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Journal articles on the topic 'Political Violence and Terrorism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ducol, Benjamin. "Les dimensions émotionnelles du terrorisme : Émotions, radicalisation violente et engagement terroriste." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 2, no. 2 (2013): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v2i2.3769.

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Par une volonté louable de rompre avec des approches psychologisantes du phénomène terroriste dominantes au cours des années 1960-70, les recherches contemporaines en matière de terrorisme(s) et de violence(s) politique(s) ont très largement mis l’emphase sur la figure du « terroriste » comme acteur rationnel et stratégique. Face aux limites des approches rationalistes de l’engagement radical qui envisagent de manière réductionniste les individus au travers d’un calcul rationnel univoque en terme de coûts et d’incitatifs à l’action, il nous apparaît important de réintégrer dans les réflexions

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2

Aftab Ahmad Malik. "Innovative Technologies in Countering Extremism and Terrorism." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 7, no. 4 (2024): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2023.0704168.

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Terrorism and extremism are distinct concepts often interconnected in discussions about political, religious, or ideological violence. Terrorism mentions to the use of vehemence, pressure, or force to attain party-political, spiritual, or conceptual areas, disrupting normal life and exerting pressure on governments or societies. Extremism, characterized by extreme political or religious views, often involves radical ideologies and intolerance towards opposing beliefs, often seeking dramatic changes in society or politics, rejecting moderation. Extremist ideologies can sometimes lead to terrori

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3

Mégie, Antoine. "La «scène terroriste» : réflexions théoriques autour de l'«ancien» et du «nouveau» terrorisme." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 4 (2010): 983–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842391000096x.

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Résumé.Cette note de recherche se propose d'interroger le fait terroriste à travers une étude du paradigme faisant du terrorisme post-11 septembre 2001 un phénomène «nouveau». L'intérêt de cette contribution est d'examiner précisément la validité de ces études tout en dégageant une approche singulière du terrorisme en tant qu'objet de recherche. Grâce à l'élargissement de la focale d'analyse à un ensemble hétérogène d'acteurs (pouvoirs politiques et de sécurité, médias, opinions publiques), nous proposons une lecture en termes de «scène terroriste». Ne pas se centrer exclusivement sur l'étude

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Stajić, Ljubomir, and Vladan Mirković. "The new role of terrorism today." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 55, no. 4 (2021): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns55-32990.

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Terrorism is a politically motivated violence that has its roots in the teachings and actions of anarchists. Often understood as a weapon of the weak, terrorism is a means of communication through the exploitation of fear that arises as a result of physical violence. Political motive and purpose determine the theoretical notion of terrorism, while in the specific case, the decision on what a terrorist act is is determined by political interest. Political determinism makes terrorism an ideal means of hybrid warfare which is based on the synergy of numerous individual acts that are compatible wi

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Gergilev, D. N., and T. V. Izluchenko. "Sacred Violence in Religious Terrorism: the Case of Central Asia." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 8, no. 4 (2024): 62–78. https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2024-4-32-62-78.

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Religious terrorism currently poses a major threat in many regions. Studying the problems associated with religious terrorism not only adds to theoretical development of the issue, but also addresses how to combat this threat. This article approaches religious terrorism through the concept of sacred violence as exemplified by the actions of proscribed terrorist organizations in the Central Asia, which have been on the rise since the late 20th century. The purpose of the study is to define the specific interpretation of sacred violence by terrorist groups using the example of the Central Asian

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Rafique, Naila. "COUNTERING MEASURES OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research 2, no. 02 (2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37605/pjhssr.2.2.6.

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Terrorism and sectarian violence has started since the creation of the Pakistan. Terrorism is the deliberate use of unlawful force or violence to achieve goal that is political or ideological nature. Special Anti-terrorist courts enforce the Anti-terrorism laws of the Pakistan and system nominates organizations and people consisted with terrorism. Different factors are responsible to make Anti-Terrorism law. A number of extremist challenges faced by Pakistan that are ethnic and religious groups. The Pakistan government established committees to encourage sectarian harmony and religious toleran

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J. Piątek, Jarosław. "The Dilemma of Present Day: Guerrilla, Terrorist and Asymmetric Warfare." Reality of Politics 5, no. 1 (2014): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201404.

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In order to describe the environment surrounding us, so complex in terms of relations resulting from using violence, we easily employ terms such as ‘partisan’ or ‘militant’, just in order to define the very same ones as terrorists a while later. Probably the benchmark of contemporary description, especially of political action is the lack of clear-cut attitudes. Terrorism is nothing new, and this statement in itself is not very revealing. However, for many contemporary researchers of this issue, there is never too much information. Terrorism has always accompanied the history of oppressive reg

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8

White, Robert W. "Why “Dissident” Irish Republicans Haven’t Gone Away." Contention 9, no. 1 (2021): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cont.2021.090104.

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When considering “terrorists” and “terrorism,” the focus tends to be on violence—the threat of violence, its aftermath, the ideology and belief systems that lead to it, and so forth. Political violence, however, represents only a portion of the repertoire of collective action that is available to “terrorists.” Images from “dissident” Irish Republican events and photo-elicitation interviews with activists who participated in these events show that: (1) the repertoire of “violent” organizations includes nonviolent political activity; and (2) the organizational structures and affective incentives

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9

Brandsch, Jürgen, and André Python. "Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence." Journal of Conflict Resolution 65, no. 1 (2020): 135–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720937748.

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Research on the effects of terrorism mostly focuses on the coercive effects of violence on the macrolevel, while other effects like provocation, particularly on the microlevel, do not receive the same attention. In this article, we seek to address previous omissions. We argue that terrorism can provoke ordinary people into a violent reaction. By reducing perceived security and creating a desire for revenge terrorism may lead civilians to attack uninvolved members of the terrorists’ constituency. Using geo-referenced data on terrorism (Global Terrorism Database) and violent riots (Social Confli

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Rewizorski, Marek. "Terroryzm jako ewoluujące zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa współczesnego świata. Pomiar i ocena zjawiska." Cywilizacja i Polityka 15, no. 15 (2017): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5474.

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In the face of increasing domestic and transnational terrorism (involving more than one country, cross-boarder), questions arise about which type of terrorism - internal or external - becomes greater threat to security? How do terrorists adapt to internal (defensive) security measures and external (offensive) means used by states in the war on terror? How does the transformation of terrorism into a motivational dimension, and therefore the values and principles used by terrorists as a justification for the use of violence, especially the departure from secular political ideologies to religious

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11

Meier, Anna A. "The Idea of Terror: Institutional Reproduction in Government Responses to Political Violence." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 3 (2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa034.

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Abstract Despite the recent global uptick in white supremacist terrorism, governments continue to face accusations of not taking the threat seriously, either discursively or in terms of policy responses. Why do acts of white supremacist violence consistently fail to constitute turning points for policy change? Rather than considering acts of political violence as critical junctures for change, I argue that such acts instead reveal how persistent institutions of power actually are. I develop a theory of hegemonic components of national identity that links institutionalized white supremacy to th

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ABBAS, ALI HAIF. "EVIDENTIALITY IN PUTIN'S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON TERRORISM." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 28 (2017): 681–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss28.33.

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This research attempts to study evidentiality through analysing some selected quotations of Vladimir Putin's political speeches on terrorism. Violence crisis has been escalated since 2013 and till now in Iraq and Syria due to the emergence of different terrorist organisations. It is extremely important to know the reasons behind the growth and development of terrorism in recent years. If one takes the definitions which dealt with terrorism in the world, he/she can find that there is no fixed definition to terrorism. What is considered a terrorist in some countries is considered a fighter (muja

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Zapata, Gabriel Darío Paredes. "Terrorism in Colombia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (2003): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000807.

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AbstractColombia is a poor country that has been plagued by ongoing violence for more than 120 years. During the 1940s, subversive terrorist groups emerged in rural areas of the country when criminal groups came under the influence of Communism, and were later transformed into contemporary groups, such as the Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional (ELN) or National Liberation Army and Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionares de Colombia (FARC) or Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia). Paramilitary terrorist groups emerged in response to subversive groups and were later transformed into contemporary groups, s

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Dugan, Laura, and Erica Chenoweth. "Moving Beyond Deterrence." American Sociological Review 77, no. 4 (2012): 597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412450573.

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Rational choice approaches to reducing terrorist violence would suggest raising the costs of terrorism through punishment, thereby reducing the overall expected utility of terrorism. In this article, we argue that states should also consider raising the expected utility of abstaining from terrorism through rewards. We test effects of repressive (or punishing) and conciliatory (or rewarding) actions on terrorist behavior using the newly developed GATE-Israel dataset, which identifies events by Israeli state actors toward Palestinian targets on a full range of counterterrorism tactics and polici

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Mullins, Christopher W., and Joseph K. Young. "Cultures of Violence and Acts of Terror." Crime & Delinquency 58, no. 1 (2010): 28–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128710364807.

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Although uniquely positioned to provide insight into the nature and dynamics of terrorism, overall the field of criminology has seen few empirically focused analyses of this form of political violence. This article seeks to add to the understanding of terror through an exploration of how general levels of violence within a given society influence the probability of political dissidents within that society resorting to terror as a form of political action. Drawing on the legitimation–habituation thesis, the authors explore whether general levels of legitimate and illegitimate violence within a

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Korobeev, Alexander, Dmitriy Lobach, and Nguyen Hung. "Features of Terrorist-Oriented Criminality in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Measures of Legal Response to Fight it at the Present Stage." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (2020): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).400-410.

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This article examines distinguishing features of terrorist-oriented criminality in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, exploring quantitative indicators of certain types of crimes. It is concluded that the current level of political violence in Vietnam is low. Using a wide range of data sources on composite indicators (Global Terrorism Index, Global Terrorism Database and Global Peace Index), it is concluded that to date Vietnam has recorded a low level of political violence. The research explores basic «criminogenic» conditions or factors that lead to relevant risk of growth of political viole

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17

Likarchuk, Daria. "Political Terrorism: Forms of Manifestation." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 6 (December 9, 2020): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745x.6.2020.218770.

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One individual's terrorist policy can turn into terrorism for the whole world. Terrorism has become one of the global problems of today. It affects all spheres of existence of modern society, especially the security, stability and functioning of political institutions of the state, the stability of a multilevel system of socio-political and international relations. The study of political terrorism is extremely important for modern Ukraine, where the problems of violence, along with economic, social, spiritual, ideological and others, do not allow the country to develop in the direction of

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18

Delori, Mathias. "The “Global War on Terror” and the Fetishism of Lesser Intentionality." Political Anthropological Research on International Social Sciences (PARISS) 3, no. 1 (2022): 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1163/25903276-bja10032.

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Abstract The Global War on Terror has killed or harmed far more innocent people than “terrorism” over the last twenty years. This observation has led some critical scholars to reverse the mainstream question on political violence. Instead of asking how and why some people become “terrorists”, they analyse how the violence of the Global War on Terror has been produced and reproduced. This article contributes to this critical scholarship by investigating two cases: first, the “enhanced interrogation” policy implemented by the Bush administration and, second, French aerial bombings in Afghanistan

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Nawaz, Maryam, Shahzad Akhtar, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. "Drivers of Ethnic Terrorism: Case of Baloch Nationalist Movement (BNM)." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. I (2023): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-i).46.

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This research article examines the potential drivers of ethnic terrorism. The ethnic component has typically been ignored by terrorism academia, which has instead concentrated on developing theories that can explain all terrorist violence. The research does cover attributes of ethnic terrorism, whether it is a notion of nationalism or beyond depending on the case. This study focuses on the ethnic groups that why resort to violence to achieve their objective. The research tested the cause of ethnic terrorism based on three theoretical frameworks: political repression, economic grievances and el

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Eggert, Jennifer Philippa. "Researching Terrorism and Political Violence." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v6i1.266.

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Professor Louise Richardson is a political scientist focusing on terrorism and political violence. She became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford in January 2016, having previously served at the Universities of St. Andrews and Harvard. She has written widely on international terrorism, British foreign and defence policy, security, and international relations. Professor Richardson holds a BA in History from Trinity College Dublin, an MA in Political Science from UCLA as well as an MA and PhD in Government from Harvard University. She visited the University of Warwick in November 2017 to

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Aguado, Txetxu. "Spanish state terrorism: Writing the story of its violence." International Journal of Iberian Studies 36, no. 3 (2023): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00107_1.

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Basque society has been exposed to the terrorist violence of the Spanish state during and after the dictatorship and to that of ETA until its definitive cessation of violence on 21 October 2011. The search for the truth demands revealing the existence of state terrorism, regardless of how some historians attempt to diminish its gravity. In this article, the focus will be on cultural productions that make the writing of the history of terrorism in Spain more nuanced. The cultural texts studied include Pablo Malo’s film, Lasa eta Zabala (‘Lasa and Zabala’) (2014), Ion Arretxe’s novel Intxaurrond

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Orehek, Edward, and Anna Vazeou-Nieuwenhuis. "Understanding the Terrorist Threat." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (2014): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214549747.

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Terrorism is a tool designed to reach political objectives. Terrorism emerges in a social and political context, representing a form of psychological warfare aimed at achieving political goals by eliciting an emotional response in the populace of a perceived adversary. As such, terrorism requires both the ability to penetrate the enemy’s defenses and the motivation to justify violence. This article presents a means-end motivational account of terrorism, reviewing (a) the scope of the terrorist threat, (b) what drives perceiving terrorism as an instrumental means of reaching political goals, (c

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Morrissey, Susan K. "Terrorism and Ressentiment in Revolutionary Russia*." Past & Present 246, no. 1 (2019): 191–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz027.

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Abstract During the late nineteenth century, revolutionary terrorism emerged as a political tactic in Europe and across the world, where it formed one part of anti-colonial, anti-capitalist and national liberation movements. While its public spectacle took advantage of the new media landscape to communicate affective and political messages, terrorism was ultimately a ‘weapon of the weak’, a means for individuals and small groups to fight against the increasingly powerful modern state. The turn to insurgent violence was consequently imbricated with the experience of state violence. Focusing on

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Polat, Pınar. "Terörün Kadınlar Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 18 (2023): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.18.32.

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Terrorist acts, which aim to disrupt the political trust environment in the social structure, negatively affect all systems, such as social, psychological, economic, etc. The devastating effects that occur on the systems of those who directly experience these actions become chronic when the actions take place in the media for a long time. The aim of this study is to reveal the destructive effects of terrorism, which is a type of social violence and a concept whose definition could not be reached. In order to achieve the aim, first of all, the definition, elements, sources and reasons of terror

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Polat, Pınar. "Terörün Kadınlar Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 18 (2023): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.18.26.

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Terrorist acts, which aim to disrupt the political trust environment in the social structure, negatively affect all systems, such as social, psychological, economic, etc. The devastating effects that occur on the systems of those who directly experience these actions become chronic when the actions take place in the media for a long time. The aim of this study is to reveal the destructive effects of terrorism, which is a type of social violence and a concept whose definition could not be reached. In order to achieve the aim, first of all, the definition, elements, sources and reasons of terror

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Crisman-Cox, Casey. "Enemies within." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 8 (2017): 1661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717698819.

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I examine how the chief executive’s political party affects domestic terrorism within democracies. In particular, I contribute to the literature on terrorism within democracies by arguing that domestic terrorist groups prefer attacking when right-wing parties hold office. I find evidence for this claim as well as results indicating that left-wing executives are more likely to cut deals with domestic terrorist groups. These trends suggest that domestic terrorist groups attack during right-wing governance to build their reputation and reduce violence during left-wing governance to appear moderat

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Yordanova, Steliana, Ralitsa Yotova, Stoyan Boyanov, and Stoyan Garov. "TERRORISM – A BARBARIC TOOL AND ITS DISPROPORTIONATE COUNTERACTION IN THE CONFLICT BETWEEN HAMAS AND ISRAEL." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 4 (June 22, 2024): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol4.8222.

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Terrorism and its means have been applied since Ancient times, and over the years the human development and technologies have transformed it into a serious threat to the civilians, societies, countries and even to the international security. The globalisation of terrorism demands new approaches for the effective counteraction, in accordance to the dynamically changing security environment of the 21st century. Meanwhile, with the escalation of the conflict between Hamas and Israel, the issue about the terrorism threat took the headlines, both in the information space and at the highest politica

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Armborst, Andreas. "Modelling Terrorism and Political Violence." International Relations 24, no. 4 (2010): 414–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117810385779.

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Chilton, Phil. "‘Propaganda by the Deed’ in Theory and Practice." Journal of Applied History 1, no. 1-2 (2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10001.

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Abstract Many analysts of the ‘terrorism’ phenomena locate the desire to cause terror as a key definitional concept: terrorists seek to cause terror. Such a conception risks obscuring the motivations for the act of terrorism, it is committed purely to terrorise. The idea that this type of political violence is an act of ‘propaganda by the deed’, however, is one commonly applied by the perpetrators themselves. The anarchist ‘terrorists’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and contemporary ‘jihadists’ both understood their acts, at least in part, as propaganda by the deed. Beyond

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Newman, Saul. "Terror, Sovereignty and Law: On the Politics of Violence." German Law Journal 5, no. 5 (2004): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012694.

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This paper examines the ambiguous relationship between violence, law, and sovereignty in the context of terrorism today. It focuses, not on normative questions about terrorist violence, but on its structural relationship to law and the sovereign state. Part of the difficulty in theorising terrorism is its heterogeneous and indeterminate nature. For instance, if terrorism is to be characterised by a form of violence designed to inspire fear, then one can of course speak equally about state terrorism as one can about non-state terrorism. Indeed, one might recall that the very word terrorism deri

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Dr. Goutam Sarkar, Dr Goutam Sarkar. "Global Terrorism and the United Nations: Challenges and Responses." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention 14, no. 6 (2025): 134–38. https://doi.org/10.35629/7722-1406134138.

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Global terrorism remains one of the most pressing challenges confronting the international community today. It transcends borders, ideologies, and methods, making it a complex and elusive threat. Terrorist acts often lack clear motivations or identifiable origins, though they are frequently rooted in socio-economic deprivation, political manipulation, or broader ideological agendas. At its core, terrorism represents an attempt to achieve political or strategic objectives through violence and unlawful means. The United Nations has long been engaged in efforts to combat terrorism and bring perpe

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Proshyn, Denys. "Breaking the Waves: How the Phenomenon of European Jihadism Militates Against the Wave Theory of Terrorism." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 17, no. 1 (2015): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipcj-2015-0007.

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David Rapoport’s Wave theory of terrorism is one of the most oftencited theories in the literature on terrorist violence. Rapoport is praised for having provided researchers with a universal instrument which allows them to explain the origin and transformation of various historical types of terrorism by applying to them the concept of global waves of terrorist violence driven by universal political impulses. This article, testing the Wave theory against the recent phenomenon of homegrown jihadism in Europe, uncovers this theory’s fundamental weaknesses and questions its real academic and pract

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Junaedi, Fajar. "Relasi Terorisme dan Media." Jurnal ASPIKOM 1, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v1i1.5.

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Terrorism is the major issue in the recent years. As political communications forms, terrorism can only have significance as a communication act if the action of terrorism group transmitted through the mass media to the large audience. Terrorist did violence and other terror actions in order to get support from public, make fearness for institutional government and raise  funding from their supporters.

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Hilal, Reem M. "Refusing the Interrogation." Journal of Popular Music Studies 32, no. 1 (2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2020.32.1.57.

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This paper explores the way in which hip hop artists Iraqi British Lowkey, Iraqi Canadian Narcy, and the Palestinian crew DAM deploy music to challenge narratives of terrorism that are constructed to achieve political objectives and consequently obfuscate geopolitical inequities. Central to these narratives is the figure of the terrorist who is often conflated with Arabs, Muslims, Middle Easterners, and those who express dissent against these narratives. All three artists use hip hop to deconstruct the narratives of terrorism in order to address the perspectives of marginalized groups and to p

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Dr.Ram, Tiwari. "Role of media in post modern terrorism." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 16 (2023): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7939741.

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Terrorism is the art of manipulating political opinions and decisions by the use of violence and mass psychology, especially in a democracy - in dictatorships, carefully targeted assassinations would be more efficient. There are basically two strategies:1.collective blackmail 2. provocations. Both traditional terrorist strategies are, however, messy and risky. Terrorists have learned, that the victims tend to react unexpectedly, by rallying around their political leaders and accepting tougher counter-terrorist policies. Many good men (from the terrorist perspective) have to risk their lives fo

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Rahayu, Ratih. "RELIGION AND VIOLENCE: TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL ISSUE." Al-Masail: Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61677/al-masail.v2i1.205.

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This research aims to explore the phenomenon of terrorism and radicalism, as well as the factors underlying their spread. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with former members of terrorist groups, security practitioners, academics, and government officials. Ethnographic studies and content analyses of documents, social media, and propaganda materials were also conducted to understand the internal dynamics and communication strategies of terrorist groups. The results show that terrorist groups utilise social media and digital platforms to spread radical id

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Faruk, Hadžić. "Terrorism as a social and political phenomenon; denominational hypocrisy of Western and non-Western terrorism." Political Science and Security Studies Journal 1, no. 2 (2020): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428286.

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The studyʼs objective is to explore the social and political framework of terrorism and critically analyze the antihumanist approach to denominational hypocrisy of Western and non-Western terrorism. Radicalization and violent extremism are becoming increasingly pronounced threats to societies' security and stability at the global level. Despite the lack of uniform definitions and views on this phenomenon, terrorism as an antihumanist approach to struggle must be condemned by all nations and all religious groups within countries to delegitimize its protagonists. These are issues at the glob

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Serebrennikova, Anna, Alexander Sukhodolov, and Boris Spasennikov. "Criminological Characteristics of the Causes and Conditions of Terrorist Crimes." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 1 (2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(1).38-48.

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Terrorism, as a social and legal phenomenon, is one of the most dangerous challenges both for the Russian Federation and the global community. It is acquiring more and more diverse forms and its scale is threatening. Russian legislators describe terrorism as an ideology of violence and a practice of influencing the decision-making of bodies of power at different levels or of international organizations through the intimidation of people and (or) other forms of illegal violent acts. The article is devoted to the criminological description of the causes and conditions of terrorist activities. Th

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Haynes, Michael W. "Ulrike Marie Meinhof's Bambule and the Censorship of Terrorism in the Arts." Politics 20, no. 2 (2000): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00114.

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Ulrike Marie Meinhof's televised play Bambule was not broadcast for fear that it would elicit sympathy for the terrorist organisation she founded. This is despite there being no justification of violence for political ends. The withholding of funding and sponsorship continued into the late 1980s for works that condemned violence, but which also refused to provide positive support for the anti-terrorist measures of the state. Although understandable when a society is confronted by a crisis such as terrorism, it may hinder both the understanding of the complexities of political violence and deba

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Hansen, Holley E., Stephen C. Nemeth, and Jacob A. Mauslein. "Ethnic political exclusion and terrorism: Analyzing the local conditions for violence." Conflict Management and Peace Science 37, no. 3 (2018): 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894218782160.

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Previous work finds that countries that contain an excluded group are at higher risk of terrorism. However, there are good reasons to think that the impact of exclusion may be more likely to motivate ethnic violence when this exclusion is paired with local conditions that increase awareness of intergroup competition. In this study, we examine sub-national terrorist violence and find that areas that contain an excluded ethnic group are at higher risk of violence. Moreover, this risk is heightened by local population density, wealth, and country regime type.

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Sullivan, John P. "Medical Responses to Terrorist Incidents." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 2 (1990): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0002673x.

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Terrorism can be considered a form of low-intensity conflict. It results from extreme reactions to sociopolitical conditions. These reactions, through a variety of intellectual and emotional processes, are manifest as overt acts of violence. Terrorism includes acts by individuals or organizations which seek to change political or social conditions, make political or ideological statements, or obtain funds for sustaining ongoing terrorist or revolutionary campaigns. Terrorist incidents are increasingly prevalent. Often, they involve loss of lives and mass casualties and have special medical dim

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Richters, Frederick. "Can terrorism ever be justified?" Groundings Undergraduate 5 (April 1, 2012): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.5.237.

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Paul Christopher defines terrorism as “any act that involves the [...] intentional threat or use of random violence against innocent people for the purposes of instilling fear in others to bring about a political agenda.” The globalisation of terrorism in the 21st century has made these acts of random violence a prevalent issue of public debate and academic research, with a multitude of arguments either criticising or defending the extreme methods used by terrorist groups or actors. The arguments put forward not only address issues of normative ethics in relation to violent conflict, but they

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Ahmad, Ishtiaq. "UNRAVELLING THE COMPLEXITY OF TERRORISM." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (2022): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.1266.

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Terrorism represents a multifaceted problem and attempts to elucidate it often succumb to oversimplification and abstract generalities. As a result, despite its massive human and material destruction over recent years, there remains a profound lack of understanding around terrorism. This leads to unproductive controversies and emotionally-charged debates. This article aims to conceptualize terrorism, considering its intricate definition, causes, objectives, and manifestations. It seeks to address questions such as whether terrorism is a means to an end or an end in itself, whether the label “t

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Knight, Charles. "Instrumental red teaming of “terrorism”: attack-concept gaming to develop comprehension, anticipation and resilience." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 2 (2019): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2019-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a gaming approach to making key theoretical ideas accessible, understandable and useful for security practitioners confronting “terrorism” in the real world. Design/methodology/approach The tool is instrumental “red-team” matrix gaming: a structured way to first build and then wargame instrumental “terrorist” attack plans. The working assumption is that “terrorist” violence is designed with purpose, and that it reflects Fromkin’s understanding that terrorism is a form of jujitsu to manipulate more powerful opponents into politically and ideologi

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Ghatak, Sambuddha, Aaron Gold, and Brandon C. Prins. "Domestic Terrorism in Democratic States: Understanding and Addressing Minority Grievances." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 2 (2017): 439–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717734285.

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Scholars continue to disagree on the relationship between regime type and political violence, perhaps because the empirical evidence remains contradictory. To date, most studies generally explore the direct relationship between democracy and terrorism. Yet, we think the effect of regime type on terrorism is conditional on the presence of politically excluded groups whose grievances motivate them to challenge the state. We need to take into account both willingness/grievance and opportunity to understand political violence. Using a global data set of domestic terrorism between 1990 and 2012, we

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Novikov, Andrey Vadimovich. "Analysis of the impact of political isolation of ethnic groups on the growth of terrorism." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 2 (February 2022): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2022.2.37946.

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The presented work examines terrorist violence at the subnational level, taking into account the fact that the regions of residence of politically excluded ethnic groups are exposed to a higher terrorist risk. Moreover, this risk may be exacerbated by the high population density of the region, the level of economic development and the type of political regime of the country. There is some reason to believe that the influence of political isolation may also be more likely to motivate cases of ethnic violence when this exclusion is combined with numerous local and country conditions that increas

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Shaffer, Ryan. "U.S. Homegrown Political Violence and Terrorism." Terrorism and Political Violence 34, no. 1 (2022): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2021.2017176.

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Malia, Jennifer. "Spectacles of Terrorist Violence in Boris Savinkov’s Fiction." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 51, no. 4 (2017): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05104011.

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In the early twentieth century, Boris Savinkov organized assassinations for the Combat Organization of the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (PSR). He was not only a Russian revolutionary terrorist but also a fiction writer who wrote about political violence. With the publication of The Pale Horse (1909) and What Never Happened: A Novel of the Revolution (1912), many critics assumed Savinkov became disillusioned with political violence on moral grounds. I argue instead his works question the effectiveness of the PSR’s terrorism on political grounds by revealing the Party’s failed attempts to

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Odinaev, D. S. "Terrorism as a Special Form of Political Fight in the Modern World." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 15, no. 3 (2021): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2021-03-135-140.

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Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human history, and since ancient times, various political and social forces have tried to seize power in this way, resorting to violence and intimidation. Various forces saw terrorism as a means of fighting their opponents. In the middle Ages, terrorism acquired a special status in European countries as a special form of political struggle to protect the interests of the state, church and religious authorities.The very act of officially killing criminals in any form was committed with the aim of intimidating people and various sectors of society. The violen

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Korostelev, S. V. "Towards an Interpretation of the Phenomenon of Terrorism: The Influence of the Legacy of the Nuremberg Tribunal." Administrative Consulting, no. 5 (June 7, 2018): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2018-5-19-29.

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Terrorism is most often understood as the term used to describe the method by which a political organization (organized group) seeks to achieve its definite goals, mainly by intimidating a large part of society by means of systematic extreme indiscriminate violence against civilians, or selective violence against symbolic targets, to influence the government.All the already known and possible future concepts of terrorism, as well as the official strategies for countering it, are politically preconditioned. These concepts are the result of a combination of actions or al

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