Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique de libre-échange'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Politique de libre-échange.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lee, Hye Min. "Politique économique des accords de libre-échange de la Corée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010014.
Full textSince the launch of the World Trade Organization in 1995, the number of bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements has rapidly increased. The sudden proliferation of FTAs can be mainly attributed to three factors; the Success of regional economic integrations such as the European Union and NAFTA; the uncertainty of the Doha Round and other difficulties in advancing further trade liberalization at the multilateral level; pressure from locally based businesses that fear being shut out of export markets by a growing number of FTAs. The Korean government worked to catch up in the global FTA race by formulating a FTA roadmap in 2003 and embarked upon FTA negotiations with major trading partners. The key objective of Korea’s FTA policy is to increase global market access and to provide Korean exporters with a competitive edge as well as to promote foreign investment. The more important goal is to enhance the efficiency of the Korean economy by strengthening transparency and predictability of Korea's regulatory regime. Both the Korea-EU FTA and teh Korea-US FTA are a comprehensive and high-level FTA and are expected to bring real economic benefits and offr enormous opportunities to the Korean economy as well as to the development of teh bilateral economc relations of Korea-EU and Korea-US. As the two agreements complement each other, it was beneficial for the Korean government to pursue the important agreements almost the same time. The auto issue was the most difficult to negociate both for the Korea-US FTA and the Korea-EU FTA. In spite of the different approach of listing the liberalized measures and sectors of the cross border services, the level of commitments of Korea in the Korea-EU FTA is basically the same as that of the Korea-US FTA. The Korea-EU FTA produced almost same but simplified language of the Korea-US FTA on the Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korea Peninsulea but deleted rather political expressions like the denuclearization of the Korea Peninsula and impact on intra-Korean relations
Peytral, Pierre Olivier. "Entre libre-échange et protection : la politique commerciale d'ouverture sélective : une interprétation en termes d'économie politique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENE011.
Full textThe dichotomy “free trade versus protection” structures the analysis of trade policy in the textbooks of international trade. By analyzing the respective impacts of free trade and protection policies on resources allocation and well-being, the standard models, first and foremost the HOS model, conclude on the Pareto optimality of free trade. The normative requirement is then that all countries should pursue a policy of free exchange to get the prices right. However, empirical studies highlight the shift of the normative prescription: trade policies practiced include, in varying proportions between countries, between industries and between goods, measures aimed, simultaneously and selectively, export promotion, import substitution and the creation of easier access to imports. Therefore, policies followed are neither free trade nor strictly protectionist, but mixed a priori. This observation led to the development of models analyzing the effects on the general equilibrium of the application of various instruments of trade policy, and specifying the various potential forms of this policy. In particular, it is explained that the mixed trade policy is a true policy alternative. Selective interventions are then justified by the presence of dynamic comparative advantages that determine and guide interventions towards specific industries oriented towards the domestic market and / or the international one. But the theoretical basis enjoyed by mixed trade policy does not help to understand the political process through which this policy is chosen. It does not open the black box to penetrate the nucleus of political choices. This is what political economy can achieve. The theoretical explanation of the object "mixed trade policy" is at the crossroads of two approaches constituting the political economy of protection: society-centered approach and State-centered approach. While the first approach explains that politics is shaped by the interests and preferences of the most powerful private actors (or groups of) present on the national territory, the latter considers that the policy is a function of political institutions and political actors who seek to satisfy their interest and preference given national and international constraints they face. The mixed trade policy can be analyzed from different perspectives as endogenous determinants that intends to promote. Ultimately, the mixed trade policy is a political and institutional compromise between actors with heterogeneous preferences, which is partially undermined by international political constraints and ideational influences. The institutional and political compromise result from the division of the government induced by an unequal distribution of power of decision (based on political institutions) between veto players (composite actor having a veto in the process of political decision-making), and the heterogeneity of their preferences. The policy chosen, and associated institutions, must satisfy the interest of each veto player, implying compensatory measures and taking into account the institutional legacy. Not without resistance, the flexibility with which mixed trade policy can be used is reduced by the international political constraints and / or, upstream, the internal political balance in the structure of domestic preferences changed by them and by the international ideational influences
Doire, Marie-France. "Démocratisation et libre-échange : le rôle des institutions politiques du Mexique dans le choix de la politique commerciale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33023.
Full textLeblond, Christian. "L'accord de libre-échange Nord Américain et l'identité culturelle américaine : discours économique et politique." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2028.
Full textFerrand, Julie. "Droit naturel, sensualisme et libre-échange : l'économie politique de Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1709-1785)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010026/document.
Full textThe place assigned to Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1709-1785) in contemporary historiography is ambiguous. He is portrayed as a main influence of the French Revolution then as a precursor to the communist doctrine. Recently, the Cambridge School works' and in particular Pocock's works led to a consensus: Mably was the archetype of classical republicanism in France in 18th century. The aim of this thesis is to examine the membership of Mably in this republican tradition taking into account two fundamental elements of his thought: i) his connection with Vincent de Gournay and the "science of commerce"; ii) the influences of modern natural law and in particular that of John Locke. This leads to reassess the controversy between Mably and Physiocrats. He seems close to accepting the Physiocratie argument for a society based on self-interest and individual calculation. But only a republican solution, the participation in the collective life of every citizen, is able to secure the theory, called liberal, of natural law. His opposition to the liberalization of grain tracte results from a defense of the "science of commerce" i.e. a framed free trade. Thus, paying particular attention to Mably's intellectual influences particularly those of Locke and Gournay, this thesis highlights a new interpretative grid, a rniddle position, in which the republican language of Mably secures his theory of natural law
Gutiérrez-Haces, Teresa. "La continentalisation du Mexique et du Canada dans l'Amérique du Nord : libre-échange et intégration." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030025.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to establish an analytic comparison at a trilateral level, about the economic and political nature of the relations between Mexico and Canada vis á vis their neighbour: the United States. The characteristics and specificity of this relation gave place to the formulation of the concept of Continentalization, which can be defined as a growing process of economic integration by which the USA became a unique geoeconomical attraction pole in North America. In this perspective, we can affirm that the negotiation and signing of NAFTA represents the consolidation of the Continentalization process in the North America region. The analysis of the economic international policy, leaded by Mexico and Canada, represents the cornerstone of the Continentalization mechanisms. For this reason, this work is focused on the analysis of the government's strategies, which are aimed at reducing excessive bilateralism and dependency from the USA
Lagadec, Gaël. "Des intégrations régionales au libre échange généralisé : les enseignements d'un nouveau modèle de protection endogène." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12014.
Full textChaour, Chérifa. "Le libre-échange dans l'agriculture : entre le mythe et la pratique : ou l'Uruguay round, de la norme libre échangiste à la réalité interventionniste." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100103.
Full textEl, Araj Rita. "Libéralisation des échanges et politique de change : le cas du Liban." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0009.
Full textThe movement of trade liberalization initiated since the nineties raises various controversies regarding the conduct of exchange rate policy in developing countries. The exchange rate policy as an effective instrument of macroeconomic policy depends on the specific situation of each country. The exchange rate crisis during the nineties show how difficult it becomes to maintain exchange rate stability in a liberalized world and accomplish the objectives of sustained growth in medium and long term. The new approaches of “Equilibrium Exchange Rate” suggest that the effectiveness of the exchange rate depends on knowledge of its equilibrium level function of fundamental macroeconomic variables, and that the real exchange rate must converge towards this equilibrium rate. We refer in our study to the works of Edwards and Elbadawi relative to this concept. The issue of an appropriate exchange rate policy, for Lebanon, which reinforces the liberalization of its trade, is the objective of our study. The fixed exchange rate regime in Lebanon, since 1992, provides stability, but the fixity of nominal exchange rate limits adjustment of the real exchange rate and may cause misalignments. Misalignments may result from macroeconomic policies applied in the country and which are inappropriate with the nominal exchange rate or the exchange rate policy adopted
Fortin, Jean-François. "L'État, les groupes d'intérêt et l'usage d'ententes de libre-échange dans la politique commerciale des États-Unis, 1980-1994." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51254.pdf.
Full textPlourde, Élaine. "Déterminants de la réorientation de la politique commerciale canadienne vers le libre-échange avec les États-Unis, 1984-88." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0009/MQ41990.pdf.
Full textAnnabi, Nabil. "Libéralisation commerciale en Tunisie : une analyse à l'aide de modèle d'équilibre général calculable dynamique." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010048.
Full textCharles, Loïc. "La liberté du commerce des grains et l'économie politique française (1750-1770)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010063.
Full textHibou, Béatrice. "Économie politique de la protection en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0025.
Full textThe thesis gives a meaning of commercial policy in sub-saharan africa with a political economy approach inspired from max weber' metholdological works. The extent of the shift between theoretical perceptions and complex realities has been reveald by the simultaneity of studies and fields works on the one hand and by the analysis of the discursze of the international organisations on the other hand. This shift urge for a new meaning of the commercial protection by using the concept iof its "formation" (opposed at its "building") by all the actors : the commercial policies can nowadagys be caracterised by the subtle, changing and ambigous game between protection and lack of protection where relations of power take an important role. The coherencs of these policies lie in non economic fields and particularly in the political one. Because the reforms and their implementations don't reach the political and historical bases of these practices, the adjustement programs failed in inducing a rupture
Villalpando, Cadena Paula. "La politique extérieure mexicaine et son intégration régionale : des maquiladoras à l'Alena." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010334.
Full textMahfoudh, Naoufel. "La création de la zone de libre échange Tunisie-Union européenne et ses effets sur l'emploi en Tunisie : analyse théorique et analyse empirique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0003.
Full textOur research in this thesis focused on the effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area EU-Tunisia on employment in Tunisia. We have structured our analysis on the subject around two axes. Initially, we studied the impact of trade liberalization process on the Tunisian economy, and in a second step, we studied the impact of the creation of free trade zone with the European Union on employment in Tunisia. Our research presented and discussed the theoretical and empirical literature and stylized facts on the subject. In our study we used three methodological tools. First, we studied for the case of Tunisia the effects of trade openness on economic growth. Next, we studied the effects of trade on employment in Tunisia using two methods: one method first employment content of trade and a second that uses econometric tools. Finally, we applied a computable general equilibrium model to assess the dynamic impact of free trade agreement between Tunisia and the European Union on employment in Tunisia. The main results can be summarized as follows : - Trade openness especially with the European Union has contributed positively to economic growth in Tunisia. - The Association Agreement seems to have a positive impact although moderate on employment and growth in Tunisia. - The choice of the tax reform accompanying the opening has significant effects on employment and growth. - The choice of direct taxation yields better results in terms of investment, economic growth and employment. - The effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area depends on the weight of intermediate inputs in total Tunisian imports. The tariff reduction will decrease the relatively high prices of these goods, which in turn encourages investment. The reduction of protection is equivalent to an investment promotion and production, leading to lower unemployment
Emlinger, Charlotte. "Accords euroméditerranéens et libéralisation des échanges agricoles : quel accès au marché européen pour les fruits et légumes des pays méditérranéens?" Montpellier SupAgro, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSAM0010.
Full textThe liberalization of agricultural trade between the European Union and the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMCs) was boosted following the Summit of Barcelona in 2005. Fruit and vegetables, the main agricultural export of the SEMCs, are at the center of debates relative to this liberalization. This thesis aims at clarifying this debate and discussing the potential impact of a reduction of European tariffs on fruit and vegetables coming from the SEMCs. European market Access is analyzed by thoroughly assessing preferences and by estimating a gravity model, leading to three conclusions. First, we show that liberalizing fruit and vegetable exchanges will probably have a limited effect. Indeed, the SEMCs already profit from strong preferential access to the Community market for these products and important non-tariff trade costs at entry of European countries were revealed. Second, we demonstrate that there exists a strong heterogeneity of the SEMCs concerning the impacts of liberalization. Lastly, our analysis brings to light that the effects of liberalization strongly depend on how the opening of the European market is implemented. For example, increasing quotas would not have the same impact on exchanges as modifying the Entry Price System
Jouili, Mustapha. "Ajustement structurel, mondialisation et agriculture familiale en Tunisie." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10021.
Full textThe agrarian question is nowadays at the heart of destructive effects of the neoliberal globalization. Imposed in extreme inequality condition, free-trade policies overwhelm millions of peasants in the South. The GATT and WTO agricultural agreement is shaped to serve the main objective of opening South markets for North agricultural surplus. This agreement exposes South peasants to the competition with highly productive producer, while the logic of globalized accumulation deprives them of any possibility of catch-up. In Tunisia, the adoption of a neoliberal agricultural policy, since the application of SAP, is the cause of structural alteration of peasant and family farmers production and reproduction conditions: unfavorable price evolution, exclusion from finance system, restricted access to land, inefficiency of services…. The ultimate consequence is a tendency towards the deterioration of peasants' real income. However, heterogeneity of real production conditions is the foundation of an emphasis of socio-economic differentiation among farmers. With the signing of WTO agreements and the free-trade agreement with the EU, it has become more and more difficult for peasant to survive. Moreover, the mechanisms which allowed them to survive have reached their limits. The new orientations have only increased the socio-economic disparities in the rural world. Small peasants are more and more marginalized and condemned to exodus without assuring employment possibilities. More than small peasants' proletarization, it is the ruin of rural regions. Poverty, unemployment and food dependency are the main consequences
Haouas, Ilham. "L' impact de la libéralisation des échanges sur le marché du travail tunisien." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010037.
Full textAlcantara, Dominguez Marlène. "Le processus de prise de décision : le cas du Mexique contemporain." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010293.
Full textIbarra-Puig, Vidal Isaac. "Trade liberalization and foreign direct investment : the case of Mexico." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0046.
Full textThe liberalization of the Mexican economy came about along three lines. First through Mexico’s inclusion in the GATT in 1986. The second line of trade liberalization was entry to a number of regional trade organizations. The third line of trade liberalization was the beginning of negotiations to for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which includes Canada, the United States and Mexico. Nafta came into force in 1994 and was the first in a series of bilateral agreements. The achievements of the liberalization process are clear: controlled inflation; the public deficit has ceased to be a problem. But something is missing: GDP growth during the liberalization period has been lower than during the stabilizing development phase from 1958 to 1970. The successes of the liberalization processes in Chile, Brazil and South Korea show that they have been performed better than in mexico: one characteristic shared by these three countries in their trade liberalization process is the emphasis on better education and promoting research and development. The low productivity in Mexico, mainly when it is compared with other countries, is multi-causal. Low productivity influences in a low competitiveness, which is obtained so far in low wage costs in the Mexican economy. Mexican goods enjoy the absolute advantaje of distance as regards their main market, the USA; but mexican products see threatened this advantage by the countries with more human capital formation competitive advantage, including China. It is necessary to change the model of doing business in the Mexican economy
Kolozsi, Pál Péter. "Libéralisation commerciale et politique de change : possibilités et contraintes dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Hongrie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9je5hhe4q4.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas: the institutions matter concerning the success of economic policy during the trade liberalization process and monetary policy can be seen as a key factor from that point of view. The line of argument of the thesis is based on a theoretical model of trade balance, inflation and exchange rate. The model is applied to the case of Hungary and the Hungarian experiences back the main conclusions of the model: monetary and exchange rate policy is unsustainable if it is determined without taking into consideration the trade effects. The economic history of Hungary between 1989 and 2009 gives several examples for that unsustainability. Chapter 1 describes the development of institutionalism; chapter 2 demonstrates the importance of monetary policy as an institution from the point of view of trade liberalization describes the optimal monetary policy and explains why it is difficult to follow that policy. Chapter 3 presents the relationship between exchange rate policy and trade. Chapter 4 outlines the functioning of manipulative exchange rate policies. Chapter 5 presents the model deficit-inflation. Chapter 6 presents the Hungarian experiences and underlines that monetary policy focused only on disinflation has to fail and the independence of the central bank can even represent risks to the economies in transition
Santander, Sébastian. "Le nouveau régionalisme dans l'économie politique mondiale: le développement du MERCOSUR face à la stratégie interrégionale de l'Union européenne et à la Zone de libre-échange des Amériques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210768.
Full textDoctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vial, Claire. "Protection de l'environnement et libre circulation des marchandises." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10032.
Full textMihannī, ʿĀdil. "La politique méditerranéenne de l'Union européenne et ses effets sur les économies du Machrek." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0079.
Full textEl, Alami Marouan. "Les effets de l'ouverture de l'économie marocaine sur la compétitivité des entreprises : cas du secteur textile habillement et cuir." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32058.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to contribute to the estimation of the relative weight of the opening of the Moroccan economy weighing on the competitiveness of Textile Clothing and Leather firms. The empirical study was conducted in two phases: In a first step, companies forming our sample were classified according to their activity. In a second step, the impact of the opening of the Moroccan economy on the part of Morocco in supplies Textile Clothing and Leather European Union was apprehended by means of an econometric approach that mobilizes the panel data from a model that was originally used by Goldstein and Khan (1985). The estimate of changes in the competitive environment in both categories preformed corroborated the assumption that the resistances of Moroccan companies following the program’s policy upgrade. In reality, the situation is far from simple in Textile Clothing and Leather firms. First, the results of regressions were used to highlight the weight of globalization of the economy (the dismantling of the multi-fiber agreement, FTA: fiber trade agreement). Then it turned out that companies forced by intense competition react through various strategies for developing exports (creativity, responsiveness, valuing the bid, market diversification, building a commercial network International…), under the policy of upgrading. In general, the study reveals completeness of the impact of constraints on the opening of the Moroccan economy on the firms’ competitiveness
Milanova, Kréména. "Systèmes d'information sur les traités d'intégration économique : l'exemple de l'Alena." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10027.
Full textSchmitter, Catherine. "La préférence communautaire." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR30021.
Full textBellatreche, Youcef. "Le partenariat entre l'Algérie et l'Union européenne pour le développement : une transition difficile vers l'économie de marché." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083888.
Full textZamble, Carine. "Impact du changement de politique agricole dans la filière cacao en Côte d'Ivoire : analyse de son évolution." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26039.
Full textGiordano, Paolo Maria. "Economie politique de l'intégration régionale dans le Mercosur : nouveau régionalisme, intégration et négociations internationales." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0020.
Full textThève, Julien André Jean de. "Le partenariat euro-méditerranéen : des accords préférentiels à la politique de voisinage : le cas des relations union européenne/Tunisie." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0059.
Full textSouth Mediterranean countries are nearly all subscribing to a new perspective resulting from the Barcelona Agreements. The signature of a bilateral free trade zone agreement between the EU and each southern country resulted from this engagement. Those agreements are the logical outcome of a long partnership history that the GATT's statements and the OMC's birth have put in doubt. Their main goals were to set up over the time a break down of the rates followed by all southern countries. With its scheduled enlargement towards the PECO, the EU was inclined to propose a relevant policy in order to increase the Euro Mediterranean cooperation: a proximity policy. This thesis focuses on the Euro Tunisian relationships. Could it be considered as historical relationships? Or are we rather the witness of a situation that conducts to consider those relationships only through their commercial aspects and their struggles against common problems that occur on both sides of the European boarders? A synthesis of the econometrical models results is showing the impact on the macro economy view as well as on the sectorial side
Savard-Tremblay, Simon-Pierre. "L'industrie de la concurrence. Etude des mesures de la compétitivité des Etats." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH072/document.
Full textInspired by sociological analysis on the evaluation-construction dialectic of measurement tools, our thesis seeks to study the use of charts as disciplinary instruments of neoliberalism. Globalization has shown a important multiplication of measures, imposing permanent pressure on a multitude of entities that bear the burden of performance in the application of the conveyed standards. The World Economic Forum (WEF) and the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) produce annual reports on the competitiveness of States, putting them in competition in the conversion of their internal logic to the model built by the criteria taken into account in the construction of indicators. Competitiveness is a rather vague concept on the scientific level. First applied to companies to designate their ability to compete, it was then applied to the State universe. The competitiveness is twofold, designating both an internal project and the competition existing between the States to establish the said project. As a paradigm initially centered on the export, it is mainly connected today with attractiveness, assigning to the State a seduction mission destined to capital and investments at a time of hypermobility, where they are thus particularly difficult to capture. The competitiveness project can be considered as indirect interventionism, where each state must establish the optimal framework for the business. After theoretically defining the meaning of competitiveness as a political, social and economic project, our thesis deconstructs the criteria and methodologies of the major classifications responsible for measuring its implementation in each country. We thus aspire to shed light on an economic institution promoting a neoliberal vision of the world. Our thesis is part of the study of quantified translation of reality, questioning the alleged normative and scientific neutrality of the latter
Maldonado, Arzeta Narcedalia. "L'impact de l'ALENA sur l'agriculture et la situation alimentaire au Mexique : mondialisation, politiques publiques et insertion sur les marchés agricoles et agro-alimentaires internationaux : le cas de la filière des oléoprotéagineux." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030095.
Full textNAFTA partnership between the United States of America, Canada and Mexico marks a significant progress of “open realism” according to John Bailey, in relation to the multilateral trade agreements. NAFTA creates the regional commercial block most significant in the world, with a cumulated GDP of 8. 8 billions dollars and a trade volume of 486 billions dollars in 1997. This new situation has pushed the three economies and the three societies towards a commercial and social transformation of their relations, as well as important regional and global consequences. In the context of global integration and regional trade blocks, competitiveness becomes very important. Mexican policies have tried to adapt to the NAFTA rules by economic liberalization, ejido's privatisation and macro-economic stabilization. Consequences are not favourable for the Mexican agriculture and food state, notably for the basic food products (corn, rice, beans, and oilseeds). Exports of vegetables and fruits do not compensate the food imports (corn, soybean). Agricultural and food deficit, notably with the United State, is growing very fast as the food dependence of Mexico
Hernández-Ramírez, María Elena. "La "professionalisation" du journalisme au Mexique : le discours "modernisateur" de Carlos Salinas de Gortari sur les relations presse-gouvernement." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082681.
Full textThis research focuses on the speach of mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994) regarding the « modernization » of press-government relationships. It is stated that, within the contexte of the signature of the Northamerican Free Trade Agreement, Mexico intended to show to the international community that freedom of expression was a reality in the country, that there were independent media and that Mexico was on his way to democracy and to the “professionalization” of journalism (understood as the end of corruption between political power and the press)
Hude-Gauer, Caroline. "L'entrée de l'Autriche dans l'Union Européenne." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS003S.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the Austrian integration to the European Union. It includes an introduction on the historical role of Austria in Europe. Its first part describes the evolution of the ties between Austria and the European Community. The second part focuses on neutrality and analyses whether or not it is compatible with a membership to the European Union. The third part is related to negotiations on the accession of Austria to the European Union and their results. For obvious political, economical and cultural reasons, the Austrian application has been dealt within the shortest time. New applications from other countries of Europe may well have been added to the waiting list but it will probably take more time for these countries to join the EU than for EFYA countries for economic reasons because they have recently opted for democracy and the free market and are not yet prepared to join the European Union
Belazreg, Elhaouari. "Le commerce équitable pour un développement durable en Francophonie." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30052.
Full textIn developing countries millions of small producers, artisans and casual employees are in precarious situations. Alone and unorganized, they are helpless and dependent on prevailing local authorities, intermediate and fluctuations in commodity prices set in New York or London. The heightened global competition and the globalization of trade as it is implemented leave no leeway for these small structures. These developments, combined with internal difficulties further exacerbate inequalities and highlight insecurity and poverty in which s' sink more these small producers craftsman and employees because they do not have the means and their structures to develop strategies for medium and long term, including the diversification of production, investment and improved production techniques.In this research we try to show that the contribution of fair trade to sustainable development Francophonie is considerable. A central problem can be defined as follows: What are the ways of development of fair trade and how it enables sustainable development Francophonie?This research may also help to better understand some logical decision-makers and actors in Francophonie interested in fair trade and sustainable development. Indeed the international trading environment is becoming increasingly complex with the fierce competition and liberalization exacerbated by globalization
Ba, Ibrahim Bocar. "Perspectives du Mali dans l'accord de partenariat économique Union Européenne-Afrique de l'Ouest." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ba_i.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine how, within the new context provided by the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), Mali can effectively build on the opportunities provided by the new agreements to attain a level of growth that would enable it to significantly reduce poverty. The thesis consists of three main parts: I – A review of theories on free-trade, with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages; II – Presentation of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and the state of play of the EPA negotiations; III –Practical application: Mali's prospects in the framework of the reforms aimed at adapting the fiscal system and the production apparatus to ensure the profitability of the EPAs. An Economic Partnership Agreement with a strong development dimension, bold reform of Mali's fiscal system and production apparatus, together with adequate financial backing can contribute to the attainment of that objective
Saoudi, Abdelkader. "Ouverture économique, accord de partenariat et industrialisation : le cas de la Tunisie." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0959.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the benefits of Tunisia's economic opening and the creation of a free trade zone with the EU on the development and industrialization of the country. This economic opening toward Europe could anchor policies, thus reducing the risk of reversing Tunisia's economic opening hence strengthening the credibility of structural and institutional reforms. This in turn makes the country more attractive to foreign capital. To achieve this, the government has put in place an "upgrading" program which includes a set of economic measures to enable the national production system to adapt to the new context. The most dynamic national sectors in industry are now facing tough competition in international markets. This is the case of the Clothing Textile Manufacturers following the abolition of the Multifiber Arrangement in 2005. The industrialization and development of the country depend on both endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors include the pace of institutional and structural reforms, the development of physical and social infrastructure, and good governance. Exogenous factors include efficient integration of the Tunisian national economy into the world economy through market penetration of promising economic sectors, sectors with high added value as well as sectors with high demand in international markets
Lajili, Oualid. "Libéralisation financière, ouverture politique et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2014.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between financial integration, political openness and growth in developing countries. In fact, political reforms and financial liberalization was the slogan of the international financial institutions which conditioned the granting of financial aid to the implementation of certain reforms in favor of democracy and more respect of human rights in addition to more financial integration. Our empirical investigation covers a sample of 108 developing countries between 1984 and 2008 and uses both static and dynamic panel data estimation in addition to the new causality test in heterogeneous panel. Our results show that financial liberalization positively impact growth directly and through indirect channel like Investment, trade and macroeconomic stability. It also favors financial development and promotes human capital. Even though, democracy doesn’t directly influence growth, it has an indirect positive effect on it through favoring international trade in addition to financial and human capital development. Otherwise, political instability negatively affects growth directly but also indirectly through decreasing investment and increasing inflation. Finally, our results suggest the existence of a bidirectional relationship between financial integration and democracy. In the other side, the relationship between financial integration and political stability is more specific and depend upon regionals characteristics of the country
Toudert, Djamel-Eddine. "La nouvelle dynamique des espaces agricoles irrigués en Basse Californie (Mexique) : relance et intégration dans le cadre de la nouvelle politique agricole, 1987-1998." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030114.
Full textCavalcanti, Teixeira Louisiana. "The Social Impacts of Trade Liberalization in Brazil : An Analysis of the Manaus Free Trade Zone and the Macroeconomic Reforms in the 1990s." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222019PSLED022%22.
Full textThis dissertation explores empirically the social impacts of the trade liberalization in Brazil. Firstly, we consider the liberalization policies of the 1990s and its impacts on income and on the multidimensional deprivation. Using the difference in differences method and a panel from 1987-1997, results suggests that trade liberalization has reduced income levels and deteriorated the household's non-monetary conditions in male-intensive formal sectors. It has also contributed to the labor informalization process already under way, favoring female labor's expansion. Subsequently, we treat the Manaus Free Trade Zone's case. Using the residuals and the stochastic frontier techniques, the analysis confirms that the MFTZ’s implementation collaborated to labor and social efficiency in the area due to the rigid checks conducted by SUFRAMA. Nevertheless, economic linkages in the region are still weak and positive spillovers from Manaus to its surroundings were probably inexistent
Tabarki, Badis. "Firm heterogeneity, country-level asymmetry and the structure of the gains from trade." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E022.
Full textThe main objective of this dissertation is to address three questions, which despite their theoretical appeal, received little attention in existing theoretical work in international trade, and are thus still open. The goal of this dissertation is thus threefold. The first consists in studying the welfare implications of standards liberalization under country-level asymmetry both in market size and stringency of local standards. The second is to examine both theoretically and empirically the income effect on trade margins and on the degree of their sensitivity to trade costs. The third objective is to concentrate on the firm-specific aspect of the demand elasticity beyond the CES, and to examine the role it plays in determining the magnitude and the structure of the gains from trade. Towards this goal, I embed alternative assumptions on both the demand and supply side in the canonical Melitz-Chaney model of international trade with heterogeneous firms (Melitz, 2003; Chaney, 2008). ln so doing, the current dissertation contributes to trade theory with heterogeneous firms along three lines. ln Chapter 1, I show that standards liberalization is welfare improving only when the cost hierarchy is "verti-zontal" and the trading partner is larger than the excluded country. ln Chapter 2, I show that the intensive margin of trade increases only with per-capita income in general equilibrium, and that per-capita income dampens the sensitivity of trade margins to trade costs. ln Chapter3, I demonstrate that demand curvature plays a crucial role in determining the structure and the magnitude of the gains from trade, whereas the type of preferences affects only marginally these results
Denizeau, Charlotte. "L'idée de puissance publique à l'épreuve de l'Union européenne." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020042.
Full textOrdonez, Sergio. "La contrainte externe dans le Mexique contemporain : l'industrialisation et le bloc historique." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080966.
Full textAs a result of this research it is proved that in any social formation an organic unity exists between industrialization and the historical block as well as the international integration of a national economy. To better understand this interdisciplinary matter it justifies a return to the historical block concept proposed by a. Gramsci. In mexico we have identified two organic unities existing within the aboved mentionned interdisciplinary matter : industrialization, historical block, in addition to the international integration of an economy. The first unity we have recognized contains three elements : cepalism, social corporatism and, as already stated, international integration which is based upon exportations of agro-mineral products with oil figuring since 1977 and upon the already existing external indebtedness. This first unity develops in to a crisis state form the end of 1960. This crisis forced the leadi ng mexican "political class" to research a new organic unity. The new unity also contains three elements : industrialization by decomposition and delocalisation of production process , corporatist auto-managed historical block, and international integration which includes industrial exportation, intern ational investment and external indebtedness. The national economy's insertion in a regional economical block (nafta) and the national state's partnership with the two other states of the partner's countries crystallizes mexico's newly integration in the international economy. Mexico, is neverthless, following the less inventif road form those that have already been recognized in the internation al economy. Therefore, mexico would do better by choosing another developmental road than the present one
Lajili, Oualid. "Libéralisation financière, ouverture politique et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2014/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between financial integration, political openness and growth in developing countries. In fact, political reforms and financial liberalization was the slogan of the international financial institutions which conditioned the granting of financial aid to the implementation of certain reforms in favor of democracy and more respect of human rights in addition to more financial integration. Our empirical investigation covers a sample of 108 developing countries between 1984 and 2008 and uses both static and dynamic panel data estimation in addition to the new causality test in heterogeneous panel. Our results show that financial liberalization positively impact growth directly and through indirect channel like Investment, trade and macroeconomic stability. It also favors financial development and promotes human capital. Even though, democracy doesn’t directly influence growth, it has an indirect positive effect on it through favoring international trade in addition to financial and human capital development. Otherwise, political instability negatively affects growth directly but also indirectly through decreasing investment and increasing inflation. Finally, our results suggest the existence of a bidirectional relationship between financial integration and democracy. In the other side, the relationship between financial integration and political stability is more specific and depend upon regionals characteristics of the country
Rodrigues, Sergio. "Le Portugal face à la construction européenne, 1960-1974 : l'amorce d'une conscience continentale." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010550.
Full textCantin, Marie-Hélène. "Entre droit et politique : le concept de délégation internationale et le règlement des différends commerciaux canado-américains en matière de droits antidumping et compensateurs sous le chapitre 19 de l'ALÉ et de l'ALÉNA." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24609.
Full textTrichereau, Romain. "Analyse du processus d'une prise de décision : Napoléon III et le traité de commerce franco-britannique de 1860." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0042.
Full textWhile the first aim of this thesis is to enrich the historiography regarding The Cobden–Chevalier Treaty of 1860, what makes it unique is the focus on political and economic conditions which led to such a decision from Napoleon III. Until now, this field of research has been quite neglected. However, there is a paradox between the fact that it was both a secret choice – at the time, it was even presented as a considered "coup d’état commercial" – and a largely public preceding argument. This approach seems crucial and provides a clear starting point for an examination of the history of this treaty. The question of the emperor’s choice is very important. This "coup de force" truly represents a bold economic choice and is the heaviest decision made by Napoleon III. That is why this thesis discusses the decision-making process of economic policies by looking at their implementation; from the first stages of the process: the intention of reform, how to do it, practicability and acceptability, to the proper decision-making and its justifications. While reiterating that there is obviously no economic history without political history, this research enlightens the grey area of convergence between the different points which led to the realisation of this bilateral agreement, before explaining and analysing all of its negotiations
Pradel, Nicolas. "La politique énergétique extérieure de l'Union Européenne et le droit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1074.
Full textSince 2006, the European Union’s external energy policy has been strengthening significantly. This ambitious EU policy is aimed at ensuring the security of energy supply in the EU and to contribute to more sustainable use of energy around the world. If political dialogue and economic aid are essential, the EU resorts principally to the law in order to liberalise energy markets of the third States in its periphery and to spread its vision of sustainable energy on the international stage. For which reasons does the EU use primarily the law in this policy? Is this instrument efficient? It is these two majors questions that this study addresses