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1

Myers, David J. "Venezuela's Political Party System." Party Politics 4, no. 4 (1998): 495–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068898004004005.

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2

Sangchul Yoon. "Political Party System and Political Representation." Korea and World Politics 25, no. 1 (2009): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17331/kwp.2009.25.1.009.

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3

Maslova, Elena, and Ekaterina Shebalina. "Party-Political System Transformation in Italy." Contemporary Europe 102, no. 2 (2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope22021111123.

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Throughout the years of the existence of the Italian Republic, the country's political system has been characterized by both periods of stability and turbulence. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of the Italian party-political system and political landscape, macrotendencies of Italian politics from the First Republic (1948) to the present. The research highlights the main features of each period. The authors reflect on the possible emergence of the Third Republic in Italy. The study is relevant in view of the growing government crisis in the Italian Republic,
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4

Croissant, Aurel, and Philip Völkel. "Party system types and party system institutionalization." Party Politics 18, no. 2 (2010): 235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068810380096.

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5

Siu-kai, Lau, and Kuan Hsin-chi. "Hong Kong's Stunted Political Party System." China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 1010–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902000591.

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Hong Kong's political parties are now in decline after the return of the former British colony to China. The decline of political parties stands out in stark relief in a context featuring “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong” and gradual democratization. A major reason for the decline is the stunted political party system of Hong Kong. Prominent in that stunted system is the absence of a ruling party. The stunted party system is primarily the result of Beijing's antipathy towards party politics in Hong Kong, which in turn discourages party formation by the Hong Kong government and the conserv
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6

Lim Sunghack. "Political Participation and Political Party System in Korea." Korea and World Politics 25, no. 1 (2009): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17331/kwp.2009.25.1.003.

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7

Sytnik, A.V. "Russian measurement of multi-party system." Society and Power, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 64–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13285017.

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Nowadays the party system of Russia tends to be characterized as mono-centric with the «United Russia» political party dominating within Russian political and party environment. While the real interparty competition is shrinking, the level of normative efficiency of the Russian party system is decreasing significantly.
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8

Sheffer, Gabriel. "Political change and party system transformation." Israel Affairs 6, no. 2 (1999): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537129908719564.

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9

정흥모. "Non major political party and Change of the political party system in Germany." Journal of European Union Studies ll, no. 33 (2013): 335–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18109/jeus.2013..33.335.

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10

Jou, Willy. "Toward a Two-Party System or Two Party Systems?" Party Politics 16, no. 3 (2009): 370–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068809342991.

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11

Lanko, Dmitry A., and Irina S. Lantsova. "Party system nationalization in Estonia." Baltic Region 12, no. 1 (2020): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-1-2.

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This article explores the Estonian ‘integration’ project, which was launched in the early 1990s to bridge the differences between ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians by assimilating the latter with the former. Since the project will soon turn thirty, it is timely to ask whether it has been a success. This article employs Grigorii Golosov’s index of political party nationalization to understand whether the ‘integration’ project has helped to narrow the ideological divide between ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians. In other words, the study asks whether ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians vo
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12

Babajanov, Atabek Davronbekovich. "THE EVOLUTION OF MULTIPARTY POLITICS IN UZBEKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 09 (2024): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue09-15.

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This article examines the development of the multiparty system in Uzbekistan, highlighting the key stages and milestones since independence. It outlines the role of political parties in fostering democratic governance and representing the interests of diverse social groups in society. The paper explores the historical formation of political parties in Uzbekistan, from the cessation of the one-party system to the establishment of legal frameworks that empower political parties in shaping state power. The emergence of the Ecological Party of Uzbekistan is discussed as a significant event in the
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13

Ye, Kai. "Research on the Reform and Transformation of Singapore's Political Election System and Political System." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 39 (November 7, 2024): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/7sbnaf48.

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Singapore is an important country in Southeast Asia, which has been established for less than 60 years. In the early days of its establishment, its survival situation was very difficult. But under the struggle of the People's Action Party (PAP) led by Lee Kuan Yew and the "founding generation" of the people, Singapore has harmoniously coexisted with different ethnic and religious groups and has forcefully embarked on a rapid development path. According to data released by the World Bank, as of 2022, Singapore's per capita GDP has reached over 82000 US dollars and has been steadily increasing f
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14

Basov, F. "Party System Transformation in Germany." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 2 (2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-2-29-36.

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This article is devoted to the changes of the party system of Germany. In recent years, the transformation of the party system has caused several political crises. Party spectrum is pluralized and polarized in Germany. Regional differences also increase. In this situation, the German parties are in search of new dynamics. The consequence of this is that all the main parties are now factional. The system that existed in Germany for more than half a century, with the dominance of two political forces (CDU/CSU and SPD), gradually evolved into the “one and a half” party system (only CDU/CSU domina
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15

Laver, Michael. "Party Competition and Party System Change." Journal of Theoretical Politics 1, no. 3 (1989): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951692889001003003.

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16

Riwanto, Agus, and Achmad Achmad. "Model Setting of Political Party System and Electoral Systems to Prevent Political Corruption." JURNAL CITA HUKUM 6, no. 2 (2018): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v6i2.6132.

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Abstract. This study aims to analyze and examine the causes of political parties to systemic corruption and efforts to save them from corruption. Political parties are important actors in democracy in a country. Democracy manifests in the form of election, the main actor of the election is a political party. If the main actor of corruption is confirmed, democracy and elections will fall. The result is a bad stigma in political parties: democracy yes political party no. Based on the research result that the cause of political party of corruption: First, the placement of political party as an im
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17

Arter, David. "From a Contingent Party System to Party System Convergence? Mapping Party System Change in Postwar Finland." Scandinavian Political Studies 32, no. 2 (2009): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00229.x.

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18

Mainwaring, Scott. "Party System Institutionalization, Party Collapse and Party Building." Government and Opposition 51, no. 4 (2016): 691–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.21.

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This essay reviews five important recent books on party system institutionalization, party collapse and party building. The first section analyses broader lessons about party system institutionalization derived from these books. What have we learned about how party system institutionalization varies over time and space and about its causes? All five volumes underscore the difficulty of institutionalizing democratic party systems in contemporary Asia, Africa and Latin America. At the same time, they demonstrate that there have been some successful cases of party building and party system instit
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19

Zavoral, René. "System of Political Parties in India." Czech Journal of International Relations 34, no. 3 (1999): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1199.

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The Indian party system is a most unusual phenomenon, for at least two reasons. First, its form differs totally from the so-called Duverger laws under which a country which in elections to the lower chamber of its parliament, uses the one-round relative plurality system, should have a bipartisan regime. But the form of the party system in India is multi-partisanism. The second reason why the author turns his attention to the Indian party system is the fact that the party regime in question has changed from a system of one predominant party (the Indian National Congress) to a classic multi-part
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20

Zh.Y., Ashinova. "Specific features of japanese political party system." Journal of Oriental Studies 72, no. 2 (2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jos-2015-2-632.

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21

KHENKIN, S. M. "SPANISH POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM AT THE CROSSROADS." World Economy and International Relations 61, no. 4 (2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2017-61-4-71-80.

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22

Sung, Yeolyong. "Elections in a Multi-Party Political System." Theoretical Economics Letters 01, no. 02 (2011): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2011.12005.

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23

Carty, R. Kenneth. "Political Turbulence in a Dominant Party System." PS: Political Science & Politics 39, no. 04 (2006): 825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096506061026.

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24

Zubek, Voytek. "The fragmentation of Poland's political party system." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 26, no. 1 (1993): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-067x(93)90019-n.

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25

Nwokora, Zim, and Riccardo Pelizzo. "The Political Consequences of Party System Change." Politics & Policy 43, no. 4 (2015): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12124.

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26

Keren, Michael. "Political Perfectionism and the `Anti-System' Party." Party Politics 6, no. 1 (2000): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068800006001007.

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27

Sathita Dejthongpong. "The Influence of Political System, Political Regime, Party System on Political Participation of ASEAN Member States’ People." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-4-57-65.

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This article examines the influence of political system, political regime, party system on political participation of ASEAN member states. The ten ASEAN member states have unique political background. To understand how the political systems, political regimes and party systems influence the political participation, this article divides the ten ASEAN member states into 3 groups of political regime; democracy, authoritarianism, and communism. Although each ten ASEAN member states have different political regimes, they could unite as an association intended to form a framework for regional cooper
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28

Shambaugh, David. "Training China's Political Elite: The Party School System." China Quarterly 196 (December 2008): 827–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741008001148.

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AbstractOne of the most important, but under-researched and least well understood, instruments of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the extensive national network of Party schools (approximately 2,700). They serve as the key institution of mid-career training and indoctrination for all Party cadres, many government cadres, some military officers and selected businessmen. In addition to its training and indoctrination functions, the Party school system (particularly the Central Party School in Beijing) is also an important generator of policy initiatives. Not all Party schools are stalwart i
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29

Jeeyoung Park, 한정훈, and Kyungmee Park. "Reforming the Korean Political Party System: The Case of Party Activists." JOURNAL OF FUTURE POLITICS 7, no. 2 (2017): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20973/jofp.2017.7.2.43.

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30

Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Gilles Verniers. "A new party system or a new political system?" Contemporary South Asia 28, no. 2 (2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2020.1765990.

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31

Nwokora, Zim, and Riccardo Pelizzo. "Measuring Party System Change: A Systems Perspective." Political Studies 66, no. 1 (2017): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717710568.

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The term ‘party system’, explained Giovanni Sartori, refers to the pattern of interactions among relevant parties. That pattern can be represented as a type and treated as a proper unit of analysis. When ‘party system’ is defined in this way, it becomes clear that the scholarship lacks a direct measure of ‘party system change’. The Sartori approach to party system change is not the only legitimate way to understand this concept, but it does target an undoubtedly important feature of political systems – namely the stability of interactions among relevant parties. This article develops a new ind
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32

Mainwaring, Scott. "Party System Institutionalization, Party Collapse and Party Building – CORRIGENDUM." Government and Opposition 51, no. 4 (2016): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.33.

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33

Knuckey, Jonathan. "Florida: Party Activists in a Two-Party System." American Review of Politics 24 (July 1, 2003): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2003.24.0.127-143.

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This article examines the background characteristics of Democratic and Republican party activists, their issue and ideological preferences, patterns of party factionalism, organizational strength and patterns of activity within parties at the county level. The findings demonstrate that underlying Florida’s competitive party system are two sets of ideologically polarized and active party activists. While signs of internal party factionalism have not completely disappeared from Florida’s political parties, at the beginning of the twenty-first century Florida’s party system and party organization
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34

Johnson, Nevil. "Opposition in the British Political System." Government and Opposition 32, no. 4 (1997): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00442.x.

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BY 1997 THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY HAD BEEN IN POWER FOR EIGHTEEN years, the longest period of uninterrupted rule by a single party this century. To many it looked as if the alternation of two parties in government had stopped. And if that really had been the case, it would have meant that the British conception of opposition as the institutionalization within the workings of everyday politics of a standing alternative to the government of the day had broken down or been abandoned. But this is not what happened. The official opposition, the Labour Party, had re-established itself as a viable alter
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35

Schlesinger, Joseph A. "The New American Political Party." American Political Science Review 79, no. 4 (1985): 1152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956253.

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To understand changes taking place within political parties we must work from a realistic theory, one that accepts these parties as office-seeking coalitions. On that premise I lay out three interacting sets of variables: 1) The structure of political opportunities, or the rules for office seeking and the ways they are treated, and 2) the party system, or the competitive relations among parties, define the expectations of politicians, and thus lead them to create 3) party organizations, or the collective efforts to gain and retain office. Hypotheses derived from the relations among these varia
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36

Williams, Michelle Hale. "Kirchheimer Revisited: Party Polarisation, Party Convergence, or Party Decline in the German Party System." German Politics 17, no. 2 (2008): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644000802075559.

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37

Gaivoronsky, Yuriy. "The dual logic of Russia's party system nationalization." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 52, no. 4 (2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.10.003.

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The article attempts to identify major factors of the nationalization of the vote in contemporary Russia using the two level approach: the between- and within-region. The former compares regions as units of analysis while the latter additionally takes into account voting in municipalities to obtain levels of voting homogeneity within the regions. The study uses data from the last 2012e2016 national-regional electoral cycle investigating both federal and regional election results. Following Ishiyama (2002) for the between-region level of analysis the Regional Party Vote Inequality index has bee
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38

Laver, Michael, and Michel Schilperoord. "Spatial models of political competition with endogenous political parties." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1485 (2007): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2062.

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Two important human action selection processes are the choice by citizens of parties to support in elections and the choice by party leaders of policy ‘packages’ offered to citizens in order to attract this support. Having reviewed approaches analysing these choices and the reasons for doing this using the methodology of agent-based modelling, we extend a recent agent-based model of party competition to treat the number and identity of political parties as an output of, rather than an input to, the process of party competition. Party birth is modelled as an endogenous change of agent type from
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39

Klvaňová, Alena. "Institutionalization of the Czech and Slovenian party system." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 16, no. 3 (2016): 244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2016-0012.

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Abstract For the past two decades, the characteristic feature of the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovenia’s party system has been relatively invariable and closed to fundamental change. In both cases, there has been a distortion of the change and its nature which occurred around 2010, when new political entities began to emerge on the political scene. These entities have received support from a large part of the electorate. The reason for the success of the new political parties is mainly related to the dissatisfaction of the Czech and Slovenian public with the political situation and t
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40

Kim, Eung Woon. "Political Parties and Party System in Quebec, Canada." Journal of international area studies 14, no. 1 (2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2010.04.14.1.31.

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41

Stockwin, J. A. A., and Kataoka Tetsuya. "Creating Single-Party Democracy: Japan's Postwar Political System." Journal of Japanese Studies 19, no. 2 (1993): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132675.

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42

Lubin, V. "The Italian party-political system in the 1990s." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (1998): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1998-3-85-96.

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43

Hicken, Allen, and Heather Stoll. "Legislative policy-making authority, party system size, and party system nationalization." Electoral Studies 47 (June 2017): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.11.017.

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44

Bruce, John M., John A. Clark, Michael M. Gant, and Linda M. Daugherty. "Tennessee: A Maturing Two-Party System." American Review of Politics 24 (July 1, 2003): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2003.24.0.165-182.

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Although Tennessee has long had a Republican presence in its political system, the two par-ties have only recently become competitive across the state. As a result, party organizations and activists have the opportunity to play an important role in the state’s elections. Activists in the two parties grew increasingly polarized across the decade of the 1990s in terms of their ideologies and issue positions. Organizationally, both parties seem to be settling into their roles in the political system. Democrats take a more pragmatic approach to politics, while Republicans see more dramatic growth
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45

Elo, Kimmo. "The Left Party and the Long-Term Developments of the German Party System." German Politics and Society 26, no. 3 (2008): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2008.260303.

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In mainstream analyses of the German political system, the emergence of the Left Party (Die Linke) is presented as an unexpected consequence of German unification and as an indication of the existence of an East-West divide. This view is for the most part based on the idea that German unification is a process of political integration of the East into the West. Such an understanding, however, downplays the long-term developments in the German party system. This article examines the emergence of the Left Party in light of both the long-term developmental tendencies of the German party system and
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46

Boiarska, Yevheniia. "Polish party system in the period of post-solidarity modernization." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 11, no. 30 (2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2021-11-30-7-121-130.

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The current socio-political situation in the European region and in the world is characterized by profound and qualitative changes. The party system of the Republic of Poland is also undergoing significant transformations, objectively related, first, to the logic of the political party system in the country with the beginning of democratization in 1989-1990 and the functioning of political parties, on the other - to European features of political and party systems. For Ukraine, the experience of transformations and peculiarities of the development of the Polish party system is relevant and use
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47

Dnistryanskyy, M. "Territorial structure of party-political system of Ukraine and geopolitical challenges." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 39 (December 15, 2011): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2171.

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Territorial structure of party-political system of Ukraine is analyzed. Geopolitical aspects of activity of political parties are considered. State interests in sphere of party-political relations are exposed are determined. Key words: political parties, political geography, party-political structure, geopolitics.
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48

Botha, Susan. "South Africa's Party System." Journal of Theoretical Politics 8, no. 2 (1996): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951692896008002006.

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49

Cabada, Ladislav, and Jakub Charvát. "Party Dealignment, Multiconflictual Party Systems and Transformation of Cleavages:Theoretical Considerations." Teoria Polityki 10 (2024): 11–40. https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845tp.24.001.20593.

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Political partisanship in Europe has undergone a significant and multifaceted transformation in recent decades. The importance of long-term party predispositions for electoral choice and cleavage-based appeals has been declining in last decades, esulting, inter alia, in the growing importance of issue-based voting, but also in increasing party system fragmentation and political polarisation. This paper provides a systematic and theory-grounded discussion on the recent development of identities and political cleavages, and the consequences of this development on political polarisation and party
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50

Reinermann, Holger, and Berta Barbet. "Party system dimensionality and perceived quality of representation." Party Politics 26, no. 6 (2019): 834–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818823687.

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Spatial analogies are ubiquitous as a concept structuring political conversation. Assuming that political parties play an important role in shaping the make-up of the political space and that depending on their combination of issue emphases they give rise to more or fewer dimensions of political competition, this article tests whether party system dimensionality leads to a trade-off implied in the relevant literature: when parties constrict the political space too much, certain preferences may not be represented anymore, leaving citizens dissatisfied with the system. At the same time, multidim
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