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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politics of technology and information'
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Ansorge, Josef Teboho. "The technics of politics : information technology in international relations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610212.
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Iyamu, Tiko Osayande. "The impact of organisational politics on information technology strategy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10958.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-307).<br>The study consulted literature from both academic and professional domains. None of the literature referred to has done any study on the impact of organisation politics on IT strategy. The research conducted empirical case studies in two South African organisations. The two organisations are different in terms of cultural and transformative settings. The study included the involvement of people, processes and technology in the development and implementation of IT strategy.
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Savat, David. "The digitisation of politics: from the emergence of modulation to the dissolution of the body politic." Thesis, Savat, David (2003) The digitisation of politics: from the emergence of modulation to the dissolution of the body politic. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/738/.
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This thesis is an investigation of politics in the context of digital technologies. Its central claim is that technologies of what I call the digital ensemble express a politics that is very different from that of other technological ensembles. In order to come to an understanding of politics in the digital, this thesis explores three broader themes by way of discussions of three different technologies or assemblages of the digital. While I do not aim to establish an overarching conclusion as to a politics of the digital, I do identify both elements that are common among the three themes and where they diverge from one another.
The first theme concerns the operation of power in the context of the database and examines how subjects are acted upon. I argue that databases represent both an amplification of the disciplinary mode of power and, as a product of that amplification, also express a new mode of power referred to by Deleuze as modulation. It is this concurrent operation of these two modes of power that produces the subject as 'dividual', both object and objectile at the same time, which has a number of consequences in terms of how subjects are controlled and governed.
The second theme considers how the subject is constituted as actor and how this relates to the construction of the political in the context of the digital ensemble. This is achieved by way of looking at the concept of the interface. I argue that digital technologies constitute very different practices or forms of doing, both spatially and temporally. Using a broader phenomenological approach, I argue that these technologies constitute very different forms of being than that of the individual that is so central to much of modern political thought and its construction of the political. A key expression of the political in the digital ensemble, I argue, is the interface, enabling the production of a new human-machine assemblage constituting itself as flow/s.
The third theme is an exploration of the conceptualisation of political action in the context of digital technologies. Here I make use of the technological assemblage of the network in exploring the actions of fluid beings. I argue that modern political thought has always conceptualised political action as the action of solid entities acting upon and in relation to other solid entities. In the context of digital technologies, however, I argue that such a conceptualisation of action is not very useful; if one conceptualises the actor as fluid, then so must its actions be conceptualised as fluid. It is in such a context that concepts of flow and turbulence gain great importance in coming to terms with politics in the digital. Indeed, to the extent that a digitisation of politics can be discerned, I argue it makes much sense to think of it as a politics of fluidity.
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Savat, David. "The digitisation of politics : from the emergence of modulation to the dissolution of the body politic /." Savat, David (2003) The digitisation of politics: from the emergence of modulation to the dissolution of the body politic. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/738/.
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This thesis is an investigation of politics in the context of digital technologies. Its central claim is that technologies of what I call the digital ensemble express a politics that is very different from that of other technological ensembles. In order to come to an understanding of politics in the digital, this thesis explores three broader themes by way of discussions of three different technologies or assemblages of the digital. While I do not aim to establish an overarching conclusion as to a politics of the digital, I do identify both elements that are common among the three themes and where they diverge from one another.
The first theme concerns the operation of power in the context of the database and examines how subjects are acted upon. I argue that databases represent both an amplification of the disciplinary mode of power and, as a product of that amplification, also express a new mode of power referred to by Deleuze as modulation. It is this concurrent operation of these two modes of power that produces the subject as 'dividual', both object and objectile at the same time, which has a number of consequences in terms of how subjects are controlled and governed.
The second theme considers how the subject is constituted as actor and how this relates to the construction of the political in the context of the digital ensemble. This is achieved by way of looking at the concept of the interface. I argue that digital technologies constitute very different practices or forms of doing, both spatially and temporally. Using a broader phenomenological approach, I argue that these technologies constitute very different forms of being than that of the individual that is so central to much of modern political thought and its construction of the political. A key expression of the political in the digital ensemble, I argue, is the interface, enabling the production of a new human-machine assemblage constituting itself as flow/s.
The third theme is an exploration of the conceptualisation of political action in the context of digital technologies. Here I make use of the technological assemblage of the network in exploring the actions of fluid beings. I argue that modern political thought has always conceptualised political action as the action of solid entities acting upon and in relation to other solid entities. In the context of digital technologies, however, I argue that such a conceptualisation of action is not very useful; if one conceptualises the actor as fluid, then so must its actions be conceptualised as fluid. It is in such a context that concepts of flow and turbulence gain great importance in coming to terms with politics in the digital. Indeed, to the extent that a digitisation of politics can be discerned, I argue it makes much sense to think of it as a politics of fluidity.
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Griffin, Paul. "The new Scottish politics of information : governance and information technology in the devolved Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9238.
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This thesis provides an analysis of the new Scottish politics of information. It examines the implications of information communication technologies (ICTs) for the reformation of Scottish politics within the new historical Scottish moment of devolution. This is related to the advent of ICTs and the possibilities they afford for a further extension of democracy in contemporary Scotland. This in turn is set amidst the concept of informatisation. This term denotes the ability of ICTs to produce new information networks, and the thesis explores the likely outcomes of such conditions within their Scottish context. We begin with an exploration of the tensions existing within a specific frame of reference (Scottish post-war politics), and end with an account of the new context and circumstances of the informatised political system. As such, the thesis details the post-war technocratic era, and traces the movement into democratic deficit and outwards into the new Scottish historical moment: the devolution arrangements of 1999, and onwards. The associating theme throughout is the search for a new politics of settlement. The future of this settlement is however, finely balanced and lies somewhere between a set of contradictory and oppositional political forces. The connecting principle is provided by the informatisation process, and electronic governance. These political technologies are a pivotal feature of the new Scottish politics of information, and the thesis illustrates their centrality within contemporary governance. The positioning of distributed technologies, and distributed informatisation, is a central component of the thesis. In turn, it is contrasted with the development of a centralised form of political computing: given expression throughout the thesis as the new Information Union. Put simply, the thesis explores the implications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the reformation of Scottish politics within the new historical Scottish moment. It does so in the context of an opposition between two prevailing theories of the impact of information communication technologies on political life - the theories can be labelled Transformational Politics (Schwerin 1995) and Reinforcement Politics (Danziger et al 1982). The thrust of Transformational Politics is that there are new forms of interactivity which enable new forms of governance characterised by more widely distributed discourse, and new institutional forms such as social-political partnerships between government and community. The thrust of Reinforcement Politics is that the new technical forms of communication are used to further concentrate and control power by existing elites. Both these potentials are visible in the new Scottish Politics and this thesis charts the struggle between these tensions.
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Lindsay, Jon Randall. "Information friction : information technology and military performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65320.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 519-544).<br>Militaries have long been eager to adopt the latest technology (IT) in a quest to improve knowledge of and control over the battlefield. At the same time, uncertainty and confusion have remained prominent in actual experience of war. IT usage sometimes improves knowledge, but it sometimes contributes to tactical blunders and misplaced hubris. As militaries invest intensively in IT, they also tend to develop larger headquarters staffs, depend more heavily on planning and intelligence, and employ a larger percentage of personnel in knowledge work rather than physical combat. Both optimists and pessimists about the so-called "revolution in military affairs" have tended to overlook the ways in which IT is profoundly and ambiguously embedded in everyday organizational life. Technocrats embrace IT to "lift the fog of war," but IT often becomes a source of breakdowns, misperception, and politicization. To describe the conditions under which IT usage improves or degrades organizational performance, this dissertation develops the notion of information friction, an aggregate measure of the intensity of organizational struggle to coordinate IT with the operational environment. It articulates hypotheses about how the structure of the external battlefield, internal bureaucratic politics, and patterns of human-computer interaction can either exacerbate or relieve friction, which thus degrades or improves performance. Technological determinism alone cannot account for the increasing complexity and variable performances of information phenomena. Information friction theory is empirically grounded in a participant-observation study of U.S. special operations in Iraq from 2007 to 2008. To test the external validity of insights gained through fieldwork in Iraq, an historical study of the 1940 Battle of Britain examines IT usage in a totally different structural, organizational, and technological context.<br>(cont.) These paired cases show that high information friction, and thus degraded performance, can arise with sophisticated IT, while lower friction and impressive performance can occur with far less sophisticated networks. The social context, not just the quality of technology, makes all the difference. Many shorter examples from recent military history are included to illustrate concepts. This project should be of broad interest to students of organizational knowledge, IT, and military effectiveness.<br>by Jon Randall Lindsay.<br>Ph.D.
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Fodness, Kevin R. "Disability and Cyberspace| The Politics of Inclusion & Exclusion in Web Development Groups." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123925.
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<p>This dissertation attempts to answer the question “how can the online experiences of disabled people in the United States be improved?” To that end, it explores why the web is such an inaccessible place, including the extent to which accessibility is taught in higher education, the extent to which accessibility is valued as a part of good development practice, and what—if any—overlaps exist between making websites accessible and other desirable outcomes. I draw on my own 20-year history as a professional and hobbyist full-stack web developer, as well as a survey of 330 web developers, and 20 semi-structured interviews of web developers, designers, strategists, project managers, entrepreneurs, and user experience researchers that are part of my professional network in order to examine this question from multiple angles and in depth. I examine my informants' responses through the lens of ableism and the social model of disability, but posit that the complexities of modern web development are not so easily captured in either of those theories, and require a more nuanced view. I extend and challenge Helen Kennedy's (2012) <i> Net Work: Ethics and Values in Web Design</i> by more deeply addressing the responsive design trends of recent years and demonstrating the differences between web development in the U.K. and web development in the U.S. Finally, I posit that synergistic enablement is an example of a utilitarian approach to making the web more accessible—rhetorically and technologically tying accessibility to outcomes that may be more financially or politically desirable within capitalist organizations, such as optimizing websites for search visibility. </p>
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McCarthy, Daniel R. "Power, information technology, and international relations theory : the institutional power of the Internet and American foreign policy." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/31d00cb8-faee-462c-bec6-394ca740d162.
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This thesis examines the place of information communications technology (ICT) as a form of power in International Relations (IR) theory. Through an examination of the dominant approaches to ICTs in IR I outline the need to introduce a concept of technological power which can account for agency and culture in the process of technological design and development. Turning towards the critical theory of technology of Andrew Feenberg, the thesis argues that conceptualizing technology as biased but ambivalent provides the space within which agency may be considered alongside the structuring characteristics of technology to provide a more theoretically balanced and analytically productive account of the politics of technology. Building upon this foundation, the thesis outlines ICTs as a form of institutional power in international politics, acting upon agents at a distance in both space and time. This form of power is enmeshed in, and supported by, structural power relations and the interrelated discursive and ideological forms of power which maintain these structures. I examine the utility of these concepts through an extending empirical illustration of the role of the Internet in American Foreign Policy. This analysis argues that the Internet, as a product of American technological development, expresses a bias towards liberal capitalist values which forces other states to either alter their social practices or enact costly filtering regimes. The open networks of the Internet thereby facilitate the pursuit of an Open Door foreign policy by the United States government. Accounting for the technologically embedded cultural norms of the Internet casts a different light upon the nature of power in international relations, and requires that we take the constitution of an global material culture into account in our theories of international relations.
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Orndorff, Harold Nelson III. "The Social Media Presidency: New Media and Unilateral Information Dissemination." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303303603.
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Yaacob, Raja. "Information Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in a Malaysian political party." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549331.
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Bronk, R. Christopher. "In confidence information technology, secrecy and the state /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Fung, Yat-chu, and 馮一柱. "Information technology and empowerment in information society: use of computers amongst senior persons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245298.
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Silva, Leiser. "Power and politics in the adoption of information systems by organisations : the case of a research centre in Latin America." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/273/.
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This thesis applies contributions from the social sciences to the study of power to examine how and why organisations adopt information systems. Its main concern is the set of events, actions and factors that induce an information system to become routinised in the organisational life; that is how information systems become institutionalised. I argue that the actions and events that lead to the adoption and subsequent institutionalisation of an information system are politically motivated and facilitated by power relations because information systems are chiefly instruments used by organisational actors to achieve their goals. To develop the argument I have adapted and interpreted a model rooted in social and organisational sciences. This model is used as a theoretical framework for the collection and analysis of data of two case studies. the first case centres on the collapse of the London Ambulance Service in 1992. The second and major case study focuses on a research centre in Latin America. This case study accounts for the adoption and institutionalisation of three information systems in that organisation. The application of the theoretical framework constitute a contribution in researching power and politics of information systems because it illustrates how to link data to the theory. This thesis also contributes to the theory of power and information systems because the findings of the two case studies allowed us to make inferences that complement the original theoretical model. Furthermore, those findings are propositions that information systems practitioners might convert into useful principles in assessing the political base and power relationships of the organisation for which they work. The thesis concludes by asserting that the adoption and institutionalisation of an information system necessarily imply the exercise of power of those organisation actors that own or propose the system.
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Taylor, David Colin. "A political technology of information technology : assessing the developmental impact of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436229.
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Seo, Wang-Jin. "Political ecology and environmental justice analysis of information and communication technology." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 273 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1993336291&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ferguson, Charles H. "Technological development, strategic behavior and government policy in information technology industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84198.
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Campbell, Joshua Michael. "How Information and Communication Security Technologies Affect State Power." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1462540876.
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Rodrigue, Tiina K. O. "The Power and Politics of Cybersecurity: A Quantitative Study of Federal Cash Windfall Allocation as a Measure of Impact on Comprehensive Cybersecurity Posture." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28152128.
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In their attempts to create a comprehensive cybersecurity posture, chief information security officers (CISOs) can only be as effective as the resources they garner. In the federal context, budgets and spends are ultimately under the auspices of the agency heads who set priorities and direction. This study sought to gain insight on the impact of organizational power and politics in the cybersecurity post-budgetary process within U.S. federal government agencies through a comparative examination of budgeted versus actual spending. It addressed one research question: To what extent do power and politics impact the federal cybersecurity budgetary cash windfall allocation and the resultant organizational cybersecurity posture? The literature of organizational power and politics establishes means to measure the impact of individual and group power on budgets, funding, allocations, expenditures, and gamesmanship. Applied in the federal cybersecurity arena, the impact of power and politics on budgets and spend can be measured to better understand and mitigate risk factors in cybersecurity posture. A quantitative cross-sectional causal-comparative approach with a CISO survey was leveraged to study the topic ex post facto. The study utilized three phases of data collection from publicly available sources and primary data collection, as well as five phases of data analysis covering 2009 to 2016, to examine civilian cabinet-level agencies across the executive branch of the federal government. Findings showed that most agencies were budgeting cybersecurity in a comprehensive fashion. However, actual expenditures were significantly reduced from budgetary allocations and remained focused on the area of technology, leaving the people, process, and policy aspects of cybersecurity posture at times unfunded. Further, the results showed that the agency head and CISO had little to no power or political connectedness and there were intractable barriers against improving their dyadic relationship. The CISO’s career at the agency and political awareness, among other factors, were statistically significant in predicting the differences of cybersecurity technology budgets and spends, but the greatest effect was seen in agency head connectedness and political connectedness. Considering the vital importance of the CISO in the federal sphere, these findings point to issues that need to be further studied and addressed to effectuate a comprehensive cybersecurity posture.
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O'Neill, Ray. "ICT as political action." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ict-as-political-action(0e4deb95-6163-4b71-9061-a25956f766ed).html.
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This thesis is a narrative account of the development of my living theory of practice as a teacher and information communications technologies (ICT) consultant with a national awarding body. Within my two workplaces I experience myself as a living contradiction when my values are denied in practice, in relation to the prohibition of full participation of all participants through the suppression of their voices, or by the imposition of too-rapid organisational change. The thesis accounts for how I have attempted to transform these unsatisfactory situations into life-affirming practices for all through exercising my educational influence in learning for personal and organisational sustainability. The significance of my research lies in my capacity to explain how I hold myself accountable for my improved practice as I develop emancipatory pedagogies and conditions that nurture personal and social wellbeing. I have generated my living theory of emancipatory practice through finding ways to enable myself and others to work in solidarity to exercise our agency through communicative action (Habermas 1975). This is accomplished through realising the potentials of ICT as a form of communicative action within actual and virtual communities of practice, which becomes a significant feature of the originality of my contribution to knowledge of my field. Originality is extended in the production of evidence to test the validity of my theorization of ICT as political action. The multimedia evidence base is continued in the production of a multimedia thesis that accompanies and embeds the linguistic form of the thesis, a communication of my parallel understanding of traditional forms of theory and pedagogy as subsets of their wider inclusional and relational forms. The thesis also explores how values may be clarified in the course of their emergence in practice and transformed into living standards of judgement.
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Fisher, Lyndsey. "How Kosovar citizens engage in the political process : the role of interest groups and the uses of technology /." Link to online version, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2070.
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Mitev, N. N. "Information systems failure, politics and the sociology of translation : the problematic introduction of an American computerised reservation system and yield management at French Railways." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14824/.
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This in-depth cases tudy examinest he troubled introduction of a new computerisedr eservation system at French Railways. Socrale, based on the American Airlines Sabre system, had a disastrous beginning.I t wasb adly receivedb y the Frenchp ublic, led to strikes andg overnmentin quiries,a nd had to be modified substantially.T he literatureo n information systemsf ailure is reviewedf rom functionalistt o social constructivista nd critical perspectivesa nd the thesis aims to challengeb eliefs and assumptions about technological success and failure. The notion of 'symmetry' from the sociology of technology emphasisetsh at failures expresst he samed ynamicsa s successess,h owingh ow technologicalc hoicesa re not obvious or unproblematic. Differences between air and rail transporý between American and European transport deregulation and between the needs of national identity, regional development and public access to transporta re all reflectedi n the questiono f yield managementY. ield managemenist a crucial component of computerisedre servations ystemsa nd was first adoptedd uring the deregulationo f the US air transport industry in the early 80s. It requires complex optimisation software designed to manage passenger revenues and control demand, by manipulating the availability of full and discounted fares according to monitoredd emanda nds tatisticaal nalysis. Latour and Callon's sociology of 'translation' helps analyse how the Socrate project was undertaken and interpreted as: borrowing from airline pricing, aiming to gain competitive advantage, associatingS ocrate to the successo f high-speedt rains, attemptingt o changep assengersb' uying and travelling behaviour, transformingt he organisationa nd helping identify profitable market segmentsA. non-essentialisst tanceh elpsu nderstandh ow social and technicald istinctionsa re socially constructeda nd how the differentiation between what is technical and what is social, for instance in the conception and application of yield managementi,s a mattero f power and politics. Clegg's circuits of power are usedt o complement the sociology of translation in examining how power and political factors contribute to information systemsb ecoming( or not) obligatoryp assagep oints. Politically controversialc hangesin Frenchr ail transporta re associatedw ith the role of computer technology in deregulated European and global electronic markets and its effects on the concept of nationali dentity and sovereigntyin transportp olicy-making.
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FANNI, DAMIANO. "Pubblici nella rete : le politiche pubbliche in tempi di: Information and communication technology." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278611.
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Aviles, Grisselle. "How U.S. political and socio-economic trends promotes hacktivist activity." Thesis, Utica College, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590361.
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<p> Hacktivist activity is becoming increasingly prominent within the cyber domain and society. The boundaries between cyber terrorism and hacktivism are becoming more unclear. Hackers are becoming more skilled and involved in socio-political matters, not only in the U.S. but also internationally. Terrorist groups like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have found a venue to voice their ideals and recruit via social media. Furthermore, terrorist groups have partnerships with hacktivist groups such as Cyber Caliphates. This practice has pointed particular inclinations that characterize different hacker groups with different events. For this reason, computer security has become a matter of national security in the U.S. and research regarding political and socio-economic trends as stimuli for the increment on hacktivist activity must be conducted. This research explored the issue of profiling hacktivist groups, departing from the analysis of the hacker’s motivation as a product of a political and socio-economic environment. As comparative angles of analysis, the literature exposed empirical and factual information that integrated U.S. and international hacktivist events. The final research analysis proposed that U.S. political and socio-economic trends promoted hacktivist activity. Moreover, the research exposed that the existent relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli with political and socio-economical stressors (i.e., misrepresentation, restriction of freedoms, frustration and aggression) promotes hackers to act as hacktivists. <i>Keywords:</i> Psychological profiling; Professor Riddell, Hackers; Hacktivist; Hacktivism; Political Hacktivism; Socio-economic Hacktivism; Extrinsic stimuli; Intrinsic stimuli; Cyber Diplomacy; Cyber Constitution; Cybercrime Awareness Normalization Unit.</p>
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Diatlov, Vladimir. "Information technology in practice of organising : meeting fragmentation and interdependence by the incremental political delivery of information systems in financial services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416507.
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Chiu, Shu-Chuan. "Understanding the adoption and diffusion of information technology related curricula multiple theoretical perspectives /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297126.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2007.<br>Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 26, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0744. Adviser: Roger B. Parks.
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Chung, Jongpil. "Understanding the relationship between new networked information technology and governance in China and South Korea." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Evusa, Juliet Emali. "Information communication technologies as tools for socio-economic and political development the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) Huruma Community Telecentre as a case study /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1126819224.
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DI, GIACOMO STEFANIA. "Essays on financial markets and on effects of information and communication technology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/39.
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La tesi di dottorato si compone di quattro saggi empirici.
Il primo saggio verifica la performance delle strategie di portafoglio "value" e "growth" formate sulle deviazioni fra il valore osservato di un titolo e il valore fondamentale (determinato con il metodo di attualizzazione dei flussi di cassa), utilizzando il modello CAPM a 4-fattori. I risultati mostrano che, sia nel mercato azionario europeo che in quello americano, le strategie "short term DCF value" (basate su una selezione mensile dei titoli che hanno il più basso rapporto tra valore osservato e valore fondamentale nel periodo precedente) hanno rendimenti medi mensili che sono superiori a, non soltanto le strategie "growth" alternative, ma anche a quelle passive di "buy&hold" sul portafoglio campionario totale (il benchmark).
Il secondo saggio è dedicato allo studio di quanto i componenti "fondamentali" e "non fondamentali" sono importanti nella determinazione dei prezzi dei titoli azionari, in base alle differenze regolamentari tra paesi e alla composizione degli investitori nel mercato finanziario. I risultati empirici mostrano che il P/E fondamentale spiega una parte significativa della variazione del P/E osservato, soprattutto nel mercato americano (dove c’è più trasparenza di informazioni e una più dominante presenza dei fondi pensione). Mentre soltanto per il campione europeo c’è presenza di insider trading.
Il terzo saggio analizza il contributo dell’Information&Communication Technology ai livelli e alla crescita del GDP pro-capite. Le due ipotesi, che l’ICT aggiunge valore al capitale fisico tradizionale o rimuove i "colli di bottiglia" che limitano l’accesso alla conoscenza, risultano migliori del modello di MRW (1992) e di quello di Islam (1995). Il miglioramento della "within country" significatività nelle stime panel conferma che l’approccio seguito riesce a catturare due dimensioni del "time varying-country specific" progresso tecnologico.
Il quarto saggio è dedicato allo studio, tramite un modello a coefficienti random, del ruolo della tecnologia come fattore che, influenzando il potere e la produttività delle donne, ha effetti significativi sulle decisioni di fertilità. I risultati indicano che la diffusione di ICT ha un effetto negativo e significativo sui tassi di fertilità, anche dopo il controllo per il capitale umano e la qualità delle istituzioni di un paese. Inoltre questo effetto è altamente eterogeneo tra macroaree (vengono infatti identificati cinque diversi sottogruppi di paesi) per via di tre fattori latenti: le norme religiose pro-fertilità delle culture cattoliche ed islamiche, il grado di modernizzazione e di educazione di un paese e il "digital divide".<br>The present dissertation is divided into four empirical essays.
The first essay tests the performance of "value" and "growth" portfolio strategies formed on deviations between observed and discounted cash flow fundamental (DCF) values, using the four-factor CAPM model.The results show that, both in the American and European stock exchanges, "short term DCF value" strategies (based on a monthly selection of the stocks with the lowest observed to fundamental ratio in the previous period) have mean monthly returns which are higher than, not only the corresponding growth strategies, but also passive buy and hold strategies on the total sample portfolio (the benchmark).
The second essay is dedicated to the study of how much "fundamental" and "non- fundamental" components matter in determining stock prices according to differences in regulatory environments between countries and in the composition of financial market investors. Empirical show that the "fundamental" P/E explains a significant share of variation of the observed P/E, expectially for US stocks (where there is more transparency of information and more pervasive presence of pension funds). Instead only for the EU sample there is presence of insider trading.
The third essay analyzes the contribution of Information&Communication Technology to levels and growth of per capita GDP. The two hypotheses, that ICT adds value to traditional physical capital or removes the "bottlenecks" which limit access to knowledge, improve upon the classical MRW (1992)-Islam (1995) framework. The improvement of "within" country significance in panel estimates documents that this approach captures two dimensions of time varying-country specific technological progress.
The forth essay is dedicated to the study, by a random coefficient model, of the role of technology as a factor which, by affecting women’s empowerment and productivity, have significant effects on fertility decisions. The empirical results show that ICT diffusion has significant negative effect on fertility rates, after controlling for human capital and institutional quality. Moreover this effect is highly heterogeneous across macroareas (five subgroups of countries are optimally identified) because of three latent factors: pro fertility religious norms of Catholic and Islamic culture, the degree of secularization and education of a country, and the digital divide.
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Kluzer, Stefano. "The political economy of information technology in Sub-Saharan Africa : the diffusion of computers in Mozambique." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318361.
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Esslinger, Thomas A. (Thomas Andreas). "Democratization and the Information Revolution: A Global Analysis for the 1980s." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277751/.
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Comparative studies of democratization point to a multitude of explanatory factors, while often lacking empirical evidence and theoretical foundation. This study introduces the revolution in information technology as a significant contributor to democratization in the 1980s and beyond. Utilizing a cybernetic version of an evolutionary interpretation of democratization an amended model for 147 countries is tested by bivariate and multiple regression analysis. The focus of the analysis is on how the first-ever use of an indicator of information technology explains democratization. The overall findings show that information technology is a meaningful element in the study of democratization today.
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Register, Michael G. "Justifying the means| Electronic domestic surveillance programs before and following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the United States." Thesis, Utica College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10155656.
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<p> Throughout the years, the United States government and local law enforcement has used electronic domestic surveillance for criminal justice purposes. Shortly after World War II, the government began to abuse the power of electronic domestic surveillance for the purposes of gathering intelligence on American citizens. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, electronic domestic surveillance focused heavily on American citizens in the name of national security. The government has a duty to protect the United States and American citizens. The use of electronic domestic surveillance is a method for that purpose; however, the infringement of American’s Fourth Amendment rights has become a conflict for the government while trying to maintain national security. Along with attempting to keep security for American citizens, the United States government has lacked transparency in their electronic domestic surveillance methods, causing controversy with American citizens. It is a question of how much privacy would Americans sacrifice for their security. The research in this paper focuses on the comparison of the electronic domestic surveillance methods, how these processes affected the Fourth Amendment rights of American citizens, and the response to these programs and violations by Americans and the United States government, respectively. </p>
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Al-Bulushi, Yaqoob Dur Mohammed. "The effects of leadership roles on e-government performance in Oman." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260914.
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<p> The Oman government developed a vision to transform the nation into a sustainable knowledge society by supporting information and communication technologies to improve government services (ITA, n.d.). According to a United Nations (2012) report, Oman ranks 64th worldwide in e-government readiness, the lowest compared to other countries in the region. The goal of this qualitative grounded theory study was to explore processes associated with selected unsuccessful e-government projects in Oman, as well as the driver of failure, and generate a model with recommendations for the role of executives in government organization for successful execution of e-government initiatives. The main findings developed into a theoretical concept for a recommended leadership model for executives in Oman to use for the successful implementation of e-government initiatives. The research was guided by three research questions: “How do leadership roles in government organizations in Oman support the success of e-government projects?”, “What leadership skills do leaders need to possess to achieve successful implementation of e-government projects?”, and “What model of e-government projects in Oman could explain or account for the value of successful leadership?”. Study participants were 25 executives from five government organizations in Oman. Four themes emerged from analyzing research data (a) there is a need for e-government, (b) the e-government creates challenges, (c) challenges require a leader, and (d) a leader with particular skills mitigates challenges and influences the way to success. Four e-government essential leadership skills emerged from the study (a) determined, (b) knowledgeable, (c) communicator, and (d) social. </p>
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Park, Hun Myoung. "How does information and communication technology affect civic engagement? an analysis focusing on electronic government and campaign websites /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274260.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: A, page: 3141. Title from dissertation home page (viewed April 8, 2008). Adviser: James L. Perry.
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Cram, Laura. "The political dynamics of policymaking in the European Union : social policy and information and communications technology policy compared." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36192/.
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The underlying theme of this thesis is that to properly understand the process of European integration it is vital to understand the dynamics of the European policymaking process and the crucial role of the European institutions within this process. In this thesis the internal dynamics of the policy-making process within the European Commission in two directorates, DGV(Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs) and DGXIII (Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation), are explored. It is argued that a vital characteristic of the Commission's ability to influence any policy sector is its ability to respond rapidly to any 'windows of opportunity' ripe for EU intervention or, indeed, to facilitate the appearance of these windows. Yet, the means required to achieve this end, and the degree of success they meet, vary from sector to sector. It is argued that the Commission has an important role to play in EU policy-making, and ultimately in the integration process, thus it is vital to develop a detailed understanding of the functioning of its constituent parts, of the interrelationships between them, and of the influence of their activities upon the actions of the Commission as a whole.
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Khan, Enamul Haque. "A Technology and Management Perspective on Performance in Private and State-owned Banks – Bangladesh Cases." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37868.
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Abstract Title: Comparative Study Between Private and State-owned Banks: Technology and Management Perspectives Author: Khan, Enamul Haque Supervisor: Catherine Lions Background: Bangladesh is a lower developing country with limited resources and income. In Bangladesh, both private and state-owned banks operate side by side but under dissimilar conditions. State-owned banks are obviously overstaffed but secured by the government guarantee while private banks need to be competitive and profitable to survive. Two major competitive factors are technology innovation and good governance system. Private banks in Bangladesh are providing complete online solutions and function with a decentralized management while state-owned banks behave opposite due to government’s traditional attitude. Therefore it is relevant to explore what the state-owned bank can learn from the private bank so that the former can be more effective and profitable like private banks. Purpose: The purpose is to explore what the state-owned bank can learn from its private competitor. My first purpose is to analyze the functioning of technological improvements that, due to generation change, are vital for banks in developing countries. Secondly, since good governance is necessary for the organization to be efficient, I want to identify the main differences between state-owned and private banks that influence the performance. Finally, how to adapt these issues by state-owned banks to improve the performance is other purpose of this study. Method: Unstructured interviews with qualitative approach were carried by interviewing a private bank and a state-owned bank expertise. Primary data collected through telephone interviews helps to identify the practice in the different ownership systems and how growth factors work. Secondary data works as accelerator of the primary data. Conclusion: I have found that state-owned banks have three major problems are: Poor IT infrastructure, clumsy managerial governance working on regulatory bindings and political influence. To overcome these problems, state-owned banks should try to move towards decentralization of managerial activities and meet the technology standard requirements. Key words: Information Technology (IT), Private Bank, State-owned Bank, Developing Countries, Management, Ownership, Government, Regulation, Politics, Interview, Primary and Secondary Data.
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Souza, Maria Naires Alves de. "Use of communication and information technology in higher education: integrated system of academic management UFC." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11315.
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Nos tempos atuais vivencia-se uma revoluÃÃo da tecnologia, da comunicaÃÃo e da informaÃÃo. Essa revoluÃÃo tem afetado, alÃm de outras esferas da vida social, a educaÃÃo, as instituiÃÃes de ensino superior, a prÃtica docente, a formaÃÃo do professor e consequentemente sua prÃtica pedagÃgica em sala de aula, bem como seu relacionamento com os discentes. O interesse por esta pesquisa surgiu em decorrÃncia de serem os docentes os profissionais que tÃm maior aproximaÃÃo com os discentes, cabendo a eles, dentre outras funÃÃes, transitarem pelo universo da informaÃÃo, transmitirem informaÃÃo, possibilitarem o conhecimento e viabilizarem o fluxo de informaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo com seus discentes. Com este estudo objetiva-se investigar o uso do Sistema Integrado de GestÃo de Atividades AcadÃmicas- SIGAA pelos docentes de graduaÃÃo da UFC, mediante uma anÃlise desse uso entre as diversas unidades/subunidades acadÃmicas da universidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratÃria descritiva na qual os dados principais foram coletados no banco de dados da instituiÃÃo, seguidos por entrevistas abertas com os docentes que mais usam o sistema SIGAA. Conforme verificado, o SIGAA detÃm precÃrio uso pelos docentes de graduaÃÃo da UFC, e as postagens por parte dos docentes no mencionado sistema, nos Ãltimos trÃs semestres letivos, tÃm apresentado uma estabilidade de uso. Deste modo, alguma iniciativa deverà ser implementada pela administraÃÃo superior da universidade para uma efetiva ampliaÃÃo da sua utilizaÃÃo.<br>Nowadays we are living a revolution in technology, communication and information. This revolution has affected not only the social life, but also education, the institutes of higher education, the way of teaching, teacher education and consequently his/her own way of teaching in the classroom, and also his/her relationship with the students. The interest in this research arouse from the point that professors are the professionals that have more involvement with the students. Those are responsible for the universe of information, share information, make the knowledge possible and enable the flux of information and communication with his/her students. With this study, we aim to investigate the use of Sistema Integrado de GestÃo de Atividades AcadÃmica- SIGAA by professor of undergraduation courses at UFC (Universidade Federal do CearÃ), establishing an analysis of its use among the many units/subunits of the university. This is a descriptive explanatory research in which the main data were collected in the internal documents of this institution, followed by open interviews made with some professors that frequently use the SIGAA system. As it could be verified, the professors from the undergraduation courses of this institution has little knowledge of how to manage SIGAA, although the number of posts made by these professors on the last three semesters have been stable. So, an initiative must be implemented by the administration personnel from UFC in order to maximize the use of SIGAA among the undergradation professors.
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Pahlavi, Pierre Cyril Cyrus Teymour. "Mass diplomacy : foreign policy in the global information age." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85196.
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A sophisticated and high tech form of state-to-foreign population diplomacy based on the use of the latest communication technologies has developed rapidly in recent years and has acquired an increasingly important position within a significant number of foreign affairs systems. Pioneered by the heavyweights of the international stage, the phenomenon has spread rapidly to secondary powers and is progressively extending itself to varying degrees to all states around the globe. This thesis grapples with the enigma raised by the brisk re-emergence of this foreign policy concentration by attempting to understand the reasons behind both the quantitative increase in public diplomacy activities and the qualitative evolution of these activities in terms of planning, organisation and implementation. The first argument that this thesis broaches is that the sudden growth of public diplomacy is the result of the shift to a new phase of the information revolution (necessary enabling force) which has been amplified by contingent factors: the explosion of global terrorism (accelerator) and the perception of leaders and foreign policy makers of this new environment (prism). The second argument is that, beyond quantitative growth, the new operational context born of the advent of the global information society provoked a qualitative evolution of the public diplomacy inherited from the Cold War towards what is today mass diplomacy. The result is the appearance of a market driven diplomacy employing persuasive techniques borrowed from the world of public relations and marketing. The new diplomacy is an entrepreneurial diplomacy that limits governmental leadership to a necessary minimum and encourages the participation of private and foreign sub-contractors. It is also a cyber-space diplomacy equipped with new diplomatic instruments such as high-resolution satellite imagery, high-speed networks, digital broadcasting and other marvels of the late twentieth cen
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Yetter, Richard B. "Darknets, cybercrime & the onion router| Anonymity & security in cyberspace." Thesis, Utica College, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586579.
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<p> Anonymizing Internet technologies present unique challenges to law enforcement and intelligence organizations. Tor is an anonymity technology that has received extensive media coverage after a virtual black market hidden by its network was seized by the FBI in 2013. Anonymizing technologies have legitimate purposes, and as states increasingly employ sophisticated Internet censorship and surveillance techniques, they are becoming increasingly relevant. This study examines the creation of the modern Internet, explores the drastic changes that have taken place, and takes an in-depth look at intended and unintended uses of anonymizing technologies.</p>
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Shell, Joshua L. "Bots and Political Discourse: System Requirements and Proposed Methods of Bot Detection and Political Affiliation via Browser Plugin." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592136507505369.
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Sutherlin, Gwyneth Burke. "The Myth of the Universal User. Pursuing a Cultural Variable in ICT Design for Conflict Management through Quantitative Analysis: Implications from a Ugandan Case Study." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7510.
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This study took a novel experimental approach from the field of cognitive linguistics to quantitatively describe the impact of culture on the use of mobile information and communication technology (ICT) in the context of peace and conflict. Beginning with the hypothesis that ICT reflects a mono-cultural perspective for collecting and organizing information, this study tested how a failure to adapt at a cognitive level resulted in distorted narratives. This distortion has problematic implications for democratic participation in postconflict contexts and in data aggregation initiatives that inform policy decisions related to governance, election monitoring, human rights abuse reporting, and conflict management more broadly. Fieldwork from the Acholi region of Uganda supported the conclusion that current ICT tools used in conflict management contexts fundamentally distort the narratives they were designed to collect at a cognitive level. Findings from this research also presented avenues for software development around a new variable for cultural communication preference.
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Beam, Michael A. "Personalized News: How Filters Shape Online News Reading Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1315716858.
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Vaidya, Anil Vishnu. "The implications of organizational context for Information Systems and Technology strategy formulation. A study of socio-political factors in global corporations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5187.
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Information systems and technology strategy has been discussed by many researchers and authors over last three decades. The concepts of business alignment, competitive advantage, value generation etc. have been elaborated and still similar discussions continue. While the advances in IS/IT strategy formulation were being made, the businesses were changing their operating models. More specifically they became global businesses active in multiple geographies at the same time. This research aims to provide deeper understanding of IT developments in global organizations as manifested in the changing social and political environment of the organization and the reciprocal effect of social and political changes on IT strategies. Further it aims to investigate whether the relevant theories and concepts can be integrated to develop a new model that can incorporate the socio-political aspects into IS/IT strategy formulation. To achieve this objective the literature survey was conducted to explore available published papers in the sphere of IS/IT strategy formulation. Considering that the applicability of information systems and technology falls into the sphere of social sciences, the research design focused on the qualitative approach. The primary method of data collection was through semi-structured interviews with IT managers. This was complemented by interviews with business managers and consultants. Further the experiences of the researcher in the earlier role of practitioner were taken into account. Using grounded theory approach the information collected through interviews, own experiences and the data gathered from literature survey were used to develop a new model of IT strategy formulation. The model addresses the context part of IT strategy formulation process. This model development is aimed to counter and account for the political and social aspects of strategy development and deployment in global corporations characterised by diversity of cultures, attitudes and behaviours.
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De, Waal Liezel. "Making the connection : the inclusion of information and communication technology in Western Cape Municipal integrated development plans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17347.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study examines the Western Cape municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and questions whether these IDPs include Information and Communication Technology (ICT) initiatives that promote development.
IDPs are used by municipalities as multi-sectoral plans that provide situation analyses of municipal areas and determine development priorities in municipal areas. These development priorities must be met within certain budget and time constraints. Globalisation and the technological revolution have led to the rapid development and convergence of technology. Technology, such as the Internet and cellular telephones, has had various influences on society. One of these influences includes the possible application of ICT for the purpose of development. Therefore both IDPs and ICT can be applied for developmental purposes. The study thus brings together two seemingly unrelated concepts, namely Integrated Development Plans and Information and Communication Technology and aligns them with one another through the concept of development.
The study includes three main objectives. Firstly, the Integrated Development Plans of the municipalities in the Western Cape were examined to ascertain whether these municipalities address ICT in their IDPs. Secondly, the nature of the ICT initiatives was determined. This refers to whether the ICT initiatives are for use in the community or for use in the municipality. Finally, a framework was developed, which includes the classification of the different types of municipalities, together with the different types of ICT initiatives. Recommendations were made based on this framework. The various theoretical issues discussed in this study include the transformation of local government in South Africa and the establishment of developmental local government. Various issues concerning the use of ICT for development are also discussed and they include the ‘Information Society’, the ‘Digital Divide’ and ICT for development. This discussion emphasises that success of ICT initiatives for development depends on the nature of the underlying policy agenda; this agenda must be demand-driven and pro-poor.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die Wes-Kaap munisipale Geintegreerde Ontwikkelingsplanne (GOP’s) en bevraagteken of dié GOP’s Inligting en Kommunikasie Tegnologie (IKT) inisiatiewe wat ontwikkeling bevorder, insluit.
GOP’s word deur munisipaliteite as multi-sektorale planne gebruik wat toestandsontledings van munisipale gebiede voorsien en die ontwikkelingsprioriteite in munisipale gebiede bepaal. Hierdie ontwikkelingsprioriteite moet binne sekere begrotings- en tydsbeperkings bevredig word. Globalisering en die tegnologiese revolusie het tot die spoedige ontwikkeling en samevoeging van tegnologie gelei. Tegnologie, soos die Internet en selulêre telefone, het verskeie uitwerkings op die samelewing teweeggebring. Een van die uitwerkings sluit die moontlike aanwending van IKT vir ontwikkelingsdoeleindes in. Beide GOP’s en IKT kan dus vir ontwikkelingsdoeleindes aangewend word. Die studie bring daarom twee oënskynlik onverwante onderwerpe, naamlik Geintegreerde Ontwikkelingsplanne en Informasie en Kommunikasie Tegnologie deur die konsep van ontwikkeling by mekaar uit.
Die studie bevat drie hoof doelwitte. Eerstens om die Geintegreerde Ontwikkelingsplanne van die munisipaliteite in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek om vas te stel of hierdie munisipaliteite IKT in hul GOP’s aanspreek. Tweedens is die aard van die IKT inisiatiewe vasgestel. Dit verwys na IKT inisiatiewe wat binne die gemeenskap óf binne die munisipaliteit plaasvind. Laastens is ’n raamwerk ontwikkel. Dit sluit ’n klassifikasie van die verskillende soorte munisipaliteite, asook die verskillende soorte IKT inisiatiewe in. Aanbevelings wat gemaak word, word op hierdie raamwerk gegrond. Verskeie teoretiese kwessies word ook verder in hierdie studie bespreek. Dit sluit die transformasie van plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika en die totstandkoming van ontwikkelingsgerigte plaaslike regering in. Verskeie kwessies wat die gebruik van IKT vir ontwikkeling betref, word ook bespreek. Dit sluit die ‘Inligting-gedrewe Samelewing’, die ‘Digitale Gaping’ en IKT vir ontwikkeling, in. Hierdie bespreking beklemtoon dat die geslaagdheid van IKT inisiatiewe vir ontwikkeling van die aard van die onderliggende beleidsagenda afhang; dié agenda moet aanvraag-gedrewe en ten gunste van armes wees.
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Sühlo, Bertram. "Politik des Projektmanagements : mikropolitische Analysen zu Entscheidungsprozessen in IT-Projekten." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2734/.
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In der hier vorliegenden Dissertation wurden anhand einer empirischen Fallstudie die Entscheidungs- und Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer in IT-Projekten analysiert und auf diesem Wege die Handlungszwänge des Projektmanagements beleuchtet. Damit sollte ein Beitrag zum näheren Verständnis der Eigendynamik von IT-Projekten und zur Wirkungsweise der gängigen Ansätze von Projektmanagement und QM geleistet werden.
In dieser Arbeit wurden IT-Projekte und die Empfehlungen zum Projektmanagement aus politik- und organisationstheoretischer Perspektive beleuchtet, um Effekte begrenzter Rationalität, opportunistischen Verhalten und Inkrementalismus mit berücksichtigen zu können. Theoretische Ausgangspunkte für die Untersuchung sind auf der einen Seite die mikropolitischen Ansätze und auf der anderen Seite die Agenturtheorie. Gemeinsam ist diesen Ansätzen, die Auffassung, wonach das Handeln der Akteure in ergebnisoffenen, interdependenten Handlungskonstellationen stattfindet, in denen die Auswirkungen von Entscheidungen wenig bekannt sind und die benötigten Informationen den Akteuren in unterschiedlichem Maße zur Verfügung stehen.
Bezüglich der Empfehlungen des Projektmanagements wurde auf Normen und Richtlinien sowie die Einführungs- und Praxisliteratur zum Projekt- und Qualitätsmanagement und zur Verwaltungs- und Organisationsberatung Bezug genommen.
Die Fallstudie bezieht sich auf ein Realisierungsprojekt zur Einführung eines Personalmanagementsystems in einem Ministerium und seinen nachgeordneten Behörden. Das Projekt fand im Rahmen eines umfassenden Modernisierungsprogramms nach dem NSM statt und legte erstmals einen Schwerpunkt auf das Personalmanagement. Das Vorhaben war ursprünglich in drei Phasen von jeweils einem Jahr Laufzeit geplant. Mit der Realisierung wurde ein Konsortium aus drei Firmen beauftragt. Die Studie bezieht sich auf die erste der drei Phasen der Systemeinführung, die Pilotierungsphase in drei Pilotbehörden. Diese Phase beanspruchte insgesamt zwei Jahre und acht Monate und hatte damit ein Jahr und acht Monate Verspätung vor allem wegen wechselnden Ziel- und Aufgabenstellungen durch das Ministerium und aufgrund interner Steuerungsdefizite und Entscheidungsblockaden auf beiden Seiten. Die Entwicklung einer Schnittstelle in die Personalabrechnung wurde erfolglos abgebrochen.
Hauptergebnis der Arbeit ist, dass die Anwendung von Methoden und Instrumenten, die in den Projektmanagement-Leitfäden bereitgestellt werden, stets den jeweils individuellen Interessen der Akteure unterliegen und als Bausteine der akteursspezifischen Strategien fungieren. Dabei führen insbesondere Strategien der Unsicherheitsabsorption, die auf die gegenseitige Kontrolle von Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer hinauslaufen, zu unproduktiven, sich selbst verstärkende Blockadezyklen („Circuli vitiosi“), aus denen die Akteure nur durch Strategiewechsel ausbrechen können.
Zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer besteht eine strukturelle Informationsasymmetrie, weil der Auftragnehmer über die fachlichen-technischen Aspekte und über den aktuellen Projektstand besser informiert ist als der Auftraggeber. Gleichzeitig besteht jedoch auch eine entgegen gesetzte Entscheidungsasymmetrie, bei der der Auftraggeber formale Entscheidungsbefugnisse an sich ziehen kann und im Konfliktfall über das größere Drohpotenzial verfügt. Diese wird durch die Rechtsform des Werkvertrags verstärkt.
Die Leitfäden des Projektmanagements werden hierbei zwar angewendet, doch die Anwendung beschränkt sich auf fachlich-operative Aspekte der Projektdurchführung, in denen die Empfehlungen einen hinreichenden Konkretisierungsgrad erreicht haben. Nur unzureichend umgesetzt werden jedoch die Empfehlungen zu politisch-strategischen Problemen, deren Anwendung entweder einen komplexen strategischen Entscheidungsprozess erfordert oder zwischen den Vertragsparteien strittig ist. Als äußerst kritisch lässt sich vor allem der Umgang mit dem Leistungsumfang im Projektverlauf bezeichnen, die von Seiten des Auftraggebers häufig im Projektverlauf verändert wird. Hier kollidiert das Gebot der Unabänderlichkeit der Leistungsbeschreibung mit den vitalen Interessen des Auftraggebers, und es zeigt sich anhand der Fallstudie, dass die vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit beider Vertragsparteien nötig ist, um zu eine befriedigenden Lösung zu gelangen. Gelingt dies nicht, so kann das Projekt nur mit Hilfe so genannter starker Ideologien wie dem NSM in einer Art Krisenmanagement fortgeführt werden, bedarf aber dann der strategischen Neuorientierung z.B. in Form von Personalwechsel oder Reorganisationen.
Im Fallstudienprojekt hat sich herausgestellt, dass, eine Analyse der spezifischen Akteursstrategien (Policy-Analyse) den Akteuren helfen kann, die Ausgangskonstellationen besser zu verstehen und die eigene Strategie auf ihre Konsens- oder Durchsetzungsfähigkeit hin zu justieren. Hier halten die Leitfäden zum Projektmanagement jedoch keine befriedigenden Handlungsanweisungen bereit.<br>In the here available thesis on the basis of an empirical case study the decision making processes between clients and contractor in IT-projects were analyzed and in this way the compulsions to act of the project management were lit up. Thus a contribution should be made to the closer understanding of the self-dynamics of IT-projects and to the impact of the usual beginnings of project management and quality management.
In this work IT-projects and the recommendations regarding the project management were lit up out of politics-scientifically and organization-theoretical perspective, in order to be able to consider effects of limited rationality, opportunistic behaviour and incrementalism. Theoretical starting points for the investigation are on the one side the micro-political approaches and on the other side the agency theory. These approaches have the conception in common according to which acting of the participants takes place in result-open, interdependent action constellations, in which the effects of decisions are few known and the needed information is available to the participants in different degree.
Concerning the recommendations of the project management on standards and guidelines as well as the introduction and practice literature to the project and quality management and for the administrative and system information purchase was taken. The case study refers to a realization project for the introduction of a personnel management system in a Ministry and its subordinate authorities. The project took place in the context of a comprehensive modernization program according to the New Public Management and put for the first time an emphasis on the personnel management. The project was originally planned by in three phases in each case one year running time. The realization a consortium of three companies was assigned. The study refers to first of the three phases of the system introduction, the pilot phase with three pilot authorities. This phase lasted altogether two years and eight months and had thereby one year and eight months delay particularly because of changing a setting of tasks and goal by the Ministry and due to internal control deficits and decision blockades on both sides. The development of an interface into the personnel account was unsuccessfully cancelled.
Main result of the work is that the use of methods and instruments, which are made available in the project management manuals, are always subject to the individual interests of the participants and the participant-specific strategies. Thereby particular strategies of the uncertainty absorption, which come down to mutual control of client and contractor, lead to unproductive, intensifying blockade cycles („Circuli vitiosi “), of which the participants can break out only by changes of strategy.
Between clients and contractors a structural information asymmetry exists, because the contractor is better informed about the technical-technical aspects and about the current project conditions than the client. At the same time however also a contrarious decision asymmetry exists, with that the client can accroach formal powers of decision making and has the larger threat potential available in the conflict situation. This is strengthened by the legal form of the fixed price contract.
The manuals of the project management are here used, but application is limited to technical-operational aspects of the implementation of the project, in which the recommendations achieved a sufficient concretisation degree. However the recommendations are only insufficiently applied regarding politico strategic problems, whose application either require a complex strategic decision-making process or is contentious between the Contracting Parties. Extremely critical is above all designated the handling of the scope definition within the project course, which is changed by the client frequently in the course of the project. Here the requirement of the unalterability of the performance specification collides with the vital interests of the client, and it shows up on the basis the case study that the trusting co-operation of both Contracting Parties is necessary, in order to arrive at a satisfying solution. If this does not succeed, then the project can be continued only with the help of strong ideologies such as the New Public Management in a kind of crisis management, it requires however then the strategic re-orientation e.g. in the form of personnel change or reorganizations.
In the case study project it turned out that, an analysis of the specific participant strategies (Policy analysis) can help the participants to understand the output constellations better and to adjust the own strategy on its penetration ability or consent. Here the manuals hold no satisfying procedural instructions ready to the project management however.
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L'herrou, Bradley. "Experimental Reporting and Networks of Political Information: Lorenzo Magalotti's Framing of Courts and Nature." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5725.
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This thesis explores changes in experimental reporting during the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In particular, I examine and compare some of the works of Count Lorenzo Magalotti, namely the Saggi di Naturali Esperienza or Essays on Natural Experiments and the Relazione d'Inghilterra. In 1667, as secretary of the Accademia del Cimento – the Tuscan experimental academy founded in 1657 – Magalotti (1637-1712) authored the Saggi, a collection of experimental reports. These reports included extensive written descriptions of experiments along with dozens of engravings depicting the instruments custom-made for the experiments. Magalotti also served as ambassador and agent of the Tuscan court and in the same year he traveled to England to offer a copy of the Saggi to King Charles II. While in England, Magalotti corresponded extensively with Prince Leopold and with the future grand duke, Cosimo III, reporting his observations of the English court: descriptions of political, military, and intellectual life at the court of Charles II. Magalotti’s account of his experience was compiled as Relazione d'Inghilterra in 1669. My work shows that the Saggi and the Relazione, although different in their content, emerged from the same historical context. I argue that the way information was conceived and organized, whether it originated from experimental practices (Saggi) or diplomatic actions (Relazione), changed over the course of the seventeenth century. Experimental reporting, like political reporting, became parceled into small, discrete units suited for high rates of information exchange.
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Ahn, Michael Ji-Sung. "The role of political environment and the adoption of new information technology for citizen participation and communication by United States municipal government." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Evusa, Juliet E. "Information Communication Technologies as Tools for Socio-economic and Political Development: The National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) Huruma Community Telecenter as a Case Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1126819224.
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Webster, Steve. "Information technology for change : a survey of peace movement organisations and other NGOs in Britain: summary of findings (1995-97)." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369216.
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Evangelista, Rafael de Almeida 1975. "Traidores do movimento : politica, cultura, ideologia e trabalho no software livre." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280201.
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Orientador: Bela Feldman-Bianco<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-19T11:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Esta tese procura investigar o movimento software livre entendendo-o como um movimento social amplo, formado não apenas por militantes dedicados à escrita de software, mas por um complexo conjunto de entusiasta e promotores, dando especial ênfase a questões que envolvem cultura, poder, trabalho e ideologia. Afirma-se uma divisão política fundamental de âmbito internacional entre os grupos free e open e procura-se entender sua resignificação no contexto brasileiro. O método para a realização dessa análise é um relato etnográfico da nona edição do Fórum Internacional de Software Livre, maior evento mundial a envolver de forma ampla os militantes do movimento brasileiro, enquanto drama social. A tese destaca elementos contidos na etnografia, mas sintetiza um percurso de pesquisa de seis anos em eventos, listas de discussões, entrevistas e encontros do movimento brasileiro. Examina-se detidamente as relações entre a ideologia do software livre e outras questões que emergem ao final do século XX, como o neoliberalismo e seus movimentos de resistência e contestação. Procurase observar como essas relações articulam-se com alguns personagens e conceitos imaginados pelo movimento, como liberdade, o hacker - e a cultura hacker -, o nerd e o geek<br>Abstract: This thesis aims to investigate the free software movement seen as a broad social movement, constituded not only by programmers and developers but also by a complex group of promoters and enthusiasts. This work gives special emphasis to topics involving culture, power, labor and ideology, stating that there is a fundamental political division between the "free" and "open" groups in the international free software movement scenario. It also tries to understand how this process re-signifies such categories in regard to the Brazilian context. The method of analysis is an ethnography report of the ninth edition of the Fórum Internacional de Software Livre, the world's biggest event in the area, and the one which brings together the militants of the Brazilian movement in a social drama. The thesis highlights elements found on the ethnography and puts together data gathered in more than six years of field work, as well as information collected in other events, mailing lists, interviews and meetings of the Brazilian social movement. The relations between the free software ideology and some of the issues that emerged in the end of the 20th century, such as Neoliberalism and the acts of resistance to it, are strongly analyzed. The aim is to observe how these relations articulate themselves with some of the characters and ideas imagined by the movement, such as "freedom", the "hacker" - and their culture -, the "nerd" and the "geek"<br>Doutorado<br>Cultura e Poder<br>Doutor em Antropologia Social
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Famiglietti, Andrew A. "Hackers, Cyborgs, and Wikipedians: The Political Economy and Cultural History of Wikipedia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300717552.
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