Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique budgétaire'
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Hory, Marie-Pierre. "Essais sur la politique budgétaire : Multiplicateurs et interactions budgétaires." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the determinants of fiscal policy efficiency and the way fiscal policy is implemented. The first chapter compares the fiscal multiplier in emerging market economies (EMEs) with the one in advanced economies(AEs): the fiscal multiplier is smaller in EMEs than in AEs. While the determinants of fiscal multipliers are similar in both groups, their weights differ across groups. To improve fiscal policy efficiency EMEs seem to need structural policies to better their institutional quality. Chapter 2 empirically and theoretically shows that the fiscal multiplier decreases with the share of firms’ indebtedness that is denominated in foreign currency. EMEs have large debt denominated in foreign currency. Fostering the use of local currency to finance activity, for example via quotas on foreign loans, shall allow EMEs to improve the efficiency of their fiscal policies. Chapter 3 shows that European governments mimic each other in the implementation of fiscal policy with one year delay. These interactions are due to yardstick competition.The electoral objectives of governments may reduce fiscal policy efficiency and the incentive of governments to fiscally cooperate. If we believe in fiscal cooperation as a force to enhance fiscal policy efficiency, more institutions should be set up to foster cooperation in Europe. Moreover, the delayed interactions found are consistent with a leader-follower process, and Chapter 4 shows that Germany is the leader: European countries follow Germany in the implementation of fiscal policy. Hence, the push for fiscal cooperation could come from Germany
Cavalier, Bruno. "Politique budgétaire et coordination des politiques de financement." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020045.
Full textAfter a survey of standard macroeconomic analyses of public debt (chapter 1) and government expenditures (chapter 2), part one deals with ricardian equivalence and endogenous growth models with public services. Part two studies government dynamic budget restraint. In chapter 3, rules of sustainability are derived, and then tested on quarterly data from 1960 to 1996, in the cases of usa, france, germany, united-kingdom and italy. Most of the results reject sustainability. In chapter 4, a model of public debt repudiation is analysed under rational expectations. Part three considers fiscal policy and monetary union in europe. In chapter 5, a model of total seigniorage is developped. In chapter 6, seigniorage collection and fiscal sustainability are analysed for a small country joining a monetary union. Chapter 7 considers fiscal rules in the treaty of maastricht
Bachellerie, Adeline. "Essai sur l'intégration régionale et la politique budgétaire." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010042.
Full textLarrain, Ríos Guillermo. "Taux de change réel, politique budgétaire et industrialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0120.
Full textThis thesies studies the properties of the non interventionist approach to development and the role of budget policies. Chile is a good case study. We broaden the industrialisation model by Murphy et al (1989) by opening the economy. Firms can finance the investment needed to change technology thanks to a real depreciation followed by an appreciation. This approach has limits. We consider the determinants of the real exchange rate beyond bydgetary policies. We focus hence on the role of public services and public investment. Industrialisation may appear in this non interventionist approach. Budget policy must be contractive initially, but expansionary afterwards. The obstacles to this approach suggest that industrialisation may be delayed relative to a well designed microeconomic policy
Ramajo, Ismaël. "Politique budgétaire et taux d’intérêt en croissance ralentie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD022.
Full textThis thesis questions both conventional macroeconomic theory and economic policy doctrines about their ability to inform and address fiscal policy issues since the 2008 crisis. The introductory chapter proposes a descriptive analysis. After a long period of increasing public debt, budgetary deficits plunge during the recession, but interest rates continue to fall except in a few countries, whose governments were facing serious fiscal troubles. Inflation stabilizes at a low level, but interest rates turn negative. Potential growth continue to slowdown and the hypothesis of secular stagnation becomes plausible. The second chapter discusses the role of rating agencies and their real or perceived power. Rating agencies have been accused of increasing default risk by degrading the rating of troubled countries, causing interest rate hikes. We conduct an empirical study on the recent budgetary crisis that affected the GIIPS (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) within the euro area. The causal relationships between the ratings of the three main agencies (Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch Ratings) and the five sovereign spreads are systematically tested. These tests suggest that it is rather the risk premium who causes a variation of the note, and not the opposite. The rating agency provides information that has already been anticipated by the financial markets. This result must be nuanced because a causal relationship of the warnings of degradation (outlook) is detected. The third chapter deals with the explanatory factors of real interest rates. The standard model (AS-AD) states that the equilibrium interest rate must increase following a fiscal expansion or as a result of a slowing of potential growth, regardless of the regime (classic, Keynesian or intermediate). Extensions of the model allow us to consider external influences, sovereign risk premiums, potential growth and expectations. This does not reverse the predictions of the model and the theory is reconciled with the facts only when the Keynesian hypothesis of propensity to consume is questioned. The introduction of intertemporal consumption behavior (permanent income) provides a plausible explanation for the combination of slow growth and low interest rates. We estimate an econometric relationship on annual data for a panel of 19 OECD countries. These tests confirm the influence of the factors suggested by the theoretical models, in particular the link between lowering interest rates and economic slowdown. The fourth chapter develops a reflection on the risk of sovereign default. Doubts about debt sustainability in some developed countries resurfaced after the 2008 crisis. Debt restructuring in the form of a conditional loan has emerged as a multilateral solution to fight the occurrence of defaults. Another way is to mutualize the debts of the governments of a same zone. We build a static model which can represent these three alternative notions (default, restructuring and mutualization). A situation is described in which two governments may decide to default or repay their debts. A calibrated numerical application on Greece’s default in 2012 allows us to categorize its defaults as strategic and to note that the restructuring has tipped its decision, making the repayment beneficial. The upstream existence of a Eurobond with a common interest rate of less than 3.5% would also have prevented the implementation of the Greek default and avoided an expensive debt restructuring
Dai, Meixing. "La politique budgétaire en économie ouverte : approches intertemporelles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC01.
Full textThis thesis proposes a synthesis and extensions of the intertemporal approaches of the budget policy in open economy. A significant characteristic of these approaches is that they explain the external position (balances of payments) of an economy in terms of optimal behaviors of the consumers subjected to intertemporal budgetary constraints and in terms of optimal intertemporal behaviors of the firms. The fiscal policy, defined mainly like a policy of public spending financed by a lump tax taken on the consumers, can have very different effects according to the approach, the structure and particular assumptions of each model
Siné, Alexandre. "L'ordre budgétaire : L'économie politique des dépenses de l'Etat." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0011.
Full textBrand, Thomas. "La contrainte budgétaire publique : quelles vitesses d'ajustement ?" Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910822.
Full textZumer, Frédéric. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et stabilisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0032.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to identify the conditions requisite for the successful operation and survival of a monetary union. The fiscal instrument being the only one available for the purpose of stabilization, it is fiscal conditions which we must consier. The theoretical foundations and the practical possibility of a shock-absorber mechanism are explored here, that is to say a fiscal transfer scheme between states in the framework of the emu in order that the member states should be able to cope with transitory, asymmetric shocks which represent the main therat to its existence. Econometrics of panel data makes possible the highilighting of the various characteristics of such a system of fiscal federalism and stabilization in existing monetary unions, like that of the USA thus we may examine the components necessary for the creation of a specifically European device of this kind and the fact that its necessity for a successful monetary union is not as yet proven. The implied assumption that such inter-regional stabilisers are still more powerful within unitary states does not appear empirically confirmed, however such a system would seem helpful in ensuring the stability of a monetary union in its initial period
Berland, Nicolas. "L'histoire du contrôle budgétaire en France : les fonctions du contrôle budgétaire, influences de l'idéologie, de l'environnement et du management stratégique." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090018.
Full textPouget, François. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et compétition fiscale : Éssais d'économie politique sur l'intégration européenne." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090001.
Full textOur purpose is to provide an original analysis of the process of international integration. Our contribution focuses mainly on European issues. We analyze in the first part the effect of “political” integration, defined here as the delegation of a set of public goods to a supranational level of government. We first consider the allocation of prerogatives between different levels of decision and broaden the scope of our analysis by introducing recent contributions of the new political economy literature. We then provide an analysis of the determinants of success of special interests in an international union. In the second part, we study the consequences of corporate tax competition. We develop a model in order to analyze the consequences of a race to the bottom mechanism on the allocation of public resources. We then extend the model in a general equilibrium framework. This allows us to analyze the relationship between tax policy and public capital stock
Ben, Amar Saad. "La Politique budgétaire face au développement économique et social du Maroc." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010015.
Full textBenharrats, Nadia. "Déficit budgétaire- déficit extérieur : le cas de la France." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100142.
Full textBelhadi, Slimane. "Le pacte européen de stabilité budgétaire." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020069.
Full textBamba, Moulaye. "Quatre essais sur la politique budgétaire et la gestion des dépenses publiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD001.
Full textThis thesis examines critical questions related to the interaction between fiscal policy, financing sources and public spending management. While the chapter 2 reviews the macroeconomic impacts of fiscal consolidations on developed and emerging countries, chapter 3 investigates the contributions of fiscal adjustments to efficiency gains. Chapter 4 assesses the efficiency of government investment in WAEMU countries and unveils the effects of the financing sources on public spending management. Finally, chapter 5 estimates fiscal multipliers for African countries using new structural macroeconomic models. These four chapters highlight interesting results. In chapter 2, the findings provide evidence of the contraction of public investment more than that of government consumption. This composition effect is stronger during high debt distress, low phase of business cycle and following debt and stock market crises. Chapter 3 shows that the implementation of fiscal consolidations induce significant improvement in public investment efficiency. Robust to a wide range of alternative specifications, huge public investment efficiency gains arise during economic slack, with a policy mix and high perceived sovereign default risk as well as with the support of IMF programs. Focusing on WAEMU countries, chapter 4 shows that countries in this zone are less efficient than that of African and Asian peer countries. In addition, the chapter finds that external (domestic) debt positively and significantly (not significant enough) impacts the probability to have good public management due to conditionality. This indicates that there is room for domestic and/or regional debt to boost efficiency if domestic debt become more competitive. Chapter 5 suggests that South Africa multipliers are positive and small using the New Keynesian DSGE model. The chapter also finds a crowding-out effect between government purchases and investment and private consumption
Béah, Dreh Yvette-Armelle. "Politique budgétaire en UEMOA : soutenabilité de la dette et perspectives de financement." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1001/document.
Full textIn view of the negative effects of the debt burden on the development of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries, we analyse the sustainability of Union’s fiscal policy in order to underline, beyond the IMF’s official methodology, alternative proposals, remedial or complementary to the goal of ensuring the long-term solvency of member countries and the financing of their budget deficits. The results of our debt sustainability analysis from 1975 to 2012 showed that WAEMU countries have very pronounced budget deficits, mainly due to their massive debt. They do not have sufficient resources to meet the debt's financial requirements
Ayadi, Ezer. "Politique budgétaire, ajustement et croissance économique : application au cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0040.
Full textDuring the 1980s and much of the 1990s, in Tunisia, discussions of fiscal policy focused mainly on high fiscal deficits and government debt as a source of inflatin and balance of payments problems, and on the contribution of fiscal adjustment to stabilization programs designed to address much problems. Attention was also paid to the way in wich well-designed tax systems and spending programs could foster sustainable longer-term growth. However, with the recent developments in endogenous growth theory, emphasis has shifted to the role expansionary fiscal policy can play in stimulating economic activity. This thesis reviews the theoretical and empirical Literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Also, in this thesis, an attempt was made to analyse the fiscal sustainability in Tunisia using the Intertemporel Budget Constraint approach. The results reveal that fiscal stance is unsustainable. Conclusions arising from this study point to a further strengthening of the fiscal position
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Hamam, Mehdi. "Approches théoriques du lien entre le déficit budgétaire et le déficit commercial : étude empirique dans le cas de la Tunisie et le Mexique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0044.
Full textThis thesis addresses issues related to the link between budget deficite and trade deficits in tunisia and mexico. This thesis finds that the tunisian and mexican data are partially consistent with the predictions of a neo-keynesian model of a small country with capital immobility and a fixed exchange rate. The tunisian budget deficit is partially linked to trade deficitin both the short and long run. Finally, the mexican budget surplus is partially linked to a trade deficit
N'Gouan, Konin Patrick. "Financement budgétaire et croissance économique en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010014.
Full textLlorca, Matthieu. "Necessité et efficacité de la politique budgétaire discretionnaire : analyses théoriques et études empiriques sur les relances budgétaires japonaise et américaine de la dernière decennie." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0047.
Full textThe discretionary fiscal policy has been subject to many theoretical and empirical controversies. On the one hand, its positive Keynesian effects on economic activity were seriously called in question during the 1960s and 1970s by the Monetarist theory and the New Classical School and more recently by the New Anti-Keynesian view of public finances. On the other hand, practical considerations such as general ageing of the population, growing integration of national economies into the globalization process and the establishment of the Stability and Growth Pact in the euro area, tend to restrict the scope of its application. However, in the light of the experiences of Japan and United States of America, it is shown here that the discretionary fiscal policy remains a necessary and effective tool of economic policy. Indeed, the in-depth study of these two significant experiences of expansive fiscal policies undertaken during the 1990s and at the outset of the 2000s indicate that, although it resulted in an increase of public debt, a discretionary fiscal policy is proved to be essential during phases of economic recession and stagnation and effective by boosting economic growth
Lafont-Debaere, Anne-Laurence. "Influence des investisseurs institutionnels sur la politique financière des entreprises françaises." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20173.
Full textSanogo, Tiangboho. "Politique budgétaire et développement inclusif : quelle contribution de la décentralisation en Côte d’Ivoire ?" Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD007/document.
Full textAn effective and efficient public-sector reform enhances government capability to raise domestic revenue for prioritized spending. It also contributes to strengthening the government capacity to manage public resources more effectively and deliver public services. In pursuing these objectives, fiscal decentralization, the devolution of taxing and spending powers to lower levels of government, has become a key public-sector reform in many countries. Given such high stakes, a growing economic literature is focusing on how to better understand the challenges developing countries face in implementing fiscal decentralization reforms. The present thesis adds to this effort through four contributions shedding light on specific issues related to fiscal decentralization.Chapter 1 analyses whether and how municipal revenue mobilization could enhance citizens’ access to public services and reduce poverty. The results indicate that increasing municipal-raised revenues improve access to public services and reduce poverty. This effect works mainly through enhancing access to education than on access to health, especially in less ethnically diverse localities and in urban zones. Chapter 2 investigates the effect of municipal revenue autonomy on inequalities within sub-national governments. We conclude that higher local revenue autonomy reduces income inequalities within localities, which effect differs between the type of revenue and jurisdiction considered. Chapter 3 analyzes the impact of the transfers from central government to municipalities on the revenue mobilization by municipalities. Our results show that increasing central transfers to subnational government boost revenue mobilization by municipalities for both tax revenue and non-tax revenue. The effect of transfers is found to be higher for tax revenue than for non-tax revenue. Finally, we examine whether the effect of government responsiveness on property tax compliance differs between central government and municipalities in chapter 4. The results conclude that responsiveness by municipalities is found to have a greater effect on property tax compliance than those by central governments. The results of our analysis bear important policy implications to strengthen public sector, especially in sub-Saharan Africa
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Chénard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques. Applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28464/28464.pdf.
Full textChenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23542.
Full textChenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : Applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010074.
Full textAhmad, Bashir. "Policy coordination, budget deficit and inflation in Pakistan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E036.
Full textThe central bank uses policy rates for reducing inflation. However, policy rates become less affective in comparison to bond’s rates when convertibility between bonds of different maturities decreases. This makes monetary policy ineffective if the government borrows heavily from the domestic market and an active fiscal policy, aiming to increase the economic activity, stimulates inflationary pressure. Throughout the history of Pakistan since its independence, fiscal dominance remained a norm, both in the democratic and military regimes. During the last three decades, the economy of Pakistan is faced with serious fiscal deficit tribulations. Increasing public debt stock and dilapidated tax-to-GDP ratio are grave hurdles in reducing the widening fiscal deficit. This persistence increase in the fiscal deficit has diluted the real sector performance and negatively affected the balance of payments position, causing inflation in the economy. Further, it makes government dependent on huge borrowing from internal and external sources and pushed it to increased debt servicing intricacy. Despite recurring efforts on part of government, no evident success is witnessed to reduce the ever increasing fiscal deficit. Large fiscal deficits have led the government of Pakistan to excessive borrowing from central bank of the country (SBP) and consequently to extensive printing of money.Though, SBP imposed an upper ceiling on government borrowing to reduce its public borrowing from central bank. However, the government never respected these ceilings and compromised the independence of central bank. This dependence on local money market for financing budget deficit increased money base, caused crowding out of private sector, resulted in high printing of money and reduced the monetary policy space to exterminate high inflation. Such a situation restricts the monetary policy to offset the distortions existing in the economy and to achieve its desired goals. Such scenario advocates a dire need of fiscal and monetary policy coordination to strike an appropriate balance between growth and inflation. In this context, our thesis focuses on fiscal dominance and the consequent high inflation level, which remained lofty for almost a decade. We conduct four studies, ranging from the identification of fiscal dominance in the economy of Pakistan to gauging the impact of fiscal policy on growth and inflation.The first study is related to literature on fiscal dominance theories, where fiscal policy acts actively and monetary policy follows passively. To establish that the decades long high inflation in Pakistan is solely because of fiscal dominance, a second study is conducted to analyze the interest rate pass through mechanism in Pakistan. In the third step, it uses corporate governance proxies, capital structure proxies and ownership structure proxies to investigate their links with bank’s performance. In our fourth study, we gauge the response of inflation and growth to changes in fiscal policy while taking into account deposit holders behavior and banking industry
Ly, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Trois essais sur les effets de la politique budgétaire dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606175.
Full textBui, Duy Tung. "Relation entre les marchés financiers et la politique budgétaire dans les économies émergentes asiatiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCG006.
Full textPro-cyclical fiscal policy has raised concern in many emerging economies due to its adverse consequences to the economic activities (GDP slowdown, unemployment). This thesis takes a different approach to the issue, which aims to examine the bidirectional relationships between fiscal policy and stock market activities in a panel of 22 emerging Asia-Pacific economies over the period 1990-2015. We estimate a variety of Panel Vector Autoregressive models. The empirical results show that fiscal policies in these countries tend to a pro-cyclical path in responding to stock market movements. The pro-cyclical behavior is found with both government expenditure and government revenue. On the other hand, a fiscal consolidation attempt has a rewarding effect on stock prices. This study also investigates the nonlinear effect of fiscal policy (measured by the total domestic public sector debt) on the level of financial development in the Asia-Pacific region. Government of countries emerging are caracterized by a less developed degee of financial institutions and are very present by intervening in the domestic debt market. This study shows that a better degree of financial institution helps to discipline governments. The results suggest a negative effect of domestic public sector debt on financial development, but only at low level of financial freedom and integration. Higher financial freedom and financial integration would reduce the crowding-out effect of domestic public debt
Varoudakis, Aristomène. "Régulation monétaire et politique budgétaire : une analyse des stratégies expérimentées aux Etats-Unis de 1980 à 1984." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10031.
Full textN'Toutoume-Emane, Vincent. "L'articulation entre la politique monétaire et la politique budgétaire dans les états membres de la banque des états d'Afrique Centrale." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010044.
Full textThe occurence, during the last decade, of high budgetary deficits in certain countries of the bcas has raised the problem of their financing. Traditionally, in manuals of macro-economy, the point of junction between budgetary policy and monetary policy lies in the ways of financing public deficits. This study aims, firstly, at evaluating the effect of various ways of financing the budgetary deficit on the process of monetary creation. Secondly, it endeavours to foresee the consequences of the budgetary deficit on the activity of the private sector. The analysis carried out shows that it is very difficult to ascertain with accuracy the incidence of the financing of the budgetary overdraft in the monetary creation and on the private sector's activities, because of the absence of a monetary and financial market and the low development of the credit market in the issuing zone of the b cas. On the other hand, the econometric analysis has enabled us to show the impact of the monetary and budgetary policies on the economical activity of the states of the bcas. Moreover, it has put in evidence the effect of crowding in of public expenses and the crowding out of imports by the increase of public expenses. Finally, it has enabled us to refute the agreement whereby private expenses are evicted by the increase of public expenses
Diallo, Oumar. "Trois essais sur la croissance, la pauvreté et les propriétés cycliques de la politique budgétaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116961.
Full textcauses de la faible croissance de l'Afrique en s'appuyant sur l'argument dit « des politiques ». C'est ainsi qu'il convoque la littérature
mettant l'accent sur le rôle de l'instabilité des politiques et utilise le modèle de l'économie dépendante comme fondement théorique.
Le chapitre explore les effets potentiels de l'instabilité des dépenses publiques et du taux de change réel sur la dynamique de
croissance ainsi que les canaux de transmission à travers lesquels ces effets prennent corps. Les résultats de l'analyse empirique
révèlent que l'instabilité des dépenses publiques exacerbe l'instabilité du taux de change réel, qui, en retour, exerce un effet négatif
tant sur l'investissement que sur la productivité globale des facteurs. Par ailleurs, l'analyse empirique indique, en partie, que
l'appréciation du taux de change réel contribue au déclin des secteurs à forte externalités positives, contribuant ainsi à des pertes
continues de productivité et à une croissance économique atone. Ces résultats impliquent que la stabilité des dépenses publiques et du
taux de change réel est cruciale pour la croissance économique à long-terme du continent.
Le second chapitre s'intéresse à la problématique politiques économiques et pauvreté et s'appuie, également, sur le modèle
de l'économie dépendante. Le chapitre part des dépenses publiques et, dans une large mesure, du taux de change réel et explore les
liens entre ces deux variables et la pauvreté. L'analyse empirique, reposant sur un échantillon de pays africains et non-africains,
montre que la dépréciation du taux de change réel favorise les pauvres, à condition que les inégalités de revenus ne soient pas criardes
et que les institutions fonctionnent adéquatement. Il découle de ces résultats empiriques que la dépréciation du taux de change réel
peut être un puissant outil au service de la réduction de la pauvreté si elle est complémentée par d'autres politiques. Ces politiques
comprennent entre autres : faciliter l'accès des pauvres aux facteurs de production et améliorer la qualité des institutions.
S'inscrivant dans la droite ligne de la littérature liant les choix de politiques aux régimes politiques, le troisième et dernier
chapitre porte un regard sur les implications du processus de démocratisation enclenché en Afrique sur les propriétés cycliques de la
politique budgétaire. La principale question à laquelle essaie de répondre ce chapitre est de savoir si les institutions démocratiques ont
facilité l'adoption de politiques budgétaires contra-cycliques sur le continent. L'analyse empirique y répond en montrant une
corrélation positive entre institutions démocratiques et politiques budgétaires contra-cycliques. De plus, et ce point est sans doute le
plus important, les institutions formelles ayant pour vocation de contrebalancer le poids de l'exécutif s'avèrent être le principal facteur
qui explique pourquoi les démocraties lissent mieux les cycles économiques que les autocraties.
Brodiak, Christine. "Ajustements conjoncturels des indicateurs budgétaires et traitement de l'inflation." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100247.
Full textGnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Essais sur la Politique Budgétaire dans les Pays de l'OCDE et les Pays en Développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025266.
Full textManga-Akoa, Armand. "Politique budgétaire et déséquilibres macroéconomiques : (le cas du Cameroun, de 1969/70 à 1997/98)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10209.
Full textTapsoba, Sampawende Jules-Armand. "Intégration monétaire africaine et changements structurels : commerce, partage des risques et coordination budgétaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_129.
Full textA single currency and a single central bank are official and political objectives of African states. During the last decade, several African regional economic communities have declared their intention to work towards regional monetary unions and regional currencies. In line with this new political interest, an important literature on the suitability of African monetary integration has also emerged. Most of analyses cast a doubt on the optimality of African monetary unions: in spite of potential benefits, the costs would be sizeable because of the magnitude of asymmetric shocks and the lack of stabilization mechanisms. Therefore, the real challenge is the analysis of policies that guarantee nets benefits of monetary integration to African countries. This is the problematic of the present thesis. The dissertation analyzes in which extent, African states involved in actual or prospective monetary integration could address the issues of asymmetric shocks and stabilization mechanism. In order to do so, we choose to focus on three structural changes in policies related to the adoption of monetary unions: trade, risk-sharing and fiscal policies. The thesis is organized as follows. The first chapter provides an overview on issues developed in the dissertation. It presents a panorama of past, actual and prospective African monetary integration. It also describes the situation of African states vis-à-vis the theory of optimal currency areas. The second chapter studies the impact of African trade intensification on the correlation of business cycles. The third chapter examines the African consumption smoothing channels that could work as stabilization mechanism in monetary unions. The fourth and last chapter investigates the consequences of multilateral fiscal rules in monetary unions on the stabilization properties of African fiscal policies. The results of various chapters suggest that the structural change considered in this thesis, do not overturn the negative assessment of African monetary integration established by the existing literature. The main policy implication of the dissertation suggests in Africa, that monetary integration and economic integration should be complementary. On the one hand the monetary integration stimulates process towards the economic integration (trade, finance and sectoral policies integration) and on the other, economic integration improves conditions for the adoption of monetary unions. African states must put efforts in all dimensions of integration
Zola, Bangani Jean. "Efficacité comparée de l'emprunt et de la création monétaire dans le financement du déficit public." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100208.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to assess the efficiency of money financed public deficit versus bond financed public deficit. Our approach is theoretical in that sense that we will only describe the analytical models of the last two decades. We will try to reassess these models in the light of the process of financial innovations which has become very important during the last years. Our research is based on two oppositions: in a first step, we will present the classical view versus the conventional wisdom and in a second level, the Keynesian approach versus the monetarist view. For new classical economists, all economic policy is impotent because of the rational expectations hypothesis. But this conclusion does not hold if we take account of the financial innovation process. This phenomenon introduces uncertainty in the models by the mean of the concepts of credibility and money variability. On the other hand, the integration of the financial innovations in a conventional model has for consequence the changes of some parameters and elasticity of the model. Here also, the result is a great uncertainty about the conclusions of the models
Dabale, Hassan. "Procédure budgétaire et gouvernance publique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12015/document.
Full textBudgetary procedures are defined by a set of rules and methods related to the adoption of a budget by a state, community or public institution. To the extentthat he public sector works for the public interest, the objective is to define the modes of operation of public sector budgetary procedures. In Chapter One, our aim is to revisit the major concepts that govern the public sector. Thus, we have taken up questions of public interest, public governance, and the introduction of accounting tools and their terms of performance. In chapter two, we studied in depth the concept of a budget. In this second chapter, our goal is to demonstrate the interest and limitations of a budget. We sought the conceptual basis and methodology of budgetary production. We have enriched our thinking through the study of select OECD countries. In chapter three, we have focused on Djibouti as a case study. Assisted by the study of the African Concerted Budget Reform Initiative, our objective is to make a comparative analysis by showcasing Djibouti to highlight institutional weaknesses in the budgetary process. In Chapter four, we propose a financial model. The LOLF inspires the methodological choice of this new budget process. It enables us to respond to issues of transparency, budgetary governance, and institutional deficiencies. We also completed our analysis by proposing the establishment of administrative, parliamentary, and judicial control
Moussana, Alkabous Ibrahim. "Les théories de la politique budgétaire : du régime de domination monétaire à la crise des dettes souveraines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE005.
Full textTo begin my thesis topic is the following: "the theory of fiscal policy: from the regime of monetary domination to the crisis of sovereign debt". The object of my thesis is to analyze the theoretical evolution of fiscal policy from 1980 to the crisis of sovereign debt. Therefore, I must analyze the status of fiscal policy within the framework of a regime of monetary dominance. Why is fiscal policy under monetary rule? Why is it considered as inefficient, neutral and unnecessary (Ricardian equivalence, permanent revenue theory, predatory effect, intertemporal incoherence)? What is the relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy under a regime of monetary domination (budgetary price theory and game theory)? Moreover, during the 2008 crisis, fiscal policy was mobilized, through the implementation of a recovery plan to avoid a collapse of advanced economies. Hence, is it a return to fiscal policy as the main instrument for regulating the economic situation (a regime of fiscal dominance), or an exception to the rule (is the new macroeconomic consensus challenged) ? Is this a questioning of the regime of monetary domination?
Madzous, Clarisse. "Liens entre le solde budgétaire et le solde courant aux Etats-Unis." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090061.
Full textBreuillé, Marie-Laure. "Le partage de la rigueur budgétaire : interactions stratégiques entre niveaux de gouvernement." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100177.
Full textThe convergence criteria (1993) and even more the Stability and Growth Pact (1997) have raised the issue of fiscal coordination between the central government and local governments within each Member State. An incentive problem stems from the fact that public deficit and debt ratios apply to the consolidated public sector budget whereas only the central government is held responsible for violations. To abide by European commitments, the central government should then design and implement fiscal coordination mechanisms, aiming at internalizing fiscal externalities and making the local fiscal policies compatible with national targets. This thesis investigates which mechanisms are suitable to ensure that fiscal decentralization is consistent with fiscal discipline. In the first two chapters, we use a non-trivial Principal-Multi-Agent model to characterize the optimal intergovernmental grant schedule, when the cost of local public goods depends on hidden characteristics and actions of local governments, and under household mobility. In the third chapter, we analyse the impact of both horizontal and vertical fiscal interactions on the softness of the local budget constraint. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of a local market of tradable deficit permits as a mechanism for the sharing of the budgetary austerity. We show how the manipulation of these instruments by local governments may alter their efficiency
Minkoueye, Mi Nkoghe Espérance. "Réforme budgétaire et modernisation de la gestion publique au Gabon." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD005.
Full textIn 2015, Gabon has adopted the first LOLFEB budget. This new organic law regarding the financials laws and the budget execution has been submitted as Gabon's new “Constitution financière”.Resulting from a long process, the organic law deal with two topics: on one hand, improve public expenditure by updating public management and on another hand, support the transparency by strengthening parliament's role in budgetary matters. The budgetary reform from the organic law is not a simple process and rules modernization. This reform modifies deeply the Gabonese financial right because this inasmuch as this law introduces a new result-oriented program budgeting system and modernized the classics mode of public management. This law helps parliament to follow up public action by defining clear objectives, quantified indicators, accurate and measurables. The new budgetary management frame is focused on results reaching instead of compliant rules and processes. However, many issues have been identified during its implementation, following that, the republic president during the ministery council decided on May 17th 2018 to set up the budgeting system three years after its implementation
Diop, Mamadou. "Politique budgétaire procyclique, stabilisation conjoncturelle et croissance économique dans la zone Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G023.
Full textDespite significant economic and financial programs undertaken in the late 80s and the adoption of the convergence Pact in 1999, the growth rate of Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa (EMUWA) countries remain below the minimum level of 7% required for the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This low growth rate now leads to questions about the effectiveness of economic policy and, in particular, on the role to be played by public authorities through fiscal policy. We analyze empirical data through, the procyclicality of fiscal policy in the EMUWA and we test the possible reversals related to the adoption of the convergence Pact. Then, in a second step, we estimate from a structural VAR model, the dynamic impact of fiscal shocks on fluctuations in the economic activity of the EMUWA countries and their transmission channels. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the approach used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to calculate the contributions of fiscal policy to economic growth; then, we propose an evaluation of the long-term effects of this policy model on growth, while showing the risks of cuts on public investment.The results of this thesis suggest the adoption of fiscal rules that take into account the economic situation of each country, the speed in government action to overcome the inertia of public finances and strengthening of productive public investments to better support economic growth
Minea, Alexandru. "Deficit, monnaie et croissance économique : élèments d'analyse théorique et d' évaluation empirique." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0509.
Full textPelleieux, Jacques. "Les fondements théoriques et les enjeux pratiques de la politique budgétaire en France durant la décennie quatre-vingt." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100117.
Full textAs the budgetary policy was characteristic of the economic policy, in France, during the decade 1980, the aim of this work was to study, in theory and practice, the reactions of the French authorities, illustrated by the budgetary policy, to the consequences of the crisis. First, they expected to limit the budgetary deficit to 3% of the GNP because the multiple crowding out effects cross the efficiency of an increase in public expenditures. Second, an other turning was effected in 1985 when the government wanted to diminish the tax bite of 1%. In terms of welfare economics, this wuestion show the requisite trade-off between efficiency and social justice. In fact, this strategy was to improve the structure of the economy and to phase out the existing wage, financial, fiscal and industrial controls, in other words to introduce a liberal regulation in a "keynésienne" economy, in so far as the social expenditures has raised. At the end of the 1980 years the French economy showed signs of recovery; but, these was compensed by the degradation of the conditions now prevailing in the country
Sawadogo, Elvis Flavien. "Les instruments de la convergence des politiques budgétaires dans la zone UEMOA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0021/document.
Full textLegal studies on African Public Finance rarely address fiscal policy issues. The economic nature of this subject isprobably the reason. Yet the creation of economic integration space between states sharing the same currency led the law,including community law, to take a firm hold on fiscal policy issues. Any fiscal laxity from a state has repercussions on theothers and the stability of the monetary Union. The strengthening of economic integration, in west Africa, with the WAEMUTreaty of 1994 has been accompanied by the setting up of a converging measures of budgetary policies of states members. This consists in monitoring, through a community institutional framework, compliance by states with some criteria, mainlybudgetary. The convergence of budgetary policies thus refers to common budgetary discipline to be observed by the statesmembers of the WAEMU area. The establishment of such measures necessarily ends at the normative level by thetransformation of public finance law of states. The compliance with community budget discipline goes through self-discipline that states must self-impose in the management of their public finances. This new community power has an effect on national finance through their content, their public policy choices and management techniques. The aim of this study is to take an interest in one of the determining transformations factors of national public finance management systems in the states members of the WAEMU area
Razanamahenina, Jean Ulrich. "Décentralisation budgétaire et croissance économique : approche théorique et application à des pays de l'OCDE." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G035.
Full textThis thesis deals with the effects of fiscal decentralization on economic growth. The usual literature on decentralization mainly focuses on microeconomic approaches. Our work explores the first and the second generation theories of fiscal federalism and shows how it can be enhanced by the consideration of legal and constitutional political economy aspects. From a theoretical point of view, the relationship between fiscal decentralization and growth is analyzed in a context of endogenous growth and of an overlapping-generations model. We show how the various institutional forms contribute to economic growth. However, even though the idea of a positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth seems widespread, currently this beneficial effect through several transmission channels) is challenged. In addition, recent empirical analyses provide ambiguous results. To clarify them, we assess through a panel of 25 OECD countries (from 1970 to 2009) the fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth and identify local convergence phenomena. Using a threshold regression analysis, four transition variables are identified : technical progress as well as three decentralization ratios. Depending to the value of these thresholds, several convergence clubs are highlighted. Thus, estimated coefficients of fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth are different from one club to another. Therefore, these results can explain why opposite conclusions are present in the empirical literature : the fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth can be positive, negative or non significant. More generally, we conclude to the existence of multiple equilibria in the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth
Petraq, Milo. "Déficits budgétaires, mode de financement et effets macro-économiques dans les économies post socialistes : l’expérience de l’Albanie, de la Bulgarie et de la Roumanie." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10207.
Full textThe thesis analyses the impact on economic performance of the budget deficits and their financing in the post socialist economies. The experience of Albania, Bulgaria and Romania are analysed. Following the difference in the post socialist economies between two periods, the central one and the transition toward the market economy the specificity of this study consists to lead in the impact of budget deficits in those different environments, the demand and the supply effects, the monetary impact and inflation constitute the articulation of each part of the present research
Gabsi, Foued. "Les politiques de la gestion de la demande globale en Tunisie : analyses rétrospective et prospective." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0001.
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