda Lee. "Political Advertising and Information Seeking: Comparing Exposure via Traditional and Internet Channels." Journal of Advertising 31, no. 1 (2002): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2002.10673658.
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Huang, Haifeng, and Yao-Yuan Yeh. "Information from Abroad: Foreign Media, Selective Exposure and Political Support in China." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 2 (2017): 611–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000739.
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What kind of content do citizens in a developing and authoritarian country like to acquire from Western free media? What are the effects of their potentially selective exposure? In a survey experiment involving 1,200 Chinese internet users from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds, this study finds that Chinese citizens with higher pro-Western orientations and lower regime evaluations are more inclined to read content that is positive about foreign countries or negative about China. More importantly, reading relatively positive foreign media content about foreign countries can improve rather than worsen the domestic evaluations of citizens who self-select such content. The article argues that this is because reputable Western media outlets’ reports are generally more realistic than overly rosy information about foreign socio-economic conditions that popularly circulates in China. Consequently, foreign media may have a corrective function and enhance regime stability in an authoritarian country by making regime critics less critical. The article also introduces a new variant of the patient preference trial design that integrates self-selection and random assignment of treatments in a way that is useful for studying information effects.
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Garrett, R. Kelly, Dustin Carnahan, and Emily K. Lynch. "A Turn Toward Avoidance? Selective Exposure to Online Political Information, 2004–2008." Political Behavior 35, no. 1 (2011): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-011-9185-6.
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Lyons, Benjamin A. "Discussion Network Activation: An Expanded Approach to Selective Exposure." Media and Communication 7, no. 3 (2019): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i3.2112.
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Studies of selective exposure have focused on use of traditional media sources. However, discussion networks are an integral part of individuals’ information diets. This article extends the selective exposure literature by exploring the potential for networks to likewise be selectively accessed. A pre-registered experiment found that participants nominate denser, more ideologically coherent networks in response to congenial political news relative to uncongenial news, and express willingness to share it with more people. Analysis of open-ended data suggest shared political beliefs are more likely to motivate discussant selection in response to congenial, rather than uncongenial, news. Properties of networks generated in response to political and non-political news did not vary. These results provide nuance to our understanding of political information exposure.
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OYEWOLE, JOHN. "Correlations between Exposure to YouTube-Casting and Partisan Political Awareness." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 5, no. 4 (2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v5i4.922.
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Due to significant digital mobile device penetration around the world, many conventional media broadcast outfits use YouTube as a synergising channel. Understandably, what is herein coined as “YouTube-Casting” is usually intended to reach audiences who are assumed to view media contents via small-smart device screen -other than regular television sets. One may readily assume that YouTube-Casting is beneficial for conventional news dissemination towards partisan politics information awareness. In view of the resounding significance of contemporary partisan politics -which is usually tension filled, and can drive passions, conventional television ideological information exposure on mobile sophisticated attractive smart digital screens via YouTube is growing. However, knowledge of the correlation between YouTube-Casting exposure to political information disseminated by conventional news organisations and partisan political awareness is limited. This research stems from such curiosity. While YouTube doubles as social media where people get exposed to entertainment among other light-hearted media contents, it remains doubtful how conventional television breast contents synergised via YouTube do offer partisan political information. This article -stemming from recruited survey research method that is built around the uses and gratification and rational choice theories found that audience research and ethical profiling is critical towards understanding phoned-based attitudes for enhanced efficient media convergence strategies. Digital channels such as YouTube, automatically provides for access to audiences towards dissemination of partisan political information. However, exposure to YouTube-Casting does not guarantee partisan Political awareness.
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Powell, Thomas E., Michael Hameleers, and Toni G. L. A. van der Meer. "Selection in a Snapshot? The Contribution of Visuals to the Selection and Avoidance of Political News in Information-Rich Media Settings." International Journal of Press/Politics 26, no. 1 (2020): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161220966730.
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The psychological bases of the selection and attitudinal response to news media have received ample attention in political communication research. However, the interplay between three crucial factors in today’s online, high-choice news media settings remains understudied: (1) textual versus multimodal (text-plus-visual) communication; (2) attitude congruent versus attitude incongruent versus balanced content; and (3) political versus nonpolitical genres. Relying on an experimental study of refugee and gun control news in the United States ( N = 1,159), this paper investigates how people select and avoid, and also the extent to which they agree with, congenial, uncongenial, and balanced political news in a realistic multimodal selective-exposure setting in which political news is presented alongside sports and entertainment news. Although the findings partially depend on the issue, we find that the presence of multimodal (compared to textual) entertainment and sport items can increase avoidance of political news. Multimodal (compared to textual) political news augments attitude congruent selective exposure instead of encouraging cross-cutting selective exposure. Once selected, multimodal political news articles evoke stronger emotions and lead to higher issue agreement than textual news, regardless of an article’s attitude congruence. By linking research on text-alone to multimodal selective exposure, this study shows that visuals in high-choice media environments can contribute to the selective avoidance of political news generally and cross-cutting political news more specifically.
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Tang, Gary, Eva Hung, Ho-Kong Au-Yeung, and Samson Yuen. "Politically Motivated Internet Addiction: Relationships among Online Information Exposure, Internet Addiction, FOMO, Psychological Well-being, and Radicalism in Massive Political Turbulence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020633.
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This research examines the mediating role of the tendency for Internet addiction, fear of missing out (FOMO), and psychological well-being in the relationship between online exposure to movement-related information and support for radical actions. A questionnaire survey that targets tertiary students was conducted during the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) Movement (N = 290). The findings reveal the mediating effect of Internet addiction and depression on the main relationship. These findings enrich the literature of political communication by addressing the political impact of Internet use beyond digital architecture. From the perspective of psychology, this research echoes the literature that concerns depression symptoms driven by a protest environment. Radical political attitudes driven by depression during protests should also be concerned based on the findings of this survey.
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Jacinto, John Wayne Villaflor. "Correlates of Political Participation." International Review of Management and Business Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.30543/7-1(2018)-5.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the factors related to the political participation of teaching and non-teaching staff of Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Main Campus, Dapitan City. This study employed the descriptive-correlational method of research through a survey questionnaire administered among the 32 randomly selected respondents. The correlates of political participation explored were the profile of the respondents, political trust, political interest, political efficacy, media usage, and social networking site use. The study found that the respondents often have political trust in the selected government institutions, are generally somewhat interested in politics, agree to have political efficacy, and disagree to have political participation. In terms of media usage, they sometimes used them and rarely used social networking sites. In the context of this study, political participation is a choice and it is not selective of age, occupation, income, civil status, and location of residence. Regardless of one’s demographic profile, participation in politics is so common, especially in this democratic country where almost everyone has a say and is entitled to express his/her wanted reforms as long as within the ambit of his/her rights. Being politically trustful and interested has moderate tendency of dictating one’s political participation. Political efficacy can go with the extent of political participation. Likewise, exposure to SNS for obtaining politically-based information can drive along with political participation.
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Booysen, Susan. "political world within the parameters of SABC politics." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 7, no. 2 (2022): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v7i2.2067.
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Political events are crucial in the political resocialisation of the youth. In this article the impact of the political unrest in the mid-1980s on the political consciousness of the Afrikaner student youth is investigated. Through a panel study of students of the Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, South Africa, trends in exposure to political events were established. Exposure occurs through direct political participation, political discourse or through the mass media. The important role of the mass media for exposure of these youths is illuminated. Attention is also focused on which media are utilised for obtaining political information. The political implications of this exposure are considered. A political world within the parameters of SABC politics: the case of Afrikaner students.
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Booysen, Susan. "Mass media, social networks and the political socialization of South Africa's white student." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 10, no. 1 (2022): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v10i1.2033.
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In this article the effects of either mutual reinforcement, or incongruity, between the mass media and the social networks of political information are analyzed. The political in formation exposure of South Africa's white university students serve as the basis for research. The article illuminates, in terms of political socialization theory, the differential exposure of the English and Afrikaans students. The findings clarify the role of the mass media in relation to other sources of political information in a rapidly changing society. It emphasizes the dependence on the mass media for political information. Yet it also shows how social networks which are more diverse for the English than for the Afrikaans students moderate the political socialization role of the mass media
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Bartels, Larry M. "Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure." American Political Science Review 87, no. 2 (1993): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2939040.
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Analyses of the persuasive effects of media exposure outside the laboratory have generally produced negative results. I attribute such nonfindings in part to carelessness regarding the inferential consequences of measurement error and in part to limitations of research design. In an analysis of opinion change during the 1980 presidential campaign, adjusting for measurement error produces several strong media exposure effects, especially for network television news. Adjusting for measurement error also makes preexisting opinions look much more stable, suggesting that the new information absorbed via media exposure must be about three times as distinctive as has generally been supposed in order to account for observed patterns of opinion change.
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Scheffauer, Rebecca, Manuel Goyanes, and Homero Gil de Zúñiga. "Beyond social media news use algorithms: how political discussion and network heterogeneity clarify incidental news exposure." Online Information Review 45, no. 3 (2021): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-04-2020-0133.
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PurposeTraditionally, most readers' news access and consumption were based on direct intentional news seeking behavior. However, in recent years the emergence and popularization of social media platforms have enabled new opportunities for citizens to be incidentally informed about public affairs and politics as by-product of using these platforms. This article seeks to shed light on how socio-political conversation attributes may explain incidental exposure to information.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on US and UK survey data, the authors explore the role of political discussion and discussion network heterogeneity in predicting individuals' levels of incidental exposure to news. Furthermore, the authors also test the role of social media news use as a moderator. A hierarchical OLS regression analysis with incidental news exposure as dependent variable was conducted as well as analyses of moderation effects (heterogeneity*social media and political discussion*social media) using the PROCESS macro in SPSS.FindingsFindings reveal that heterogeneous networks are positively related to incidental news exposure in the UK, while sheer level of political discussion is a positive influence over incidental news exposure in the US. Social media news use moderates the relationship between political discussion and incidental news exposure in the UK. That is, those who are highly exposed to news on social media and discuss less often about politics and public affairs, they tend to be incidentally exposed to news online the most. Meanwhile, the interaction of social media news and discussion heterogeneity showed significant results in the US with those exhibiting high levels of both also receiving the biggest share of INE.Originality/valueThis study contributes to closing research gaps regarding how and when people are inadvertently exposed to news in two Western societies. By highlighting that beyond the fate of algorithmic information treatment by social media platforms, discussion antecedents as well as social media news use play an integral part in predicting incidental news exposure, the study unravels fundamental conditions underlying the incidental news exposure phenomenon.
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Munson, Sean, Stephanie Lee, and Paul Resnick. "Encouraging Reading of Diverse Political Viewpoints with a Browser Widget." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 7, no. 1 (2021): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v7i1.14429.
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The Internet gives individuals more choice in political news and information sources and more tools to filter out disagreeable information. Citing the preference described by selective exposure theory — people prefer information that supports their beliefs and avoid counter-attitudinal information — observers warn that people may use these tools to access only agreeable information and thus live in ideological echo chambers. We report on a field deployment of a browser extension that showed users feedback about the political lean of their weekly and all time reading behaviors. Compared to a control group, showing feedback led to a modest move toward balanced exposure, corresponding to 1-2 visits per week to ideologically opposing sites or 5-10 additional visits per week to centrist sites.
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Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, Cornelia Mothes, and Nick Polavin. "Confirmation Bias, Ingroup Bias, and Negativity Bias in Selective Exposure to Political Information." Communication Research 47, no. 1 (2017): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650217719596.
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Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selective exposure was tracked. The news articles that participants chose from were either conservative or liberal and also either positive or negative regarding American political policies. In addition, information processing styles (cognitive reflection and need-for-cognition) were measured. Results revealed confirmation and negativity biases, per cognitive dissonance and news values, but did not corroborate the hypothesis derived from social identity theory. Greater cognitive reflection, greater need-for-cognition, and worse affective state fostered the confirmation bias; stronger social comparison tendency reduced the negativity bias.