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Journal articles on the topic 'Political Parties. Southern Europe. Internal Democracy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bourne, Angela K., and Fernando Casal Bértoa. "Mapping ‘Militant Democracy’: Variation in Party Ban Practices in European Democracies (1945-2015)." European Constitutional Law Review 13, no. 2 (2017): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019617000098.

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Introduction – Explaining party bans, political and legal contexts – Banned parties and banning states in Europe, the political context – Nature of banned parties – Nature of banning states – Tolerant and intolerant democracies, the legal context – Evolving rationales for party bans and procedures for proscription – Contemporary rationales for banning parties – Anti-democratic ideology – Non-democratic internal organisation – Party names – Party orientation to violence – Protecting the present order – Evolving rationales for party bans – Weimar and legitimacy paradigms – Conclusions, direction

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Malčič, Matevž, and Alenka Krašovec. "New Parties and Democracy in Slovenia." Politics in Central Europe 15, no. 1 (2019): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2019-0005.

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AbstractWhile no stranger to new political parties, Slovenia’s party system became much more unstable after 2008 with the constant arrival of electorally very successful parties. Further, while the citizens’ satisfaction with democracy and trust in political institutions has never reached the heights seen in Western Europe, the crisis years saw them drop to historical lows. In these circumstances, one may expect successful new parties to assure greater responsiveness, or a balance between responsible and responsive politics, and to bring improvements to citizens’ opinion on their satisfaction

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Rüdig, Wolfgang, and Javier Sajuria. "Green party members and grass-roots democracy: A comparative analysis." Party Politics 26, no. 1 (2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818754600.

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When Green parties emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, their political project included a strong commitment to a new type of internal party organization, giving power to the ‘grass roots’. With Green parties having become well established in most West European party systems, has the vision of ‘grass-roots democracy’ survived the party foundation stage? What drives the ongoing or waning commitment to grass-roots democracy? Analysing party membership survey data from 15 parties collected in the early 2000s when many Green parties had for the first time become involved in national government, we find

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Bosco, A. "REVIEW ARTICLE - Adapting to Democracy: Political Parties Between Transition and Consolidation in Southern Europe." South European Society and Politics 6, no. 2 (2001): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714004941.

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MacFarlane, S. Neil. "Democratization, Nationalism and Regional Security in the Southern Caucasus." Government and Opposition 32, no. 3 (1997): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00777.x.

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FOR SOME YEARS NOW, WESTERN ACADEMICS AND POLICY-MAKERS HAVE embraced the cause of democratic reform in Central and Eastern Europe. To take but one well-known example, President Clinton in the 1994 State of the Union Address cited the absence of war among democracies as a reason for promotion of democracy around the world. Assistance to former Warsaw Pact and newly independent states has been made conditional to varying degrees on the acceptance of democratic change. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Developm

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Balampanidis, Ioannis, Ioannis Vlastaris, George Xezonakis, and Magdalini Karagkiozoglou. "‘Bridges Over Troubled Waters’? The Competitive Symbiosis of Social Democracy and Radical Left in Crisis-Ridden Southern Europe." Government and Opposition 56, no. 1 (2019): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.8.

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AbstractDuring the economic crisis, the radical left, especially in countries of the European South, continued its course from marginality to mainstream while social democracy found itself trapped in its previous strategic orientations. This article examines the two political families in a relational and comparative perspective, focusing on the interaction of social democratic and radical left parties that evolved in a series of national cases (Greece, Portugal, Spain and France) and in particular within the political and electoral cycle of 2015–17. The ideological, programmatic and strategic

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Muis, Jasper, and Tim Immerzeel. "Causes and consequences of the rise of populist radical right parties and movements in Europe." Current Sociology 65, no. 6 (2017): 909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117717294.

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This article reviews three strands in the scholarship on the populist radical right (PRR). It covers both political parties and extra-parliamentary mobilization in contemporary European democracies. After definitional issues and case selection, the authors first discuss demand-side approaches to the fortunes of the PRR. Subsequently, supply-side approaches are assessed, namely political opportunity explanations and internal supply-side factors, referring to leadership, organization and ideological positioning. Third, research on the consequences of the emergence and rise of these parties and m

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Borriello, Arthur. "Beyond the Wave, the Sea: Re-assessing the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Southern Europe's Populist Upsurge." Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 41, no. 1 (2021): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/krisis.41.1.37166.

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The paper re-assesses the relation between the economic crisis and the rise of populist parties in the South of Europe. It argues that the former did not cause the latter directly, but rather played out as a catalyst of previously existing trends, i.e. the erosion of party democracy and the disintermediation of Western societies. It combines several theoretical approaches to advance an explanatory model that replaces the relation between crisis and populism – conceived of as political, performative and discursively mediated – within its structural pre-conditions. By doing so, it aims at provid

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Jovović, Zoran. "Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Spain, Portugal and Greece." Bulgarian Historical Review 53, no. 1 (2025): 116–44. https://doi.org/10.71069/bhr1.25.zj05.

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By transitioning to democracy in the 1970s, Spain, Portugal, and Greece aligned themselves with what Samuel P. Huntington described as the “third wave of democratization.” To interpret and explain the historical simultaneity of democratic transitions in Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek societies, this article approaches the issue through a comparative lens. It examines how specific political and other domestic actors – political parties, leaders, movements, as well as external ones, such as the EU and NATO – have influenced democratic politics and contributed to the consolidation of governance s

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Pollack, Benny. "Transitions from dictatorship to democracy: comparative studies of Spain, Portugal, and Greece and Securing democracy: political parties and democratic consolidation in Southern Europe." International Affairs 67, no. 4 (1991): 808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622509.

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Ginsborg, Paul. "Die italienische Krise." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 25, no. 98 (1995): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v25i98.967.

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The article discusses the economic, political and cultural factors which led to the transformation among the parties and in the Italian democracy. The sudden outbreak of the crisis in 1992 is described as a conjunction of external and internal crisis factors. International adjustment constraints, economical missmanagement, the inefficiency of the central govemments, social and political movements in Northern and Southern Italy, as well as the resolute action of judges and public prosecutors against the corrupt political elite, finally made the historical break with the traditional conditions i

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Kluknavská, Alena, and Josef Smolík. "We hate them all? Issue adaptation of extreme right parties in Slovakia 1993–2016." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 49, no. 4 (2016): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2016.09.002.

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This article presents electoral developments and mobilization issues of the extreme right political parties between 1993 and 2016. It analyzes the changes in the extreme right discourses and framing strategies in relation to their electoral results. We argue that during the transition to democracy in the 1990s and partially later in the 2000s, the extreme right parties were predominantly focusing on the issues related to national sovereignty and were successful mostly in the context of hostility against groups that could potentially threaten this independence, while their electoral achievement

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Petrica, Dan. "National Liberation Movements and Their Vocation for Party Politics in Southern Africa. The Case of the African National Congress and Zimbabwe African National Union." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 66, no. 1 (2021): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2021.1.03.

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"The paper aims to shed light on the particularities of two national liberation movements - turned political parties and how they embraced their new role after the liberation struggle had ended and majority rule had been obtained. South Africa’s ANC and Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF are analyzed in an attempt to ultimately underline why democracy was approached distinctively by the too. We also bring some arguments as to why South Africa failed to stop ZANU-PF’s descent into autocracy, amidst internal and international pressures to intervene. After a short historical background of the two NLMs, we discus

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Mulhall, Terry. "Book Review: Geoffrey Pridham (ed.), Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe (London: Routledge, 1990, 227pp., £35.00 hbk.)." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 19, no. 3 (1990): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190030217.

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Cirhan, Tomáš, and Mattia Collini. "Czech and Italian Anti-Establishment Challengers´ survival Comparative analysis of party organisation and leadership of FI, FdI, ANO and SPD parties." Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science, no. 1 (April 10, 2025): 31–62. https://doi.org/10.5817/pc2025-1-31.

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Our paper explores the organisational and leadership strategies of new anti-establishment parties in Czechia and Italy. The electorally volatile party systems in the countries of Central-Eastern and Southern Europe are associated with the constant emergence of new parties. Czech and Italian party systems are great examples of this phenomenon. Whilst many newcomers make electoral breakthroughs, only some outlive their initial electoral success. Organisational survival and the role of party leaders often precede the parliamentary survival of these parties. We compare the organisational and leade

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Tolstov, Sergii. "Practice and experience of the national reconciliation in Spain." European Historical Studies, no. 5 (2016): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.05.124-143.

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The contemporary political theory envisages the Spanish transition from authoritarianism to a modern multiparty political system as an important landmark and one of the most successful examples of the ‘third wave’ of the process of global democratization. Commenced in Southern Europe, the transition towards the democratic rule has affected Latin America, South Africa and a number of Asian countries and then went further to the majority of Central and Eastern European states. The political reforms and regime change became possible due to the ‘national reconciliation’, a series of compromises ne

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Jones, Stephen. "Between ideology and pragmatism: social democracy and the economic transition in Georgia 1918-21." Caucasus Survey 1, no. 2 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23761202-00102005.

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The Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-21) was a novel experiment in social democracy in the most unexpected time and place. Georgia was rural and mostly illiterate, and its leaders faced the complex tasks of nation and state building in conditions of external threat, internal conflict, and global economic depression. The first democratically elected social democratic government in Europe, it confronted the inevitable tensions between market principles and socialist ideals. The new government’s economic policies reflected the dilemmas and contradictions faced by all social democratic parties

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Cotta, Maurizio. "[No title] - Geoffrey Pridham (a cura di), Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, London, Routledge, 1990, pp. 227." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 22, no. 3 (1992): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200018967.

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Kirschke, Linda. "Informal repression, zero-sum politics and late third wave transitions." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 3 (2000): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00003396.

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Transitions to multiparty politics occurred throughout Sub-Saharan Africa with remarkable speed in the early 1990s, linking the region to the broader ‘third wave of democratisation’ which, from 1974, progressively marked many areas of southern Europe, Latin America and post-communist Europe. Unlike most earlier cases of political reform, however, the changes in Sub-Saharan Africa demonstrated a strong external orientation. A unique combination of donor pressure, internal opposition and ‘snowballing’ led regimes to rapidly introduce multiparty politics regardless of whether ruling elites in fac

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Raikivskyi, I. Y. "UKRAINIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE PARTY-POLITICAL LIFE OF THE GALICIA OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930-s." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea, no. 4(56) (December 27, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7410-2019-4(56)-122-136.

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The activities of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (USDP), founded in 1899, in the second half of the 1930s are highlighted. This party tried to combine the national idea and Marxism, took an active part in political life in Western Ukraine (until September 1939). The USDP used parliamentary methods for the creation of an independent Ukrainian socialist state, opposed the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and had a relationship with Polish and Jewish socialists. Since 1935, for the third time in the pre-war decade, the party has been a participant in the consolidation process of legal Uk

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Mikucka-Wójtowicz, Dominika. "Progressive Movement Parties: A Product of the Crisis or Response to the Crisis?" Teoria Polityki 10 (2024): 59–79. https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845tp.24.003.20595.

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Following the post-2008 crisis period, many new progressive left movements emerged in the countries of Southern and Southeastern Europe (such as Podemos in Spain, Syriza in Greece, Levica in Slovenia, and the Možemo! platform in Croatia). They were formed as a result of discontent with the political elites of the old left at both local and central level, who were not able to block the neo-liberal reforms of governing parties, or sometimes even advocated these reforms. These groupings mostly began as urban or social movements calling for more redistribution and more representative democracy. La

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Pahari, Bharat Raj. "People’s Multiparty Democracy: An Instrument for Social Transformation." State, Society and Development: PMPD Perspectives 2 (June 27, 2024): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ssd.v2i01.67184.

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Madan Bhandari, then General Secretary of the CPN (UML), critically analyzed the World Communist Movement and the Nepali Communist Movement and formulated the People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD) to build a just and egalitarian democratic society. It was first approved by the Fifth National General Convention of the CPN (UML) as the party’s program in 1993. The Fourth National General Convention of the CPN-ML provided direction for the ideas and perspectives of PMPD in 1989. Based on those ideas, the left-wing parties formed the United Left Front in 1989 and later extended a working alliance w

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Zahariadis, Nikolaos. "The Politics of Elite Transformation: The Consolidation of Greek Democracy in Comparative Perspective, and: Parties, Politics, and Democracy in the New Southern Europe, and: The Social Psychology of Party Behaviour (review)." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 23, no. 2 (2005): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2005.0025.

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Khakhalkina, E. V., K. P. Andreev, and A. V. Munko. "New Face of European Union: Right-Wing Populism in the EU-Countries." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 6 (2020): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-6-75-99-132.

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The European Union undergoes several qualitative transformations. Today it faces major demographic changes, the distance between the EU and national states is growing because of Brexit and high rates of immigration to Europe. The configuration of mainstream parties is also transforming in an unpredictable way. All these processes bring the phenomenon of right-wing populism to the forefront of political life of the European Union. This phenomenon was an answer both to internal andexternal challenges. The aim of the article is to identify the components of right-wing populism using the examples

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Parfeniuk, А. "THE POLICY OF " MEČIARIZMUS" IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC IN THE MID-90S OF THE XX CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 154-155 (2022): 39–42. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2022.154-155.7.

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The article deals with the political, social and economic processes in the Slovak Republic during the rule of the Movement for Democratic Slovakia led by Vladimír Mečiar. He served as Prime Minister from 1992 to 1998 (with a short break in 1994). The years of his premiership are of particular scientific interest due to the form of policy he pursued. This period is also interesting because it was the time when the basic foundations of the independent Slovak Republic were being formed. The main institutions of power were formed and transformed. Special attention was paid to the sharp internal po

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Bayu, Takele Bekele. "Fault Lines within the Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF): Intraparty Network and Governance system." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 10, no. 02 (2019): 20592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i02.662.

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Ethiopia People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRD) is a political party in charge of government power since 1991. EPRDF is established in 1989 out of Rebel group to party transformation with the view to oust the military government called Derg. It is a coalition of four parties political organization i.e. Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF)- which is an architect of EPRDF, Amhara National Democratic Movements (ANDM) in 1980, Oromo People Liberation Organization (OPDO ) and Southern Ethiopian People Democratic Movement ( SEPDM) However, in spite of the nominally coalition structure of the

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Shevchuk, Andriy, Olena Dyka, Oksana Lytvynchuk, and Andriy Pasichnyk. "Oil, Security and Democracy: An Analysis of US-Azerbaijani Relations at the Present Stage (2020-2024)." Society and Security, no. 5(5) (November 14, 2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/sas-2024-5(5)-50-59.

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The article analyzes bilateral relations between the United States and Azerbaijan in 2020-2024. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the geopolitical importance of the South Caucasus has increased, where, in addition to local actors (Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia), both regional (Turkey and Iran) and world leaders (the United States, the European Union, and Russia) claim influence. The region's importance is linked to the energy factor (Azerbaijan's rich oil reserves), the security factor (the proximity of Afghanistan and Iraq), and the longstanding ethnic and territorial conflict betwee

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Demir, Firat. "From Islamic Renaissance to Neo-fascism in Turkey." Review of Middle East Studies 50, no. 2 (2016): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2016.154.

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The Neoliberal Landscape is a collection of nine essays exploring the economic, political, social, and historical dynamics behind the rise of Islamic political parties in the Middle East, particularly the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) in Turkey. For scholars studying Turkey and the wider Middle East, understanding the rise of the AKP as well as its internal and external undercurrents has been a challenge. On the one hand, its founding leaders marketed their party as a democratic Islamic party, similar to Christian Democrats in Europe, and claimed to focus thei

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Krēsliņš, Uldis. "Regional Factor in Transnational Relations: the Experience of Latvia and Lithuania in the 1920s." Acta humanitarica academiae Saulensis 26 (December 1, 2019): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.15388/ahas.2019.2.

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By the end of Latvia’s struggle for freedom, the Republic of Latvia, proclaimed in 1918, acquired land border with four countries: and if in separate stages Estonia or Poland became Latvia’s closest ally, then in the long term Latvia’s closest relation formed with its southern neighbour Lithuania. This article does not claim to be the comprehensive study of Latvian-Lithuanian relations in the 1920s; it focuses on certain important aspects and some less known details of these relations, which reflect their universality, versatility and some inconsistency. The main obstacle in relations between

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Xhaferrı, Manjola. "The Perception of Fascist and National Socialist Ideologies During the Second World War in Albania." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 S1 (2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s108.

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The Albanian Communist Party was born as a Bolshevik-style party, endowed with a non-Bolshevik but social democratic program, such as popular democracy. To shed light on the factors that determined the arrival of the communist regime in Albania, it is necessary to start the analysis from its roots, that is, since the establishment of the communist regime in Albania. For his part, although the communist regime was established in Albania immediately after the end of World War II, the roots of the phenomenon must be sought from the beginning of the war, even a few months earlier when Albania was

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Venugopal, C. N. "POLITY, RELIGION AND SECULARISM IN INDIA: A STUDY OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS." POLITICS AND RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA 7, no. 1 (2013): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0701021v.

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In most parts of the world, the political processes have arisen out of social matrix. Tribes, clans, castes, classes have existed around a social organization. Economy, polity, religion, family and kinship networks have operated under a social framework. When Aristotle said that man is a political animal he had in mind the social element. In ancient Greece the political and the social were interdependent. F.D. Coulanges in his study of ancient cities noted that in Greek city states, the political activities of free citizens (who excluded women and slaves) were associated with social and religi

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van Peski, Caecilia J. "Good Cop, Bad Cop." Security and Human Rights 24, no. 1 (2013): 49–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02401008.

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Over the summer month of August 2008, Georgia launched a large-scale military offensive against South Ossetia in an attempt of reconquering the territory. Four years later, on October 1, 2012, Georgia is holding its first Parliamentary Elections after the conflict that caused so much harm. The Parliamentary Elections constitute the 7th legislative elections held since Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It is however the first time for Georgia to elect an alternative party from the ruling party solely based on principle of democratic vote. The article examines the almost ten

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Knezevic, Milos. "Regionalism and geopolitics." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213207k.

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Recognition of regional features, outlining of the contours of regions, tendency to regionalize ethnic, economic, cultural and state-administrative space, and strengthening the ideology of regionalism in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that is Serbia and Montenegro, appear as a practical and political but also as a theoretical problem which includes and combines several scientific disciplines. The phenomenon of regionalism is not contradictory although it is primarily expressed through the numerous conflicts of interests rivalry and antagonisms of political subjects. The problematic side o

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Kamenova, Valeriya. "Internal democracy in populist right parties: the process of party policy development in the Alternative for Germany." European Political Science Review, July 22, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773921000217.

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Abstract For the past decade, populist left- and right-wing parties have been on the rise in Europe. Yet, there are only a few studies on the internal organizational dynamics of these parties. Drawing on a new and unique data from fieldwork observations and interviews with party members from the Alternative for Germany (AfD), this article examines the internal democratic mechanisms in policy formation. The AfD displays a high degree of internal participation – an important but contrasting addition to the comparative research on radical right parties, which fail to sustain a democratic internal

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Branco, Rui, Joan Miró, and Marcello Natili. "Back from the Cold? Progressive Politics and Social Policy Paradigms in Southern Europe after the Great Recession." Politics & Society, February 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00323292241226806.

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This article examines the programmatic evolution of social democratic parties in Italy, Portugal, and Spain, three countries in which the center-left has governed in the last decade. To do so, the article develops an analytical framework for mapping social and labor market policy reforms and assessing their liberalizing, regularizing, or recalibrating character. In explanatory terms, the article studies the coalitional politics behind social democratic reforms as being conditional upon the relationships between organized interests, electoral social blocs, and party system dynamics. The compara

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Margarit, Diana, and Henry Rammelt. "The Revitalization of Social and Civic Participation in Eastern Europe?" Intersections 6, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v6i4.701.

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In the context of recent global economic and political changes, trade unions were forced to find new discursive and organisational strategies, as well as new means of imposing their agendas. However, the form and configurations of protests in Romania have shifted significantly from the workers’ strikes of the 1990s to middle-class protests, often described as being founded on the interests of young people and mainly focusing on the quality of democracy. In this paper we explain the weakness of interaction and the absence of spillover effects between popular protests and trade union mobilizatio

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"Recensions / Reviews." Canadian Journal of Political Science 35, no. 4 (2002): 897–985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423902778499.

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Kelly, Stéphane. Les fins du Canada: selon Macdonald, Laurier, Mackenzie King et Trudeau. Par François Charbonneau 900Cross, William, ed. Political Parties, Representation, and Electoral Democracy in Canada. By Nelson Wiseman 901Boisvert, Yves, Jacques Hamel et Marc Molgat, sous la direction de. Vivre la citoyenneté. Identité, appartenance et participation. Par Christian Nadeau 903Doern, G. Bruce, Arslan Dorman and Robert W. Morrison, eds. Canadian Nuclear Energy Policy: Changing Ideas, Institutions, and Interests. By Genevieve Fuji Johnson 906Seymour, Michel. Le pari de la démesure. L'intrans

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Arvanitakis, James. "The Heterogenous Citizen: How Many of Us Care about Don Bradman’s Average?" M/C Journal 11, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.27.

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One of the first challenges faced by new Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, was what to do with the former government’s controversial citizenship test. While a quick evaluation of the test shows that 93 percent of those who have sat it ‘passed’ (Hoare), most media controversy has focussed less on the validity of such a test than whether questions relating to Australian cricketing legend, Don Bradman, are appropriate (Hawley). While the citizenship test seems nothing more that a crude and populist measure imposed by the former Howard government in its ongoing nationalistic agenda, which inc

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Arvanitakis, James. "The Heterogenous Citizen." M/C Journal 10, no. 6 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2720.

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   Introduction One of the first challenges faced by new Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, was what to do with the former government’s controversial citizenship test. While a quick evaluation of the test shows that 93 percent of those who have sat it ‘passed’ (Hoare), most media controversy has focussed less on the validity of such a test than whether questions relating to Australian cricketing legend, Don Bradman, are appropriate (Hawley). While the citizenship test seems nothing more that a crude and populist measure imposed by the former Howard government in its ongoi

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Coghlan, Jo, and Lisa J. Hackett. "Parliamentary Dress." M/C Journal 26, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2963.

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Why do politicians wear what they wear? Social conventions and parliamentary rules largely shape how politicians dress. Clothing is about power, especially if we think about clothing as uniforms. Uniforms of judges and police are easily recognised as symbols of power. Similarly, the business suit of a politician is recognised as a form of authority. But what if you are a female politician: what do you wear to work or in public? Why do we expect politicians to wear suits and ties? While we do expect a certain level of behaviour of our political leaders, why does the professionalised suit and ti

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Salcedo Rahola, Tadeo Baldiri. "Integrated project delivery methods for energy renovation of social housing." Architecture and the Built Environment, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/abe.2015.12.1158.

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Optimised project delivery methods forsocial housing energy renovations European Social Housing Organisations (SHOs) are currently facing challenging times. The ageing of their housing stock and the economic crisis, which has affected both their finances and the finances of their tenants, are testing their capacity to stick to their aim of providing decent and affordable housing. Housing renovation projects offer the possibility of upgrading the health and comfort levels of their old housing stock to current standards and improve energy efficiency, and this solution also addresses the fuel pov

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Salcedo Rahola, Tadeo Baldiri. "Integrated project delivery methods for energy renovation of social housing." Architecture and the Built Environment, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/abe.2015.12.1157.

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Optimised project delivery methods forsocial housing energy renovations European Social Housing Organisations (SHOs) are currently facing challenging times. The ageing of their housing stock and the economic crisis, which has affected both their finances and the finances of their tenants, are testing their capacity to stick to their aim of providing decent and affordable housing. Housing renovation projects offer the possibility of upgrading the health and comfort levels of their old housing stock to current standards and improve energy efficiency, and this solution also addresses the fuel pov

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Salcedo Rahola, Tadeo Baldiri. "Integrated project delivery methods for energy renovation of social housing." Architecture and the Built Environment, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/abe.2015.12.1019.

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Optimised project delivery methods forsocial housing energy renovations European Social Housing Organisations (SHOs) are currently facing challenging times. The ageing of their housing stock and the economic crisis, which has affected both their finances and the finances of their tenants, are testing their capacity to stick to their aim of providing decent and affordable housing. Housing renovation projects offer the possibility of upgrading the health and comfort levels of their old housing stock to current standards and improve energy efficiency, and this solution also addresses the fuel pov

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Hutchinson, Jonathon. "The Cultural Impact of Institutional Remix: The Formalisation of Textual Reappropriation within the ABC." M/C Journal 16, no. 4 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.682.

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Introduction The construction of meaning is specifically denoted by texts that are created and published by the mass media. To highlight how that meaning is constructed, we might take a communication research approach which then enables us to understand how mass media texts impact society. To undertake such an approach it is useful to reflect on two methods outlined by Adoni and Mane who suggest there are two communication research methodologies. “The first focuses on the social construction of reality as an important aspect of the relationship between culture and society. The second approach

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1., Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich. Professor of Tashkent State Transport University. 2. Muxtorov Ibodullo Murodillaevich. Students of the Tashkent State Transport University. "Prospects for the development of communication and transport systems in Uzbekistan." Innovative technologies in construction Scientific Journal (ITC) 1, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8053907.

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The article analyzes the fact that the creation of society, which is the fruit of social relations, saved people from primitive times, and that the creation of society played an important role in the strengthening of the position of communication in people's lifestyle, the emergence of the need for transportation and its further development. <strong>Key words:</strong> society, need, road, transport, communication.    <strong>INTRODUCTION</strong> Phrases and concepts used in scientific communication, the media, and everyday life in general vary in scope. Some words have a narrow

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