Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Political theatrics'

This thesis explores Plutarch’s use of metaphors and similes of the theatre in order to represent, explore and criticise political action in his Parallel Lives. Most of the studies available on Plutarch’s use of the theatre have tended to address his understanding and employment of the tragic, that is what is defined as tragedy as a genre from the conventions of language, plot and characterisation. This approach belongs to the textual, literary aspect of theatrical production, the word of the writer, and the interpretation of the reader. Although interlinked with my study, this is not what my thesis examines. I am concerned with the performative aspect of the theatre. This envelops all the components which define the activity of the theatrical spectacle: the professionals involved in the production, from the sponsors, to the musicians and dancers, the actors and their performance, from its preparation to its presentation, the costumes, the props and the sets, the intention of the performance, the impact on and the reaction of the audience. Plutarch has two means of approaching the theatrical world. He draws on the reality of theatrical productions, showing an awareness of the technical demands involved in the creation of spectacle and drama. He also draws upon the tradition of theory and definitions of the theatre which had been laid down by philosophers and playwrights. But whether his understanding stems from a familiarity with theatrical productions or a reading of theoretical discourse, Plutarch’s deployments are consistent: they become a tool to assess morally the statesman or political body he is observing. While Plutarch’s judgement tends to be severe, he recognises the impact and effectiveness of histrionic politics. This thesis concentrates on three political structures: kingship, oratory and the relationship between statesman and assembly. Plutarch’s moral assessment is consistent, and yet he draws on different aspects and different theories to represent not only these different structures but also individual approaches to the office of statesman. While absolute monarchs tend to resort to staging, some put the emphasis on spectacle and the experience of the observer and others concentrate on their own person by styling themselves as actors. If some orators draw on techniques used by actors, they do not equally resort to the same methods but according to their character and origin, choose different aspects of the acting profession. Although several assemblies take place in the theatre, their histrionic behaviour depends on the statesman who influences them. While other studies have notes the theatrical quality of Plutarch’s Lives, this thesis offers the first in-depth analysis of the intricacy and richness of Plutarch’s understanding of theatre as a political tool. Other works have tended to put characterisation at the centre of Plutarch’s use of theatre. I propose, however, to focus on political action, revealing Plutarch’s attitude not only towards the spectacular, but also, and crucially, towards some of the most important political structures of antiquity.

o objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre o espaço teatral na cidade de São Paulo, pelo viés da Geografia, no período de 1999 a 2004, utilizando como referenciais teóricos Anne Ubersfeld e Milton Santos. O tema foi investigado a partir da hipótese de que a natureza do lugar teatral é ser um agente, uma espécie de mídia definidora do processo teatral, em sua relação com as políticas culturais do período (Lei de Incentivo à Cultura, Lei do Fomento ao Teatro e implantação de salas de teatro nos CEUs), e com os Guias de Teatro da cidade (jornais Folha de São Paulo e o Estado de São Paulo). Foi elaborado um banco de dados com informações acerca desses lugares e da sua relação com os respectivos Guias de Teatro, na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1999 a 2004. O lugar teatral revelado na cartografia que surgiu das informações desse banco de dados caracterizou-se como múltiplo; fortemente ligado ao distrito central da cidade; com tendência à polarização entre as salas pequenas e grandes; forte ação do teatro de grupo na criação de novos espaços; e propriedade, na sua maioria, privada. A partir destes dados, discutiu-se a ?crise? do edifício teatral e a importância da atividade Teatro se vincular social e culturalmente ao lugar geográfico. Definiu-se, o lugar teatral pela noção de uso - na forma de um território vivido - e não pela arquitetura do edifício que ocupa.
The purpose of this research was to achieve a critical reflection about the theatrical space in São Paulo city by the slant of Geography in the period from 1999 to 2004. This was done using Anne Ubersfeld and Milton Santos as theoretical references. The subject was investigating to start from the hypothesis that the type of theatrical place is to be a agent, a specie of media that does the definition of theatrical process with their regarding to the cultural politics in this period (Cultural Incentive Law, Promotion to the Theatre Law and the theatrical rooms introduction in CEUs) and also with the regarding to the city theatrical guides (Folha de São Paulo and Estado de São Paulo newspapers). A database was preparing with the information concerning those theatrical places and with their regarding to the respective theatrical guides in São Paulo during the period from 1999 to 2004. The showing theatrical place in the cartography and that came up those records made up as multiple, it was strongly connected to the downtown district and it had a polarize tendency between small and big rooms. Those information showed also the strongly action of the theatrical groups in the new spaces raising and the private ownership in the most of those places. Arise from those records we talked about the theatrical building ?crisis? and the importance of the theatrical activities to be linked cultural and socially with the geographic place. We defined the theatrical place by the using basics- such way that a territory experienced in life- and not by it occupy in the building architecture.

This thesis (i) presents a critical analysis of the political allegory and dramatic elements employed by Antón Arrufat in Los siete contra Tebas in order to comment upon the conflict in Cuban society during and immediately after the Cuban revolution; and (ii) further analyzes that conflict using an anthropological approach in order to establish partial reintegration as an additional final phase in the rites of passage journey.

This Creative Writing PhD consists of a novel, The Encyclopaedia of Istanbul, and accompanying critical essays, Ottoman Crossroads: Coffeehouses, Politics, Theatres and Storytelling. The Encyclopaedia of Istanbul is historical in nature, and magically real in temperament. It is an account of fin de siècle Constantinopolis, and contains forgotten fairy tales, remnants of an ancient manuscript culture, Armenian playwrights, Turkish feminists, Greek fortune-tellers and Sephardim cantors. It tells the tale of six intersecting lives in 1876, a time known as “the year of the three Sultans” in Ottoman history. This period was filled with tensions between traditionalism and Westernization, but also new political possibilities forwarded by the Young Ottomans. While the characters in The Encyclopaedia of Istanbul are fictitious, they are inspired by historical events and figures. The second element of my PhD, Ottoman Crossroads, is made up of four individual essays that focus on selected themes from the novel. They scrutinize, in order of presentation, the history of coffeehouse culture, the secretive society of the Young Ottomans and their political thought, the formation of Armenian-Turkish theatre, and the rediscovery of Ottoman fairy tales. Whilst the novel and essays are coherent independently, they also link to each other in ways that are sometimes direct, and at other times subtle.

Orientador: Jefferson Cano
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este estudo investiga, por meio de uma perspectiva histórica, os anos de formação do ficcionista Machado de Assis que, seguramente impelido pelo grande sucesso da estética teatral realista entre a jovem intelectualidade fluminense, a época reunida em torno do Teatro Ginásio Dramático, primeiro experimentou expressar-se por intermédio do teatro. Assim sendo, serão analisados neste trabalho, além de suas comédias, seus escritos críticos, suas traduções/imitações dramáticas, bem como sua atuação como censor do Conservatório Dramático Brasileiro. Contudo, a partir dos sinais patentes de enfraquecimento da "escola realista" frente à emergência dos gêneros teatrais ligeiros e musicados e da pouco calorosa recepção crítica de suas comédias encenadas, observaremos como Machado de Assis é impelido a traçar novos rumos para seu projeto literário, intensificando a produção de seus primeiros contos. Mas, comédia ou conto, a ficção machadiana deste período é profundamente marcada pelos princípios políticos liberais visivelmente presentes em sua produção jornalística
Abstract: This study investigates, through a historical perspective, the Machado de Assis' years of formation. Surely impelled for the great success of the realistic theater between the young intellectuality of Rio de Janeiro, by that time congregated around the Teatro Ginásio Dramático, he also tried to express itself by the stage. Thus, the objects of this work, beyond Machado's comedies, will be his critical writings, his translations and imitations of French comedies, as well as his performance as censor of the Conservatório Dramático Brasileiro. However, from the signals of weakness of the "realistic school" in front of the great success of popular sorts of theater and the disappointing reception of his staged comedies, we could observe how Machado de Assis will be impelled to trace new routes for his literary project, intensifying the writing of short-stories. But, comedy or short-story, the Machado's fiction of that period was deeply marked by politics principles, those evident mainly on his journalistic writings
Mestrado
Literatura Brasileira
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

The composer Sebastián Durón (1660–1716), who lived in a period of political and cultural transition spanning two antagonistic monarchic dynasties, was one of the most controversial musical figures of his time. Early in his career as a musician at the court of Charles II (1665-1700), the last Spanish Habsburg, he wrote theatrical music in the style established before him during the reign of Philip IV (1621-65). However, later during the reign of Philip V (1700-46), the first Spanish Bourbon, Durón composed theatrical music influenced by the new foreign musical idioms introduced in Madrid. Commentators have always taken into account politics and foreign influence when interpreting the theatrical music of the baroque period judging that the music by later musicians under foreign influence represents a decline and a loss of national music identity. In addition, the controversial concept of the Spanish political-economic decline has found its way into music historiography. It is perhaps for this reason that Durón’s music is treated rather obscurely as having arisen during a transitional period, both politically and musically. Two other factors contributing to the marginal status of Durón in the history of music are that little of his music has been published, and Spanish music as a whole has received relatively little attention from North American musicologists. The aim of this study is to examine the development of theatrical music in Madrid during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries acknowledging Sebastián Durón’s important contribution to the genre. Three works, each representing a different period in the life of the composer as well as a different political period in Spain, will be analyzed. I will argue that the idea of decline mentioned in connection with politics and economy cannot be applied in all fields. On the contrary, the political turmoil of the time paradoxically contributed to the development of theatrical music in the hands of Durón. By assimilating foreign musical elements and developing the Spanish manner, Durón achieved an unprecedented synthesis of diverse textures, forms, and musical style that epitomize the pinnacle in Spanish theatrical music of the baroque period.

The objective of this essay is to approach a larger comprehension of the drama of George Bernard Shaw. The essay studies the combination of ideas and aesthetics in the play Mrs Warren’s Profession; how theatrical and mainly literary aesthetics interplay with political ideas and what the consequence of this combination is. The study illustrates that the dramatic method consists of using ideas as effective theatrical tools to move the reader/viewer by thought and not by sentiment. The study also illustrates that a key to understanding Shaw’s drama can be found in the construction of operas and symphonies; musical theoretic constructions are an integrated dramatic technique in Mrs Warren’s Profession. The study shows that it is a play with a political and social purpose; to raise awareness of the mechanisms of prostitution. The play does not use simplifications in terms of good and evil. It questions conventionality, unveils social hypocrisy and attempts to disillusion the reader/viewer. The antithesis between realism and idealism is an important source of dynamics and constitutes one of the principal aesthetical constructions.

La politique dans trois pièces d´Hélène Cixous : L’Histoire (qu’on ne connaîtra jamais) (1994) ; L’Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk, roi de Cambodge (1985) et La Ville parjure ou le réveil des Erinyes (1994). L´objectif est de mettre les pièces dans leur contexte historique, contemporain, politique et philosophique. Leur forme d’intervention est étudiée tout autant que la littérature, les archives, la théorie et le contexte qui les informent. Les questions plus générales de la dimension politique dans l’esthétique et les interventions du littéraire sur le champ politique ou idéologique sont aussi au centre de l´analyse. La lecture vise plus particulièrement à identifier les sources et les réalités sur lesquelles les pièces s’appuient (la crise politique et démocratique ; le colonialisme et l´impérialisme occidentaux ; la géopolitique et les guerres civiles et fratricides, tout comme les résistances à ces situations ou événements politiques/historiques) mais aussi les positions prises à leur égard ainsi que les enjeux décisifs qu’elles dégagent. La thèse est composée de deux parties : "La scène du Livre" et "La scène de l’Histoire". La première comporte un parti pris méthodologique ; elle s´ouvre sur une mise en perspective théorique et propose dans un deuxième chapitre l’analyse de L’Histoire (qu’on ne connaîtra jamais) en tant que mise en abyme de l´écriture théâtrale et de la fonction du poète face à l’Histoire. Dans la deuxième partie, l’accent est mis sur l’histoire et la politique contemporaines ainsi que sur les questions de pouvoir, de violence, de territorialité, de démocratie et de justice auxquelles L’Histoire terrible et La Ville parjure cherchent à répondre. L´étude met en évidence deux devoirs qui sous-tendent l´écriture théâtrale d´Hélène Cixous : d’une part, celui de la responsabilité devant la mémoire et, de l´autre, celui de la résistance critique à tout pouvoir injuste
The thesis explores the role of history, memory, responsibility, and politics in three plays by Hélène Cixous: The History (We Will Never Know) (1994), The Terrible but Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1985) and the Perjured City or the Awakening of the Erinyes (1994). The purpose is to put the plays in their philosophical and political contexts and to engage the questions they raise from literary, archival, and theoretical perspectives. The broader political and ideological dimensions of Cixous’s aesthetic and literary writing are also central to the analysis. The thesis specifically examines the historical and contemporary issues addressed in the plays, such as the crisis of the political order and democracy; colonial and imperial practices; the linkages between geopolitics, civil wars and genocides; and the various forms of individual and collective resistance to power. In addition, it analyzes the discourses and subject positions staked out by the participants in the narratives the plays describe. The thesis is divided into two parts: The first one, entitled "The Scene of the Book", opens with a methodological and theoretical chapter followed by an analysis of The History (We Will Never Know), with emphasis on the mise en abyme of the process of writing and the relationship between the poet and history. In the second part, "The Scene of History", the focus is on contemporary history and politics, using The Terrible but Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk and the Perjured City as case studies, addressing issues of power, violence, territoriality, democracy and justice. The thesis stresses the dual obligation, underpinning the theatrical writings of Hélène Cixous: the responsibility toward memory and the duty to resist unjust power in all its forms

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This study aims to analyze the different management models of Rio’s theatre since 1950. There were many transformations suffered by the city’s theatrical sector, especially with the redefinition of the state’s role to a culture promoter. From the history of Brazilian theatre, the historical context and cultural policies implemented, the intention is to provide an overview of Rio’s theatrical production of the time and identify essential points at which theatrical segment is found. This paper proposes a reflection about the current practices from these changes in theatrical production processes of Rio de Janeiro city.
Esse trabalho visa analisar os diferentes modelos de gestão do teatro carioca a partir de 1950. Foram muitas as transformações sofridas no setor teatral da cidade, sobretudo com a redefinição do papel do Estado como promotor de cultura. A partir da história do teatro brasileiro, do contexto histórico e das políticas culturais implantadas, pretende-se traçar uma panorâmica da produção teatral carioca no período e identificar os pontos nevrálgicos em que o segmento teatral se encontra. O trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre essas práticas atuais, a partir dessas mudanças ocorridas nos processos de produção teatral da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

L'objectif ici est de repenser la question du politique et du théâtre, en se situant au-delà de la problématique de l'engagement. à partir d'un corpus contemporain incluant «les barbares sont arrivés» de Stasiuk, «invasion!» de Khemiri, les oeuvres de Vinaver et de Crimp, il s'agit de repenser cette question à travers l'angle de l'ironie, en tant qu'élément central d'une conception élargie de la parodie. Cette dernière prendrait alors pour objet non seulement une œuvre ou un genre, mais aussi, et surtout, la cité, à travers les «façons de parler» et les discours qui circulent dans l'espace public. La parodie sera donc considérée comme un travail sur l'énonciation, une décontextualisation et une recontextualisation de l'énonciation, et c'est dans ce sens que l'ironie sera considérée comme son élément central: l'ironie apparaît avec l'écart qui se pose entre le contexte et l'énonciation, avec des mises en contact incongrues entre des éléments jugés inconciliables. elle pose un point de vue détaché et discordant, met en œuvre une déstabilisation propre au comique, interpelle et provoque un travail de réception, engendré par une perte de l'évidence et une remise en question de ce qui « va de soi ». C'est ce geste qui s'avère subversif: L'ironie et la parodie invitent chacun à aller au-delà de ses représentations, à repenser ses certitudes, minent de l'intérieur l'autorité et la stabilité des discours dominants, sans pour autant énoncer des vérités simplificatrices. Elles investissent cette potentialité théâtrale qui rend possible la distance, donnent lieu à une imitation non soumise, décalée, décentrée de la cité, ce qui induit une présence du politique dans ces dramaturgies
Our purpose is to establish the specificity of recent publications (1990 – 2009) identified as the “theatres of speech”, and based upon a worldwide corpus. These plays shape a new political dimension for theatre through ambiguity, considered as an opening for several interpretations, mutually incompatible. In opposition to the vast majority of political theatre works of the XX century, the authors selected in the present corpus refuse to control the outcome of their work on the reader or audience member, or to orientate his/her interpretation in one direction. Ambiguity, in irony and parody, generally causes two kinds of reception: the naïve one, based upon agreement (approval, belief, or fascination), in a context which makes it discordant, or, on the other side, the critical one. The political dimension of these plays appears in the opportunities given to the reader or audience member to question, all by himself, the kinds of manipulation (such as strategy of speech or narration), their effects, as well as the reception habits which make them efficient. These works can then contribute to reduce the impact of manipulation forms based upon habits of naïve reception; hence reduce the action range of strategies based on a “scheme of domination” (Rancière). However, no certainty exists that such opportunities will be used by the reader or audience member. The new political dimension lies in the fact that its visibility is deliberately connected to the singular encounter between the play and each reader or audience member

Ce travail étudie les liens qui relient la critique dramatique à une forme d’engagement politique dont certaines revues généralistes ont été porteuses du milieu des années 1960 au début des années 1980, à partir d’un corpus d’articles parus dans Les Temps modernes, Esprit et La Quinzaine Littéraire, dont la plupart sont respectivement signés par Renée Saurel, Alfred Simon et Gilles Sandier. La politisation de cette critique se manifeste dans laconception qu’elle professe du rôle du théâtre dans la société, dans les critères qu’elle applique à l’analyse des spectacles, dans sa participation aux débats des milieux artistiques et intellectuels, mais aussi dans l’acte même de l’écriture. La critique théâtrale pratiquée dans ces revues tend à se distinguer à la fois de la chronique journalistique et ducommentaire savant. Si sa périodicité lui permet de suivre l’actualité de la scène française (et surtout celle du théâtre public parisien), elle entend rompre avec le modèle traditionnel du compte-Rendu journalistique effectué sur un mode impressioniste. Elle tente d’expliciter ses critères de jugement en les rapportant aux problèmes théoriques soulevés par le marxisme, le brechtisme ou encore le structuralisme. Pour ce faire, elle s’ouvre à de nouveaux domaines de controverse comme celui des politiques culturelles. Bien qu’elle reconnaisse un certain degré d’autonomie aux questions esthétiques, elle considère l’écriture et la mise en scène au prisme de l’efficacité politique, en vue de promouvoir un théâtre véritablement populaire. Support matériel et instance symbolique, la revue constitue un lieu propice pour une critique alliant la revendication politique à l’exigence de savoir
This research project aims to analyse the links between drama critique and political commitment, manifest in a number of reviews from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. This investigation focuses on a corpus of articles published in Les Temps Modernes, Esprit and La Quinzaine Littéraire, most often signed by, respectively, Renée Saurel, AlfredSimon, and Gilles Sandier. This critique’s politicisation is most evident in four main areas, namely: its conception of the social function of theatre; in the selected criteria used to analyse performances; in its active involvment in the artistic and intellectual debates of the time; as well as in the very act of critical writing. The particular form of theatre critique emerging from these reviews tends to differ both from the journalistic column and from the scholarly commentary. These reviews’ publishing frequency allows this form of critique toremain topical in regards to contemporary french (and particularly public parisian) theatre; however, these texts also seek to break away from the traditional model of the theatre review and its impressionist mode. This critical movement attempts to explicate its criteria of appraisal by basing itself on the theoretical issues raised by Marxism, brechtism and/or structuralism. In so doing, it opens up its focus to include new controversial areas, such as debates on cultural policies. Despite aknowledging some form of autonomy to aesthetic issues, this critique analyses writing and mise-En-Scène through the lens of political efficiency, as a means to develop a genuine popular theatre. These reviews, considered here both as materialised spaces for intellectual debate and as objects of symbolic authority, become fertile loci in which to foster a new form of critique aiming to combine the development of theoretical frameworks with political commitment

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This paper aims to compose an overview of the history of Ruth Escobar s theatrical productions between 1959-1981, during which the actress/producer held the largest number of shows, and produced three international theater festivals. The text shows how the presence of Ruth Escobar in Brazilian Theatre contributed significantly to boost production scenic and theatrical aesthetics, either by making bold stage productions, is to promote exchanges with international directors. In the first part discusses the construction of Ruth Escobar s persona, the challenges faced by the Portuguese in their travels around the world and their strategies to turn adversity into achievement, a practice that has used throughout his career as a producer. This thesis addresses the first theatrical experiences of the actress and businesswoman in São Paulo, and describes the design and execution of theater projects, such as the National Popular Theater and the construction of its own theater, performed in a sociopolitical context of authoritarian military dictatorship. The second part of this research reflects on the difficulties they faced as Ruth Escobar theatrical producer to promote the three theater festivals in São Paulo in the decades of 1970/1980, which were important events for the national scene. The paper presents information on shows and festivals presented in this material relates to the monitoring of critical. Finally, the essay reflects on the inclusion of Ruth Escobar and his artistic practice and policy as part of renewal of the national scene
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compor um panorama sobre a trajetória das produções teatrais de Ruth Escobar entre 1959-1981, período no qual a atriz/produtora realizou a maior quantidade de espetáculos, além de produzir três festivais internacionais de teatro. O texto aponta como a presença de Ruth Escobar no Teatro Brasileiro contribuiu significativamente para alavancar a produção cênica e oxigenar a estética teatral, seja através da realização de arrojados espetáculos, seja com a promoção de intercâmbios com encenadores internacionais. Na primeira parte deste se discute a construção da persona Ruth Escobar, os desafios enfrentados pela portuguesa em suas viagens pelo mundo e suas estratégias para converter situações adversas em conquistas, prática que utilizou ao longo de sua carreira como produtora. Essa dissertação aborda as primeiras experiências teatrais da atriz e empresária em São Paulo, e descreve a concepção e a execução de projetos teatrais, tais como o Teatro Popular Nacional, e a construção de seu próprio teatro, realizados em um contexto sociopolítico autoritário da ditadura militar. A segunda parte dessa pesquisa reflete sobre as dificuldades que Ruth Escobar enfrentou como produtora teatral para promover os três festivais de teatro na cidade de São Paulo nas décadas de 1970/1980, que constituíram importantes eventos para a cena nacional. O texto apresenta informações sobre os espetáculos apresentados nos festivais e relaciona esse material com o acompanhamento da crítica. Finalmente, a dissertação reflete sobre a inserção de Ruth Escobar e de sua prática artística e política como elemento de renovação da cena nacional

L’exploitant de cinéma articule l’espace public cinématographique et l’espace public ; il offre une définition, une objectivation du cinéma au sein de l’espace public, dans la manière dont il construit un cadre d’expérience esthétique. Il est donc à la croisée des chemins : il doit veiller à donner un site (matériel et symbolique) à l’expérience esthétique, selon les logiques propres à son champ et en considérant la « demande » du public.Les problématiques de son métier concernent aussi bien son positionnement concurrentiel, que son positionnement au sein de l’espace public cinématographique ainsi qu’au sein de l’espace public. La présente thèse vise à en rendre compte, de manière transdisciplinaire et engage également une réflexion sur le discours porté sur le cinéma au sein de l’espace public ainsi que la fonction que lui accorde cet espace. Les nouveaux dispositifs numériques peuvent conduire à la radicalisation du caractère mass media du film (en multipliant les modalités de réception), mais ils offrent également nouvelles configurations esthétiques; le cinéma doit donc être (re)défini en fonction de ces nouvelles possibilités (partie 1).C’est toute l’institution cinématographique qui est confrontée à la problématique de l’émergence des nouveaux médias et qui, malgré elle, tend à réduire la valeur expérientielle du cinéma au caractère mass media du film. Or, c’est le marché qui capte et exploite le plus cette logique (partie 2).Cependant, l’exploitant n’est pas seulement un diffuseur ; le travail de l’exploitant est également d’opérer une médiation. Ainsi, il s’agit de considérer les problématiques de sociabilité engagées par la salle de cinéma et les conditions de création de micro-agora, de micro espace public par l’exploitation (partie 3).Ce n’est que dans une saisie globale des deux aspects du cinéma (mass media et micro agora) que l’exploitant a une fonction claire et importante, qu’il convient de revaloriser au sein de l’espace public cinématographique (conclusion)
The movie theatre manager articulates the cinematographic public place and the public place. He proposes a definition and an objectification of the cinema within the public place, depending how he « builds » an aesthetic experiment frame. Thus, the movie theatre manager is on a « crossroad ’: he has to ensure the (material and symbolical) frame required for an aesthetic experiment, depending on institutional practices and according to the spectators « demands». The business challenges of the movie theatre manager concern as well its competitive location, as its location within the cinematographic public place as well as within the public place. This thesis aims at reporting it, in an interdisciplinary way. It also commits a comment on the definitions of the cinema belonging to the public place as well as the function that this space grants it.The new digital devices can drive to the radicalisation of the mass media aspect of the movie (by multiplying the ways of reception). But they also offer new aesthetic configurations. Thus, the cinema has to be (re) defined according to these new possibilities (Part 1).It is all the film institution which is concerned by the problems due to the new technologies emergence and which tends to reduce the cinematographic experiential value to the mass media of the film aspect. Now the market exploits this logic more than the institutions do and so appears as the only guarantor of the quality (Part 2).However, the movie theatre manager is not only a diffuser; his work also is to proceeds a mediation. So, it is a matter of considering the sociability problematics committed by the theatre space and the conditions of creation of micro- agora, micro public place by the movie theatre (Part 3).It is only in a global seizure of both aspects of the cinema (mass media and micro-agora) that the movie theatre manager has a clear and an important function, that it must be revalued within the film public place (conclusion)

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une dynamique de recherche qui seulement récemment a commencé à remettre en discussion une doxa de l'historiographie théâtrale un peu simpliste: dans le contexte italien, l'avènement de la mise en scène moderne serait un phénomène tardif, par rapport à d'autres Pays, comme par exemple l'Allemagne, la France, la Russie. Ce « retard » trouverait son origine dans la persistance d'une tradition autoréférentielle de l'acteur. Le système dans lequel il se produit - un système de troupes nomades, en l'absence d'un pôle théâtral hégémonique comme pouvait l'être Paris pour la France - serait inévitablement réfractaire à l'intrusion d'une figure artistique perçue comme étrangère: le metteur en scène. Il faudrait attendre l'après-guerre pour assister en Italie à l'affirmation de ce qu'on appelle la regìa. Ce lieu commun de l'historiographie a véhiculé une série d'équivoques et d'approximations qui aplatissent un phénomène comme l'affirmation de la mise en scène moderne, nourrissant ainsi un discours téléologique de progrès qualitatif.Une série de recherches menées à partir des années 2000 nous invite cependant à considérer la mise en scène comme un aspect de l'art théâtral dans toute sa complexité. Des concepts comme ceux de proto-regia (proto-mise en scène, Perrelli, 2005), de continuité/discontinuité (Sarrazac-Consolini, 2010), montrent les limites d'une définition univoque de cet art. Sous cette lumière, le contexte italien apparaît alors comme un terrain en friche. Une étude récente a justement montré la sensibilité du système italien envers l'œuvre des maîtres européens de la scène, en tournée dans la Péninsule entre 1911 et 1940 (Schino, 2008).Nous nous proposons alors de revenir d'une part sur la construction de l'idée du « retard », et sur les raisons qui ont fait de la mise en scène un véritable graal, d'une autre part nous souhaitons souligner de quelle façon cet art émerge en Italie justement à partir de la présupposée cause du retard: l'acteur. L'avènement de la mise en scène ne serait donc pas une épiphanie brusque, mais un art qui s'exprime de manière différente, selon le modus operandi des artistes et en fonction des caractéristiques du système théâtral
This doctoral thesis challenges the simplistic doxa in theatre historiography that views genesis of theatre direction in Italy as a late phenomenon in comparison to other countries such as Germany, France, and Russia. This “delay” is thought to be due to the actor’s persistent self-referential tradition. According to the doxa, the Italian theatre system would have been resistant to the introduction of the new role of director, which was perceived as extraneous. This situation would have been caused in Italy by the popularity of wandering companies and the absence of a dominant theatrical focal point such as Paris was in France. The phenomenon of a strictly speaking regìa would have only emerged after the Second World War. This view has led to a series of misinterpretations and misunderstandings that oversimplify the phenomenon of the development of modern direction, favouring a teleological argument of qualitative progress. However, a number of studies carried out from the 2000’s encourage us to consider the direction as a complex aspect of the theatrical art. Concepts such as ‘proto-direction’ (Perrelli, 2005) and continuity/discontinuity (Sarrazac-Consolini, 2010), show the limits of an univocal definition of this art. In light of these studies, the Italian panorama appears as an uncharted territory. A recent study of the European directors’ tours in Italy for the years from the 1911 to 1940, has actually demonstrated the Italian system’s responsiveness (Schino, 2008).My research investigates the origin of the concept of “delay”, and the reasons by which theatre direction in Italy came to be considered by scholars as some sort of grail. I also highlight how direction in Italy emerges from the main source of the supposed delay itself: the actor. Indeed, the appearance of theatre direction is not abrupt; but rather a multifaceted art, which changes according to artists’ modus operandi and is dependent on the characteristics of the theatrical system

La tension politique qui se développait en Colombie depuis les années 40 contre les idéologies conservatrices et les libéraux officieux et dissidents après les élections de 1946, a déclenché un sentiment de mécontentement qui a éclaté le 9 avril 1948 avec l’assassinat de Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, dirigeant libéral à Bogota. Cet événement, connu sous le nom El Bogotazo, provoqua des manifestations violentes, des meurtres, des agressions, de l’harcèlement, de la terreur et des troubles dans tout le pays. Comme conséquence, au cours des années suivantes, les guérillas libérales se sont organisées et pendant une décennie ont laissé plus de 200.000 morts dans le pays et ont provoqué des milliers de migrations rurales vers les grandes villes. Plus tard, certains dirigeants ont formé les guérillas communistes, après l'assassinat de plusieurs ex commandants démobilisés, qui perpétuaient le conflit armé dans le pays, dont certains survivent aujourd'hui. Les FARC, Forces Armées Révolutionnaires de Colombie-Armée Populaire, les plus anciennes du monde, puissantes et nombreuses en Colombie, sont actuellement en pourparlers de paix avec le gouvernement national à La Havane, Cuba. Ces pourparlers de paix sont dans leurs phases finales. L'ELN, l’Armée de Libération Nationale, le deuxième groupe de guérilla en importance et du nombre de combattants en Colombie, est en approchements préliminaires, tendant à entamer des pourparlers de paix avec le gouvernement. Ce conflit a produit un nombre immense de victimes (¡Basta ya!: 2013) et dans ce contexte, les dramaturges et activistes Patricia Ariza et Nohora Ayala proposent un projet artistique qui interroge les actions violentes du pays à partir de la perspective de la femme dans les conflits armés. Leurs productions s’inscrivent dans la création collective du Teatro La Candelaria, où la recherche s’infitre dans l’art de la scène, en déconstruisant la réalité socio-politique et en faisant parler les témoignages. Ainsi, ce travail se prendre sur six œuvres qui explorent les liminalités politico-corporelles qui se déconstruisent dans la mise en scène en tenant compte des réseaux complexes qui sont tissés à partir des femmes et les multiples Antigones créés dans le contexte historique du pays. En outre, l’analyse examine la notion de la corporalité à partir des corps non-absents (victimes de disparition forcée) qui montrent la déterritorialisation des corps dépossédés. Le premier chapitre de la thèse traitée propose une approche théorique centrée sur les concepts de la représentation, du théâtre, de la performance et de la théâtralité politique. Le chapitre mobilise également les notions de corps sans organes et corps dépossédés pour éclairer la coupure épistémologique entre le corps matériel et le corps des disparus dépossédés. Le deuxième chapitre analyse trois œuvres de Patricia Ariza: Antigone (2006), Mujeres en la Plaza (2009) et Somma Mnémosyne (2013), lesquelles montrent un exercice d’artivisme et d'engagement politique par rapport à l'histoire moderne de la Colombie. Le troisième chapitre présente trois œuvres de Nohora Ayala: Fémina ludens (1995), Piel (2010) et Rosas secas (2012) , où l’exploration du corps met en évidence les traces de la mémoire historique du pays. Finalement, le dernier chapitre propose un questionnement face à la réception du spectateur et la théâtralité du pays.
The political tension that developed in Colombia since the 40s, between conservative ideologies and, the divergency in the official liberal party and dissident liberal party, brought out a feeling of disagreement that collapsed when Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, leader of dissident party, was killed in Bogota on 9 April 1948. This event, well known as The Bogotazo, unchained violent protests, murders, assaults, harassment, terror and unrest throughout the country. As a result, in the subsequent years the liberal guerrillas were formed and over a decade the conflict ensued in more than 200,000 murders in the country and thousands of rural migrants in the cities. Later, some leaders formed the communist guerrillas who perpetuated the armed conflict in the country, some of them are known today as FARC, the oldest group of guerillas in the world and the most powerful in Colombia, and ELN. Actually, the FARC are in the final negotiation for peace in Havana, Cuba. This violent historical context has produced a staggering statistics of victims (Basta ya!, 2013), in which the artists and activist dramatists, Patricia Ariza and Nohora Ayala propose a new aesthetic that questions the violent actions of the country from women’s perspective. Their theatrical productions are part of the Collective Creation in the Teatro La Candelaria, where the research is faced with the aesthetics of the scene and confronted with the deconstruction of reality counted, telling or testimonials. This dissertation examines six plays by Ariza and Ayala whose political and bodily liminalities deconstruct dominant ideas of history, while illuminating the complex networks surrounding the women and the Antigones produced by the country. I explore the materiality of non-absent bodies (victims of forced disappearance) which exposes the deterritorialization of dispossessed bodies. The first chapter of the thesis discerns recent theoretical approaches to the concepts of representation, theater, performance and political theatricality which I have found pertinent for my examination of the work by Ariza and Ayala. At the same time, I elaborate on the notions of the body without organs and of dispossessed bodies in order to shed light on the epistemological break between the material present body and dispossessed bodies of the disappeared. In the second chapter, I analyze three plays by Patricia Ariza: Antigone (2006), Mujeres en la Plaza (2009) and Somma Mnemosyne (2013), which evince an exercise in artivism and engagement with the political history of Colombia. The third chapter presents three plays of Nohora Ayala: Fémina Ludens (1995), Piel (2010) and Rosas Secas (2012), where the body is part of a radical practice of questioning colombian historical memory. Finally, the concluding chapter examines the role of political and corporeal theatricality in engaging spectators’ critical participation in the work of Ariza and Ayala.

The goals of this dissertation project are to demonstrate how Paul Robeson utilized Shakespeare’s Othello in the broader struggle for African American equality and how the three productions with which he was associated shed light on contemporary political issues. First, it will document Robeson’s three performances as Othello: in London (1930), on Broadway (1942-45) and in Stratford-upon-Avon (1959). Secondly, it will examine Robeson’s political endeavors and theoretical positions at these three historical junctures, which will also elucidate corresponding international political developments (i.e. the spread of fascism across Europe, World War II and the Cold War). The role of Othello will be conceptualized, then, not just as the most important character in Robeson’s theatrical career but also as a means to explore the way in which Robeson’s artistry offered commentary upon or illuminated specific political issues like segregation and anti-fascism. First, chapter one synthesizes relevant background material on Shakespeare’s play and the stage history of Othello prior to Robeson. Chapters two and three focus on Robeson’s time abroad, primarily in Great Britain, in the 1930s. The second chapter focuses on Robeson’s portrayal of Othello in London in 1930 and the chapter three analyses Robeson’s political development during that period. The fourth chapter details the historic 1942-45 production of Othello that was directed by Margaret Webster and became the longest running Shakespearean play on Broadway. Chapter five outlines Robeson’s corresponding political involvement during the WWII and immediate post-war periods. Next, the sixth chapter examines Robeson’s political endeavors as his artistic career nearly grinds to a halt in the face of anti-communist hysteria. This chapter argues that Othello became even more closely associated with Robeson through these oppressive years as he maintained Othello’s final monologue in his repertoire and aptly titled his recording/publishing venture Othello Associates, Inc. The final chapter concentrates on his triumphant return to the stage as Othello at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1959. This production provided an important forum for audiences to affirm their support not only for Robeson’s artistry, but also for his political views and his victory in the passport case.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
應用媒體藝術研究所
96
The development of Taiwan's television Broadcasting, since 1962 to present, taking the variety program as an example, has evolve from solo and conservative talk show, gradually transformed into multi-dimensional and with vast audience base. In 1995, the TVBS channel introduces the f “2100 Citizens open speech”. It is broadcasted life, and open to audiences to respond, formed the first of the political conversational program which open up the dialogue between the talk show hosts and the audiences. In 2002, with Chung Tien introduction of “2100 Citizen random speech”, In it’s initial period, no matter from the angle of its name, the scenery, the actor, music, even broadcasts time and interval, clearly follow the political commentating talk show of “2100 citizens open speech”. In 2004, the “2100 Citizen Random Speech”, later transform into “Citizen Mix-Pot Speeches of the Random Speeches”, by than the program content has differed from its original “2100 Citizen Open Speeches”, except for its real life broadcasting. It also no longer limits itself in it’s impersonating of the political figures and their dialogue; it has developed into a band-new program of its own. In 2007, the talk show changed its name to “The Largest Party of People”. This third generation talk show label itself as the people’s boss, and is the longest running imitation talk show in Taiwan “The Largest Party of People” although is not Taiwan first show with impersonating as its main theme, it is the first such variety show that poke fun with the politician in an easy and light-hearted manner; an original in its style. This research, by way of observing the evolution of “The Largest Party of People” hope to further analyze the characteristics of life theater and Television programs from the angle of Aristotle’s six elements; main theme, the plot, role, dialogue, music and scenery, as the base of canalization, to proved that the television presentation concise with the theater four big characteristics; real-time life, timing, flow, and artistic contain, achieve a good match when crossing over. This study also hopes that by observing the flow, contain and its artistic contribution of the talk show, ”The Largest Party of People”, to further understand, analysis and study its method of presentation. Also, by way of “Higher level of talk show”, to understand how the production process and development of the program.By method of “Participating and observing”, to observe and record its findings directly. And finally, by applying “Simple and spontaneous” method, analyze it’s contain. The finding of my study is as follow: 1 ” The Largest Party of People”, it’s them and thought is to reflex the voice of people, through the actors’ presentation. 2 The actor’s performance is determined by the role his is to impersonate. 3 The independent, open and smaller stage can give the performers even more room for expression. 4 The flow between actors holds the key for the show to success or otherwise. Keys words:” The Largest Party of People”, Television variety show, Variety program, Imitate, Theatrical factors.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in English.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 364-374). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99225