Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique économique – Nouveaux pays industrialisés – 1990-'
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Marais, Elise. "Mécanismes de propagation des crises émergentes de la décennie 90." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24013.
Full textThis work aims at studying the propagation mechanisms of emerging crises during the nineties and at assessing the vulnerability of emerging countries to specific channel of conveyance. In chapter 1, the fundamentals-based contagion is studied. We highligh the influence of exogenous shock, flight-to-quality and common lender effect. On the even of the Asian crisis, Asian countries have the highest vulnerability to the common lender effect. The chapter 2 aims at studying pure contagion. Emerging countries are mainly victims of Cross Market Hedging and wake up call effect. Shift contagion is found on the sovereign debt market during the Asian crisis. In chapter 3, contagion is defined as nonlinearity in shock transmission. The assessment of channels of shock conveyance among Asian stock markets highlight the shift in links among markets during the Asian crisis
Gillespie, Mary. "Comparative economic analyses with respect to East Asia, perceptible and problematic NIEs versus full-fledged NIEs." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0023.
Full textThis study scrutinizes the significant domestic and international causatives which have influenced the phenomenal economic rise since the 1960s of some East Asian developing economies which have successfully reached the newly industrializing economy (NIE) stage of development. This study analyzes the characteristics of the different NIE stages referred to as problematic, perceptible and full-fledged NIEs as represented by the republic of Indonesia, the kingdom of Thailand and the republic of Korea. It delineates significant economic policies and sectors which elucidate the different stages of NIE development. It assesses the economic achievements or lack of achievements of the NIEs in East Asia from the mid-1970s up to the early 1990s. The attainment of different NIE stages as has been analyzed in this study with respect to the three countries has involved a comprehensive restructuring of their economic environment which has relied on variables including labor, capital, natural resource endowments, government structures, cultural lifestyles and traditions, and geographic location ; and has utilized various government-controlled policies such as monetary, fiscal, investment, industrial, agriculture, trade, exchange rate, and price. Further, this study identifies the results of the comparisons and analyses presented to key policy-makers of developing countries in an attempt to enhance their formulation of economic policies and development strategies with respect to selected sectors and the overall economy
Batina, Jean de Dieu. "Une nouvelle approche du développement économique des pays d'Afrique noire au regard du modèle des pays du sud-est asiatique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020035.
Full textMajoul, Amira. "Transmission du cycle économique des Etats Unis au reste du monde : le cas des pays émergents." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22002/document.
Full textThe issue of international transmission cycles has considerably received attention due to the increasing economic and financial globalization. Our thesis is in line with the literature dedicated to this question. More specifically, we focusour attention on the analysis of the transmission cycle of the United States to emerging countries. It consists of three chapters. The first one, based on a new econometric approach in terms of Global VAR model, aims to study the effect of shocks from the U.S. to emerging countries. The main resultconfirms the idea that the United States plays an important role in the transmission of economic cycles given their weight in the world economy. The second chapter proposes to study the financial transmission of the United States by focusing on the subprime crisis on these countries. The estimation of time varyingtransitionprobability (TVTP) Markov switchingmodel indicates that the persistence of financial stress, the tightening of the conditions of the credit and the increase of the risk of Banking solvency constitute the major determinants of the financial transmission. The US stock market volatility is the key factor transmission channel for all the studied countries. The third chapter is devoted to investigate whether emerging countries are able to adopt countercyclical fiscal policies to mitigate the impact from outside. Using the threshold model with smooth transition panel ( the PSTR model ), this chapter confirms that fiscal policy in emerging countries is procyclicalin the slowdown periodand also when public debt exceeds the critical threshold. Therefore, a strong fiscal position is fundamental to ensure macroeconomic stability
Cheng, Gong. "Foreign reserves, crises and growth." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0002/document.
Full textThis thesis includes three essays on foreign reserves, crises and growth. Chapter 1 proposes a theoretical model to look at foreign reserve accumulation in fast-growing emerging economies. The demand for foreign reserves stems from the interaction between productivity growth and underdevelopment of the domestic financial market. During economic transition, foreign reserve accumulation is proved to be welfare improving as long as private capital flows are controlled. Chapter 2 is an empirical work on the role of foreign reserves during the global financial crisis. It is found that the level of reserves matters: countries with high reserves relative to short-term debt suffered less from the crisis, particularly if associated with a less open capital account. In the immediate aftermath of the crisis, countries that depleted foreign reserves during the crisis quickly rebuilt their stocks. This rapid rebuilding has, however, been followed by a deceleration in the pace of accumulation. Chapter 3 takes a political economy stance and shows how reserves can be used to stabilize the domestic economy when the private sector faces credit constraint and currency mismatch. It is argued that both a targeted lending in foreign currency or a fiscal spending financed by foreign reserves help remove the bad equilibrium. Nevertheless, these two policy tools differ in the mechanism through which they stabilize the domestic economy and in terms of the amount of foreign reserves needed
Fattoum, Asma. "Politique monétaire et gestion des entrées de capitaux : le cas des marchés émergents." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/fattoum_a.
Full textDuring the late eighties and early nineties, the financial liberalization in the emerging markets such as, the south-east Asian and Latin American countries gave birth to massive capital inflows. At this stage, we will try to determine whether the volume of capital inflows contributed to the destabilization of the macroeconomic components of the above mentioned countries. Therefore, we analyzed the effect caused by capital inflows on the monetary policies of these countries. Indeed, the outcome of our research showed that capital inflows have numerous effects on the macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, exchange rate and M2. The research that we conducted showed that the capital inflows affected negatively the long term stability of the south-east Asian countries as well as most of the Latin American countries. They evolved in an economical context which was extremely harmful to their financial stability to an extent that traditional monetary policies implemented and used by the above mentioned states, including capital inflow controls proved to be of limited efficiency. However, many emerging countries reverted to targeting inflation, as an alternative to nominal anchor, after being unable to maintain a pegged exchange rate in addition to their inability to target monetary aggregates as being inadequate considering the goals to be attained. Nonetheless, the extent of the effect of targeting inflation on the stabilization of the economy is still to be determined
Mametz, Sophie. "Combinaison de déséquilibres et crise de change : une analyse en terme de signaux d'alerte en Amérique latine et en Asie du Sud-Est de 1970 à 1997." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24002.pdf.
Full textHermet, François. "Crise de change et activité économique : le rôle de la qualité du bilan des firmes." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_16_Hermet.pdf.
Full textAt the beginning of the 1990's, the "Washington consensus" considered financial deregulation a necessary condition for the development of emerging countries. Recent financial crises have raised questions as to the true benefits of such a fast integration process. Nowadays, financial globalisation does not appear a sufficient condition for the welfare of emerging economies. The discussions are based on the recessive effects of these crisis episodes. In this context, this thesis examines the link between currency crisis and economic activity. A progressive approach is adopted in order to reveal, from theoretical and empirical points of view, the essential elements for the comprehension of economic vulnerability in the aftermath of a strong currency depreciation
Grandes, Martin. "Quatre essais sur les déterminants du risque pays dans les pays émergents." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0043.
Full textThis thesis contributes to empirical literature on debat pricing in countries which pay a considerable prenmium over returns on risk-free assets like the US Treasury bonds. In particular, it aims to identify the relevant economic/finacial variables which drive the bond yield spread of a typical developing-country borrower (be it the government or a corporation) in secondary markets. Caphter one examines the macroeconomic determinants of sovereign default risk premia in major Latin American countries, mamely Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, over the period 1993-2001. The major finding is that most of the times it is the permanent rather than the transitory change in output growth, the net capital inflows in terms of GDP or the debt service burden (also normalized by GDP) what drive sovereign spreads. Contagion episodes, and to some extent a measure of risk aversion, are also found to significantly explain variations in Latin American sovereign default risk. Chapter two looks into the determinants of corporate default risk premia in South Africa, using a panel of nine representative corporations and rand-denominated issues over the period 1997-2003. It finds, first, that the "sovereign ceiling" does not hold for all nine companies, i. E. The yields of their rand-denominated bonds outstanding increase less than 1% when government bonds yields rise by the same amount. And second, other firm-specific features (leverage, volatility of returns on the firm's value, maturity and ris-free interest rate volatility), are also found statistically significant determinants of corporate spreads. Finally, chapter four brings up the relationship between currency and default risk in the conetxt of a potential shift to dollarisation in a country which already had a hard peg regime: Argentina in 1991-2001. It is shown that by dollarising Argentina would have performed no miracle to reduce default risk
Aflouk, Nabil. "Régimes de change, taux de change d'équilibre et croissance économique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131016.
Full textWargui, Mohamed. "L' insertion dans la division financière internationale : une approche alternative pour le développement des PED : le cas du Maroc." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL2004.
Full textThe relationship between financial development and economic growth has received a lot of attention in the economic literature of the last decade. This study describes Morocco's experience in liberalizing its financial market and its kind of integration in international economy. First, we present the problems posed by financial repression in Morocco and the main recommendations made in the literature and on the basis of international experience. Second, we describe the financial liberalization process of Moroccan economy. Finally, empirical part assesses the changes brought about by the reforms and their impacts in macroeconomic growth in Morocco. In this last part we analyze the link between financial integration and Moroccan growth from three decades (1970 2002). The main result of our study is that of a positive correlation between Moroccan economic growth and its financial deepening
Özyurt, Selin. "Croissance, productivité et les retombées positives de l’ouverture aux investissements directs étrangers et au commerce international en Chine." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090024.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the issues associated with China’s rapid economic development and reform initiative over the past three decades. The study presents new empirical evidence which relies on comprehensive data sets and recently developed parametric methods. The major objective of the thesis is to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of China’s recent economic growth and productivity performances. The main focus is directed to the investigation of spillovers to Chinese economy arising from openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. The major findings of the study are: (i) Over the past three decades, physical capital accumulation has been the main driving force of China’s rapid economic growth, while productivity and technical efficiency gains have also contributed to economic growth; (ii) openness to FDI and international trade exert a positive impact on growth and productivity; (iii) the spatial econometric analyses highlight that regional dynamics and spatial interactions play a crucial role in the process of economic development
Dondassé, Auguste Apollinaire. "Ouverture commerciale et croissance économique dans la CEDEAO à la lumière de l'expérience des NPI asiatiques : une approche cliométrique à partir des modèles VAR et VECM." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10022.
Full textThe Bretton Woods’s institutions evoke Asian Newly Industrialized countries’s (NIC) experiment to justify liberal policies lied down to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. However, in their enforcement, they occult the part of « strategic » protection measures in the success of these countries opening. Within the framework of the setting up of ECOWAS’s Common External Tariff (CET), the question of the role of the protection measures in the insertion of this zone to the world trade arises with acuity. With VAR and VECM models and the Asian NIC’s experiment, we use a cliometric approach and show in three chapters the role of the protection measures in the success of the aforesaid Asia’s countries opening. The first chapter shows that opening is a driving force behind growth and convergence. Nevertheless, it reveals that the poor countries would gain to resort to « strategic » protection measures in their insertion to the world economy. The second chapter shows that the NIC of Asia resorted enormously to « strategic » protection measures. With the developpementalist economists, one notes that government’s presence cannot be regarded as neutral. Finally, the third chapter supports, with CHELEM’s data, that the successful insertion of the Asian’s NIC to the world economy would be explained by their resort to « strategic » protection measures. The test of ELG assumption with VAR and VECM models shows the interest to take account of protection measures in the appreciation of opening’s contribution to growth. On the basis of these elements, we formulate a proposal of policy to ECOWAS’s countries. It hinges on the role that these countries must grant to « strategic » protection measures in the setting up of their CET, in order to open up more effectively to exchanges
Valette, Cécile. "L'impact des marchés financiers sur la croissance et le développement : application aux pays émergents." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0056.
Full textFinancial market development embedded in a very specific way the endogenous growth theories at the end of the eighties. At the same time international organizations made the markets dynamics a priority for the developing countries. The idea behind this initiative was that this stimulus would accelerate financial restructuration and allow indebted countries to become participating ones through what is in fact a particular means of fostering growth. The emerging countries dealt upon those pages are located in both in Asia and in Latin America and have all liberalized their capital accounts. The econometric study built upon Atje and Jovanovic does not favour the thesis of a financial markets pushing up the rate of growth of those countries. Only Chile's financial markets seem to have had a real impact on growth. A macroeconomic data study confirms the small influence of those markets upon both the financial structure and the indebtness type of those emerging countries
Aguir, Abdelkader. "Stabilité, croissance économique et ciblage d'inflation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE001/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies. To be more specific, the developments of this thesis aimed to investigate the conduct, efficiency and performance of the policy of monetary strategy in an instability context. Therefore, we proceed in two steps. First, we study the conduct rule of the inflation targeting policy (Chapter 1), showing how this notion of optimal rule should guide the behaviour of the Central Bank in its decisions of monetary policy, in order to achieve the inflation goal, by emphasizing the role of transparency and credibility of the monetary policy, as a performance criterion, by evaluating the different experiences of the emerging countries that have adopted an inflation targeting and have been able to strengthen the effectiveness of the monetary regime (Chapter 2). Then, in a second step, we distinguish periods of pre-targeting and post-targeting to evaluate the performance of this policy. Thus, we show that inflation targeting is economically efficient if it generates an environmental stability of monetary policy (Chapter 3). Finally, we analyze the efficiency and performance of the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies in times of crisis, taking into account the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 that produced the worst global recession since the 1930s (Chapter 4). We are developing an econometric approach based on a dynamic panel data in order to study the degree of stability of the economic environment targeted countries in a context of instability. Our results show a significant difference in inflation performance with macro-economic performances in a global economic environment characterized by a global financial crisis, and that these differences are generally attributable to the choice of the strategy of monetary policy
Mazé, Dominique. "Déploiement de la stratégie des groupes chinois dans les pays émergents et en développement : analyse contextuelle et culturelle. Comment les fleurons chinois s'emparent de territoires et préemptent le long terme." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0080/document.
Full textThe rising power of industrial firms and conglomerates from Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, shakes up the agendas of many global companies and opens the door to further academic research. We argue that it challenges the sustainability of the multinational corporations of Anglo-Saxon inspiration. The Periphery of the global economy composed of emerging and developing countries is likely to shift to the Center in the mid- and long-term. Both Chinese State and private enterprises are reshuffling the cards within and outside the Periphery to gain and, ultimately, preserve a strong leadership in the next 50-100 years. Empirical studies dedicated to emerging market multinationals (EMMs) have failed to create a new theory so far, thus providing material for the advocates of evolutionism. Dunning, Kim and Park (2008) viewed the internationalization of EMMs as the contemporary version of the patterns implemented by developed country multinationals in the late 1970s. According to these authors, the strategies of EMMs, and their execution in the host countries, are “an old wine in new bottles”. The content is similar; only the container is different. Our research aims at decoding the strategic, transactional, and operational dynamics at stake in the maneuver warfare waged by Chinese multinational companies in emerging and developing economies. Our five empirical studies strived to shed a new light on how Chinese multinationals conquer new territories, on how they dismantle invincible positions held by historic players, and on how they preempt the long term in countries of the Periphery. Our survey demonstrates that they leverage an unrivalled collection of specific levers and assets that help them wage the war (war-fighting capabilities) and conquer global leadership positions (war-winning capabilities). Unlike the evolutionist trend, we found out that the Chinese expansion strategies and footprint are unique. They are driven by China’s existential questions (critical masses of resources) and long history. The case studies show that the institutional preemption of the flawed, moth-eaten governance of the host countries, skillfully orchestrated by the Chinese State, is the favorite mode of entry of the Chinese dragons in emerging and developing countries. They also show that the latter invest heavily in voids of all natures (1), and that they deploy liquid strategies named ‘water strategies’ as opposed to ‘stone strategies’ (2). Facing water strategies, the ‘stone strategies’ of Western multinationals appear vulnerable. Our research makes it clear that water wins over the stone. Our findings rehabilitate the role of culture in the field of international strategy, and lead to a new theoretical paradigm: IFLC (Institutionalize – Fill – Leverage – Combine). The IFLC model could pave the way to brand new agendas and practices in strategic management
Mrad, Houda. "Business cycle fluctuations and monetary policy in emerging economies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0187.
Full textThis thesis investigates different aspects of the fluctuations in emerging economies. First, it examines the MENA countries’ context to establish the empirical regularities. Then, to replicate the MENA countries’ business cycle patterns observed in the annual data, we estimate a standard real business cycle (RBC) model to assess the performance of the neoclassical model with transitory and permanent shocks. This is the purpose of chapter 2 which results support the assumption "The cycle is the trend". The second aspect refers to the importance of financial frictions and is addressed in the third chapter which adds new financial shocks to the stochastic growth model. We determine the role of financial frictions in the Tunisian economy not as the source of business cycle fluctuations but as an amplifier of the effects of total factor of productivity shocks.The fourth chapter analyzes monetary policy in emerging economies. Firstly, we examine the inflation targeting regime under the lens of a New Keynesian forward-looking model. We also, estimate a Taylor rule and some other alternatives in order to determine which rule to adopt within this framework. Empirical results support the implementation of a strict inflation targeting regime, with an inflation forecast based rule as a reaction function. Secondly, we explore the optimal monetary policy rules using a New Keynesian DSGE model. In particular we assume that information stickiness as the only type of rigidity in the model. We find that Whereas, Taylor rule in its original version provides substantial welfare gains, price-level targeting regime was suboptimal
Salameh, Majd. "L'architecture du système bancaire comme source d'instabilité financière des économies émergentes : une proposition de régulation bancaire." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986263.
Full textZareba, Wioletta. "L’élaboration de la Politique européenne de voisinage et la gestion du problème des frontières : le rôle des nouveaux États membres (notamment celui de la Pologne)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030070.
Full textThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was developed in order to insure a zone of stability and prosperity on the borders of the European Union (EU). It aims at strengthening political, economic, cultural, and security cooperation between the EU and its neighbours. Its objective is to engage neighbouring States into a mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU. The present doctorate thesis focuses on the Eastern dimension of the ENP which includes Eastern States like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. These countries have an important role to play in the EU international straetegy. New Eastern European countries adhering in 2004 brought in a new frailty yet creating a strong pressure group asking for a strong commitment of the EU in matters related to immediate neighbourhood. Those countries are thoroughly aware of the economic situation of the region and have a wide experience cooperating with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; they sought to have an influence on the Community's foreign affairs policy by means of new paths of action. The aim of this research concerns the global evaluation of the new Members States' - and Poland's in particular - part in and the contribution to jointly elaborating the Eastern European Union's eastern policy for the years 2004-2007
Rapelanoro, Nady. "Essai empirique sur les conséquences de l’expansion de la liquidité globale dans les pays destinataires." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100073/document.
Full textSince the seminal paper by Baks and Kramer (1999), the concept of global liquidity catch once again the attention because the factors of its expansion are considered in the literature as having contributed to the development of vulnerabilities prior to the global financial crisis. Given the importance of global liquidity issues, the literature has largely focused on the financial stability approach in the issuing countries. Contrary to this approach, the research developed in this Ph.D. thesis relies principally on the receiving countries perspective, particularly the emerging countries. Accordingly, in order to answer our main problematic regarding the identification of global liquidity spillovers into the receiving countries, this thesis proposes a three chapters analysis of the phenomenon. First, we focus on a generalization of the financial stability concerns into the emerging countries. Second, we analyze how the reserve accumulation behavior in the receiving countries affects the global liquidity conditions in the main issuing country. Third, we center on the monetary authorities behavior in order to isolate their economies from the effects of the global liquidity expansion
Abi, Zeid Antoine. "Les mutations géographiques et technologiques de l’industrie automobile : une analyse par l’approche gravitationnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA059.
Full textEmerging countries (EC) endowed with dynamic markets became the main automotive production area. Developed countries are still the main exporters. In this thesis, we measure the theoretical value of exports of EC based on the parameters (GDP, trade costs) of an augmented gravity model. The car exports of the majority of EC risk stagnation because of weak knowledge economy & high trade costs in these countries. Iran has an opportunity to increase its automotive exports under the condition of improving its domestic products and/or building export-platforms for global automakers. The exports of Turkey & Mexico risk stagnation unless Mexico increases its exports to Europe & Asia, and Turkey increases the added-value of its industry. Electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries are the future of the automotive industry. China & the USA are expected to be the main exporters in the field of li-ion batteries. The growth of American batteries exports is highly probable notably to countries with advanced ICT infrastructure
Ghani, Shazia. "La crise financière de 2007 : analyse des origines et impacts macroéconomiques sur les économies émergentes : quels sont les leçons et les défis de régulation financière ?" Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987627.
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