Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique et gouvernement – Maurice – 1945-'
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Riondel, Bruno. "Maurice Faure : un artisan de la construction européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010501.
Full textElected member for Lot in 1951, Maurice Faure discovered the european idea and joined the federalist circles. Appointed secretary of state at foreign affair in Guy Mollet's very european government, he fist began the talks concerning the retrocession of Sarre to Germany, with success; then he took the head of the French delegation negotiating the commom market and Euratom. At the top of his carreer, the treaties of Rome will then be the object of all Maurice Faure's attention. He will support them with pugnacity, by demanding in exchange of the French acceptation of the british project to create a free-trade zone, equal guarantees to those obtained for the common market and by standing in opposition to the confederal conception the Gaullists will try to impose in the sixties. At the end of that period, disappointed by the difficulties met by the European building and less influent because he had lost the head of the radical party he had controlled since 1961, he turned to his local mandates, without completely abandonning the European building for witch he still sporadically gets involved
Turgeon, Alexandre. "Le nez de Maurice Duplessis - Le Québec des années 1940 tel que vu, représenté et raconté par Robert La Palme : analyse d'un système figuratif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26270/26270.pdf.
Full textTurgeon, Alexandre. "Robert La Palme et les origines caricaturales de la Grande Noirceur duplessiste : conception et diffusion d'un mythistoire au Québec, des années 1940 à nos jours." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26424.
Full textAlongside the Quiet Revolution, the Great Darkness occupies a special place in the collective imaginary of the Quebeckers. Those two mythistories articulate a dichotomical conception of Quebec’s past where the year 1960 appears as a fracture between two distinct times and two worlds, between the Old and the New Regime. This thesis explores the caricatural origins of the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era. Up until now, researchers who have discussed the matter of the constitutive mythistories of modern Quebec were mostly interested in the discourses from intellectuals grouped at newspaper Le Devoir, journal Cité Libre and the Faculté des Sciences sociales of the Université Laval. As for us, we focus on the contribution of caricaturist Robert La Palme in the conception and diffusion of the mythistory of the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era in Quebec. Robert La Palme is one of the most prominent caricaturists that Quebec has ever known. Between 1939 and 1962, he worked at the most important French-Canadian newspapers of the time and presented his caustic view of current affairs. Throughout the years, a wide variety of characters from all political and cultural backgrounds found their way inside the great theatre which was his satirical comedy. No one else attracted the attention of the artist more than Maurice Duplessis, leader of the Union Nationale and Premier of the province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939, then from 1944 right until his death in 1959. In hundreds of caricatures, La Palme took malicious delight in drawing caricatures of the man and his “regime”, his ideas and his convictions, acts and position statements. By doing so, the caricaturist produced some of the iconic images of the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era. Carried out through the works of caricaturist Robert La Palme, this thesis studies the production process and flow of the discourses that referred to the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era since the 1940s. We show that Robert La Palme gave an original discourse on the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era. His most important contribution to this regard is the formula “Toé, tais-toé!”, that he first put over the mouth of Maurice Duplessis. This formula has since become one of the icons of this mythistory. Other discourses regarding the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era have also resorted to La Palme’s caricatures. Two electoral brochures of the provincial Liberal Party as well as schoolbooks, a commemorative event and an historical synthesis grabbed our attention. In the 1940s and 1950s, the provincial Liberal Party used La Palme’s caricatures in order to reply to the Union Nationale’s demagoguery. When the caricature did not serve as a political discourse, the latter took the traits of the caricature. Since the 1980s, Robert La Palme’s caricatures were finally put to use for educative, commemorative and historical purposes to enhance the mythistory of the Great Darkness of the Duplessis era.
Aza, Ondine. "Enjeux et défis de la trajectoire de développement de deux petits États insulaires anglophones : étude comparée de Maurice et de Trinidad des origines à l’ère de l’économie de la connaissance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA021/document.
Full textAt a time when economic growth is thought to be driven primarily by knowledge, the purpose of this research is to analyse to what extent two Small Island Developing States – Mauritius and Trinidad – are adequately equipped for this new economic context. As former British colonies, they both joined the Commonwealth upon gaining independence in the nineteen-sixties and they have since largely succeeded in overcoming their initially unfavourable conditions. Today, their good political, economic and social development is widely acknowledged. The main focus of this research is to evaluate how far colonial legacy, which is still visible in the contemporary institutions of both these states, can favour the transition they wish to undertake towards knowledge-intensive activities as drivers of economic growth. For this purpose, the research analyses the development trajectory followed by their institutions and their economy spanning the whole period of their colonial and post-independence history; additionally, this research considers the steps which are undertaken nowadays to build the framework required to foster a knowledge economy by studying more specifically the role of higher education as an essential tool for human capital formation. While upholding that some of the assets which could help them achieve their objectives can be linked to their colonial past, the research contends that the transformation of these two countries into knowledge-based economies could be hindered by the legacy of colonisation on some of their current features and which, decades after gaining independence, impedes the widespread diffusion of knowledge amongst their population
Boughaba, Yassin. "Citoyennetés populaires en Suisse : Sociabilités et politique à Renens (1945-2013)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2033.
Full textMy dissertation examines working-class citizenships, i.e. plural forms of political commitment of deprived individuals. It aims to establish findings on political participation of working-class people from a local study on ‘upper’ working-class, i.e. workers and lower employees who are however involved in volunteering or political activities. The purpose of this piece of research is to identify social divisions among the working-class and their consequences on political participation of deprived individuals. I have analyzed several commitments – in parties, unions, associations and during elections – in different historical contexts. Drawing on historical and ethnographic inquiries as well as statistical data, this study shows that the commitment in the Parti Ouvrier et Populaire of workers of the Swiss Federal Railways in the 1940’ is related to an exclusion of workers of the private sector; that the division between Swiss workers and foreign workers appears in the xenophobic statements held in the Swiss Workers’ Union during the 1960’ and the 1970’; and finally that, in the 2000’, although foreign residents are now involved in volunteering and political activities – the volunteer fire department and the local committee of the Parti Ouvrier et Populaire –, they are still discriminated in these organizations
Essono, Mezui Hervé. "Eglise catholique, vie politique et démocratisation au Gabon : 1945-1995." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/essono-mezui_h.
Full textThe Catholic Church has become one of the main components of contemporary Gabon. We cannot make its history without accounting for the part played by this Church in the Gabonese society. In a little more than 150 years of effective presence, it has shared the joys and misfortunes, the hopes and despairs of the Gabonese people. Since 1945, the Catholic Church has been confronted with the agitated and ambiguous political evolution of Gabon through the electoral competitions, political independence, the institutions set up, political violence. It has known the period of the single party, the political involvment of its priests, the return to the multi-party system and democratization. In front of these facts the Catholic Church has a directive word, neither noisy, nor aggressive, but useful for the construction of the society. But this word is disputed or misunderstood because of an environment characterized by a climate of ambiguous secularity, secularization and the internal challenges of the Church. Beyond the relationship between the Catholic Church and political life, between 1945 and 1995, this work is also interested in the History of this Church in order to better understand its role in society. It recalls its evolution since the periods of the missions until the building of the Churches diocesan, while relating by the end of the Mission, the change in the episcopate, the creation of the episcopal conference, the visit of the John Paul II. It shows the strengths and limits of its action in a Gabonese society, al ready facing deep economic, social and cultural changes because of colonization, and the oil boom
Bernault-Boswell, Florence. "Démocraties ambiguës : la construction d'une société politique au Gabon et au Congo-Brazzaville, 1945-1964." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070005.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the political, social and cultural evolution of central african societies in the gabon and the congo-brazzaville from 1945 to 1964. This study traces the historical roots of the failure of the first african presidents of these newly independent countries (the coups of 1963 and 1964). This work demonstrates the new perception and the new image of public power (and of nation-state) among africans, in particular through the study of elections. In this perspective, this dissertation shows the role of the new colonial occupation in the 1940s and the 1950s. At the same time, it sheds light on the constant appropriation and the active invention of politics by the africans. The dissertation concludes on the important fluidity of political and cultural mobilization, and on the mobility of ethnic identities among africans during this period
Duhamel, Éric. "L'Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance, 1945-1965." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040054.
Full textThe subject of this doctoral theis is the only french political formation exclusively issued from the resistance mouvements. Initially a federation, it later took the form of a party, dedicated to the expression and promotion of the projects of many "resistants" : to reniew the french political life around a great "labour party" under c. De gaulle's leadership. Udsr was then the largest conglomerate ever called together, merging people of many different tendancies, except the communists. The story of its failure reflects the very nature of "la resistance". It sheds light of the period of the first pst war years. Rene pleven, who was the first president of the new party, tried out unsuccesfully to bring together de gaulle and the "third force". Doing so he contributed to the extension of this "third force" toward the right, all the more sso because it was a pivot group. From the analysis of several remarquable polls it appears obviously that, from 1947 to 1951, the role plyaed by udsr in the assembly was invesrsely proportional to its numerical strength. F. Mitterand took advantage of the large number of his clients in the "mouvement de prisonniers de guerre" to exert a leadership in the party. He attacks pleven's proeuropean positions on behalf of african priorities. He became preisdent in 1953. After the come back of de gaulle in 1958, the party was used by mitterrand as in instrument to group togother all non communists left wingers, under the framework of the 5th republic institutions. The study of the udsr demonstrates that it was no so much a "parti de cadre" than an original, specific and original formula. Finally, this thesis is more than a detailed monography of a party that played a central role. It reveals several facts and new points, enlighting this history with various unknow aspects
OULD, SIDYA KHABAZ MOHAMED. "L'evolution constitutionnelle et politique de la mauritanie de 1960 a 1988. " mimetisme et ou adaptation du constitutionnalisme moderne "." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010295.
Full textDuring sevral ten years the french colonial state has neutralized the mauritanian traditional institutions and used them as a link between him and local populations. After independance, as like in other contries of the french tradition of legal field, a presidential constitution, even "presidentialist" was adopted in 20th may 1961. The regime was caracterized by the parliament enfeeblement and by the strengthening of the president powers, especially, after the institutionalization of the single party in 1965. In 1978, the beadlock in which the regime entered provocated by the western sahara conflit, and because of economic crisis and carcan of the single party all this determinated the military forces to overthrow the civil regime of president mokhtar o. Daddah the 10th july 1978. After this coup, a political evolution caracterized by the formalism and the permanent instability which was marked by the adoption of six constitutional chartes in 8 years. This work try to lay down and to resolve the problem of cohabitation of traditional political institutions and modern institutional schemas from 1960 to 1988 and describe the dialectrics which govern their interaction
Hongphanut, Racchaneekorn. "La naissance de la thailande contemporaine de 1933 a 1945." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30039.
Full textIn the years 1933 to 1945, thailand was faced with a number of difficult internal and external political problems. In the wake of the coup d'etat fomented by young civilian and military intellectuals in 1932, the revolutionary movement known as the "people's party" was constituted with the express purpose of modifying the political regime. Its ambitious program called for an evolution away from absolute monarchy toward a constitutional monarchy and democracy by means of an occidentalization of the nation's structures. The actions of great figures who have marked the history of thailand such as the statesmen praya pahonponpayuhasena, luang phibulsongkram and luang pradist are studied in depth. The projected political evolution did not take into account the fact that the working classes, 80% of whom lived in rural areas, were not ready to accept the proposed revolutionary ideology. The political class was more interested in personal ambition than in the interests of the country. Given this context, it was impossible for the liberal regime to come into being and, instead, thailand lived with "phibulism" and the dictatorship of an excessively nationalistic ideology
Fauconnier, Brice. "Tenkō 転向 : va-et-vient, convergences et changements idéologiques dans le Japon des années 1920-1950". Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0001.
Full textComparing with european cases largly influenced by religious conversions or recantations' idea, the ideological changes phenomenon called "tenkō " in Japan is valuable for two reasons. Firstable, it is public (therefore, immediatly controled, mediatized as a social and ordinary phenomenon through the public expression space), secondly, it lives through the twenties to the fifties (therefore, it represents the heart for rethinking continuity and dicontinuity among political elite from prewar to postwar). Mostly used pejoratively to mark out an official renunciation of marxist ideas or commitment in the thirties, it originally concerns marxits internal debate concerning the readaptation of the theoretical apparatus to new social and political conditions. The history of the word "tenkô", wich basically means "change of orientation", shows the developpement into ideological issues under the action the authorities from 1928 to the defeat and the difficulty for Japanese intellectuals to combine occidental heritage and patriotism. Qualifying "tenkō " the general evolution of Japan from the mobilization to total war in Asia-Pacific or the individual choices from 1945, amounts in many ways to denounce abrupt turnarounds or opportunism as lack of Resistance to "fascism" or a series of compromises with militarism and war worshiping. To avoid such simplification and in order to clarify postwar Japan discourses presuppositions concerning the war itself and the position of Japan in its international environment, this study intend to provide an historical overview on the reorientation of the 1920-1950 period
Pauthier, Céline. "L'indépendance ambiguë : construction nationale, anticolonialisme et pluralisme culturel en Guinée (1945-2010)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070125.
Full textGuinea's access to independence, in 1958, was a founding act, around which the nationalist narrative was forged. But the political and social mobilizations of the 1940s and 1950s are more complex than the nationalist mythology suggests. In a context of imperial reforms, political parties offered different ranges of anticolonialism. They also confronted about political legitimacy, that had to be refounded. At different scales, local politics, west-african formations, metropolitan strategy interacted in the cold war context and led to the daim to sovereignty. At the turn of independence (1956-1962), the Parti Démocratique de Guinée leadership came to imagine the nation as a community united by the one-party state led by its leader. All dissent, be it real or potential, was suppressed. As the regime radicalized, from 1961 to 1976, nationalism was reduced to anti-imperialism. Nevertheless, the process of nation-building was an ambivalent one. Through permanent mobilization and cultural nationalism, Guineans took part in performing the nation, between consent and constraint. This shared history, in spite of its turmoils, contributed to make the guinean nation an affective community. This is conspicuous in the memorial controversies that emerged from 1984 on. Often centered round the figure of the « hero of independence », they rekindle some parts of the nationalist narrative which are either meeting consensus or triggering dispute
Barzin, Nader. "L'économie politique de développement de l'énergie nucléaire en Iran : 1957-2004." Paris, EHESS, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011311.
Full text"Atoms for peace" was introduced in Iran under US initiative in 1957. The developing Iran of the era had no need of atomic technology. The US initiative was based on its position of weakness and desire of controlling the international nuclear sector. The launch of the nuclear industry in Iran in 1974 corresponded to the last phase of international cooperation in this field. US-Iranian relations had already entered the period of lack of trust due to the nationalization of Iranian oil industry by the Shah and his participation in OPEC prise increase. For these reasons the completion of the program was problematic and was aborted with the revolution of 1979. Our thesis holds that the revelation of Iranian enrichment capacity in 2002 serves two essential functions : first a "virtual dissuasion" against invasion of American forces that besiege Iran on all frontiers. Second, having demonstrated-and abandoned its military capability, Iran seeks to be finally able to operate its civilian nuclear industry after 30 years of obstacles
Talamoni, Jean-Guy. "Littérature et construction politique : l'exemple du Primu Riacquistu corse (1896-1945)." Corte, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0033.
Full textMarchesin, Philippe. "Etat et société en Mauritanie : 1946 - 1986 : de l'historicité du politique en Afrique." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010255.
Full textThis thesis which must be differentiated form the global analysis of the developmentalist and the neo-marxist approaches which have characterized numerous similar works concerning Mauritania for about 20 years, attaches importance to the historical aspect, avoiding however any cultural hyper determinism, in order to explain the politics in that country. After he has introduced Moorish and negro-African traditional societies which is shown to be essential for the understanding of the rest of the work, the author studies the contemporary state of Mauritania. First of all, by taking in account the political evolution since 1946 and by using the concept of a state with a variable focusing, the identifies six component areas of the post-colonial state of Mauritania ( the national-legal political, the ethnical, the tribal, the religious areas and areas of new solidarities and of external influences). By assessing the intensity of those varied mobilizations, he concludes that the tribal area is dominating, that leads him to describe the state of Mauritania as a "state with a variable focusing where the neo-khaldunism is dominant". Then, this thesis means to view plural strategies of the social actors, according. .
Zhang, Dubus Juxian. "Les relations diplomatiques sino-françaises (1964-1994) : l'historiographie chinoise à la lumière de l'historiographie française." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30015.
Full textThe thesis described in depth the inflected process of establishing diplomatic relations between China and France after 1949, and analyzed a series of historical events taken place during the period of 1964 to 1994 and their impact on the development of the foreign relations between the two countries. The thesis is based on the author's understanding of a large number of documentations from Chinese and French archives
Cantier, Jacques. "L'Algérie sous le régime de Vichy : de la fin de la IIIe République aux lendemains du débarquement allié : le temps de la Révolution nationale." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20076.
Full textLee, Han-Kyu. "Le développement politique et les partis politiques au Cameroun sous la colonisation française entre 1945-1958." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100047.
Full textOur thesis is divided into three parts and deals essentially with two subjects. The first is the domination of europe, and in particular that of germany and france, in the dialectical relationship between colonization and civilization. The second is the political parties in cameroon and the dilemma they face in the political development process in that country. The story of colonization is not an ordinary story, even if it is related to an economic phenomenon (capitalism) and characterized by the use of force (imperialism). Since then, however, civilization has been based on the inequality between the people being civilized and the people bringing the civilization. Indeed, there can be no "civilizing mission" without the duties of civilization. The "civilizing mission" has not allowed the natives to become french because if that had happened, they would have experienced their rights as their duties. Thus, the capitalistic and imperialistic colonialism practiced by the french has been based on a "distinct" civilization that requires arbitrarily performing the duties of the colonized people. The political parties in cameroon came into being in this historical context. These parties, like those in most of the african countries colonized at the same period, have to reconcile two demands: the first is to fight against colonialism and the second, to provide the population with political structures. Thus, between 1945 and 1958, they gave themselves the task of transforming social forces (social conflicts) into political forces. For the parties in cameroon, politicization is a duty that falls on the people and not a right possessed because it is desired. They had recourse to all kinds of political actions, both violent and non-violent, irrespective of form or content. Through their efforts, the parties in cameroon were able to achieve a positive rather than the normative or doctrinal position that they had during the last phase of colonization. Whatever the basic socio-political conflicts may be, they will always exist and contribute to the functioning of a given society, because there is never a society without conflict. The political parties must face up to their responsibility with regard to socio-political conflicts. One characteristic of the political parties is that they form and break up constantly between groups of individuals who are united by common intere
Estragnat, Dominique. "Technocratie et démocratie : essai sur la violence institutionnelle sous la Ve République." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33008.
Full textRationalization of politics and social has led our republic into a galloping institutioinal violence. The french technocratic society maintains the opposition between, on the one hand, the force of the multitutde but ruled by the principle of pleasure, and ont the other hand, the instrumental reason of oligarchical elites. In this case, the principle of alienation is paradoxical : everyone lives out of the other one's recognition, and thus the need of the enemy, but an enemy first hidden in the citizen-indvidual's heart. Therefore, the only report of strength's relations which corrupt the french democracy from the inside, only leads, on its own, to a never ending institutionalization of the relations of domination v. Servitude. The state and its elites, administration, social groups, parties and tradeunions reflect the fight between slavery and freedom inside the individual because the freedom of the state only exists by the individual's one. The unity of the individual's partition into force-love-spirit is a condition of the unity and the freedom of the state and society. External liberation - the existence of authentic liberties and therefore, democracy - this way, finds its condition in an internal liberation of the individual
Cain, Bernard. "La vie politique en Haute-Franconie depuis 1945 : réflexions sur le fédéralisme allemand." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040030.
Full textIn the Free State of Bavariaʺ (Freistaat Bayern) , one of the federate states (Länder) of the Federal Republic of Germany , the Upper-Franconia (Oberfranken) is one of the seven regions (Bezirke) in possession of a certain degree of political and administrative autonomy , and a high sense of particularism , which it expressed in several ways towards the centralism of Munich , including some kinds of claimings for its independance , from 1945 since today. Through the study of the principal events of its contemporaneous political life , this analysis tries to insist on the affirmation of the Upper-Franconia as a place with a strong identity , which seems to be representative of the rise of the european regions , and could make today a profit on its position inside Germany and Europe , with its eastern extension , by seating its experience with regard to the historical heritage and actual tendencies of the german federalism , the conceptions and practices of the bavarian governments , so as the problems and perspectives of the institutional construction of the European Union and the place which could be devolved in it to the regional entities
Saab, Myra. "L'Orient arabe (1958-1976) vu par le journaliste libanais francophone Edouard Saab." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040230.
Full text@This study analyses the Francophone Christian Lebanese journalist Edouard Saab's perception of the Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt and the Israeli-Arab conflict from 1958 to 1976. .
Kaciaf, Nicolas. "Les métamorphoses des pages Politique dans la presse écrite française (1945-2000)." Paris 1, 2005. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01078668.
Full textOllivier-Yaniv, Caroline. "État et communication gouvernementale : histoire d'une nécessité démocratique 1939-1976 : du Commissariat général à l'information au Service d'information et de diffusion du Premier ministre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010332.
Full textBy the term governmental communication, this thesis refers to the means used by the state to establish an exchange of information between government institutions and citizens. Both vast and familiar, this information is recognised as a full right in the contract between the state and the nation. But it is also defined by its necessity as well as by the commentaries which stress its intrinsicly democratic nature. If the communication of the state poses questions inherent in the practice of representative democracy, it is far from offering an answer to what type of relationship between the government and the governed is the most direct possible. As a unique form of relationship between the people and the executive, governmental communication is itself a kind of governance, a mode of regulating between the accessibility and the inacessibility of the government vis-a-vis the governed. Governmental communications can be understood as a realization of the public face of state information. Two areas will be considered for analysis and explanation: the genesis and the economics of governmental communication. Through documentary and archival research covering the period from 1939 through 1976 - the year in which the prime minister's information and broadcasting service (service d'information et de diffusion du premier ministre or sid) was created - this thesis first demonstrates that governmental communication is a rationalized form of relationship between the state and its information. Then, by considering how the sid has functioned over the last 20 years, its procedures and the actors involved in it or around it - ascertained through both a series of semi-direct interviews and a questionnaire - this thesis demonstrates that the state has not created a new sphere of action but that the sid appears rather to be a dramatic device intended to disseminate the different guises of the state. Thus, governmental communications can be considered as a kind of theatre characteristic of the democratic system
Diener, Georges. "Résistance populaire et maquis en Roumanie (1945-1965)." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0005.
Full textThe popular resistance to the collectivization in Romania is a distinct unknown phenomenon both in the West and in Central and Eastern Europe. In this country which has become known by the ferocity of its political police - redoubtable Securitate - and by the traditional passivity of the society versus soviet and communist enslavement inherited from a history of sequential occupations, a blustering popular opposition to the communist dominance emerged however. Indeed, from 1945 to 1965, several peasant riots burst out, joined by underground rebels, the partisans (maquis) spread out on the whole Carpathian arc. The presentation of this resistance - daily life of the partisans ; the typology of rebels ; rural riots etc - underlines the study of political forces and their evolution from soviet invasion to the unlimited domination, of the Romanian Communist Party and analyzes mechanisms of the collectivization in agriculture, main cause of the peasant discontent
Nayouf, Salah. "La formation de la pensée politique en Syrie (1945-2000) : les courants idéologiques." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030036.
Full textThis thesis highlights the situation of ideological movements in Syria and debates how to build a new Syria. The principal idea and aim of this work is the distinction between two stages of the political thought in Syria: the stage of constructing the national State and the democratic project after the independence, and the stage of constructing the State/Party or the totalitarian and authoritative project of the Baath party. For that, this study has several approaches. The first relates to the definition of the evolution of ideology and political thought in Syria, and the forms of this definition. The analysis approaches the historical point of view within a framework of relationships between the political ideas and the social and economic development. The second relates to the relationship between ideology and reality, and that gives an analysis of the political social and economic practices
Faxas, Laura. "Système politique et mouvement populaire en République dominicaine, 1961-1990." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0097.
Full textThe popular uprising in april 1984 has revealed the contradictions in the political system and the consequences of an aborted national-popular model in the dominican republic. The main point of this thesis (p. H. D. Dissertation) is to analyse the popular movement as a social actor and its relationship with the political system. These relationship are influenced by the historical process and by the impossibile development of a national-popular model and the destruction of myth elaborated around this model
Vergnon, Gilles. "Catastrophe et renouveau : socialistes, communistes et oppositionnels d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord sous l'impact de la victoire nazie : crises et reclassements (1933-1934)." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29005.
Full textThis work, which concerns the main european countries (including the ussrand the usa) in two decisive years (1933 and 1934), tries, after a picture of the german left from 1930 till 1933 and an overview of the vision of nazi rise from the main currents of the ruropean left, to sound out and to produce the typologie of their reactions against what is called as early as 1933 the "german disaster". Then, this transnational study brings out three succesive plans of renewal of leftist political strategies, each of them supported by different actors : the attempt of build "new parties", the "revolutionizing" of socialist parties, around "planism" or not, unity with communist parties, which, on communist's initiative, rapidly widens in "all-inclusive democratic blocs"
Ahmet, Illa. "Instabilité et démocratie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : le Niger et la Côte d'Ivoire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10025.
Full textAfter thirty years of civil and military dictatorship, pressure from the international community has pushed the Republic of Niger and Côte d'Ivoire to renew ties with the democratisation process. This process entered into grudgingly by the leaders in these two countries and running up against steering locks. This thesis tackles the reasons that explain this phenomenon. Regarding the study, the blockage is linked to the behaviour of the military and civil elite, to the dysfunctions of the administrative structures and the followers as well as the international and economic environment. The deconstruction of the administrative structures caused by corruption, nepotism and favouritism has provoked communal and tehnic tensions in Côte d'Ivoire. This situation is the cause of the political crisis that is taking place in the country today. The army's refusal to stay out of the political arena as well as its incapability to protect the republican institutions has been detrimental to the reinforcement of democracy in the two countries. The bias of the frameworks in charge of electoral issues (electoral commission, electoral justice) combined with a bad regulation of the political game by the political actors (political parties and elite) constitutes another source of the blockage. The democratic instabilities in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire are also linked to the drastic economic crisis that the two nations are going through. The infectiveness of the African integration and especially the absence of economic aid from the international community are supplementary causes of this crisis
Hurtig, Christiane. "Les Princes dans la vie politique indienne depuis l'indépendance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0005.
Full textBonenfant, Thierry. "L'évolution des comportements électoraux dans le Grand Ouest, 1958-1988." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN11003.
Full textThe large West of France is an entity whose image as for a long time been stable especially as for as its conservative ways of voting are concerned. This large region which includes Brittany, the Loire area and Lower Normandy (three countries which happen to have similar socio-professional structures and economic evolutions) has enabled the left and more precisely and more precisely the non-communist left to show for the last thirty years or so its highest vote increases in France. These evolutions are analyzed on the basis of the results of the national elections (general and presidential). The various explanatory factors which are pointed out, and whose importance varies according to the places studied, have underlined the importance of the spatial dimension of these evolutions as shown in the included charts. The explanation lies on long-term and short-term factors. In the long term, it includes traditional variables such as the socio-economic redeployments, the demographic redistributions or the cultural heritage, revealing the electoral impact of a population drift, of an economic vitalization, of a weakening in the structures of the traditional social controle among which catholicism ranks first. In the short term it integrates the structure of the electoral offer and the so-colled factors of political conjuncture which gain a growing importance in the context of new social distributions. Can this progression of the Left which places today the West of France in the French average, be interpreted as an attenuation of the local specificities or, on the contrary, should it be seen as a transition towards the building-up of new strongholds ?
Mavroidis, Constantin. "La construction de la nation grecque (1780-1922)." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10013.
Full textMonnier, Jean-Jacques. "Le comportement politique des bretons : étude historique et géographique, 1945-1993." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20006.
Full textEighty years after the "political picture of western France" by A. Siegfried, it important to focus on Breton political mutations, as the economy and society have undergone deep upheavals. Through work in the field and from archives, as well as the study of economic, socio-cultural and historical data, the political evolution of Brittany since 1945 is retraced, comparing it to its French context and to that of non-Breton western France. The left receded (1946-65), the right receded (1965-81) followed by a more stable period before the 1992 93 crisis and the emergence of abstention, of ecologism and of the extreme right, without any significant transfers of left to right. The long term gives an impression of stability, particularly the existence of four sharply contrasting regions of opinion : three "white" areas where there was often an endogenous economic development, based on agricultural cooperatives and on private initiative; a left area the size of a department, with a communist-like core and a "pinkish" periphery. Two-thirds of the electorade and of those in office identify with a Breton political model that is reformist, egalitarian and pragmatic, centred on economic development - the posterity of 35 years of regional action
Trechniewski, Boris. "Le facteur tchèque dans les relations polono-hongroises (1918-1939)." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030037.
Full textInside the Polish-Hungarian relations between the two World Wars, Czechoslovakia appears as an unmissable factor, because it plays a crystallization’s rule, inserted between these both countries. Poles and Hungarian make their policy according to Czech affairs, searching to build again their mutual border, in Carpathian Ruthenia. The study of different alliances combinations deployed by these three nations in order to neutralize each other, broadened the evocation of various union and federation projects, which have been considered in order to guarantee the peace in the Danubian basin and more generally in Europe. As for Polish-Hungarian connection in the thirties, in the frame of the totalitarian rise in Central Europe, leads to realize the mutual border, after the Munich agreement, in september 1938
Yagil, Limore. "L'Homme nouveau et la Révolution nationale de Vichy, 1940-1944 : étude du régime, de son idéologie et de ses pratiques." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0014.
Full textRey, Matthieu. "Le parlementarisme en Irak et en Syrie entre 1946 et 1963 : un temps de pluralisme au Moyen-Orient." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0076.
Full textContrary to an historiographical trend which denounces the parliamentary system as a corrupted period, our work aims at shedding a new light on its importance in the understanding of Iraqi and Syrian history between 1946 and 1963. Thanks to an analysis of political practices and political configurations, we managed to show how new states emerged and tried to face -very differently -numerous social demands. In a five-step study, we have retraced the trajectory of these two parliamentary systems. After providing a background of this regime in itself, we have chosen to focus on the first years that followed the Second World War. For both countries, the parliamentary experiences appeared as determining in the conquest of a real sovereignty. However, the crises that the year 1948 experienced imposed a new semantics of power in which efficiency and concentration of powers were of primary importance: Two authoritative formulas were briefly tried out. They were questioned in 1954; this calling into question led to new parliamentary configurations. A consensus government, aiming at unifying extremely fragmented political forces, was set up. Nevertheless, this system paralyzed and both regimes yielded to revolutionary waves. The new regimes intended to implement a real liberal parliamentary system but failed. In 1963, the constitutionalist formula seemed to run dry and the coups d'Etat by hizb al-ba 'ath (Ba'ath party) destroyed every foundation principle of the rule of law in both countries. We have tried to explain the extent to which the notion of parliamentary system could not be confined to a mere institutional arrangement. On the contrary, as we studied the dynamics which affect architectures of powers, we managed to show how the making process of public politics worked. Going beyond an approach which limited parliamentary system to the political sphere, we intended to seize the numerous interactions that exist between states and societies. Finally, we have proposed a set of ways to comprehend the disappearance of this form of power. Parliamentary system is an abundant and extremely rich reality. Thanks to hitherto non-studied Arabic sources, we were able to re-establish and to reassess the importance of this period
Assogho, Obiang Romuald. "Culture politique et politique européenne de la Grande-Bretagne de Harold Wilson à Tony Blair : Entre souverainisme anti-intégrationniste et minimalisme pragmatique." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30033.
Full textDelporte, Christian. "Dessinateurs de presse et dessin politique en France des années 1920 à la Libération." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0007.
Full textThe present article seeks to give weight to newspaper cartoons as historical documents and the same time to contribute, through a study of cartoonists - on an individual and collective basis - to the history of journalists and journalism. The interwar period is marked by the massive inclusion of cartoons in main newspapers. Caricaturists, bowing to the demands of the press, transform their profession and give up their traditional artistic spirit in order to become authentic journalists. They participate with spirit to the controversies of their era and transform newspaper cartoons into a fearsome political weapon which spoke out with particular violence in the 1930's. To such and extent that caricatures can be considered by historians as a genuine instrument of evaluation in the political debate. Newspaper cartoons, neglected by Vichy, stood out as privileged tool of propaganda for the Parisian collaboration movement. The period of liberation, at last, marks the history of newspaper cartoons and caricaturists, like a deep period of rupture
Belhaj, Saif Mohammed Rachid. "La politique scolaire du protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1940)." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H078.
Full textThe colonial school introduced in morocco has been clearly marked by the marechal Lyautey's ideological choice. Three essential principle were defined : - principle of "difference" that consisted to create specific schools for every school public : European school, franco-jewish school and franco-arabic school ; - principle of "differenciation" that distinguished on one hand between schools reserved for the sons of the leading citizens and populars schools and, on the other hand, between barbers and Arabs ; - principle of "lingering evolution" : the schooling of natives has not to confer more values to his public and to turn out soured elements. The analysis and questioning of several data have shown that these principles had been effectively applied
Akpo-Vaché, Catherine. "L'A. O. F. Et la Seconde Guerre mondiale : la vie politique (septembre 1939 - octobre 1945)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010552.
Full textThree stages marked political life in French West Africa (F. W. A) during the second world war. First of all, there were the schock of the defeat, the stablishment of Vichy's regime and its laws. This government was accepted by a large part of public opinion but it gave birth to several forms of resistance. Two year later, f. W. A. Joined the "allies" who continued the fight against the axe countries. The Boisson-Eisenhower agreement about political life could not keep in check the democratic claim of national and resistance associations. At the same time, the french partners were ready to agree on a new deal of colonial power in their territories as well as in the world. From Boisson's departure from power in july nineteen forty three, the "gaullistes" assumed political power in F. W. A. . They proposed new colonial politics which were debated at Brazzaville. French launched the project. Africans hoped that it would give them more rights and greater equality with white people. They put forward electoral strategies and managed to have their deputies elected to the french parliament. They could share the direction of political life with the french power
Durand, Jean-Daniel. "L'opinion mosellane face à la politique allemande : janvier 1933-septembre 1939." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Durand.Jean_Daniel.LMZ9801_1.pdf.
Full textOne of the main goals of this research is to establish the evolution of political analyses and commentaries by the press in moselle for the whole period (completed by archive documents). Events in german interior and exterior policy affect the sensitivity of journalists in moselle. In this type of nearly erupting volcano that europe became starting in 1935-36, it is difficult for observers, even ones as well-informed as journalists, to form and voice steady opinions. How can you not give in to dread when germany is hurriedly rearming and remilitarizing, not succumb to panic when hitlerian acts of force are multiplying ? Should a rapprochement with berlin be attempted or, on the contrary, should one remain aloof and rearm ? Can the religious persecutions of the third reich be condemned at the risk of seeing "catholic brothers" across the rhine undergo even greater harassment ? Is it possible, conceivable, to set off a conflict with its accompanying deaths and disasters (the memory of the first world war is still present in remarks made) in order to save "weak" austria, "little" czechoslovakia, "non-existent" memel ? These few examples show the difficult situations about which people in the moselle will react, worry, demonstrate. If the moselle population can sometimes have doubts, the journalists must reach decisions, choose, be affirmative, and all this while undergoing local and national political influences. Hate, or sympathy for, the front populaire still has repercussions. Parliamentary, and especially ministerial, fits and starts sometimes put the written press into annoying situations leading to feelings of impotence and, in reaction, the wish of certain journalists to see a strong government set up, one having an unwavering, firm policy. So many french and international events punctuate the period studied ! They will highly influence the evolution of public opinion. Other than the influence of the "leagues", the war in abyssinia, the war in spain, the franco-russian entente, british "appeasement", are all part of these marking events that have probably weighed on the thoughts and minds of northern Lorraine
Neira, Samanez Hugo. "Minorités politiques et lutte pour le pouvoir dans les premières décennies du Pérou contemporain (1895-1948) : étude des trois minorités actives et projets nationaux." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0101.
Full textThe third and most important - part of the thesis is devoted to APRA in Peru. Not the whole of the party, however, but only the elite of its founders and leaders in the "twenties and" thirties. The first tow parts deal worth the political elites before the apparition of aprisma, viz. The establishment in Peru from the end of the XIXth. Century to 1919, and the people in the wake of Leguia, the authoritarian and modern-minded despot, bet between 1919 and 1930. The thesis investigates each and every political and social group, the establishment, the "leguistas" and the "apristas". The characteristic phenomenon studies is that of active minorities and their limits. In each of the three cases studies are included the various intelligentsias which may or may not coincide with the prevailing group. The study also includes the description of the successive national projects which bear the stamp of positivism and marxism. Aprisma is studied from its beginnins as a "social movement" in the sense Alain Touraine gives to the phrase, before being a full-fledged political party. Those social movements of young anarchist, trade-unionist workers and intellectuals influenced by the university reform in the "twenties will build up and become a radical intelligentsia. “juvenile” is the characteristic of the period. (3rd part) if this thesis be true how did the aprisma become a party ? Hence its original character, the heterogeneous composition of its members and the need for internal hierarchy intensified in the "thirties by persecutions. The thesis shows the metamorphosis of the movement - party into a "political religion" in the sense Raymond Aron gives to the phrase, during the "thirties and "forties". Hence the study of the social atmosphere wich generates political charisme and authoritarianism
Bazenguissa, Rémy. "Histoire sociale du champ politique congolais : 1946-1991." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0091.
Full textMy sociological study of congolese political practices constitutes a historical account divided in six parts. I strove to show, for each period, how in their fight for power, the actors played differents trumps : the influences which they could prevail over religious circles, as well as military, political, and ethnical, their own capacity in mastering eloquence, and elegance, and finally, the valorization of their scholar diplomas, when they had any
Noll, Maria Izabel. "La construction du varguisme : l'ordre pour principe, le progrès comme fin." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0023.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of the construction of the brazilian national state between 1930 and 1945 and of the tensions which had appared during this period between the project of plitical centralization and the oligarchic federalism of the old republic (1889-1930). The research had concentrated, ont the one hand, on the political construction of the "varguismo" or national level and, on the other hand, the ideology sources that founded this politics. It deals both with Getulio Varga's intelectual upbringing and his experience in regional politics. He has gratuated from the free faculty of law of Porto Alegre before he had gone into politics through the republican political party from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (PPR) whose ideology base was the positivism of Augusto Comte. Going over his speeches, as well as his diary, it had been possible to disover the most outstanding traits of his political strategy after the Revolution of 1930. Vargas started the processes which led to nationalization of the politics, to the regional oligarchy control, the valorization of the military corporation as the factor of national unification without forgetting the politics of industrialization which the state had coordinated and the incorporation of the proletarian through the syndicates of the State owing to social integration
Chirio, Maud. "La politique des militaires : mobilisations et révoltes d'officiers sous la dictature brésilienne (1961-1978)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010654.
Full textNgono, Louis Martin. "La construction du vote en Afrique : le Cameroun aux urnes (1945-2000)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/gono_lm.
Full textAt the turn of the eighties and nineties, black Africa seemed to be engaged in a wave of democratization led by a favorable world time, and social mobilizations of varying scope according to the country. At a time when this process of democratization seems not to have led to the expected results, it remains in the case of Cameroon, the profound recomposition of public space and the transformation in depth of modalities of political action. Therefore, political power seems subject to the assault of critics and to the reactions of public opinion. Elections produce from here on out an effect of suspense and debates have the agonistic allure of challenges of wars of words which amplify the competition. The diversity of electoral consultations no longer guarantees the constitution of one homogenous political majority. The state appears more segmented between endowed institutions of a relative autonomy, there where a single party previously ruled. Certainly the rules of the game are not definitively fixed, but they lead to the movement of a political system that appears recently to still be stuck in the authoritarian order. If all of these changes place, from here on out, Cameroon under a regime of alternation, the research returns to a period that precedes the beginning of the process of these changes that will for a long time remain masked by the nearly mechanical effects of a political devalorization on the African continent and that coincides with the advent of the vote in this country. This work aims to put to light the ideological device of the exclusion of the indigenous masses from the political scene and the process of their integration by successive states into the electorate. Before the operations that express the objectification of the election process in Cameroon are treated, this study envisions first putting into evidence practices and representations that are at the root of behaviors in election matters. In this analytical crossing of a half of a century of election practice in Cameroon, a process clearly distinguishes itself which signifies the comprehension of democracy and translates at the same time the originality of African democratization which realizes itself more within the realm of reform than within that of revolution
Seggelke, Sabine. "Les stratégies de la communication politique des Présidents de la République : étude comparative depuis 1958." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4076.
Full textMy thesis pursues two goals: First, it inquires into one distinct institution, the French presidency, basing this investigation on a multitude of theoretical approaches. Second, the thesis is designed as an historical comparison in order to analyze the changing patterns in the interaction between the Elysée and the media since the beginnings of the Fifth Republic in 1958. This approach does not only insist on the incumbent and his decisions, but assumes that the relationship between politics and the media can be characterized as an essential power sharing. Methodically, the thesis relies on four techniques: First, a vast corpus of relevant literature was established which contains not only scientific research papers but also books of politicians, journalists and PR-consultants. Then, a qualitative press and broadcasting analysis was conducted. Finally, 21 semi structured interviews with politicians, political counselors, PR-consultants and journalists were conducted; a technique I already used for my Masters thesis
Enders, Armelle. "Pouvoirs et fédéralisme au Brésil (1889-1930)." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040083.
Full textThis thesis deals with the implementation of republic and federalism in brazil during the first republic (1889-1930). The prosopografic study of the brazalian political elites shows that the coffee planters do not dominate the state. Moreover, the political behavior of rio grande do sul, bahia, rio de janeiro and pernambouc, qualifies the idea of a sao paulo and minas gerais "hegemony" on the federation the leading part of the gaucho senator pinheiro machado, and his political propositions in order to organize the federation, are also emphasized
Dormagen, Jean-Yves. "Les administrations parallèles dans la configuration étatique italienne (1912-1956)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010270.
Full textHallez, Xavier. "Communisme national et mouvement révolutionnaire en Orient : parcours croisé de trois leaders soviétiques orientaux (Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Turar Ryskulov et Elbekdorž Rinčino) dans la consultation d'un nouvel espace géopolitique 1917-1926." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0168.
Full textThe subject of my phd is a compared biography of Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940), Turar Ryskulov (1894-1938) and Elbekdorž Rinčino (1885-1937). Through their life, I intend to recount the formation of the soviet system and his evolution from the first days of the 1917 russian revolution until the late tewenties. The geographical area of my work merges with the soviet controled territory and especially : Middle-Volga, Central Asia and Buryatia-Mongolia. The aim of my study is to highlight the structural and functional dimensions of soviet system, emphazing on the dynamics of its construction. The micro-historical approach of the biography helps to understand the society's and administration's internaI functioning, through personnal paths. The characteristic of my work is to involve mongolian and turkic regions and populations, whose issues are different from those of european Russia and of Russians. These kazakh, tatar, buryat and mongol populations are also related to different histories, due to their attachment to muslim, turkic and mongol realm. My study tends to seize the interactions of these elements
Pizard, Marianne. "L'éducation et ses problèmes en U. R. S. S. Et en Russie : de Khroutchev au début des années quatre-vingt-dix." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010602.
Full textSchools and education are an essential feature in the policy af any state. When it comes to the USSR, as they wanted to change society, the study of the school system and laws from Khruchtev till the beginning of the 90s i-e when the regime disappears, is indeed all the more interesting. The study of primary, secondary and polytechnical education vocational and technical education, higher education, as well as the study of teatcher training give us a complete picture of the school system in it, diversity and contradictions. The educational policy is part and parcel of the training and unification element of young soviets and at the same time its elitist touch is very clear throughout that period. In spite of the efforts to unify the training system to scool establishment seems to be shattered and ther's a great diversity in the training targets as well as in the means avaible especially in urban and rural areas, the teaching in russian ansd national languages in norussian speaking republics. Lastly, the temptation to use school as an basic element and seems to get stronger as the economic, social and political problems get more serious, is more and more opposed to by whole sections of society