Relevant bibliographies by topics / Political prisoneers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Political prisoneers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Political prisoneers"

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Judt, Matthias. "Häftlinge für Bananen? Der Freikauf politischer Gefangener aus der DDR und das „Honecker-Konto“." Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 94, no. 4 (2007): 417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/vswg-2007-0020.

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Geiß, Robin. "Name, rank, date of birth, serial number and the right to remain silent." International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 860 (December 1, 2005): 721–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638310018453x.

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AbstractThis article analyses recurring misconceptions about the questioning of prisoners of war. The author takes a two fold approach, first considering matters relating to the identification of prisoners of war, namely contemporary issues such as the use of modern identification techniques, and then discussing interrogation procedures that go beyond the establishment of a prisoner's identity. In this context particular attention is given to the question whether and, if so, at which point in time a prisoner of war starts to benefit from fair trial rights, namely the right to remain silent, the right not to incriminate oneself and the corresponding right to be informed about these fair trial protections.
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Altınay, Rüstem Ertuğ. "“A Clean Conscience behind the Dark Bars”." Radical History Review 2023, no. 146 (May 1, 2023): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-10302835.

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Abstract The iconification of political prisoners enhances their visibility, credibility, and power. Nevertheless, iconification may also reduce, reimagine, or otherwise distort the biographies and experiences of political prisoners. Moreover, iconicity’s blurring of prisoners’ views and activities may result in the recirculation of their stories in the service of political projects that do not fully align with their own. The incarceration of the Islamist icon Şule Yüksel Şenler (1938–2019) in 1971 presents an excellent vantage point from which to analyze these dynamics and how gender informs them in fundamental ways. The diverse media representations of Şule Yüksel Şenler demonstrate how historical tropes became entangled with critical references to the law, religion, and the discourses of freedom and democracy in the iconification of an Islamist political prisoner in Cold War Turkey. Şenler’s legacy and the recent references to her story show how the tendency of iconification to occlude or distort prisoners’ ideological investments and activities may in fact enhance their ability to integrate into new political projects. This case study of a right-wing political prisoner exposes how the histories of political incarceration, combined with the discourses of injustice and victimization, may also be used to legitimize authoritarian political regimes and new incarcerations.
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Kenney, Padraic. "“I felt a kind of pleasure in seeing them treat us brutally.” The Emergence of the Political Prisoner, 1865–1910." Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 863–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417512000448.

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AbstractThe political prisoner is a figure taken for granted in historical discourse, with the term being used broadly to describe any individual held in captivity for oppositional activities. This article argues for understanding the political prisoner, for whom prison becomes a vehicle of politics, as the product of modern states and political movements. The earlier practices of the “imprisoned political,” for whom prison was primarily an obstacle to politics, gave way to prisoners who used the category creatively against the regimes that imprisoned them. Using the cases of Polish socialists in the Russian Empire, Fenians in Ireland, suffragettes in Britain, andsatyagrahiin British South Africa, this article explains how both regimes and their prisoners developed common practices and discourses around political incarceration in the years 1865–1910.
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Rosa Pérez, Luis. "Luis Rosa Pérez." Radical History Review 2023, no. 146 (May 1, 2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-10302891.

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Abstract Luis Rosa explains why he considers himself a political prisoner; what it means to be a political prisoner; how the state, guards, and other prisoners treated him; life in prison; and the importance of solidarity. He also explains how growing up Puerto Rican in Chicago affected his decision to support Puerto Rican independence.
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Patra, Haldi, Anatona Anatona, and Yenny Narny. "Pengawasan Orde Baru Terhadap Eks-Tahanan Politik PKI Di Sumatera Barat." Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jc.v11i1.14724.

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Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang pengawasan Pemerintah Orde Baru Indonesia terhadap eks-tahanan politik PKI di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Para eks-tapol itu ditangkap setelah peristiwa G30S dan dilepaskan pada secara bertahap pada 1970-an. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan mengapa Orde Baru mengawasi mereka dan bagaimana pola pengawasan pemerintah Orde Baru terhadap para eks-tahanan politik itu di Provinsi ini. Artikel ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yaitu; heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 40.000 orang tahanan politik di provinsi ini. Pengawasan terhadap mereka dilaksanakan oleh berbagai instansi pemerintahan dan dilakukan secara terstruktur dan sistematis. Otoritas memegang semua data eks-tapol tersebut agar memudahkan proses pemantauan mereka. Dengan begitu, Orde Baru dapat mencegah kebangkitan kembali PKI dan komunisme di Indonesia. Sebagai rezim yang berkuasa, Orde Baru dapat menjalankan program karena ia memiliki otoritas. Namun pengawasan ini juga memberikan dampak bagi kehidupan eks-tahanan politik itu karena membatasi ruang gerak mereka.Kata Kunci: PKI, eks-Tahanan, Politik, Sumatera, Barat, Orde, Baru. Abstract: This article examines the New Order's supervision of ex-PKI political prisoners in West Sumatra. They were arrested after the G30S incident and were released in the 1970s. The purpose of this paper is to explain why the New Order supervised them and how the New Order government's supervision patterns of the ex-political prisoners in West Sumatra Province. This paper historical method. There are four steps in this method; heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research shows that there are more than 40,000 political prisoners in this province. This Surveillance had carried out by various government agencies and carried out in a structured and systematic manner. The authorities held all the data of the ex-political prisoners. Thus it made it easier for the process to monitor them. The New Order could prevent the revival of the PKI and communism in Indonesia. As the governing regime, the New Order had the authority to run its programs. However, this policy affected the ex-political prisoner's lives because it the limitation that resulted from that policy. Keywords: PKI, ex-Political, Prisoner, West, Sumatera, Orde, Baru.
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Thorne, Jessica. "Anarchist Prisoner Networks in Franco’s Spain and the Forging of the New Left in Europe." European History Quarterly 54, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914231214933.

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This article explores the little-known but formative networks developing across the 1960s between anarchist political prisoners in Franco's Spain and emerging activists of the European New Left. As social change accelerated, these prisoners broke with the out-of-touch anarchist leadership-in-exile to connect with a new generation of activists inside and outside Spain. The article uses prisoner correspondence and prisoner-aid bulletins to reconstruct these informational networks, and argues they were an important element in the ‘global rupture of 1968’. It posits that anarchist prisoners’ input was a formative influence on how New Left activists came to see post-war Europe as a whole: both looked beneath Francoism's consumerist surface (habitually foregrounded in discussions of it as a Western client regime), to its reconfigured repressive core. The article discusses key discursive shifts by the anarchist prisoners as they sought international support in a new era of decolonization, ‘national liberation’ and the ramping up of the Cold War. In a landscape shaped by Castro's success in Cuba, war in Algeria and the birth of ETA inside Spain, anarchist prisoners and New Left activists alike defined Franco's political prisoners as victims not only of a national dictatorship but also of the Western Cold-War order.
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Goulding, Marc, Teresa Meade, and Margaret Power. "Editors’ Introduction." Radical History Review 2023, no. 146 (May 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-10302793.

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Abstract This essay explores several key themes regarding political imprisonment and confinement. Neither governments nor activists agree on who is and who is not a political prisoner. Governments routinely deny they imprison people for political reasons. Instead, they consistently seek to criminalize those they detain as part of their effort to maintain the legitimacy of their rule and delegitimize those who act against it. A common definition of who is and who is not a political prisoner does not exist among prisoners, activists, or supporters. No international organizations or national bodies have developed a shared description of what constitutes a political prisoner. Instead, as this essay and the articles that follow illustrate, the subject is a matter of debate and discussion.
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Phillips, Coretta. "‘It ain’t nothing like America with the Bloods and the Crips’: Gang narratives inside two English prisons." Punishment & Society 14, no. 1 (January 2012): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474511424683.

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This article explores recent concerns about the emergence of gangs in prisons in England and Wales. Using narrative interviews with male prisoners as part of an ethnographic study of ethnicity and social relations, the social meaning of ‘the gang’ inside prison is interrogated. A formally organized gang presence was categorically denied by prisoners. However, the term ‘gang’ was sometimes elided with loose collectives of prisoners who find mutual support in prison based on a neighbourhood territorial identification. Gangs were also discussed as racialized groups, most often symbolized in the motif of the ‘Muslim gang’. This racializing discourse hinted at an envy of prisoner solidarity and cohesion which upsets the idea of a universal prisoner identity. The broader conceptual, empirical and political implications of these findings are considered.
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Brosens, Dorien. "Prisoners’ participation and involvement in prison life: Examining the possibilities and boundaries." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818773616.

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Prisoners’ participation and involvement in prison life are becoming important topics featuring on European political agendas. To investigate the different types of prisoner participation and involvement in one prison in Belgium, the experiences of prisoners and professionals, and the processes that enhance or limit prisoners’ participation, 11 focus groups have been conducted with prisoners ( N = 36) and professionals ( N = 42). A thematic analysis of this data identifies that various formal and informal participation initiatives exist, but several barriers between prisoners, prison staff and prison management impede (structural) participation. Implementing and increasing the participation and involvement of prisoners requires organizational and cultural changes. The article concludes by discussing practical issues raised by the study, as well as some limitations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political prisoneers"

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Singh, Ujjwal Kumar. "Political prisoners in India /." Delhi [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 1998. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0606/98903531-d.html.

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Singh, Ujjwal Kumar. "Political prisoners in India, 1920-1977." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29435/.

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This is a study of the politics of 'political prisonerhood' in colonial and independent India. Prison going and the struggles inside the prison had, with the nationalist culture of jail going in the early part of the twentieth century become an integral part of the protest against the colonial state. Imprisonment in its multifarious forms also became the major bulwark of the colonial state's strategy for harnessing recalcitrant subjects. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the process by which the notion of 'political' became a festering issue in the contest between the colonial state and the subject population and later between the state in independent India and the various 'rebel' groups, and also the manner in which the ruling classes assumed the sole responsibility of defining the 'political'. We have confined our study to the peaks of nationalist resistance against the colonial state and popular struggles against the dominant classes in independent India. Through this exploration of the notion of political prisonerhood we also attempt to understand the permanence and ruptures in the forms of repression and the nature of penal sanctions which the state deployed against its political opponents in colonial and independent India. In order to understand what constitutes 'political crime', and who were or were not recognized as 'political prisoners' at a particular historical moment, we have examined the role of the ideological discourses which informed penal regimes in colonial and independent India. The theoretical premises and conceptual tools in this study bear the influence of the Marxist studies on Indian politics and the Subaltern school's understanding of Indian history. The material for research has been drawn from various official and unofficial sources viz., archival records of the colonial government and the government of independent India, reports on prisons by various governmental committees, jail manuals, rules, regulations, laws, autobiographies, biographies, prison memoirs, prison diaries and interviews with erstwhile political prisoners.
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El-Jamal, Basim. "Palestinian political prisoners and Israeli imprisonment policy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403079.

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Gonzalez-Cruz, Michael. "Puerto Rican revolutionary nationalism (1956-2005) immigration, armed struggle, political prisoners & prisoners of war /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Dwyer, Clare D. "sometimes i wish i was an ex-prisoner release & reintegration : The experience of politically motivated former prisoners in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534746.

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Reeb, Gerda. "Imprisoned writing : testimonies of political incarceration /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9978597.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-225). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Mangels, Nancie J. Anderson James F. "Differences in the background characteristics of black and white male state prison inmates in Alabama and the influence of social, political, and economic factors." Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Sociology/Criminal Justice & Criminology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in sociology and social science." Advisor: James F. Anderson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-208). Online version of the print edition.
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OLIVEIRA, PRISCILA SOBRINHO DE. "IMPRISONMENT TRAJECTORIES IN THE MEMORIES OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN BRAZIL (1930-1940)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34707@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A presente dissertação analisa as trajetórias prisionais de cinco militantes comunistas que, por conta das suas práticas políticas, sofreram perseguição e prisão durante o primeiro governo de Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945). Para tanto, são privilegiadas como fontes principais deste trabalho as obras autobiográficas escritas por estes homens. Buscamos entender as obras dentro dos seus contextos de escrita e publicação, mas também o que elas nos dão a ver sobre a experiência de estar preso nas Casas de Detenção e prisões insulares de Fernando de Noronha e Ilha Grande, assim como o deslocamento marítimo feito enquanto preso, durante aquelas décadas, ao que chamamos de cárcere em movimento. O objetivo é compreender como estes sujeitos, ao narrar as experiências de prisão, construíram a identidade de preso político e, de forma dialética, construíram também uma imagem do chamado preso comum como o seu outro, oposto, negativo e estigmatizado. Assim, a pretensão deste trabalho é contribuir para um entendimento mais complexo da experiência de prisão política vivida pelos autores nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, posteriormente narradas e tomadas como categoria pouco questionada pela historiografia.
The present thesis analyses the trajectory of five left-wing activists that, due to their political activities, were persecuted and arrested during the first government of Getúlio Vargas (1930 -1945). We focus on the autobiographies and memoirs written by these men, a collection of works that make a corpus of documentary. We aim to understand their works within the contexts such texts were written and published. It is also our intent to acquire from them a vision about the experience of being a convict in the Casas de Detenção and insular prisons of Fernando de Noronha and Ilha Grande, as well as the transportation by the sea done as a prisoner, throughout those decades, that we denominate itinerant jail. The objective of the analytic outline is to understand how these subjects, when describing their convict experiences, built an identity of political prisoner and, in a dialectical form, also built the image of the so-called common prisoner as their other, opposite, negative and stigmatized. In this sense, the objective of this work is to contribute to a more complex understanding of the political prison lived by the authors in the decades of 1930 and 1940, later narrated and not very questioned by the historiography.
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Brewer, Michael Meyer. "Varlam Šalamov's Kolymskie rasskazy the problem of ordering /." Tucson, Ariz. : University of Arizona, 1995. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_mr0033_1_m.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Mitchell, Vanessa Jacqueline. "Political prisoner education through sport on Robben Island: 1960-1990." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6508.

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Magister Educationis - MEd
This research was motivated by my interest in the sport and the systems of provision of the education on Robben Island. The problem that gave rise to the study was to determine how political prisoners were able to organise prisoner education (political education and non-formal education) and participate in prison-sponsored education (formal education) and to find answers to the question of what impact education had on the sport that they agitated for.
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Books on the topic "Political prisoneers"

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Ginzburg, Evgenii︠a︡ Semenovna. Krutoĭ marshrut: Khronika vremen kulʹta lichnosti. Moskva: Sovetskiĭ pisatelʹ, 1990.

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Ginzburg, Evgenii︠a︡ Semenovna. Krutoĭ marshrut: Khronika vremen kulʹta lichnosti. Riga: Izd-vo T͡SK KP Latvii, 1989.

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Ginzburg, Evgenii︠a︡ Semenovna. Into the whirlwind. London: Collins, Harvill, 1989.

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Ginzburg, Evgenii︠a︡ Semenovna. Into the whirlwind. London: Collins, 1989.

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Ginzburg, Evgenii︠a︡ Semenovna. [Krutoĭ marshrut. 2nd ed. New York: Possev-USA, 1985.

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Party, Ulster Democratic. Political prisoners. [Belfast]: Ulster Democratic Party, 1995.

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(Organization), Human Rights Watch, and Tibet Information Network, eds. Political prisoners in Tibet. New York, N.Y: Asia Watch, 1992.

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Singh, Ujjwal Kumar. Political prisoners in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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International, Amnesty, ed. Political prisoners in Venezuela. [New York, NY]: Amnesty International, 1987.

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Saoirse. Free the political prisoners. Belfast: Saoirse, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political prisoneers"

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Hayes, Mark. "Political prisoner." In The Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolition, 229–39. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425035-35.

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Molanphy, Helen Clarke. "The Political Prisoner." In The American Penal System, 52–56. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280279-12.

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Easton, Susan. "The treatment of political prisoners." In The Politics of the Prison and the Prisoner, 152–90. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315671031-6.

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Easton, Susan. "Prisoners as a political problem." In The Politics of the Prison and the Prisoner, 191–208. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315671031-7.

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Munochiveyi, Munyaradzi B. "Conclusion: Political Imprisonment and Memorializing Zimbabwe’s Liberation Struggle." In Prisoners of Rhodesia, 225–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137482730_7.

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Munochiveyi, Munyaradzi B. "The Growth of African Opposition and Intensified State Political Repression in Rhodesia, 1960–1970s." In Prisoners of Rhodesia, 27–63. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137482730_2.

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"Politics and Political Prisoners." In Fenian Problem, 233–59. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773576155-010.

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"Political Prisoners." In Symmetry, Causality, Mind, 579–98. The MIT Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6584.003.0012.

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"Political prisoners." In Human Rights, 153–77. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315837475-11.

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Grant, Nicholas. "Political Prisoners." In Winning Our Freedoms Together. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635286.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the gendered language political prisoners used to frame their experiences and the moral legitimacy of their struggles. In South Africa, prison was where this heroic vision of black masculinity could be forged. Black political prisoners used their carceral experiences to construct specific gender identities that affirmed their status as political leaders in the public sphere. In this configuration, the prison experiences of African women were often neglected. This led to black women often being cast as vulnerable figures in need of protection and denied their agency as political actors. Finally, the chapter traces how groups such as the Federation of South African Women (FSAW) and the ANC Women’s League engaged with and challenged this masculinist vison of black protest.
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Conference papers on the topic "Political prisoneers"

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Фигуровский, Ф. А., and Ю. И. Арутюнян. "POLITKATORZHAN’S HOUSE AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE LENINGRAD ARCHITECTURAL AVANT-GARDE OF THE LATE 1920S — EARLY 1930S." In Месмахеровские чтения — 2024 : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., 21– 22 марта 2024 г. : сб. науч. ст. / ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургская государственная художественно-промышленная академия имени А. Л. Штиглица». Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54874/9785605162926.2024.10.76.

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Дом политкаторжан, построенный в 1931–1933 гг., является одним из самых ярких и показательных проектов ленинградских конструктивистов, выдающимся памятником ленинградского архитектурного авангарда. В результате научно- исследовательской работы выделены наиболее характерные черты ленинградской архитектурной школы, до сих пор лишь поверхностно освещенные в отечественной науке. House of Political Prisoners, built in 1931–1933, is an outstanding monument of the Leningrad architectural avant-garde. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author, based on the analysis of this building, made an attempt to highlight the most characteristic features of the Leningrad architectural school, which have so far been only superficially illuminated by researchers. The purpose of the work is to highlight the most characteristic features of the Leningrad architectural school using the example of the House of Political Prisoners.
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Kusmiyanti, Kusmiyanti, and D. Saputra. "Female Violent Extremist Prisoners (VEPs) Guidance." In Proceedings of the First Brawijaya International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, BSPACE, 26-28 November, 2019, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-11-2019.2295215.

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Estrelita, Gloria Truly. "The Catholic Priests, the Political Prisoners, and the Military: History of a New Religio-Political Chessboard in Indonesia." In The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS 12). Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789048557820/icas.2022.017.

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Kucheruk, Irina. "Peculiarities of cultural part of New Great Game in the Caspian region in terms of games." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.ylxp7419.

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The Caspian region having cross-boundary specifics is now a center of attraction for various countries and powers that are interested in hydrocarbon reserves of the region, its geopolitical location and political impact on the Caspian countries that include former Soviet states in order to achieve their own geopolitical goals. Under these circumstances, the Russian Federation needs to choose the dominant strategy of action in the region that will enable to activate the relations between Russia and the Caspian states in various spheres including cultural and humanitarian cooperation. A cultural diplomacy can and must become such a strategy in a New Great Game for the Caspian region. Its effective component includes support of the compatriots, offer of educational programs at Russian universities and other educational institutions, promotion of the Russian language and literature. In the future all this will allow to achieve better results in the spread of the Russian soft power in the countries of “the Caspian four”, provided that this geopolitical resource is conceptualized, and active, not discreet steps, are made. To define effective strategy for soft power implementation in the Caspian region the game theory and the so-called Prisoner’s dilemma can be used. The latter has long been used for assessment and forecast the effectiveness of the international cooperation.
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Munthe, Reno Maratur, and R. Ismala Dewi. "The Political Rights of Former Corruption Convicted Prisoners to Run in 2019 Legislative Election and 2020 Regional Head General Election: An Overview of Human Rights Perspective." In 3rd International Conference on Law and Governance (ICLAVE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200321.015.

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6

Ludwig, Ryan. "Of Life and Death: The Interior Atmosphere-Environments of the Greenhouse and the Gas Chamber." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.78.

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This paper considers architecture as the creator of interior atmosphere-environments capable of cultivating spaces conducive to maintaining life through the mediation of variable external stimuli, but equally as possible is the articulation of this potential towards the construction of spaces intent on occasioning death. Architecture conceived with this awareness requires a rethinking of parameters, moving beyond the visual modalities of geometry, composition, icon or style, to instead utilize various qualitative materials like temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, air composition, air pressure, auditory and olfactory stimuli. This understanding is what Reyner Banham has called an “environmentalist” approach. These two oppositional potentials of architecture’s capacity as a creator of atmosphere-environments are considered in this paper first through examining a brief history of the development and design of the greenhouse – beginning as temporary wood structures assembled around planted specimens, to the development of permanent structures incorporating heating and ventilating technologies, to the iconic 19th century greenhouses with their greater use of glass and cast iron structure. In juxtaposition to the greenhouse is an examination of the development and design of the gas chamber – first adopted in the U.S. by the state of Nevada in 1921 pursuant of a more humane method of execution, but later advanced by the Nazis during WWII for the mass execution of Jews, minority groups and political prisoners. The radical potential of these two opposing typologies of interior meteorological construction, although each originating from substantially different moments and circumstances of history, both technologically mediate the external environment towards the explicit creation of an interior atmosphere-environment intent on affecting inhabitants – how this potential is utilized as this paper describes is de¬pendent upon those in a place of power capable of enacting such effects on life.
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Neal Reilly, William, and Leonard Eusebi. "Approaches to Extending Game-Theoretic Analyses to Complex, Real-World Scenarios." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001853.

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In domains ranging from military engagements to business to politics to games, competitors take actions to gain an advantage over others. Game theory has been used extensively since the 1950s to analyze such domains and to gain insights into the best moves for all competitors. While it is a powerful tool for analysis, game theory often falls short when applied to real-world encounters. Game-theoretic approaches over-simplify by assuming each side is composed of rational actors that attempt to maximize a single-valued utility function. Even with that simplification, real-world scenarios are often difficult to formalize as a solvable “game,” and even when the problem can be defined as a game, it is computationally expensive to calculate the best actions for each actor.We will present research that extends game theory to include multiple forms of utility for each actor. This enables us to recast traditional, albeit simple game-theory games like the Prisoners’ Dilemma and the Ultimatum Game, which produce results at odds with real-world expectations when confined to traditional measures of utility (i.e., minimizing jail time and maximizing money). By adding utility measures like commitment and fairness, we can generate a Pareto-optimal set of solutions that are better at recreating and explaining real-world behavior than traditional single-utility game theory. In our formulation, the actors are still acting rationally, they are just factoring in a more complex set of tradeoffs that our multi-utility game theory can naturally model.We will also present research into a game representation scheme that lets the scenario modeler express real-world action-to-action constraints like “enables” and “blocks.” These constraints support basic reasoning about ordering of actions without having to build full search tress or reason about time generally. Accounting for these constraints also significantly reduces the space of possible solutions, making it tractable to find exact solutions for certain classes of complex scenarios.Finally, we will present a software toolkit that simplifies the process of defining a game and analyzing the plausible outcomes. The model building tool helps analysts capture the goals and motivations of each actor, the actions available, and how those actions affect goals or other actions. Using these models, the analysis suite calculates the Pareto-optimal choices for each actor in that scenario and helps analysts navigate the plausible outcomes. With these tools, decision makers can assess the value of their strategic options, even in cases where adversaries may choose actions traditional game theory would label incorrect.We have used the software toolkit to create and analyze several models, from simple games like rock-paper-scissors to a real-world political gray-zone conflict with 3 nation states, 23 possible actions, 18 different motivations, and 10^21 possible solutions. The results were computed in seconds and align with behavior of the real-world actors. Policy analysts without a background in computational modeling have also used the toolkit to create “backcasting” models of historical situations. These models successfully explained the behavior of the actors involved. These evaluations show that the toolkit is both useful and usable for analyzing real-world multi-actor interactions.
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Reports on the topic "Political prisoneers"

1

Tohti Bughda, Enver. Uyghurs in China: Personal Testimony of a Uyghur Surgeon. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.010.

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Dr Enver Tohti Bughda is a qualified medical surgeon and a passionate advocate for Uyghur rights. Having been ordered to remove organs from an executed prisoner, Enver has since taken up a major role in the campaign against forced organ harvesting and is determined to bring China’s darkest secret to light. In this personal testimony, Enver shares his experience working as a surgeon in Xinjiang and reflects more broadly on the situation of Uyghurs in China, explaining that unless Uyghurs earn the sympathy and support of China’s Han majority, unless it is understood that all Chinese people are the victims of the same authoritarian regime, ethnic animosity will continue to serve the political purposes of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
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