Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique et gouvernement – Haïti – 20e siècle'
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Lucien, Georges Eddy. "Port-au Prince (1915-1956) : modernisation manquée : centralisation et dysfonctionnements." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20068.
Full textOur research, without giving a long-term study, highlights the index on urban development of Haiti's Capital Port au Prince. The main idea of our work, supported for several years, is to stress on important elements of the issue, in particular its historic evolution and specific environment of haitian Government. Thanks to an historic graph, based on description, it seems to us in the wake of our first researches, that the years of the American invasion in Haiti ( 1915-1934), secondly the years before the Duvalier dictature ( 1957-1986) play a main role concerning the development of Port au Prince. Then, our historian look focuses on this decisive period. Are the years 1915-1956 responsible for the fail regarding the development attempt of Haiti's Capital, as the Haitian and foreign Authorities wish it? The theme of urban development covers a study in three cases on which we come back regularly in this work: projects of modernization, or transformation of urban structures; planning programs by the Authority in power, like foreign leaders or Haitian Administrations ( State, city council). Finally, assessment of companies regarding the Capital, about its urban crisis and management of the growth by the authorities. Then, we stress on a political history way concerning the urban fact. How is the capital's city centre managed, governed by its authorities in a period of crucial transformations for the country
Désir, Marc. "Presse écrite et pouvoir politique en Haïti dans l'interrègne de 1956 à 1958." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0389.
Full textOur thesis deals with this issue related to written Press and political power during the 1956 - 1958 events that occurred in Haiti. This period, originating from President Magloire resignation in 1956 to François Duvalier's mandate conslodation in April 1958 is marked by strong political tensions. That begins with the struggles launched by President Magloire's supporters and opponents at the end of his presidential mandate. A period of instability followed Magloire departure with the succession of five governments in ten months. Besides, those two years are relevant to Haitian journalism , in a country where written Press finds its particularity from oldness and great frality. The consolidation of François Duvalier's regime goes with an offensive against written Press that reaches its climax at the end of April 1958, with the closing of Haiti-Miroir, the last journal of opposition. However, in this difficult situation, journals, by interfering with political struggles during this period, from 1956 to 1958, experienced an important downturn. They ceased to be the place of a single gouvernemental thought to reflect the plurality of coexisting trends of thoughts. Moreover, those journals were also used as a fouth power that tended to cling to actuality and gear the events, in a period stressed by confusion
Jabouin, Evens. "Entre péripéties, luttes et participations : l'émigration des Haïtiens en Floride et en région parisienne au cours du vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0044.
Full textWhen one mentions the question of the emigration of the Haitians throughout the world, one of the recurrent themes relating to it is that it is almost systematically associated with the years 1960, and more particularly with the advent of Papa Doc to the power in Haiti. As for the favored destinations of the Haitians, there is another recurrent theme which consists of presenting Miami as the bastion of the poor boat people, whereas Paris is regarded as the destination of a more elite Haitian migration or of the persecuted political actors. This study intends to show that what seemed true in Paris during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century has not been the case for already a few decades. Going back to the first wave of emigration towards Cuba in the years 1910, it shows that the emigration of the Haitians precedes Duvalier, and examines the issue relating to the hosting and the settlement of recent waves of Haitian immigrants in France, in the United States and elsewhere. Regarded as undesirable, they were received rather unfavorably in their respective countries of reception. Nevertheless, recently, the Haitians abroad are shifting from their status of the undesirable poor to that of an influential and respectable group. In Florida today, the Haitians have come to be an important municipal players, elected to the head city institutions which has long been inaccessible to them. In the Paris region, the Haitians have not had equivalent electoral and political success, because they are less visible socially. But they have been, in recent years, part for a very encouraging sociocultural dynamic
Jean-Gilles, Jude. "La distanciation de l'administration publique haïtienne par rapport aux principes de la nouvelle gestion publique : une approche quantitative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22317.
Full textOdonel, Pierre-Louis. "L’ Emancipation au cœur de la politique du sentiment et de la logique humanitaire en Haïti : utopie ou impasse ?" Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070108.
Full textWhat can the emancipatory gesture of another be by means of a policy that reflects the sense of sentiment (feelings) and that of humanitarian logic? This research attempts to address the tension originated within this question in two complementary and interdependent parts (including three chapters each) of this thesis. It defends the idea: the act of emancipation of the other may feel secure in what is taken by the emancipated emancipation even in the instance that it will move its emancipation. From this point of view results the following philosophical propositions: a policy that is based on sentiment (be that of pity or compassion) hinders political emancipation itself. Then, when sentiments (feelings) take reins in policy implementation, relational virtues such as compassion and pity, permeate citizen reports/ state and notions of solidarity As such, through its humanitarian institutions and practices, these actions act as a barrier to citizenship skills and to the development of fulfillment through policy because it replaces the state and its citizens. In an untimely gesture, this work examines some possible implications (practical and theoretical) arising from the humanitarian experience in Haiti after the earthquake of January 12th, 2010 and which, examines the installation of rescue institutions in this country commonly referred to today as the " Republic of NGOs". The approach consists in a dual investigation both in philosophical reasoning and its effects, anthropological and sociological in how to approach the field of investigation per say
Pormchana, Manop. "Les ministres thaïlandais : étude socio-politique des membres du gouvernement depuis 1932." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020079.
Full textAyissi, Antoine-Claude. "Le développement politique au Cameroun : de l'autoritarisme politique aux revendications des jeunes." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100040.
Full textRaad, Nazih. "La vie politique et économique au Liban après 1943." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10063.
Full textNérard, François-Xavier. "Protestation et dénonciations dans l'URSS stalinienne, 1928-1941 : étude d'une pratique sociale et politique." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010503.
Full textContreras, Osorio Rodrigo. "Le renversement de la politique : pouvoir politique, démocratie libérale et néo-conservatisme au Chili." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0043.
Full textIn this thesis we try to make a critical study of free market democracy in Latin America using the example of Chile. In order to accomplish this we develp three independent theses. The first one is that the stability and legitimacy of a free market democratic system depend on the possibilities and real conditions and objectives available to the citizens to establish horizontal and equal relational exchanges because it is these that ensure the effective autonomy of people and real equality of rights. Subsequently, we affirm that in Chile as well as in the rest of Latin AMerica, free market democracy exists in a context marked out by an ensemble of limitations and contradictions that affect its stability and legitimacy. Thus, our second thesis is that these limitations and contradictions arise from the way which power is exercised and distributed in each of our countries, given that the degree of economic, political and social democratisation depends on this, as do all the possibilities of distribution of wealth and all advantages that a society can offer to its members. This leads us to our third thesis : the distribution and exercise of power in our societies, and especially in the case of Chile, are the result of a free market social order defined from an authoritarian interpretation of a free market doctrine; an interpretation that is not accidental, but, on the contrary, obeyx the historic transformation of authoritarianism that is connected to the sensibility and the neo-conservative ideological attachment, characteristic of the dominant group in Chile
Ocampo, Alcantar Rigoberto. "Le système politique mexicain : l'épuisement d'un modèle corporatif." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030126.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the mecixan political system on the basis of the corporatist and neo-corporatist theories. We carry out an analysis of its structural characteristics and of its evolution after the revolution of 1910. Our aim by doing so is to distinguish the corporatist elements from the neo-corporatist ones un the entire political system in order to verify our central hypothesis: the mexican political system can be defined as a system based on corporatist and neo-corporatist elements; the political crisis the country has been going through since the beginning of the eighties reflects a wearing out of corporatist structure
Oliveira, Chaia Rômulo. "La réforme de l'État : administration et politique au Brésil." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40027.
Full textThis thesis is a study about the political brazilian transition, from the passage of the autoritarian gouvernment to the democratic one (1974-1985). We consider the interests and the ideologies of the national private investors, wich are connected to foreign ones that follow the privatisation evangile, wich wants the liberalisation of the brazilian market. It means that we do not stay attached to one specifical gouvernement in particular,instead several gouvernements are studied in the mesure that the work requires in order to their context. In others words, it is a study of the contemporary brazil, when the state stops to finance the public investments, giving the place to an open market. The advent of an open market asks for a modernisation of the ancient structures of the country, in order to be able to receive the international investments and to enter in the new order era, in the era of the third industrial revolution. But we are also interested in the most obscur phase that political brazilian system had lived during a moment of its history : the military autoritarism. In this context, we take into consideration the movement of the political and financial elites in the interior of the state's machine, including the federation, mainly after 1930's years. These elites are seen as the principal actors ol the society in the process of political opening of the country to commercial liberalization. The theoretical reference analysed in this thesis corresponds to the ideas that are accorded the best to the proposition of a stale reform, and to the role of the national elites in this process. The explicative elements that turns around this question are adapted to the political, economical and institutional aspects of the country. We also consider the participation and the influency of these elites in the process of strategical decision of the slate and the liberalization of its internal market. All the analysis consider current difficulties of the country that are attached to its structural anachronism and its historical past
Kaval, Musa. "Etude comparative des mouvements islamistes en Turquie, en Iran et en Egypte." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100012.
Full textIslamic movements in Turkey, Iran and Egypt are studied on the one hand in terms of the historical and political dimension of the modern of these countries and on the other hand through a historical and theological (Islamic) perspective. They are tms addressed as politico-religions forces opposed to the established order, based on a lay or secular conception of the state. The questions treated are principally the following : the decline of the old order, the process of modernization, but of contemporary political and ideological trends (in turkey, Iran and Egypt), the holding back of religion as support for modern states and the emergence of the idea of the creation of the Islamic state, factors in the appearance and reinforcement of Islamic movements, the problem of identity and reference; the conception of man and liberty; legitimate sovereignty and regime in accordance with these movements and their forms of action and organization. The approach taken is this study is to establish the similarities which unify these movements and the differences which separate them
Torres, Parés Javier. "Solidarité et conflit : le parti libéral mexicain dans les relations entre le mouvement ouvrier du Mexique et celui des Etats-Unis : 1900-1923." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0011.
Full textDuboscq, Jean-Bernard. "Identité de l'espace local et politiques municipales : le gouvernement des petites villes dans le département du Gers." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D312.
Full textSocietes et espaces locaux sont dependantes des degres variables d'adaptation aux contraintes territoriales peripheriques. En ce sens, la constitution de l'identite de l'espace local peut etre vue comme le produit, ou l'interface, de ces deux dimensions mises en correlation. The social and political contents of the notion of "local" can be analysed, with a dynamic outlook, on the basis of the consideration of the relations between a society and its territory. Those relations are considered according to their effects upon the practices at local government level. The observation of innovating dimensions within local systems induces the differenciation of types of situations: permance vs change. It is possible to underline the factors wich contribute to the development of the main endogeneous or exogeneous stakes in every local system. The analytical perspectives in order to survey the general and particular stakes make it possible to understand the constituent dimensions of identity-functional as well structural - of local territories. The choice of discriminant variables (size, structure, functions, constraints) in the working out of the sample (6 small towns of the gers department, showing similar cha- racters within the local urban framework) aims at a comparative analysis
Cahsai, Berhane. "Naissance et évolution du mouvement national érythréen." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0020.
Full textThis thesis analyses the birth and evolution of the eritrean national liberation movement. It is divided into two parts. The first deals with the pre-colonial history of aritrea, the italian colonisation (1890-1941), the british administration under united nations mandate, and the 'pseudo-federation' with ethiopia which ended brutally in 1962 when eritrea was annexed by ethiopia. The second part is devoted to the armed struggle which began in 1961 by the various liberation movements, to the present; the construction of 'liberated zones' by the eritrean peoples liberation front and its achievements on the political, social, and infrastructural fronts (creation of mass organisation and associations, the liberation of women, and the construction of hospitals, schools, and roads. In conclusion, the author foresees the advent of an independent eritrea, which would open an interesting chapter in contemporary african history
Sahinler, Menter. "Origine, influence et actualité du kémalisme." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010512.
Full textBeing an empirical movement and not a dogmatical system, kemalism inscribes itself in the Turkish cultural heritage and at the issue of the Ottomanian reforms of the 19th century. In the decades of 1920 et 1930, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and his supporters have insured the independence of the Turkish nation and have established a republican dictatorship determined to impose the kamalist reforms. The aim of the government was the westernization of Turkey, in other words its secularization, its modernization and the creation of the necessary conditions for democracy. Nevertheless, the establishment of democracy in 1950 has coincided with a degradation of the acquirements of kemalism, and above all of the secularization, whence the intervention of the army, guarantor of the kemalist inheritance, in 1960. Kemalism in Turkey is exposed to the opposition of the radical Islamists who threaten democracy and secularization
Wihtol, de Wenden Catherine. "Les immigrés et la politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0011.
Full textGouesbier, Yvan. "La maison de sable : histoire et politique en Italie de 1943 à nos jours." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100135.
Full textThis work attempts to examine a specific historiographic tradition -that of an Italy which has had to assess the role of fascism since 1943. Our aim is to use specific documents to revisit the problems involved in writing about historical events when it is a question of reconstructing the recent past. We will seek to understand how the scientific approach (which claims to capture a rather precise and "true" account of events in the broader sense of the term) must free itself from contemporary stakes or from the collective memory, which are both a catalyst and an impediment. This leads to putting in sharp relief the existence in Italy of an intellectual model whose strength and age remind one of a frail national figure with a missionary calling (Italy as a beacon for Mankind). In the first part of this paper, we will define the general conditions of contemporary historical writing in Italy, in other words, the role of historians as intellectuals. Thus, we will examine Benedetto Croce's influence, certain aspects of the cultural policy of the Italian Communist Party, and the ranks of the more or less militant liberal-democrat intelligentsia, unique to Italy. The second part is an analysis of a few historiographic debates, giving priority to those involving fascism, antifascism, and indirectly communism that emerged during the mid-seventies around the work of Renzo De Felice, when the historian cut into the sound convictions of the established and new Radical Lefts, and at last in the 1990's implicated the concept of a nation state. This seems to have heralded the disintegration of an ideological configuration, at its height in the period immediately after the war, which kept together antifascism, communism and idea of nation and supplied the Italian Republic with a wobbly base
Coquelin, Olivier. "La révolution conservatrice : génèse idéologique de l'Irlande politique et sociale, 1800-1923." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20052.
Full textUp to the 1990's, Southern Ireland had appeared as a conservative country unquestionably symbolised by an omnipotent Catholic Church but also by a bipartite political system made up of two conservative organisations. The fact that no forces had enough power to counterbalance the Establishment was partly the result of the wait-and-see attitude adopted by the main proletarian organisations during the 1916-23 Irish Revolution. But this again is only a partial explanation as an ideological analysis of the period known as the Union era reveals that, despite her propensity to rebel, political and social Ireland contained the seeds of the conservative revolution that was to give birth to the Irish Free State in 1922. And this, firstly, because most nationalists merely contemplated a political liberation of the country ; and secondly, because the various social movements only aimed at reforming the system or overthrowing it through a revolutionary scheme inspired by conservative motives
Boisard, Stéphane. "L'émergence d'une nouvelle droite : monétarisme, conservatisme et autoritarisme au Chili (1955-1983)." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20054.
Full textThis thesis studies the emergence during the 1950 and 1960 decades of a New Right in Chile, its political nature and its ideological orientations. Originating at the Catholic University of Santiago, the New Right is then composed of two distincts groups : one is a young team of neoliberals economists trained at the University of Chicago and known as the "Chicago Boys" and the other is a conservative student movement influenced by Catholic fundamentalists, the Gremail Movement led by Jaime Guzmán. Three main structuring events punctuate the convergent evolution of those two groups that led to the creation of a political party in 1983, the "Independant Democratic Union". Within a background of total decay of the traditional right wing parties, the first event is the student rebellion at at the Catholic University in July 1967. As a reaction of defence of their social class, the two groups, opposed to the reformist students, meet for the first. Second, the democratic election of Salavador Allende in September 1970, the socialist candidate to the Presidency, sees the creation of the New Right and its involvement in the political fight. The New Right, part of the powerfull newspaper El Mercurio, actively participates in the October 1972 strike, prepares an alternative economic program and is in contact with the seditious Generals. Last, the military coup of September 11 1973 gives the New Right access to power. From 1975 onwards, while the "Chicago Boys" take charge of the different economic ministries, Jaime Guzmán imposes himself as the main ideologue of the regime and plays a very important part in the writing of the 1981 Constitution. On a ideological point of view, the New Right comes to maturity at the beginning of the 1980's with the creation of reviews such as Realidad and Estudios Publicos, which celebrate the reconciliation of neoliberalism and fundamental catholicism. The New Right and the General Pinochet dictatorship are envisioned in a dialectic relationship : one could not have existed and stay in power without the other. The systematic violation of Human Rights is the moral price that the New Right accepted to pay in order to perpetrate its ideology
Park, In-Soo. "La monarchie républicaine accentuée : contribution à la théorie de la suprématie présidentielle sous la Ve République française." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020004.
Full textLavaud, Jean-Pierre. "L'imbroglio bolivien : turbulences sociales et fluctuations politiques, 1952-1982." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040308.
Full textPost-revolutionary Bolivia is experiencing recurrent political instability which is revealed by both frequent changes of president and the violation of the rules of succession as laid down by the constitution. This instability can be understood by analyzing the mobilization and collective action of the various groups competing for the direct or indirect control of the state power : miners' unions and, more generally, workers' unions, regional committees, employers' organizations, army, political class and foreign agents - especially north american - having a foothold in the country. This instability is the consequence of both their fierce competition and the special orientation of a ruling class led by tradesmen and financiers, looking towards foreign countries, more speculative than productive, bent on economic deregulation and whose political survival and ever growing wealth depend on their keeping a close control over the wheels of the state
Polack, Ana. "Fédéralisme et démocratie en Argentine : usages démocratiques et innovations de l'institution d'intervention fédérale aux provinces au XXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0151.
Full textLas intervenciones federales en Argentina han sido un tema de debate a lo largo del siglo XX. Sin embargo, han sido mas criticadas que estudiadas por la literatura. Es por esto que la presente tesis intenta dar cuenta del recorrido histórico de la institución de intervención federal en Argentina, estudiando las diferentes formas que ha adoptado en cada etapa de democratización, siguiendo la utilización hecha por los gobiernos nacionales en cada periodo. La influencia de los intereses de los diversos sectores partidarios en relación con las luchas por el poder político, tanto al interior del juego politico provincial como en relación con el juego politico nacional, están en la base de la distorsión del remedio federal respecto a como fue concebido originlmente por los constituyentes de 1853-60, es decir, la protección de la unidad del territorio bajo la forma republicana de gobierno. Intentamos dar cuenta en este documento tanto del proceso de creación de un sendero institucional, marcado por lasprimeras intervenciones federales a las provincias (punto de partida complejo), como de las innovaciones practicas y retoricas introducidas en cada una de las diferentes etapas de democratización politica. La democracia ha mostrado, a partir de este análisis de la excepción, que puede entrar en contradicción con la autonomía politica garantizada por la Constitución Nacional a las provincias (principio central del federalismo)
Elsaadany, Mohamed Aly. "Evolution des institutions et de la pensée politico-philosophique en Egypte." Paris 8, 2003. http://octaviana.fr/document/180478788#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textWe gave an account and analysed the different trends of thoughts in Egypt. Like this, we reviewed two centuries of the Egyptian policy since the accession of the French campaign to Mubarak's time, dealing with the evolution, the construction of a rough outline of a make up of an institution which is not likely to be over nowadays, and finally, political philosophical and religion trends of thoughts. As all the other countries, Egypt claims to be in the political line based on Aristote, Platon and Machiavel's ideas, but Egypt is also proud to have thinkers like EL AFGANY, Mohamed ABDOU, HASSAN EL BANNA and Sai͏̈d QOTB. Within this context, we can define the political system as a whole of relations between the authority and citizens. A game of relations is becoming established, a group attains the power, decrees laws, takes decisions and defines a policy to follow. The last question which shapes the essence of this study is the change, the modification of the system of power and regime of constitution in Egypt as well as the prospects of future. In future and over institutions and the constitution at present, can the Egyptian people assure its transition to a democratic regime. We gave an account and analysed the different trends of thoughts in Egypt. Like this, we reviewed two centuries of the Egyptian policy since the accession of the French campaign to Mubarak's time, dealing with the evolution, the construction of a rough outline of a make up of an institution which is not likely to be over nowadays, and finally, political philosophical and religion trends of thoughts. As all the other countries, Egypt claims to be in the political line based on Aristote, Platon and Machiavel's ideas, but Egypt is also proud to have thinkers like EL AFGANY, Mohamed ABDOU, HASSAN EL BANNA and Sai͏̈d QOTB. Within this context, we can define the political system as a whole of relations between the authority and citizens. A game of relations is becoming established, a group attains the power, decrees laws, takes decisions and defines a policy to follow. The last question which shapes the essence of this study is the change, the modification of the system of power and regime of constitution in Egypt as well as the prospects of future. In future and over institutions and the constitution at present, can the Egyptian people assure its transition to a democratic regime
Manero, Edgardo Alberto. "L'autre, le même et le bestiaire, la perception de la menace dans le nationalisme argentin : ruptures et continuités dans le cadre de la globalisation." Paris, EHESS, 2001. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364131910004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textBullick, Lucie. "Pouvoir militaire et société au Pérou aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010557.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to analyze the military regimes in peru in the XIXth and XXTh centuries. The firts part is dedicated to the role of the armed forces in the Peruvian political system. From the end of the XIXth century till 1968, the military institution was the protector of oligarchical interests. The second part of the thesis analyses the government of general J. Velasco Alvarado as well as the regime of F. Morales Bermúdez. It studies the opposition of different tendencies inside the government, the politization and ways of resolving conflicts between opposite tendencies. This part is also dedicated to the demilitarization process that took place at the end of the seventies. The third part of the thesis focuses on the problems of military aid (French and North American military missions), armament, military training, doctrines and strategies
Martin, Vianney. "Le patriotisme en Espagne de 1931 à 2004." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30004.
Full textAt the very heart of modern Spain's fundamental debates, patriotism appears to be a particularly complex issue. Indeed, to what extent can the different kinds of patriotism that exist in Spain actually be regarded as "Spanish"? Are national and regional patriotisms necessarily rival feelings or can they be complementary ? From the troubled times of the Second republic to the 2004 Madrid terrorist attacks, the constant evolution of the patriotic phenomenon can be observed through statistics, myths and symbols, together with many and various means of expression. Directly linked to the "sense of belonging" and the existence of "affective hierarchies", "patriotism in Spain" is quite revealing of the deep nature of a country that is marked by its recent past and the contradictory aspirations of its components and still expects its "patriotic transition"
Pauthier, Céline. "L'indépendance ambiguë : construction nationale, anticolonialisme et pluralisme culturel en Guinée (1945-2010)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070125.
Full textGuinea's access to independence, in 1958, was a founding act, around which the nationalist narrative was forged. But the political and social mobilizations of the 1940s and 1950s are more complex than the nationalist mythology suggests. In a context of imperial reforms, political parties offered different ranges of anticolonialism. They also confronted about political legitimacy, that had to be refounded. At different scales, local politics, west-african formations, metropolitan strategy interacted in the cold war context and led to the daim to sovereignty. At the turn of independence (1956-1962), the Parti Démocratique de Guinée leadership came to imagine the nation as a community united by the one-party state led by its leader. All dissent, be it real or potential, was suppressed. As the regime radicalized, from 1961 to 1976, nationalism was reduced to anti-imperialism. Nevertheless, the process of nation-building was an ambivalent one. Through permanent mobilization and cultural nationalism, Guineans took part in performing the nation, between consent and constraint. This shared history, in spite of its turmoils, contributed to make the guinean nation an affective community. This is conspicuous in the memorial controversies that emerged from 1984 on. Often centered round the figure of the « hero of independence », they rekindle some parts of the nationalist narrative which are either meeting consensus or triggering dispute
Fabry, Pierre. "La Principauté de Monaco (1856-1999) : l'avénement d'une État souverain." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040193.
Full textWe propose to study the contemporary history of this nation - bit by bit saved from political and financial ruin by chance, culture, science, tourism and industry. From autonomy to independence, the governors and people forged the conditions of their future and survival. But this rapid expansion isn't enough to explain how Monaco reached its full political maturity in a Europe of large political powers while its territory was reduced to nothing. Political, social, and economical crises, the privileged but sometimes conflicting relationships of the prince and his subjects, and diplomatic relationships enabled the affirmation and the emergence of the principality. The history of Monaco is the story of a state not unlike those on the continent. With regard to culture, the economy, diplomacy, and social life, we are attempting here to uncover the fascinating destiny of this community that is deeply rooted in Europe
Tseggaï, Mebrahtu. "L' échec de la construction de l' État moderne en Éthiopie au XXe siècle." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10054.
Full textThe various answers forwarded to explain the failure of building a modern state in Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular are often based on a culturalist approach. Accordingly, the foreigness of state in Africa is considered to be the main cause for the failure of building a modern state in Africa. The one drawback is that not only these explanations are far from being satisfactory but they don't enable us to frame the relevant problematic of the state in Africa. This research tries to disprove the validity of the sociological paradigm of the foreignness of the state in Africa by taking Ethiopia as an example. Ethiopia is not a creation of western colonialism. On the contrary, it is the only country in Africa which resisted European attempt to colonise it. What is more, not only the idea of the state is very old in this country but it is also embedded in the Ethiopan mentality. That is why it is indispensable that any research on the state in Africa should start from inside Africa herself and not from the angle of western conception of the nation state. The conclusion that this study draws is that the building of a moderne state in Ethiopia during the 20th century has failed because the attempt to modernise the traditional state by transplanting the western European model state aimed at reinforcing the supremacy of Ethiopian rulers and not at building a political community founded on Rule of law
Leang, Pichara. "Géopolitique et structuration de l'espace cambodgien." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23004.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is to show the links between political geography and changes of cambodia. The study starts with a description of historical background which initiated the changes. Then, an analyse of the processes which generated the structural breaks which took place in the early 70's in the traditional wy of life is carried out. Accordind to this analyse, those years of political and military instability are a major cause in the bankruptcy of the country nowaday. An attempt has been made to show how strong are the effects of ideologie and political geography on land and water management in cambodia. The study ends with an analyse of current trends of the new political situation which took place in september 1989 after the so-called withdrawal of vietnamese occupation troops
Somai, Mohsen. "Le rôle de la colonie française dans l'évolution politique de la question tunisienne 1936-1954." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE29004.
Full textStarting from an analysis of the demographic evolution of the french colony between 1881 and 1956 and the weight it exer ted at the economic, social and political levels until the early thirties, the paper aims at showing the role played by the french colony in tunisia as a decision-blocking minority force crippling the conflictual partnership repeatedly attempted between the decision-making mechanism in paris and the tunisian national movement in the political evolution of the tunisian question between 1936 and 1954. The reform policy regarding tunisia attempted by the blum government starting from 1936 generated hostility among the ma jority of the french colony, which forced its successor, the chautemps government, to renounce the implementation of the pierre vienot programme of march 1937. During world war ii, the tunisian question was relegated to a secondary position among the concerns of the french colony. Dismayed at the defeat of the french forces, the french colony waited for the end of the war to react. However, the war changed the situation radically. The tunisians began to assert claims to total independence and planned to internationalize the problem. The french colony in tunisia hardened its position and reverted to its pre-war "domineering" rhetoric. A right-wing "bloc" emerged around the french rassemblement of antoine colonna, obstructing any negotiation between france and the neo-destour. The french government retreated into a state of politicla torpor until the late forties and in 1950, france opted for a peaceful settlement of the tunision question. However the french colony attempted to block such action both in paris and tunis and declared, though its representativ es, its readiness to adopt the idea of a franco-tunisian co-soverignty. From then on, the action of the french colony would constitute the main stumbling block in the relations between france and tunisia during the fifties. With support for the french colony in tunisia, the maghreb and especially in france, in addition to the inability of the governments of the fourth republic to pursue a liberal policy, the relations between france and tunisia reached a deadlock. Not unti l the accession fo pierre mendes france to government would france decide to surmount the obstacle till then constituted by the french colony
Ould, Saleck El-Arby. "Le paradoxe de l'abolition de l'esclavage et l'enjeu politique de la question haratine en Mauritanie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010285.
Full textSetta, El-Houari. "Mohammed Hassan Ouazzani (1910-1978) : l'homme politique, sa pensée et son action. Contribution à létude de la pensée politique marocaine moderne." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32044.
Full textAdjalian, Blaise. "Évolution constitutionnelle et politique du Bénin : 1972 - 1987." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010258.
Full textOn october 26, 1972, the armed forces of Benin succeeded in the military takeover of the civil government and the abolition of the presidential council. The council, a transitional tripartite body dedicated to the causes of national unity, had been created some two and a half years earlier by a constitutional charter. In november 1974, the new regime opted for a system of "scientific socialism" based on narxist-leninist principles. In 1975, a unique political party - le parti de la révolution populaire du Benin (the peoples' revolutionary party of Benin)- was created with the objective of providing support for the government headed by Mr. Mathieu Kerekou. In 1977, the fundamental law (new constitution) was adopted in conformity to the ideological orientation of 1974. In practice, however, the new legislation resulted in large-scale corruption and the rampant misappropriation of government funds. At the same time, the country was beset by endemic problems of regional and tribal rivalties. . . As the mono lithic one-party system efficiently neutralized all form of political opposition, the expression of divergent opinions become impossible within the prevailing context of severe repression. By 1987, the initial ideals of the revolution had dege nerated into a generalised fiasco and the collapse of participatory democracy
Gechem, Sarmiento Carlos Eduardo. "Démocratie représentative et partis non représentatifs en Colombie." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020030.
Full textRousseau, Marie-Pierre. "Le Président du gouvernement en Espagne." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40001.
Full textSarwary, Nina. "L' Etat Afghan acteur et enjeu des relations internationales : 1979-1989." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0018.
Full textNguyen, Trong Thuy. "L'érosion de la puissance américaine dans le monde : élémentsd'explication." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020079.
Full textThe only world power at the end of the Second World War, the U. S. Has known in the last fifteen years a profound change that has affected if not reversed its dominant role. If U. S. Globalism and interventionism have contributed, during the first twenty or twenty-five years of the postwar period, to maintain stability and permitted a spectacular development of the western economy, the American involvement in the Vietnam conflict has finally brought about the exhaustion of its power, with domestic as well as international implications. On the domestic plane, the country's problems have expressed themselves in the American people's drive for retrenchment, the crisis of institutions and the crisis of leadership. On the international plane, the world system has changed from the rigid bipolar configuration of the cold war period to an increasingly multipolar setting, with the emergence of new regional powers (China, but also Europe and Japan which became more than recalcitrant allies), and the revolt of small and middle-size states (energy crisis and demands for a new international economic order). Moreover, from the second-half of the 1970s, we are witnessing an incomparable expansion of soviet power and influence in the area of third world conflicts. In the face of the new soviet military threat, and with the allies unwilling to follow Washington's choices and advices, the U. S. Are inclined more and more toward unilateral action (case of the Reagan administration)
Yao, Koffi. "Tribalisme et vie politique en Afrique Noire." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0030.
Full textEl, Turc Joëlle. "La vie constitutionnelle au Liban de 1919 à 1940 : le modèle français à l'épreuve des réalités du Proche-Orient." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3038.
Full textKilakos, Nikolaos. "Institutions et finalités démocratiques : le cas grec, 1974-1989." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020053.
Full textANGUIANO, OROZCO ARTURO. "Les transformations de l'etat mexicain dans le cadre de la mondialisation (1982-1995)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010590.
Full textThis thesis pretends to analyse how the mexican state-nation lives his capitalist globalisation process breaked off especially since the eighties and the way that it turned out to be in somekind of leberinth. Our point of departure is the transformation that characterises this globalisation and the state- nation system crisis that appears to unleash. Taking into account the fragmentation and regionalisation, that paradoxically brings forth the universalisation without market or planet economy handicaps, we can distinguish the new north-south polarisation that appears as well as the segregation and exclusion that are brought forth with it. Further more we examine what we name, in our text, as the detaching of mexico with respect of the underdeveloped south and his attempt to engage himself to the developed north, which in practice prefigures a_northamerican country destiny. Afterwards we study the economical, social and political processes, which were triggered off under the influence of the new mexican international insertion, and the internal mutations lived by the country. Especially we emphasise in this pretended national modernisation (not only of the economy, forwarded towards exportation from now on), as well as in the state transformations and in his redefinition of the different social components relations. In our conclusions we discriminate the actors, the contradictions and the incertitude of a political transition that fluctuates between the authoritarian re- establishment and the democracy
Meziane, Naïma. "Le gouvernement Abdellah Ibrahim : une expérience de participation au pouvoir pour l'aile radicale du mouvement national marocain, décembre 1958-mai 1960." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0007.
Full textBatardy, Christophe. "Le programme commun de gouvernement : pour une histoire programmatique du politique (1972-1977)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2018.
Full textOn July 12th 1972, The PCF (French Communist Party), the PS (Socialist Party) and the “radicaux de gauche” party signed a programme agreement entitled “A Common Programme for Government”, that soon became known as the "Common Programme”. In September 1977, negotiations to renew the programme, which were widely covered by the media, failed because of a re-emergence of ideological divergences that had been put to one side in 1972. This failure occurred in spite of the very favourable electoral dynamic that had given rise to a United Front on the political left. This political programme was most widely distributed in 20th century France. It marked the French political life to the point that it is possible to call the 1972-1977 period the “Common Programme” moment. A study of the social impact of this text and a chronological rereading of the May-September 1977 period that aims to reevaluate the responsibility of the French Communist Party for the failure of the discussions has allowed the writing of a history of political programmes for the 1972-1977 period
Le, Vaillant Marivanh. "Biographie du prince Boun Oum na Champassak : une histoire laotienne (1910-1980)." Paris, INALCO, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INAL0003.
Full textHeir to the Champassak House, after he renounced his rights over this Laotian area in 1946, Chao Boun Oum contributes to the constitution of an internationally recognized entity. As a personality that cannot be ignored in the local political world, he holds in the kingdom, being the third dignitary in the constitutional order, several high offices, such a chief inspector of the kingdom and Prime Minister. The character being constantly controversial, this PhD dissertation examines the validity of the accusations made to the Prince and evaluates their implications with a double approach : the emergence of a unified Laos after it freed from the Asian and European foreign dominations, and the crystallization on the Prince's personality, over a short time, of this one-century old mutation. In this study, Chao Boun Oum turns out to be in the middle of five approaches : an international approach of decolonization and cold war ; a regional approach when Laos is the object of wars of influence ; a Laotian approach that is, under the appearance of national unity, a conflict of interests between politically rival factions, enhanced by family antagonisms ; a local and familial approach when the Prince's House has difficulties to re-define its specificity compared to the Luang Pranbang House, the main beneficiary of the unity ; a personal approach heading a dynasty, Chao Boun Oum's traditional education had not prepared him to face the stakes of the world he lives in. While politics is, in Laos, a question of persons, he shows an undeniable absence of political sense. Undesirable amid the establishment because of his independence of mind and tone, the Prince seems to suffer from being cast out by the cast he rightfully belongs to
Jaffrelot, Christophe. "Des nationalistes en quête d'une nation : les partis nationalistes hindous au vingtième siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0018.
Full textThe development of the Hindy nationalist movement from the late nineteenth century can be be explained less from a "primordialist" point of view than on the basis of a culturel analysis, named "strategic syncretism" because it works as an "invention of tradition" aiming at covering the assimilation of western and muslim cultural features to resist these do9minets more efficiently. Vet this ideological creation enters the political sphere according to the criteria of the "instrumentalist" theory when political elites attempt to mobilise in manipulating symbols of hindu identity. Still, this strategy depends on threse structural variables : the militant network, weak and based on notables in the case of the hindu mahasabha, dense and incorporating religious leaders in the case of the "ass family" ; the political system, dominated by the congress which was able to inhibit hindu nationalism under Gandhi and Nehry's authority, but more and more favourable since the 1980s and the social and geographical basis, traditinally limited to the Northern India high castes but in expansion
Dovert, Stéphane. "Le rattachement de la Nouvelle-Guinée-Occidentale à l'ensemble politique indonésien : intégration ou colonisation ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0011.
Full textIn May 1963, the Indonesian government became the official ruler of West New Guinea (known today as Irian Jaya). After ten years of diplomatic confrontation, the Dutch government left its former colony and backed down on its commitment to leading the territory to independence. In spite of the 1969 United Nations general assembly vote which made the transfer of sovereignty official, the Papuan population of West New Guinea has remained reluctant to accept the Indonesian authority. Thirty years later, due to major ethnical and cultural specificities, the Papuans have not yet been integrated into Indonesian society. They have participated in a multiform resistance movement (commonly known as OPM - organization for the Papua liberation), mixing different kinds of objectives, empirical as well as mystical. While seeking the departure of the Indonesians, they also aspire to a society of abundance and eternal life. This thesis explores two major questions : firstly it presents the identity of the Papuans and the aspirations which underlie it. Secondly, it analyses the reasons why the Indonesian government wanted the integration of West New Guinea and the way it has choosen to rule the territory ever since
Sueur, Rémy. "Socialisme et esprit républicain dans le département de la Somme des années 1920 aux années 1950." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010629.
Full textAnalysis of the social structure of the socialist party (s. F. I. O. ) (1920-1950) in the departement de la somme. In this area, the process of industrialization was carried out without excessive urban growth or rural exodus. State education and a particular brand of patriotism, born in response to foreign invasions, has affected the way in which proletarian internationalism was assimilated in this area. Three main chapters follow in chronological order: 1. Influence of the past, 2. The time of choices, 3. Republic and civic virtues. Party files dating from the years 1936, 37, 38, 45, 46, 47, provided data on the social origins of party members, their mentalities and the images they had of the party itself, the state and the republic. Testimonies from older militants, the party press, and the prefectoral archives reveal a world where republican values, and a strong spirit of independance outweigh considerations of party discipline