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Journal articles on the topic 'Politics – Environmental aspects'
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1
PATERSON, MATTHEW. "Car culture and global environmental politics." Review of International Studies 26, no. 2 (April 2000): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500002539.
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This article develops emerging critical approaches to global environmental politics by starting with the question, posed by Julian Saurin: ‘If degrading practices occur as a matter of routine, how do we account for this?’. Through an analysis of the global political economy of the car, it shows that widespread social practices which systemically produce global environmental change are simultaneously deeply embedded in the reproduction of global power structures. It focuses on three interconnected aspects of this global political economy—the role of the car industry in processes of globalization, its role in reproducing capital accumulation in the twentieth century, and the promotion of the car over its alternatives by states.
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Rusakova, J. A. "Theoretical Aspects of Analysis of International Environmental Security." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-162-167.
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Abstract: International environmental security is a very hot contemporary issue of world politics, which in a large part defines the future of our environment. Dealing with this issue is of outmost importance since its failure will render all other issues and challenges as negligible. The article examines the theoretical aspects of solving the problem of environmental security. In particular, it analyzes the problem of negative social externalities, and the related concept of "tragedy of the commons." These problems create a fundamental obstacle to the implementation of environmental security at the global level. Traditionally, the problem of externalities in the environmental field have been approached economically, states and their manufacturers were to pay for the externalities in the form of additional taxes. However, experience shows that the economic tools of dealing with environmental security are not effective. The author suggests alternative non-economic approaches: strengthening and developing the system of permanent institutions of international negotiations on environmental security and promotion of environmental awareness. Solving the acute environmental problems is impossible without a change of the political philosophy of the ruling elites in most states.
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Kolodko, G. "Ethical Aspects of Business, Economy and Politics." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2007): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-11-44-54.
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Despite the main attention being given within the economic activity to the issues of efficiency and competitiveness, one shouldn’t oversee the ethical aspects of business and economic policy. Quite important are also the matters of truth and false in economic research. Several phenomena and processes - subsidies, dumping, weapons trading, fiscal system and policy - do have also their moral dimension, not just the economic one. Hence, the issues of ethics should be considered and discussed in a wider context. From this perspective there is still a lot to be done, especially in the countries with weak market institutions and relatively lower quality of market culture, including post-socialist countries in transition to market system.
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Upton, Caroline. "Communities, Culture and Commodification." Inner Asia 16, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340018.
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Mongolia’s new resource politics, central to the country’s geopolitical considerations and ambitions in the twenty-first century, must be understood in relation to their complex, multi-scalar socio-cultural, historical and environmental dimensions. This paper draws on the author’s participatory research activities with key informants in Ulaanbaatar and amongst rural herding communities to illuminate key aspects, contexts and implications of the new resource politics. Specifically, the paper presents an empirically informed analysis of pertinent social and institutional forms, environmental and cultural values and aspects of resource governance, with particular reference to land issues, pastoralism, mining and resistance. Conceptually, it draws on recent work, especially in geography and political ecology, on activism, conservation and particularly on emerging discourses and framings of natural resources as ‘ecosystem services’. Through attention to these concepts, it highlights contested dimensions of environmental values and valuation, of critical contemporary importance in Mongolia’s new resource politics.
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Nordblad, Julia. "Time for politics." European Journal of Social Theory 20, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431016653241.
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In a recent scholarly debate, the Anthropocene concept has been criticized for diverting attention from the political aspects of contemporary environmental crises, not least by way of the long timescales it implies. This article therefore takes on the matter of long-termism as an historical and political phenomenon, by applying a conceptual historical perspective. Examples are drawn from historical studies of forest politics. It is argued that conceptions of the long term, as in all concepts in political language, are historical and therefore problematic to legitimately define conclusively. However, many of the environmental crises looming in our time do indeed call for long-term perspectives. As a solution in accordance with its historical and democratic conceptual character, it is suggested that political long-termism paradoxically can and should be constantly deliberated upon and renewed in the short term. Its conceptual history can then serve two purposes: First, history can offer exempla of how long-termism can be conceptualized and institutionalized in ways that encourage continuous deliberation and reconceptualization. Second, historical conceptualizations of the long term can be drawn upon, both negatively and positively, in this continuous deliberation.
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Funke, Odelia. "The role of biopolitics in environmental security analysis." Politics and the Life Sciences 30, no. 01 (2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073093840001772x.
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Over the past 25 years, my academic and work experiences have involved and intersected with biopolitics, particularly environmental policy, international relations, and ethics. My academic and teaching experience was in political theory and ethics, and my early research interests turned to emerging recombinant DNA issues, involving the complex interaction of biological science, technology and public policy processes. My scholarly contacts included those with similar concerns, and so I joined with a group of scholars creating the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences. Several years later, my interests brought me to work in a federal agency where public policy decisions often raise important ethical choices, and the political and behavioral aspects of the policy process became more evident. My research centered on issues related to environmental protection. This work was also influenced by my professional friendship with Lynton Caldwell, another APLS founder and a remarkable scholar, whose work on environmental politics was internationally recognized. After the implosion of the Soviet Union, teaching environmental policy for the Agency in Eastern Europe renewed my interest in international relations, which had been my undergraduate focus. The topic of environmental security combined all of these interests. This topic gained substantial attention in policy circles, then declined, but is now being discussed again.
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Funke, Odelia. "The role of biopolitics in environmental security analysis." Politics and the Life Sciences 30, no. 1 (2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/30_1_71.
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Over the past 25 years, my academic and work experiences have involved and intersected with biopolitics, particularly environmental policy, international relations, and ethics. My academic and teaching experience was in political theory and ethics, and my early research interests turned to emerging recombinant DNA issues, involving the complex interaction of biological science, technology and public policy processes. My scholarly contacts included those with similar concerns, and so I joined with a group of scholars creating the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences. Several years later, my interests brought me to work in a federal agency where public policy decisions often raise important ethical choices, and the political and behavioral aspects of the policy process became more evident. My research centered on issues related to environmental protection. This work was also influenced by my professional friendship with Lynton Caldwell, another APLS founder and a remarkable scholar, whose work on environmental politics was internationally recognized. After the implosion of the Soviet Union, teaching environmental policy for the Agency in Eastern Europe renewed my interest in international relations, which had been my undergraduate focus. The topic of environmental security combined all of these interests. This topic gained substantial attention in policy circles, then declined, but is now being discussed again.
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Shatilov, A. B. "Ecology and politics: destructive aspects of the ideology of ecologism and the activities of environmental organisations." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 9, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-4-70-77.
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The article is devoted to destructive and extremist aspects of the ideology of ecologism (environmentalism), as well as the activities of modern environmental organisations in Russia and abroad, especially in the developed countries of the world, where the “green” theme is the most relevant. Particular attention the author paid to the topic of engagement and subjective component of the political activity of environmentalists, their involvement in projects of political and economic competition. Also explores the various manifestations of the negative activities of “green”: from political and ideological manipulation to the terror. Also, the article raises the question of prevention and ways to combat radical environmentalism.
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Mukhtarov, Farhad, Martin de Jong, and Robin Pierce. "Political and ethical aspects in the ethnography of policy translation: Research experiences from Turkey and China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 3 (October 22, 2016): 612–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674935.
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A currently burgeoning literature in planning and policy studies engages with the travel of policy models across countries and sites through novel concepts such as policy translation, policy mobility, and mutations. Increasingly, this literature calls for ethnographic methods to study the travel of policy models. Such methods require various degrees of researcher’s participation in the policy process. As a result, ethnographers become entangled in complex webs of relationships during and after their fieldwork, which introduces political and ethical dimensions to ethnographic fieldwork. The literature on policy mobilities and translation, however, has provided few practical guidelines regarding the politics and ethics of conducting ethnographic research. Based on two vignettes from our research experiences in China and Turkey, we discuss the politics and ethics of applying ethnography to policy translation and offer a number of hints for future researchers.
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Shand, Rory. "The Role of Ethics and Targets in Environmental Governance and the Enduring Importance of New Public Management." Political Studies Review 16, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929917704814.
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This article examines the importance of new public management in environmental governance. In order to explain what makes new public management such a robust framework for environmental governance, the article draws on the key themes of individual and collective responsibility in responding to climate change, examining the role of new public management in response to ecological and environmental change, resource scarcity, focus on global energy sources and politics. The article discusses the role of three aspects of environmental governance in turn: the theoretical understandings relating to individuals and society in response to climate change, the politics of these responses and governance arrangements, and how these are formed by the hastening paucity of certain energy resources. The article then moves on to examine these themes in the context of new public management, arguing that the responses we see to climate change in environmental governance are driven by measurement and targets, as these can be universally set and communicated. This shows the enduring nature of new public management in political and policy responses to the challenges of climate change. Bradshaw B (2014) Global Energy Dilemmas. Cambridge: Polity Press. Christensen C and Lægreid P (eds) (2011) The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Surrey: Ashgate. Cripps E (2013) Climate Change and the Moral Agent: Individual Duties in an Interdependent World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Death C (ed.) (2014) Critical Environmental Politics. Abingdon: Routledge.
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Natter, Wolfgang. "Radical Democracy: Hegemony, Reason, Time and Space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13, no. 3 (June 1995): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d130267.
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Taking her present essay as my point of departure, I elaborate key aspects of Chantal Mouffe's theorization of radical and plural democracy. In particular, I stress the importance of rearticulating hegemony, reason, and time and space for a theory of politics and the political commensurate with radical democracy.
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Kumar, Digvijay. "The Politics of Poverty." Social Change 49, no. 2 (June 2019): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719832406.
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The reduction in the official poverty rate seen in relation with increasing morbidity status, a mammoth income gap between the rich and the poor, ambiguous methodology followed to calculate Below Poverty Line Census and government policies on poverty reduction tends to question the whole poverty line debate. The official commitment to higher economic growth may reflect booming economic growth but it also has led to a large gap between the rich and the poor in both regional and social dimensions. To look into the causes and ameliorate poverty levels, various committees and policies have identified poverty levels. Using different criteria and methods, they still have failed to look at the social and political aspects. It is politics that has engulfed the whole discourse over universalisation of social welfare policies as some sort of justification behind the nation’s fiscal deficit and subsidy constraint-related questions.
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Clapp, Jennifer, and Sarah-Louise Ruder. "Precision Technologies for Agriculture: Digital Farming, Gene-Edited Crops, and the Politics of Sustainability." Global Environmental Politics 20, no. 3 (August 2020): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00566.
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This article analyzes the rise of precision technologies for agriculture—specifically digital farming and plant genome editing—and their implications for the politics of environmental sustainability in the agrifood sector. We map out opposing views in the emerging debate over the environmental aspects of these technologies: while proponents see them as vital tools for environmental sustainability, critics view them as antithetical to their own agroecological vision of sustainable agriculture. We argue that key insights from the broader literature on the social effects of technological change—in particular, technological lock-in, the double-edged nature of technology, and uneven power relations—help to explain the political dynamics of this debate. Our analysis highlights the divergent perspectives regarding how these technologies interact with environmental problems, as well as the risks and opportunities they present. Yet, as we argue in the article, developments so far suggest that these dynamics are not always straightforward in practice.
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Nilsson, Bo, and Anna Sofia Lundgren. "‘For a living countryside’: Political rhetoric about Swedish rural areas." European Urban and Regional Studies 25, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776416679216.
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The expression ‘a living countryside’ is often used to characterize the goal of Swedish rural politics. In this article the use of the expression in 170 non-government bills related to Swedish rural politics is analysed using discourse theory. On a general level, the expression was found to be empty of meaning and open for use by different and often opposing political parties proposing different and sometimes antagonistic measures. However, there were aspects of it that flirted with positively charged notions of Swedish national identity. It was also clear that the discursive struggle for a living countryside was also part of a party-political struggle. Further, the fantasy of a living countryside performed an ideological function in that it under-communicated how rural areas are generally and structurally subordinated to urban centres in ways that reach far beyond easily performed measures and political party quarrels.
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Gauslå Engell, Troels, and Katja Lindskov Jacobsen. "Unintended Consequences of the Primacy of Politics in UN Peace Operations." Global Governance 25, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02502002.
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Abstract The trend towards a more robust use of force in UN peacekeeping operations has received considerable attention from scholars pointing to the risk of unintended consequences. Since the report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations, the primacy of politics is expected from all UN peace operations. The unintended consequences stemming from this primacy of politics has received considerably less attention, especially in the context of the UN’s political missions. Through an analysis of the UN’s engagement with the crisis in Burundi in 2015–2016, the article shows how the UN’s political role was implemented in a specific case. The case demonstrates that unintended consequences from the primacy of politics have overlaps with those related to robust peacekeeping, but also differ on important aspects.
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Sweeting, David, and Robin Hambleton. "The dynamics of depoliticisation in urban governance: Introducing a directly elected mayor." Urban Studies 57, no. 5 (March 13, 2019): 1068–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019827506.
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Within the context of debates regarding depoliticisation, this article considers how the introduction of a directly elected mayor system of governance impacts on urban politics. Directly elected mayors are now a fundamental feature of many political systems. They have been widely introduced as a reform to improve processes of local democracy, enhance the effectiveness of governing practices and to offer a more potent form of city leadership. This article focuses on developments in England, by presenting the case of Bristol, a city epitomising many aspects of modern neo-liberalised urban development. Bristol adopted a mayoral system in 2012 and the article presents empirical data from before and after this reform pertaining to two frameworks to understand city leadership. We conclude that the move to mayoral governance, in Bristol in the 2012–2016 period, eroded the influence of party politics and led to the adoption of elements of a leadership style associated with a depoliticisation of urban politics in the city. Nevertheless, the analysis suggests that the mayoral model also provides significant space for the expansion of political agency on the part of the city leader, not least because power becomes concentrated in the mayoral position.
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Fernandes, Ricardo Cid, and Leonel Piovezana. "The Kaingang perspectives on land and environmental rights in the south of Brazil." Ambiente & Sociedade 18, no. 2 (June 2015): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex07v1822015en.
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This article discusses aspects of culture-nature relations among indigenous groups in Southern Brazil. Based on the ethnography of Kaingang groups in the state of Santa Catarina, conceptions of culture and nature are considered taking into account the relationship between politics and cosmology. More specifically, this article focuses on the analysis of two different kinds of ethnographic sources, namely: the historical processes of recovery of indigenous lands; and, the references to nature expressed in mythological narratives and ritual processes. Indeed, in the recent history of the Kaingang, the struggle for "indigenous tradition" has triggered scenes and scenarios from the past. These scenarios not only involve inter-ethnic resistance, but also specific notions of nature, culture and environmental recovery. In summary, this article argues that the link between political and cosmological conceptions forms the very basis of the indigenous perspective concerning their territorial and environmental rights.
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Semedov, S. A., and V. A. Sukhareva. "The Greta Thunberg’s Phenomenon and Technology of Mediatization of Ecological Protests." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-121-138.
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This article is devoted to the study of the mediatization technologies, the theatricalization of politics, and the penetration mechanism of mass culture into politics using the example of 2019’s bright phenomenon - Greta Thunberg and her «climate strikes». In this case, various aspects (political, sociopsychological, international, environmental, and ethical) are viewed and need analysis. However, the study of the interaction between the modern information environment and digital natives (generation Z), and the latest tools of modeling mass consciousness is of particular interest. Hybrid forms including elements of mass culture, communication strategies, manipulation technologies, and role-playing avatars present, nowadays, a serious threat to conservative politics. These politics present poorly calculated schemes of latent influence on mass consciousness. «Greta Thunberg - an angry girl in the struggle for the Earth» is a beautiful story, well created and produced with all modern social technologies, efficiently embedded in the world political agenda. A year after its appearance, it is a lever of pressure on high politics, a tool for man aging mass consciousness and a role-playing avatar for young people from 10 to 20 years old and, what’s more, a rooted sociocultural meme. The complexity of the study of this topic is due to the relative freshness of the case, its interdisciplinary character, and most importantly, its incompleteness. The final case can be modeled in different aspects, depending on the creativity of the «producers» behind the project. However, in the heyday of social media «in the global village» such hybrid entities will appear again and again. If, until recently, the most labile and manipulative audience was young people and students, in a short term society may face a «revolution of children» led by Hameln Pied Piper through social networks.
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Robinson, Jenny. "Spaces of Democracy: Remapping the Apartheid City." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16, no. 5 (October 1998): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d160533.
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Democracy is associated with particular kinds of spatialities. In this paper I address two aspects of the spatiality of democracy through an assessment of transitional arrangements for local government in South African cities. Political identities, as well as spatial arrangements, involved in democratic politics are associated with instability, uncertainty, and ongoing contestation. In democracies, the contestation both of identities and of spaces is institutionalised and this implies the generalisation of particular spatialities. Drawing on a spatially informed interpretation of the work of Ernest Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, I argue that the transitional phase in the emergence of democracy in South Africa has involved the growth of a democratic culture—even in situations where substantial compromises have been made to keep recalcitrant white interests on board. I question the assertion of a nonracial politics which seeks to erase the possibility of ethnically based political identities and argue that the failure of the left to hegemonise their perspective of a nonracial political project and a nonracial postapartheid city may have ironically assisted in extending the possibilities for democracy. A key conclusion is that democracies are associated with different spatialities which facilitate contestation and representation. A politics of space, given the radical undecidability of spatial boundaries, is supportive of the extension of democracy.
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Mansi, Egbo Walamam. "Environmental Health Aspect of The Novel Corona Virus Disease and Its Global Impact." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 3, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci131.
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Covid-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a zoonotic virus in which bats have been identified as carriers. The disease outbreak was first reported on 1 December 2019, in Wuhan city in the Hubei province of China. It has infected more than eleven million persons worldwide and hundreds of thousands have died from the disease complications. It has spread across over 213 countries and territories globally. The global economic impact of the disease has been monumental. The impact cuts across global stock markets, aviation, tourism, entertainment and sports industries. Politics and governments have equally been impacted upon by the disease as legislative businesses have been suspended as a result of the disease. Many political leaders have tested positive and have got to undergone self quarantine and treatment. This paper have equally identified and itemized environmental health aspects of the disease which include: sneeze, cough, talk, touch and covid-19 control waste materials such as face mask, disposable hand glove, medical apron, used tissue papers. Conclusively, it is recommended that face mask should be produced with materials that will be comfortable to people in order to encourage the use. Disused materials should be disposing of properly and promptly.
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Dunn, Peter T. "Participatory Infrastructures: The Politics of Mobility Platforms." Urban Planning 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i4.3483.
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Much of everyday life in cities is now mediated by digital platforms, a mode of organization in which control is both distributed widely among participants and sharply delimited by the platform’s constraints. This article uses examples of smartphone-based platforms for urban mobility to argue that platforms create new political arrangements of the city, intermediating the social processes of management and movement that characterize urban life. Its empirical basis is a study of user interfaces, data specifications, and algorithms used in the operation and regulation of ride-hailing services and bike-share systems. I focus on three aspects of urban politics affected by platforms: its location, its participants, and the types of conflict it addresses. First, the programming forums in which decisions are encoded in and distributed through platforms’ core digital architecture are new sites of policy deliberation outside the more familiar arenas of city politics. Second, travelers have new opportunities to use platforms for travel on their own terms, but this expanded participation is circumscribed by interfaces that presuppose individual, transactional engagement rather than a participation attentive to a broader social and environmental context. Finally, digital systems show themselves to be well suited to enforcing quantifiable distributional goals, but struggle to resolve the more nuanced relational matters that constitute the politics of everyday city life. These illustrations suggest that digital tools for managing transportation are not only political products, but also reset the stage on which urban encounters play out.
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Albu, Mădălina. "Considerations Regarding Environmental Aspects of Risk Management in the Oil and Gas Industry." Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (April 2018): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.27.213.
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The current global industry depends to a large extent on oil, gas and products. Hydrocarbons form of oil and its derivatives have become the main source of energy for the majority population. Crude oil, through its many uses is very important because it is cleaner than coal and cheaper and easier to transport than natural gas. Sometimes it called "black gold" and provides nearly half of the energy used in the world. Without it, would block transportation and large industrial equipment or thermal power plants could not operate.All activities of an organization involve risks and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, taking into account the effects of uncertainty on objectives materialize and the establishment of measures and actions needed. To have the expected effectiveness within the organization, risk management must become an integral part of the administration, politics and culture of the organization. Environmental risk management differs significantly from other types of risk management due to the fact that its particular characteristics reflecting the complexity of the environmentEnvironmental risk management is an integral part of the overall management system. Establishing detailed integration or interaction management system risk management system or environmental management systems implemented by the organization must not lead to increase resources needed for this process.Safety and environmental issues top the agenda remains in the oil and gas companies when it comes to risk management. Oil and natural gas, both extraction and transport, has a range of important risks both to workers from these activities by accidents at work are exposed to people from neighboring villages (major accident) and for the environment.This paper presents theoretical and practical considerations regarding the implementation of the concept of risk management in their activity in the oil and gas industry and emphasizes the aspects of the environmental risks of oil industry. In the first part of the paper theoretical considerations are made on risk management and risk management standard. In the second part also presents practical aspects of how risk management is implemented in the oil and gas industry.
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Bueger, Christian, Timothy Edmunds, and Barry J. Ryan. "Maritime security: the uncharted politics of the global sea." International Affairs 95, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz145.
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Abstract In this introduction to a special section of the September 2019 issue of International Affairs, we revisit the main themes and arguments of our article ‘Beyond seablindness: a new agenda for maritime security studies’, published in this journal in November 2017. We reiterate our call for more scholarly attention to be paid to the maritime environment in international relations and security studies. We argue that the contemporary maritime security agenda should be understood as an interlinked set of challenges of growing global, regional and national significance, and comprising issues of national, environmental, economic and human security. We suggest that maritime security is characterized by four main characteristics, including its interconnected nature, its transnationality, its liminality—in the sense of implicating both land and sea—and its national and institutional cross-jurisdictionality. Each of the five articles in the special section explores aspects of the contemporary maritime security agenda, including themes of geopolitics, international law, interconnectivity, maritime security governance and the changing spatial order at sea.
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Bagnoli, Franco, Ada Baldi, Ugo Bardi, Marina Clauser, Anna Lenzi, Simone Orlandini, and Giovanna Pacini. "Urban Gardening in Florence and Prato: How a Science Shop Project Proposed by Citizens Has Grown into a Multi-Disciplinary Research Subject." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p111.
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Urban gardening mainly means growing edible vegetables in a town. This practice has been traditionally used for economic reasons (subsistence agriculture), but now it has also acquired educational, nutraceutical, therapeutic and social relevance. The educational aspect of urban gardening has been the subject of a proposal for the newly born Science Shop in Florence (Italy). In the spirit of action-research, in our project we first decided to involve all (or many) potentially interested people. This has brought into light the galaxy of different aspects related to urban gardening and allowed the establishing of promising research lines. We discovered that this is a multi-disciplinary subject that touches themes dealing with agriculture, botany, psychology, chemistry, city planning and politics. We examine here the various aspects of urban gardening in the towns of Florence and Prato, two very different urban environments despite their proximity.
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Hoffa-Dabrowska, Patrycja, and Katarzyna Grzybowska. "Simulation Modeling of the Sustainable Supply Chain." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156007.
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The development of the global economy affects the environment in which we are living, often in negative ways, including pollutions, exhaust emissions, depletion of natural resources, and other concerns. Therefore, it is so important to use resources in a reasonable, sustainable manner and to be aware of the impact of our activities on the environment, which in the next stage translates into trying to limit negative impacts to the environment. Aspects of sustainable supply chain (SSC) have become more and more popular in the last years. Entrepreneurs pay more attention to the aspect of sustainable development in their activities, especially to exhaust emissions. The rational use of resources is also a very important topic. Not only economic aspects but also environmental and social topics are taken into account in company politics, which is characteristic of sustainable development. The main purpose of this article is to show the benefits of SSC. For this purpose, the simulation models showing the supply chain and the sustainable supply chain will be built. The benefits of SSC in economic and environmental aspects will be presented using a computer simulation tool. Using a simulation tool fits in with sustainability; thanks to modeling supply chains in their virtuality and analysis, many resources can be saved in reality (for example, thanks to the consolidation of freight).
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Jackson, P., and B. Holbrook. "Multiple Meanings: Shopping and the Cultural Politics of Identity." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 12 (December 1995): 1913–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271913.
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Many studies of contemporary consumption have tended to reduce a complex and contested process to a momentary and isolated act of purchase. A similar kind of reduction is common in many semiotic analyses of shopping malls and in studies of advertising which assume an audience's readings rather than investigating them empirically. Drawing on field research in north London, we provide evidence from focus group discussions of the social use of shopping centres and of the multiple meanings of such apparently mundane activities for the consumers themselves. Five themes are highlighted concerning skill, style, and shopping; shopping as a source of pleasure and anxiety; shopping as a socially situated activity; consumers as knowing, active subjects; and shopping as a highly and complexly gendered activity. These themes illustrate that the consumption process condenses many aspects of our contemporary identities including the dynamics of class and ethnicity, gender and generation, and the cultural politics of space and place.
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Lewis, John David. "HISTORY, POLITICS, AND CLAIMS OF MAN-MADE GLOBAL WARMING." Social Philosophy and Policy 26, no. 2 (June 24, 2009): 231–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052509090232.
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Claims that a man-made global warming catastrophe is imminent have two major aspects: the scientific support offered for the claims, and the political proposals brought forth in response to the claims. The central questions are whether non-scientists should accept the claims themselves as true, and whether they should support the political proposals attached to them. Predictions of a coming disaster are shown to be a-historical in both the long term and the short term, to involve shifting predictions that are contrary to evidence, and to be opposed by many scientists. The political proposals to alleviate this alleged problem—especially plans by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—are shown to offer no alternative to fossil fuels, and to portend a major economic decline and permanent losses of liberty. The anthropogenic global warming claims are largely motivated not by science, but by a desire for socialist intervention on a national and a global scale. Neither the claims to an impending climate catastrophe nor the political proposals attached to those claims should be accepted.
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Roy, Tania. "Non-Renewable Resources: The Poetics and Politics of Vivan Sundaram’s Trash." Theory, Culture & Society 30, no. 7-8 (October 7, 2013): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413503690.
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This article approaches the recent work of pre-eminent Indian conceptual artist Vivan Sundaram, Trash (2008), as a supplement to dominant representational practices of, and within, the Indian megacity. Re-purposing tropes that motivate both popular and specialist discourses, Sundaram’s recent ensemble rehearses the discursive construction of the megacity-as-waste, by representing an urban totality through elaborate, ordered arrangements of garbage. Working collaboratively with waste-pickers who are members of the non-governmental organization Chintan: Environmental and Research Action Group in New Delhi, the artist sorts, re-assembles and scales the found-objects of Trash into detailed models of a monumental urban landscape. Through a close reading of its formal aspects, the entry examines Trash’s reflection on logics of planned obsolescence which govern both the work as well as fantasies of economic nationalism premised on dualistic images of the global/mega-city.
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Plachciak, Adam. "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE LIGHT OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY – CHOSEN ASPECTS." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2011): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2011/4-1/14.
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Scott, A. "Wiseman on Federalism: A Critical Comment." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 4 (December 1987): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050411.
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In this paper I give a critical commentary on the paper by Wiseman, “The political economy of federalism: a critical appraisal”. Wiseman's paper has originality which has stood it well over time. I comment briefly on the equity-efficiency debate but concentrate on the aspects of political economy introduced by Wiseman. The opportunity is also used to give a brief view of subsequent developments in the literature, which have shown how far, in so many respects, Wiseman's emphasis on the “politics” of federalism has turned out to be correct.
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Perreault, Thomas. "State Restructuring and the Scale Politics of Rural Water Governance in Bolivia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 2 (February 2005): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36188.
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Recent attempts to grant private concessions to water in Bolivia raise questions regarding the effects of the state's neoliberal restructuring on environmental governance. Like other Latin American states, Bolivia has enacted sweeping neoliberal reforms during the past two decades, including privatization of public sector industries, reduction of state services, and administrative decentralization. These reforms have been accompanied by constitutional reforms that recognized certain resource and political rights on the part of Bolivia's indigenous and campesino peoples. This paper examines the reregulation and rescaling of rural water management in Bolivia, and associated processes of mobilization on the part of peasant irrigators aimed at countering state reforms. Although traditional resource rights of peasant irrigators are strengthened by cultural aspects of constitutional reforms, rural livelihoods are undermined by economic liberalization. The paper examines the implications and contradictions of neoliberal reforms for rural water management in highland Bolivia. These processes are illustrated through a brief analysis of current organizational efforts on the part of peasant irrigators.
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Fagan, Adam. "Global–Local Linkage in the Western Balkans: The Politics of Environmental Capacity Building in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Political Studies 56, no. 3 (October 2008): 629–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00711.x.
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This article argues that efforts by international donors, in particular the EU, to build the capacity of environmental NGOs in Bosnia-Herzegovina has less to do with fostering democratic stability and civil society, and more to do with establishing a new epistemic community. Among critics, the technocratic, apolitical and rather benign term ‘capacity building’ has become code for the transformation and undermining of ‘local’ knowledge, the disregard for existing ‘capacities’, the construction of new networks of experts and the importation of rationalities based on West European discourses and constructions of ecological risk, sustainable development and policy responses. Not surprisingly, the weaker the post-socialist state – legacies of ethnic conflict, the severity of economic collapse – the greater the extent to which capacity-building assistance seeks to transform policy communities, actors and networks. From the perspective of environmental mobilisations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, it is argued that the limitations of environmental capacity-building assistance are due in large part to the failure of donors to distinguish between different ‘capacities’, and their insistence on prioritising the development of project grant expertise and organisational management know-how over and above other developmental needs. The article illustrates the extent to which environmental movement organisations either require very basic developmental assistance or need more bespoke support that will enable them to engage effectively in political and legal contestation with the state. The article concludes that while aspects of environmental capacity-building assistance are clearly having a positive impact, the rigidity of donor aid and the framework of project grants as the mechanism for delivering assistance are limiting the impact to a narrow elite of organisations, of which some are neither non-governmental nor linked to indigenous local environmental networks within civil society.
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Klepp, Silja, and Christiane Fröhlich. "Migration and Conflict in a Global Warming Era: A Political Understanding of Climate Change." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050078.
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This special issue explores underrepresented aspects of the political dimensions of global warming. It includes post- and decolonial perspectives on climate-related migration and conflict, intersectional approaches, and climate change politics as a new tool of governance. Its aim is to shed light on the social phenomena associated with anthropogenic climate change. The different contributions aim to uncover its multidimensional and far-reaching political effects, including climate-induced migration movements and climate-related conflicts in different parts of the world. In doing so, the authors critically engage with securitising discourses and resulting anti-migration arguments and policies in the Global North. In this way, they identify and give a voice to alternative and hitherto underrepresented research and policy perspectives. Overall, the special issue aims to contribute to a critical and holistic approach to human mobility and conflict in the context of political and environmental crisis.
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Sheridan, Michael J. "The Ecology of Fencing." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000119.
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In the autumn of 2004, a remarkable gathering of 102 scholars took place at St Antony's College, Oxford: they had come for an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Trees, rain, and politics in Africa: the dynamics and politics of climatic and environmental change’. Symposium papers were grouped into panels that focused on either particular resources (such as trees and water) or particular aspects of social relationships (such as politics and discourses). This format resulted in a series of dialogues between the natural science and social science paradigms, and this first half of the present issue of Africa takes as its theme just one of those interdisciplinary conversations. Taken together, these authors demonstrate how the hybridization of natural science and social science can benefit understandings of the African past, interpretations of the African present and planning for the African future.1
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Seidl, Irmi, Clement A. Tisdell, and Steve Harrison. "Environmental Regulation of Land Use and Public Compensation: Principles, and Swiss and Australian Examples." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 5 (October 2002): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c01103s.
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The authors discuss the regulation of rural land use and compensation for property-rights restrictions, both of which appear to have become more commonplace in recent years but also more contested. The implications of contemporary theories in relation to this matter are examined, including: the applicability of new welfare economics; the relevance of the neoclassical theory of politics; and the implications of contemporary theories of social conflict resolution and communication. Examination of examples of Swiss and Australian regulation of the use of rural properties, and the ensuing conflicts, reveals that many decisions reflect a mixture of these elements. Rarely, if ever, are social decisions in this area made solely on the basis of welfare economics, for instance social cost-benefit analysis. Only some aspects of such decisions can be explained by the neoclassical theory of politics. Theories of social conflict resolution suggest why, and in what way, approaches of discourse and participation may resolve conflicts regarding regulation and compensation. These theories and their practical application seem to gain in importance as opposition to government decisions increases. The high degree of complexity of most conflicts concerning regulation and compensation cannot be tackled with narrow economic theories. Moreover, the Swiss and Australian examples show that approaches involving conflict resolution may favour environmental standards.
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Slater, David. "Spatialities of Power and Postmodern Ethics—Rethinking Geopolitical Encounters." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d150055.
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There is still a tendency in contemporary currents of political theory to marginalize the spatialities of power. In this paper I argue that the development of a critical geopolitical imagination can help to illuminate issues of inside and outside, the transgression of borders, and the subversion of sovereignties, and that these issues are vital to our global understanding of democracy, justice, and ethics. I consider three interrelated questions. First, I emphasize the importance of situating the discussion of justice, equality, and power in a context which is not only transnational but in which a consideration of the geopolitics of power over other non-Western societies is also in the foreground. Second, I examine critically those treatments of ethics and politics that tend to isolate the national from the international, especially when the West is represented as a self-contained entity. Third, in the context of recent discussions on politics and the postmodern, I explore aspects of the ethics of difference and intersubjectivity. This is done against a general background of West–non-West relations, and the impact of geopolitical encounters.
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Bond, John. "The Politics of Caregiving: The Professionalisation of Informal Care." Ageing and Society 12, no. 1 (March 1992): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00004645.
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ABSTRACTThis article reviews some of the literature on caregiving from social policy and on professionalisation from sociology. The context of the article is the care of dementia sufferers with particular reference to the role of family and other informal caregivers. The theoretical contributions on informal and formal caregiving have been dominated by the gender order and the professional order to the detriment of other aspects of structure. In the light of these theoretical contributions the article explores the inherent contradiction in society's desire to provide care to dementia sufferers without compromising the position of informal and formal caregivers.
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Cruickshank, Justin. "The Expansion of Prevent: On The Politics of Legibility, Opacity And Decolonial Critique." New Formations 100, no. 100 (June 1, 2020): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:100-101.04.2020.
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It is argued here that the liberal state has authoritarian aspects that are irreducible to the authoritarian aspects of neoliberalism. The argument draws on James Scott's work on modern state ruling through bureaucratic 'legibility', and the decolonial work of S. Sayyid on how a form of political Islam he calls 'Islamism' challenges the west's construction of modernity as an intrinsically western project. The state's need for legibility undermines democracy by seeking to shape political debate and political activity to fit its bureaucratic channels for engagement, and Islamophobia caused by the UK state's reaction to Islamism, shapes how the UK state seeks control via legibility. Prevent expanded in 2011 from focusing on 'violent extremism' to 'extremism', with extremism defined in terms of normative commitments the state takes to be in tension with its conception of 'British values'. The state defined the Muslim population as opaque because they were taken to not be socially integrated. This was used to justify a repressive ubiquitous surveillance based on what is termed here a 'legibility of symptoms'. This was presented, after 2015, as paternalistic 'safeguarding', when workers in public sector bureaucracies became legally obligated to carry out Prevent surveillance. Left-wing and environmental organisations engaged in extra-parliamentary protest are now as defined as potentially extremist. With the expansion of Prevent in 2011, the state created a 'pre-crime' space in civil society that is taken to justify repressive surveillance, presented as paternalistic safeguarding to save individuals 'at risk' of 'radicalisation' from going on to commit criminal acts.
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Heinzmann, Mónica. "Es hora de reflexionar sobre lo que hacemos. Bioética, ambiente y pandemia." Pelícano 6 (November 8, 2020): 077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22529/p.2020.6.06.
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It’s Time to Reflect on What We Do. Bioethics, Environment and PandemicResumen Desde sus orígenes la bioética fue concebida como ciencia de la supervivencia. Sus aportes recobran vigencia ante la situación pandémica y de crisis civilizatoria que cuestiona nuestros modelos de producción y desarrollo Nos proponemos un breve recorrido por las diversas vertientes actuales, desde la ética ambiental, la ecoética, la bioética ecológica y la Bioética fundada en los derechos humanos y algunas consideraciones éticas acerca de la situación ambiental odierna. Desde allí nos parece oportuno destacar algunos aspectos, tal vez poco considerados, y que cobran relevancia en este presente de transiciones y cambios, como son la revisión del enfoque tradicional de la salud a su valor como bien social y comunitario, la discusión y aportes acerca del bien común y los bienes comunes y de la Justicia ambiental que urge incorporar en los procesos productivos, en la economía y la política.Abstract From its beginning, Bioethics was conceived as a science of survival. Their contributions regain validity in the face of the pandemic situation and the crisis of civilization that questions our production and development models. We propose a brief review of the various current aspects, from environmental ethics, eco-ethics, ecological bioethics, human rights based bioehics, and some ethical considerations about the environmental situation or human beings. From there, it seems appropriate to highlight some aspects, perhaps little considered, and that become relevant in this moment of transitions and changes, such as the review of the traditional approach to health, to its value as a social and community good, the discussion and contributions about of the common good and the common goods, and of the environmental justice that it is urgent to incorporate in the productive system, as well as in economy and politics. Key words: Environmental Bioethics, Community Health, Common Goods, Environmental Justice.
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Laurenceau, Martin, François Molle, and Martin Grau. "Reducing water withdrawals: the negotiation and implementation of environmental policy in the Durance River Basin, France." Water Policy 22, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 1217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.112.
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Abstract Many parts of Europe are facing an increased risk of water scarcity and a potentially disastrous impact on freshwater ecosystems. In line with the Water Framework Directive and the 2006 Water Act, France developed the Sustainable Withdrawals Reform (SWR) in 2008, which aimed to restore a balance between the available water resources and people's needs across the country by 2017. While the literature has generally focused on the economics of e-flow policy instruments, few studies have analysed the politics of their implementation at the local level or how local interests and strategies influence the process. Inspired by the political sociology of policy instruments, and based on in-depth case studies in two catchments of the Durance River Basin (in southeast France), we argue that in order to achieve e-flows in such catchments, the SWR eventually encouraged new capital-intensive water transfers. Beyond their technical aspects, these infrastructure projects engender new hydro-social configurations by modifying irrigation technology and agricultural practices, as well as the spatial control of water. The impact of these projects on the environment remains uncertain. The discussion focuses on the role of key intermediaries and shows how the framing of negotiations leads certain stakeholders and issues to be excluded from the implementation process.
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WILSON, GAIL. "Conceptual frameworks and emancipatory research in social gerontology." Ageing and Society 21, no. 4 (July 2001): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008315.
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It is argued that conflicts arise in social gerontology because conceptual frameworks are not sufficiently developed. Taking a broad definition of conceptual frameworks that includes political awareness, I argue that the theoretical works of Anne Phillips and Nancy Fraser have much to offer when applied to social gerontology. It is, however, essential first to theorise later life in terms of difference and diversity and the potential for conflict between concepts. The main argument is that when researching a devalued group such as elders, the political aspects of research cannot be ignored even when researchers aim to be ‘apolitical’, and that research will be helped by considering the politics of equality under the headings of: universalism and particularism; convergence and recognition; cultural valorisation and redistribution; and redress and transformation. These categories are not completely separate and may overlap. Just as aspects of disadvantage are complex and interact, so are the remedies or theorisations that can be deployed.
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Costa, Giovanni. "Multidimensional aspects related to shiftworkers' health and well-being." Revista de Saúde Pública 38, suppl (December 2004): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000700013.
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The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".
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Joronen, Mikko. "Spaces of waiting: Politics of precarious recognition in the occupied West Bank." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 6 (May 9, 2017): 994–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817708789.
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This paper is an attempt to explicate a peculiar logic of government Israeli state apparatuses use to control the Palestinian population and colonize the West Bank; namely, the one of slowness, delay and waiting. To understand the operational logic of such governing, I suggest the conditions of recognizing Palestinian rights, their theatric performance by the Israeli state apparatuses, and the maintaining of precarity among Palestinians are the critical aspects to expand. By looking at the West Bank sites close to expanding Israeli settlements, I show how this mode of governing operates by recognizing the Palestinian right to claim justice, security and governance without actualization of these rights, therefore directing Palestinian resistance and sense of injustice to support the theatric functions of settler colonial state. Hence, theaters of recognition are created, the ones that ceremoniously keep administrative, legal and security processes functional, but through the slow processing, stalling and endless piling up of decisions, regulations, requirements and security exceptions do not alleviate the induced precarities.
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Hughes, Hannah. "Bourdieu and the IPCC’s Symbolic Power." Global Environmental Politics 15, no. 4 (November 2015): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00323.
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This article introduces Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of field, interest, and symbolic power into the study of global environmental politics, for the purpose of positioning the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) within the international field of climate politics. Revisiting historical accounts of the IPCC’s establishment, the article explores the IPCC’s role in generating international interest in climate change and the field of forces and struggles that has emerged around the organization and its assessment activities as a result. The IPCC continues to hold a central position within the climate field because of its symbolic power to construct the meaning of climate change. This makes the organization, its assessment activities, and the knowledge it produces central objects of struggle within the climate field, and the forces that this contestation produces structure all aspects of the IPCC and its work. The article identifies how developing-country attitudes, climate skepticism, and bandwagoning impact the IPCC’s place in climate politics and its assessments of the climate problem.
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Wilkinson, Eleanor. "On love as an (im)properly political concept." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775816658887.
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Love has been theorized as a way to rebuild fractured communities, and a potential way to overcome differences on the political Left. However, might it be dangerous to invest so much potential in the power of love? In this paper, I reflect upon Michael Hardt’s work on the necessity of love for politics. Hardt emphasizes the radical and transformative potential of love, seeing it as a collective and generative force. Yet, I argue that Hardt’s reading of love, tied to a Spinozist theorization of joy, provides a limited understanding of the affective dimensions of love. Instead, I propose that we need to think about the ambivalence and incoherence of love: how love can be both joyful and painful, enduring and transient, expansive and territorial, revolutionary and conservative. That is, to consider how love, even in its seemingly most benevolent and unconditional form, can still be a source of exclusion, violence, and domination. Ultimately, I seek to challenge this fantasy of coherence and togetherness, asking if there is still space for aspects of politics that are not joyful, that do not feel like love, that anger us, disappoint us, and that make us desire distance rather than togetherness.
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Kan, Karita. "The social politics of dispossession: Informal institutions and land expropriation in China." Urban Studies 57, no. 16 (February 13, 2020): 3331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019897880.
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Extant studies on land dispossession often focus on its economic and extra-economic aspects, with respective emphasis on the operation of market mechanisms and the deployment of state-led coercion in bringing about the separation of households from their land. This article draws attention to the under-examined role of informal institutions in the politics of dispossession. Social organisations such as lineages and clans pervade grassroots societies and are central to land control and configurations of property rights. In China, the reconsolidation of lineages as shareholding corporations that develop real estate and operate land transfers has rendered them prominent actors in the politics of land and urbanisation. Drawing on an empirical case study, this article argues that informal institutions play a crucial role in mediating both the economic and extra-economic processes of dispossession. It further shows how, by providing the networks necessary for collective mobilisation and supplying the normative framework through which rightful shares in land are claimed, social organisations are at the same time instrumental in the organisation of anti-dispossession struggles. By unravelling the social dynamics that underlie land expropriation, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the politics of dispossession that goes beyond narratives of state-led coercion and market compulsion.
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Pacho, Titus Ogalo. "Impact of Globalisation on African and Its Implications to Education." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): p81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n1p81.
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Globalisation is one of the most powerful worldwide forces transforming society. It dominates today’s world as a major driver of change. Globalisation has brought about an agglomeration of cultures, where diverse cultures not only interact but also sometimes clash. It permeates through all spheres of life including the environment, politics, economy, prosperity, culture, religion, education, and human well-being in societies across the globe. The present “villagization” of the world has greatly affected many African countries in almost all aspects of life. It has done so in both positive and negative ways. With the emergence of a global society, social, cultural, economic, political, technological and environmental events in one part of the world quickly come to be significant for people in other parts of the world. This theoretical paper assesses the impact of globalisation for Africa and its implications to education.
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Carter, Neil, Robert Ladrech, Conor Little, and Vasiliki Tsagkroni. "Political parties and climate policy." Party Politics 24, no. 6 (March 23, 2017): 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817697630.
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This study presents an innovative approach to hand-coding parties’ policy preferences in the relatively new, cross-sectoral field of climate change mitigation policy. It applies this approach to party manifestos in six countries, comparing the preferences of parties in Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom over the past two decades. It probes the data for evidence of validity through content validation and convergent/discriminant validation and engages with the debate on position-taking in environmental policy by developing a positional measure that incorporates ‘pro’ and ‘anti’ climate policy preferences. The analysis provides evidence for the validity of the new measures, shows that they are distinct from comparable measures of environmental policy preferences and argues that they are more comprehensive than existing climate policy measures. The new measures strengthen the basis for answering questions that are central to climate politics and to party politics. The approach developed here has important implications for the study of new, complex or cross-cutting policy issues and issues that include both valence and positional aspects.
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Nur Azhar, Hanif, Helmya Hilda Putri Fatima, and Isna Nufussilma Tamas. "Preliminary study of indonesia capital city relocation based on disaster mitigation principle with mental model approach." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014806002.
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Jakarta (capital city of Indonesia) is threatened by potential disaster in the future. Furthermore, scientists predict that Jakarta will sink in 2050. Currently, northern Jakarta has sunk by 2.5 meters in a period of 10 years due to human activities along with natural conditions which causes disaster, such as land subsidence by infrastructure construction and excessively use of groundwater, poor drainage systems, and a constant sea level rise. Government of Indonesia also considers several effects of capital city relocation such as changes in the fields of economy, politics, defense, security, social, culture, and environment. This study examine environmental aspects considered in the capital city relocation, associated to disaster mitigation using a mental model approach. Environmental aspects as the main factors are from human activities which caused by decrease of natural carrying capacity and natural conditions itself that caused an increase of disaster vulnerability. Both of these aspects are elaborated to compile a study of capital city relocation based on the disaster prevention principle. The study through a mental framework model can assist the government and relevant stakeholders in the formulation of capital city relocation.Jakarta, as the capital city of Indonesia, several sectors has facing rapid growing development, particularly in the sector of trade, industry, transportation, real estate, and many others
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Fletcher, Robert, and Jose A. Cortes-Vazquez. "Beyond the green panopticon: New directions in research exploring environmental governmentality." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848620920743.
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This introduction to the special collection explores how a revised or expanded understanding of ‘environmentality’ can further our analysis of the evermore complex terrain of environmental politics today. We offer an outline of the literature from which the discussion emerges and how the subsequent articles both engage with and depart from it. We describe the origin of the ‘green governmentality’ discussion following the rise of global sustainable development discourse. We then explain how this initial exploration was subsequently complicated by introduction of two further lines of investigation: (1) attention to the micropolitics of community-based natural resource management; and (2) extrapolation from this to describe the different forms of green governmentality within which such local practices are situated as well as the multiple scales at which environmental governance is exercised. Following this, we outline a range of critiques to which this burgeoning research has also been subject and the fruitful lines of future research to which they point. We finish by describing how the various contributions to this collection engage with different aspects of this multifaceted discussion as the basis for further engagement by other researchers in the years ahead.