Academic literature on the topic 'Politics/sport in the G.D.R'

During COVID-19, early-childhood school closings led to higher levels of stress in parents when compared to childless adults. In addition, lack of time to prepare, as well as mental-health problems, worry, and stress in parenting, may have hampered parents' ability to support their children's educational needs. The research aims to solve the problem of early childhood parenting during learning from home and improve the quality of early childhood parenting. The research method uses the research and development stage of the Borg & Gall model. Participants are mothers who have children aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique was done through expert validation and effectiveness testing with a quasi-experimental design. The data analysis used paired t-test statistical analysis. The findings show that the validity of the results of the material expert's test is 96%, and the media expert's test is 94% in the very good category. The effectiveness test based on the pre-test and post-test results showed that Sig. (2-tailed) <0,05 (α), which means that the parenting e-book media significantly increases mothers' understanding of parenting well-being practices in early childhood. The implications of this multimedia-based anyflip e-book can be downloaded via gadgets, android, laptop, practical, easy to read and repeated to accompany childcare activities from home.
 Keywords: Anyflip E-book, Early Childhood, Parenting
 References
 Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., Olken, B. A., & Sumarto, S. (2019). Private Outsourcing and Competition: Subsidized Food Distribution in Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy, 127(1), 101–137. https://doi.org/10.1086/700734
 Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (2007). Educational Research an Introduction. Fourth Edition. Bacon Publishing.
 Bruni, O., Sette, S., Fontanesi, L., Baiocco, R., Laghi, F., & Baumgartner, E. (2015). Technology Use and Sleep Quality in Preadolescence and Adolescence. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 11(12), 1433–1441. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5282
 de Jong, E., Visscher, T., HiraSing, R., Heymans, M., Seidell, J., & Renders, C. (2013). Association between TV viewing, computer use and overweight, determinants and competing activities of screen time in 4- to 13-year-old children. International Journal of Obesity, 7.
 Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440
 Ebert, S. (2020). Theory of mind, language, and reading: Developmental relations from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 191, 104739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104739
 Evans, M. A., Nowak, S., Burek, B., & Willoughby, D. (2017). The effect of alphabet eBooks and paper books on preschoolers’ behavior: An analysis over repeated readings. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 40, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.02.002
 Fry, A. (2020). Use patterns for ebooks: The effects of subject, age and availability on rate of use. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(3), 102150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102150
 Gerber, L. A., Guggenheim, M., Pang, Y. C., Ross, T., Mayevskaya, Y., Jacobs, S., & Pecora, P. J. (2020). Understanding the effects of an interdisciplinary approach to parental representation in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105163
 Lau, E. Y. H., & Lee, K. (2020). Parents’ Views on Young Children’s Distance Learning and Screen Time During COVID-19 Class Suspensio. Early Education and Development, 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1843925
 Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Chang, O. D., & Downing, K. M. (2021). Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105585
 Morawska, A., Dittman, C. K., & Rusby, J. C. (2019). Promoting Self-Regulation in Young Children: The Role of Parenting Interventions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 22(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-019-00281-5
 Mourlam, D. J., DeCino, D. A., Newland, L. A., & Strouse, G. A. (2020). “It’s fun!” using students’ voices to understand the impact of school digital technology integration on their well-being. Computers & Education, 159, 104003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104003
 Nuñez, B., Stuart-Cassel, V., & Temkin, D. (2020). As COVID-19 spreads, most states have laws that address how schools should respond to pandemics. 66.
 Paredes, E., Hernandez, E., Herrera, A., & Tonyan, H. (2020). Putting the “family” in family childcare: The alignment between familismo (familism) and family childcare providers’ descriptions of their work. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 52, 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.04.007
 Rosen, L. D., Felice, K. T., & Walsh, T. (2020). Whole health learning: The revolutionary child of integrative health and education. EXPLORE, 16(4), 271–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.003
 Thomas, V., De Backer, F., Peeters, J., & Lombaerts, K. (2019). Parental involvement and adolescent school achievement: The mediational role of self-regulated learning. Learning Environments Research, 22(3), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09278-x
 Tran, T., Hoang, A.-D., Nguyen, Y.-C., Nguyen, L.-C., Ta, N.-T., Pham, Q.-H., Pham, C.-X., Le, Q.-A., Dinh, V.-H., & Nguyen, T.-T. (2020). Toward Sustainable Learning during School Suspension: Socioeconomic, Occupational Aspirations, and Learning Behavior of Vietnamese Students during COVID-19. Sustainability, 12(10), 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104195
 Troseth, G. L., & Strouse, G. A. (2017). Designing and using digital books for learning: The informative case of young children and video. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 12, 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2016.12.002
 UNESCO, U. (2020). COVID-19 impact on education. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://en. unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
 Webster, E. K., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Fundamental motor skills, screen-time, and physical activity in preschoolers. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(2), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.11.006

Dietary protein intake should be optimized in all athletes to ensure proper recovery and enhance the skeletal muscle adaptive response to exercise training. In addition to total protein intake, the use of specific proteincontaining food sources and the distribution of protein throughout the day are relevant for optimizing protein intake in athletes. In the present study, we examined the daily intake and distribution of various proteincontaining food sources in a large cohort of strength, endurance and team-sport athletes. Well-trained male (n=327) and female (n=226) athletes completed multiple web-based 24-hr dietary recalls over a 2-4 wk period. Total energy intake, the contribution of animal- and plant-based proteins to daily protein intake, and protein intake at six eating moments were determined. Daily protein intake averaged 108±33 and 90±24 g in men and women, respectively, which corresponded to relative intakes of 1.5±0.4 and 1.4±0.4 g/kg. Dietary protein intake was correlated with total energy intake in strength (r=0.71, p <.001), endurance (r=0.79, p <.001) and team-sport (r=0.77, p <.001) athletes. Animal and plant-based sources of protein intake was 57% and 43%, respectively. The distribution of protein intake was 19% (19±8 g) at breakfast, 24% (25±13 g) at lunch and 38% (38±15 g) at dinner. Protein intake was below the recommended 20 g for 58% of athletes at breakfast, 36% at lunch and 8% at dinner. In summary, this survey of athletes revealed they habitually consume > 1.2 g protein/kg/d, but the distribution throughout the day may be suboptimal to maximize the skeletal muscle adaptive response to training.

Mapy kosmosu wewnętrznego. Opowiadanie J. G. Ballarda „The Reptile Enclosure” w świetle traktatu R. D. Lainga Polityka doświadczenia
 W roku 1962 J. G. Ballard opublikował manifest artystyczny „Which Way to Inner Space?”, w którym postulował, by twórcy ambitnej science fiction odeszli od powtarzalnych historii o galaktycznych przygodach, a zajęli się kosmosem wewnętrznym człowieka. Dwa lata później pisarz opublikował opowiadanie „The Reptile Enclosure” („Wybieg dla gadów”, nie tłumaczone na polski), które, choć pozornie poświęcone umieszczeniu na orbicie nowego satelity, stanowi dogłębne studium kosmosu wewnętrznego – bezczasowej przestrzeni pradawnych instynktów Człowieka z Cro-Magnon, odziedziczonej przez współczesnych ludzi.
 Artykuł interpretuje „The Reptile Enclosure” w kontekście tez Ballarda wyrażonych w manifeście oraz traktatu R. D. Lainga Polityka doświadczenia. Zarówno Ballard, jak i Laing starają się wytłumaczyć niezrozumiałe z pozoru ludzkie odruchy, odwołując się do przeszłości ewolucyjnej rasy ludzkiej, fizycznego i społecznego środowiska, które już nie istnieje, ale które – ich zdaniem – wciąż nosimy w pamięci genetycznej.

The purpose of this paper is to contextualize and analyze the lyrics of Tupac Shakur by using the research methodological approach of concatenation to merge hip-hop and sport so that the qualitative data from these songs might serve as a cultural map to constructs of identity, race, social class, and black masculinity in the context of sport and the black male athlete experience in America. Applying critical race theory and White’s framework of black masculinity and the politics of racial performance, a connection is made with themes of the artists’ (rapper) social commentary and the athlete (baller). The themes from Tupac Shakur’s lyrics are follows: (a) Trapped, (b) Against the World, (c) The Streetz R Death, and (d) Ambitionz. Synergy with the rapper and baller are articulated, as well as implications for scholars and practitioners that work with high school, collegiate, and professional black male athletes, along with other men of color.

The latest findings of scientists and literature, pay attention to the important role of fascia in the human body. The fascia is supplied with blood, innervated a n d b e c a u s e o f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s construction, also very plastic. During d i a g n o s i s o f d y s f u n c t i o n o f m u s c u l o s k e l e t a l s y s t e m , it is important to look at the patient in a holistic way. In practice the fascial dysfunction is far away from the place of issue and is crucial to the impaired function. This thesis is a response for patients and therapists, who have problem with the scope of the traffic and local acting method of relaxing tight muscles does not bring the desired effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of a single therapy fascial method (TASK) to increase the range of motion of flexion during forward bend. The aim of researchers was to carry out the theraphy of the part of superficial back line - sacrolumbar fascia of erector spinae. Before and after therapy has been measured to lumbar flexion range of motion, bend the total spine and Thomayers test. A group of test subjects were 30 students of physiotherapy (18 women and 12 men) from the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk. Improving the range of motion was reported in the whole group of patients.The latest findings of scientists and literature, pay attention to the important role of fascia in the human body. The fascia is supplied with blood, innervated a n d b e c a u s e o f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s construction, also very plastic. During d i a g n o s i s o f d y s f u n c t i o n o f m u s c u l o s k e l e t a l s y s t e m , it is important to look at the patient in a holistic way. In practice the fascial dysfunction is far away from the place of issue and is crucial to the impaired function. This thesis is a response for patients and therapists, who have problem with the scope of the traffic and local acting method of relaxing tight muscles does not bring the desired effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of a single therapy fascial method (TASK) to increase the range of motion of flexion during forward bend. The aim of researchers was to carry out the theraphy of the part of superficial back line - sacrolumbar fascia of erector spinae. Before and after therapy has been measured to lumbar flexion range of motion, bend the total spine and Thomayers test. A group of test subjects were 30 students of physiotherapy (18 women and 12 men) from the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk. Improving the range of motion was reported in the whole group of patients.

Kibria, N.; Bowman, C., and O’Leary, M. (2014). Race and Immigration. Cambridge: Polity Press. 297 pages. (ISBN: 9780745647913)Vollmer, B. A. (2014) Policy Discourses on Irregular Migration in Germany and the United Kingdom. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 297 pages. (ISBN: 9781137307552)Biradavolu, M. R. (2008) Indian Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, the Making of a Transnational Techno-Capitalist Class. Cambria Press, 237p. (ISBN: 9781604795277)Sirkeci, I., Elcin, D., Seker, G. (ed.) (2015) Politics and Law in Turkish Migration. London, UK: Transnational Press London, 190p. (ISBN: 978-1-910781-00-5)Hackett, S. (2013) Foreigners, Minorities and Integration: The Muslim Immigrant Experience in Britain and Germany. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 277 pages. (ISBN – 978-0-7190-8317-4)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model tes fisik pencarian bakat cabang olahraga bulutangkis usia di bawah 11 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian R and D (Research and Development). Dalam penelitian pengembangan ini, langkah-langkah yang harus ditempuh meliputi: (1) studi pendahuluan (studi pustaka dan studi lapangan), (2) perencanaan (melakukan analisis), (3) desain draft awal, (4) validasi draft (5) ujcoba produk kelompok kecil dan revisi, (6) uji coba kelompok besar dan revisi, (7) hasil akhir. Validitas menggunakan validitas isi, reliabilitas menggunakan test retest Conbrach’s Alpha dan Z skor untuk menyamakan satuan. Uji reliabilitas diperoleh hasil (a) tes kelentukan (sit and reach) 0,743; (b) tes kecepatan (lari 30 m) 0,844; (c) tes power otot tungkai (vertical jump) 0,663; (d) tes kelincahan (lari 4 sudut) 0,848; (e) tes power otot lengan (lempar bola) 0,943; (f) tes reaksi (step test) 0,987; (g) tes daya tahan (lari 600 m) 0,861. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa sebuah model tes dan norma tes untuk pencarian bakat. A MODEL OF PHYSICAL TEST FOR TALENT SCOUTING IN BADMINTON SKILL UNDER 11 YEARS OLD IN DIY Abstract The purpose of the research it to develop a model of physical test in looking for a sport talent in badminton skill under 11 years old. The type of this research is R and D (Research and Development) in this development research, the steps are (1) introduction study (bibiliography study, and field study), (2) planning (doing analysis), (3)introduction draft design, (4) validation draft, (5) trying out product in small group and revision, (6) trying out product in big group and revision, (7) final result. Validation used content validation, reliability used test retest and Z score to the same the unit. The model of the test that has been arranged is suitable to be to look for talent in badminton skill. Reability test shows that: (a) sit and reach 0.743; (b) sprint 30 m 0.844; (c) vertical jump 0.663; (d) run 4 corner 0.848; (e) throw ball 0.943; (f) steps test 0.987; and (g) endurance 0.861. Validity test shows that: (a) sit and reach 0.601; (b) sprint 30 m 0.731; (c) vertical jump 0.496; (d) run 4 corner 0.741; (e) throw ball 0.894; (f) steps test 0.975; and (g) endurance 0.756. Key words: development, model of test, looking talent, badminton

Purpose:To examine physiological responses to submaximal feld running with changes of direction (COD), and to compare two approaches to assess running economy (RE) with COD, ie, during square-wave (SW) and incremental (INC) exercises.Methods:Ten male team-sport athletes performed, in straight-line or over 20 m shuttles, one maximal INC and four submaximal SW (45, 60, 75 and 90% of the velocity associated with maximal pulmonary O2 uptake [vVO2pmax]). Pulmonary (VO2p) and gastrocnemius (VO2m) O2 uptake were computed for all tests. For both running mode, RE was estimated as the O2 cost per kilogram of bodyweight, per meter of running during all SW and INC.Results:Compared with straight-line runs, shuttle runs were associated with higher VO2p (eg, 33 ± 6 vs 37 ± 5 mL O2·min–1·kg–1 at 60%, P < .01) and VO2m (eg, 1.1 ± 0.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.8 mL O2·min–1·100 g–1 at 60%, P = .18, Cohen’s d = 0.32). With COD, RE was impaired during SW (0.26 ± 0.02 vs 0.24 ± 0.03 mL O2·kg–1·m–1, P < .01) and INC (0.23 ± 0.04 vs 0.16 ± 0.03 mL O2·kg–1·m–1, P < .001). For both SW and INC tests, the changes in RE with COD were related to height (eg, r = .56 [90%CL, 0.01;0.85] for SW) and weekly training/competitive volume (eg, r = –0.58 [–0.86;–0.04] for SW). For both running modes, RE calculated from INC was better than that from SW (both P < .001).Conclusion:Although RE is impaired during feld running with COD, team-sport players of shorter stature and/or presenting greater training/competitive volumes may present a lower RE deterioration with COD. Present results do not support the use of INC to assess RE in the feld, irrespective of running mode.

Background:Physical activity has a positive impact on health, but adolescent athletes often report musculoskeletal pain (MP) which is negative in the aspect of sustaining physical activity over time. There is a lack of longitudinal assessments of MP and potential risk factors, such as timing of physical maturation, in adolescent athletes.Objectives:To identify risk factors associated with the persistence or development of frequent MP at a 2-year follow-up in adolescent sport school students.Methods:Fourteen-year-old sport school students (n=233) were invited to participate in this 2-year longitudinal study. Self-reports of MP was assessed as frequency, distribution, and intensity, and health status by EQ-5D. Physical maturation was calculated by the Mirwald equation (height, weight, and sitting height) (1), and categorized as early (>1 year), average (±1 year), or late (<–1 year). Students were grouped at baseline and follow-up into infrequent (never to monthly) or frequent (weekly to daily) MP groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to study associations between frequent MP at follow-up and baseline variables.Results:131 students (79 boys and 52 girls) were included in the study. Development or persistence of frequent MP at follow-up (n=61) was associated with being a girl, late physical maturation (only boys were categorized as late), non-contact sports participation, frequent MP at baseline, and reporting ≥2 MP sites at baseline. Students with a better health status at baseline were less likely to belong to the frequent MP group at follow-up (Table).Conclusion:Frequent MP is common in sport school students. MP in young athletes may become a future health problem and there is a need for recognition and interventions by coaches and health services to prevent MP from becoming persistent.References:[1]Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements.Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(4), 689-694.Table.Associations between background variables at baseline and frequent MP at follow-up based on crude logistic regression analysis controlling each variable for sex.Baseline variablesModelInfrequent MP vs. Frequent MPOR(95% CI; p-value)SexBoys1.00Girls2.76(1.34–5.68; p<0.01)Physical maturationAverage (±1 year)1.00Early (>1 year)0.41(0.05–3.65; p=0.42)Late (<–1 year)3.83(1.13–12.95; p=0.03)Sport categoriesContact1.00Non-contact5.16(2.07–12.88; p<0.001)MP groupsInfrequent1.00Frequent2.74(1.31–5.72; p<0.01)MP intensity last week (NRS 0–10, best to worst)1.15(0.98–1.35; p=0.10)Number of MP sites01.0012.32(0.71–7.58; p=0.16)≥22.87(1.32–6.25; p<0.01)EQ-5D (0.00–1.00, worst to best)0.03(0.001–0.58; p=0.02)Disclosure of Interests:None declared