Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique étrangère des Etats-Unis'
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Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad. "La politique étrangère des Etats-Unis dans le Golfe persique : 1945-1995." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO33005.
Full textClermont, Guy. "La communauté noire américaine et la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis de 1969 à 1979." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030060.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate to what degree black political emergence has allowed us blacks to influence american foreign policy. At the executive level, blacks are almost totally absent from the inner circles of power. However, the high number of black soldiers raises questions about the capacity of the united-states to intervene in certain areas of the world. Black leaders are strongly against military interventions abroad. At the congressional level, blacks have been very active (vietnam war, war powers act, panama canal treaties) and they have actively worked at the realignment of us policy towards africa. Andrew young was one of the main actors of this policy but black influence remains fragile as young's resignation proved it. Black groups lack the organizational capacity to influence us foreign policy. Their alliance with jewish and labor groups often work against their interests at the international level and exacerbate their divisions. The power of the black community lies in electoral politics on the condition that they are not prisoners of the democratic party; indeed, the black community is still searching for the best strategy to maximize the power of their ballots
Rabner, Joëlle. "Les protestants évangéliques et leurs alliés aux Etats-Unis : quelle influence sur la politique étrangère américaine ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0038.
Full textHow influent is the evangelical protestantism over american foreign policy? Evangelicals have established a lobby, in behalf of some well known evangelical pastors, not long after the enactment of the Civil Rights Act at the beginning of the seventies. Evangelicals traditionally more supportive of the democrats, chose therefore to give their votes to the republican party. Ronald Reagan, in close partnership with the neoconservatives, opened a space to the evangelicals while G.W. Bush while ruling the country, took into account their moral and religious considerations. Evangelical vote is a real issue for both parties in an election time. In the last decades, evangelicals have acquired an influent position in American politics along with their close allies, the neo-Conservatives and the Israël lobby, both of them defining a shared policy. On an international level, evangelicals along with neo-Conservatives are harsh defenders of Israel. Their partnership proved to be efficient, particularly concerning the enactment of the law International Religious Freedom Act ( Irfa) concerning religious freedom worldwide
Lamrani, Salim. "De Fulgencio Batista à Fidel Castro : Cuba et la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis 1956-1959." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040172.
Full textRelations between Cuba and the United States have been troubled for more than half a century, more precisely since Fidel Castro's arrival to power on January 1, 1959. This study concerns the regime of General Fulgencio Batista (1952-1958) and particularly the Cuban civil war - the twenty-five month period from the landing of Cuban revolutionaries led by Castro on December 2, 1956 to the flight of Batista on January 1, 1959. The analysis of this period is crucial to understanding the reasons for the emergence of a powerful movement in Cuba and the most radical political, economic and social transformation in the history of Latin America, which ended nearly sixty years of American hegemony over the Caribbean island (1898-1958). It also provides an understanding of the essence of the current bilateral conflict between Washington and Havana. U.S. intervention, both politically and militarily, in Cuban internal affairs in order to protect its own strategic and economic interests was the norm throughout Cuba's Republican era (1902-1958). The aim of this study is an in depth analysis of the foreign policy of the Eisenhower administration towards Cuba throughout the Cuban civil war, which primarily pitted Castro's 26th of July Movement and his allies against the Batista regime. Washington's persistent hostility towards Cuba twenty years after the demise of the Soviet Union illustrates the finding that bilateral relations between both nations can not be analyzed only through the framework of the Cold War
Bézias, Jean-Rémy. "Georges Bidault et la politique étrangère de la France, 1944-1948 (Europe, Etats-Unis, Proche-Orient)." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2002.
Full textGeorges Bidault (1899-1983) was the first Christian-Democrat to become a French foreign minister. He headed the Quai d'Orsay from september 1944 to july 1948, thus leading a policy whose main goal was to achieve national grandeur more than to enforce the basic principles defended by the political body he came from. Under the rule of General de Gaulle, he first defended very strict positions against Germany while favouring the balance of power between the East and the West. Later, progressively, he aligned himself with those positions of the USA and Great Britain. Yet, he managed to give a very personal touch to his treatment of foreign affairs. We can mention the moderate attitude (in sharp contrast with de Gaulle's) he adopted while handling the Levant crisis ; his determination to make political overtures to the Italian government ; the conviction that led him (from summer 1947 onwards) to direct the French foreign policy towards the foundation of European institutions - conceived as a solution to the German problem ; and his determinatioin to consolidate links with the USA
Saber, Hanna Youssef. "La politique étrangère égyptienne à l'égard des Etats-Unis : le rôle de l'Economie Politique dans la définition des enjeux réciproques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0010.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the examination of three major economic factors influencing Egyptian foreign policy towards the United States. These three factors are: US aid, foreign trade and investment. From these three axes of analysis, we can measure the degree of asymmetry of the Egyptian economy vis-à-vis the United States. This is done by introducing parameters, rather quantitative, which serve as indices to the degree of reciprocity or that of the unilateral dependence.This analysis will be complemented by other indicators, mostly political, which reflect the degree of subordination or independence of Egyptian foreign policy. Moreover, the thesis highlights the existing complex networks between the domestic actors of foreign policy in the internal field, by studying intrests' intersections of Egyptian foreign policy actors, according to a bureaucratic model. Accordingly, it is a matter of deepening these questions through combining the International Political Economy approach on one hand, and theories of Foreign Policy Analysis on the other hand, to prove to what extent the economic aspect of US-Egyptian relations makes interdependence practices mundane
Abouyoub, Younes. "Face à la Doxa : la mobilisation des arabes américains et la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen Orient." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070023.
Full textThis study focuses on Arab-Americans' political participation and their mobilization to influence U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East. I argue that Arab-Americans had to adapt gradually their political praxis to the "rules of the game" which ironically maintain them in a position of dominated subjects, since only actors whose discourse is legitimized by the social hierarchy can aspire to a political opinion. To become legitimate and be able to advance an alternative political discourse, Arab-American organizations ended up caving in to and interiorizing the established order and hence compelled themselves to a chronic inefficient political praxis. Through a thorough analysis of the endogenous and exogenous variables that characterize Arab-American political praxis, I establish that Arab-Americans are to this day unable to influence the formulation of U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East, a policy which has never been progressive or amenable to the Aspirations of third-world peoples, which in turn refutes the theory of the pro-lsrael lobby as the main factor behind U. S. Policy in the Middle East. Finally, as long as Arab-Americans do not seriously adopt an alternative discourse, as the only way to break free from domination, and in the absence of sound alliance with other dominated ethnic minorities, they will be condemned to a chronic inefficient political praxis
Bouhou, Kassim. "La politique étrangère américaine au Maghreb après la guerre froide [1989-2001]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030034.
Full textIn history, United States did not focus on North African issues. American leaders consider that this part of the world is under European influence, especially under French influence. The Second World War, decolonization in the 1950s and 1960s and the Western Sahara dispute in the 1980s are the periods during which American presence has been the most active. Yet, the Maghreb was not kept out the stakes and challenges facing the world in the 1990s. How did the Bush and Clinton Administrations consider the North African authoritarian regimes, socially weakened by endemic debts and unable to provide an alternative response to the popular call for Islamist parties ? In the making of American foreign policy, which actors are bound to the Maghreb region ? Which roles played the Congress, the media, the political parties as the Maghreb faced the booming of Islam as a political force ? Are there any interests of American parties or American political and economic clans in the Maghreb ? Are there any antagonist positions inside the Congress and the executive branch about the policy to conduct in the region ?
Pasco, Xavier. "Prise de décision et politique étrangère : le cas de la politique spatiale américaine." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010315.
Full textThis dissertation intends to give a better insight of the united states space policy by measuring the impact of the political debate on the concept of space policy. Beyond the official language used to describe the objectives of the space policy, it is necessary to reintroduce the interactions between the different actors, the influence of their own interests on the orientations of the space policy, whileit is also indispensable to evaluate the limitations posed by the political debate itself to their respective strategies. In this field, the political debate is driven as much by common norms as by larger stakes related to institutionnal conflicts specific to the united states political system
Bricet, des Vallons Georges-Henri. "L’entreprise de guerre au XXIe siècle : Les sociétés militaires privées dans la politique étrangère et la stratégie militaire des Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D001.
Full textIraq and Afghanistan Wars have seen a massive return of mercenary companies of a new genre. The Westernmercenaries have transformed in less than twenty years from craft structures, linked to the post-colonial politics ofgreat powers, to a professional and industrial stage that tends to a growing transnationalization of their activities.From the blunders of the famous Blackwater to the involvement of CACI’s employees in the torture scandal inAbu Ghraib prison, through the activities of the sprawling Aegis, private military companies, everywhere on thebattlefield, have marked and labeled the story of these major wars of the early twenty-first Century. Crucial fact:this is the first time in the history of U.S. military operations that we are witnessing a shift in the demographics offorces in favor of the private sector. Product of the permanent war economy and overseas branches of themilitary-industrial complex, these companies represent an unprecedented change in expression of U.S. militarypower. This mercenarization of the American way of war is now a structural trend of the foreign policy of theEmpire and could eventually revolutionize the face of the war. This thesis traces the history of these privatearmies, described the political conditions that led to the birth of this new market of war, and analyzes the scope ofthis sociopolitical phenomenon of globalization of private violence. This return of mercenaries on a large scale inthe foreign policy of the United States not only help to form a decisive hypothesis on the decline of Americanmilitary power but also on the socio-historical changes of the identity of the State monopoly of violence
Le, Chaffotec Boris. "L'exceptionnalisme dans la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis durant l'après Guerre froide, discours et pratiques (1989-2009) : discours et pratiques (1989-2009)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010638.
Full textThe idea of American exceptionalism has been the subject of many studies since the beginning of the 1990s. Usually criticized, sometimes praised but generally reified, it became a determinist concept creating a linear perspective of U.S. history since the Independence. Also, the necessity to question this simplistic invariance and to study exceptionalism as a social production evolving with its national and its international contexts is at the origin of this project. Also, this American exception cannot be considered only through a national prism since it mixes representations of the Self and the Other. Between domestic and global affairs, foreign policy, then, represents an excellent observation point of the construction of this American identity feature. The purpose of this dissertation is to question the concept of exceptionalism through the analyze of primary sources in order to have a better understanding of its meaning for the actors and to evaluate its impact on U.S. foreign policy during the post-Cold War years. Indeed, the North-American power had to redefine its international role and engagement whereas the international system knew a dramatic evolution. After a 20th century marked by global ideological conflicts, the United States championed a new world order standing for the universalization of liberal and democratic values. This deeply moral position, then, justified the U.S. engagement in a new fight between modernity and fanaticism at the end of the 1990s before its discredit in the wake of the military stalemates in Afghanistan and Iraq. The change of paradigm during the late 2000s also minimized the impact of the exceptional representation of the American Self on the making of U.S. foreign policy
Tournayre, Nadine. "Dominique de Villepin et le monde : visions et pratiques d'une politique étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030068.
Full textThis research analyses the making of Dominique de Villepin’s foreign policy - as decided by President Chirac – by studying in a first time the Minister personnality : so, how could an interaction be between his real-life, his own longings and the international context he had to face up? Head of French diplomacy from May, 2002 to March, 2004, he came into office in a transition period. Indeed, a consequence of 9-11 attacks was the process set up by the Bush administration, which would lead to war in Iraq, but to a serious crisis of international principles too. During Iraqi crisis, the Minister tried to defend law against strength, negotiation against some arbitrariness, dialogue between civilizations against clash of civilizations. At the same time, the Ivorian crisis has been one of the other stakes in D. de Villepin’s policy, who particularly promoted the role of regional organizations. International challenges were not the minister’s only sphere of activity : From the Convention for the Future of Europe to the constitutional referendum failure in France, from the former Eastern countries integration in EU to the limits of Europe matter, European construction was one of great stakes of his come by the French political stage. On that subject, we will analyze his policy reception, widening our remarks to America and to some countries of the European Union. At least, we would try to see what could be his theory of international relationship, which was developed both on the content – by developing new negotiation tools – and on the form, with all the importance devoted to word
Bae-Wan, Gong. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis vis-à-vis de l'intégration européenne." Nancy 2, 1993. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01777046.
Full textThe American force disposes at the end of the Second World War. The many resources which enabled him to help massively the European continent, and then the remains of the world non-communist. The affair in question for USA of restore in Europe a balance, had threatened by Soviet Union expansion. Where the proclamation of the Marshall plan on the economic plan, and on the military plan, the NATO has also for the objective to balance against the soviet force in Europe. But the Europe had found, since the 1960's, as economic power. And the European community has been progressed in a new phase. It would be, as a matter of fact, in the period of the tensions on mi understanding, since the 1970's, between the USA and the Europe. In addition, the Vietnam War had proved the limit of American force. The tensions USA - Europe had dilated on an all sectors of the cooperation, not for just on the trade traditional but also on the world chess - boord where the chofing could increase
Kpohazounde, Fifatin Grace. "Etude de l’évolution des tactiques et stratégies de la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis en Afrique subsaharienne depuis 1960 : des Peace Corps à AFRICOM." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100085.
Full textThe thesis of this work is to demonstrate the unavoidable shift towards a militarization of U.S. foreign policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa following the end of the Cold War beginning in the 1990’s, in order to protect and expand the capitalist interests of the United States in that region. A shift that evolves in parallel with the growing geopolitical importance of Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States (U.S.) --economically, politically and militarily. We study the cold-war and post-cold-war periods of US foreign policy, as two distinctly different contexts presenting unique challenges to the implementation of U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region traditionally under European influence. The first period is characterized largely by ideological warfare between the United States and the Socialist Bloc; while the post-cold-war period, reflects new political, economic and military interests for the U.S., more specifically the emergence of new economic partners in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a new competition for access to natural resources, as well as a new need for security form the terrorist threat. These developments required a re-assessment of America’s geopolitical interests in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this thesis, we will then analyze the impact of these evolving dynamics on the tactics, strategies and logistics of the US foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Are the objectives of US policy the same during the two periods? What constant aspects can be found and what mutations of the U.S. strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa? What new tactics have been developed and with what results have they been applied? What lessons can be learned from the recent history of U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Ricaud, Raphaël. "La public diplomacy des Etats-Unis : théories, pratiques, effets (1948-2008)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100143/document.
Full textThis three-part dissertation considers U.S. public diplomacy as a protean American Studies object. Part one is the creation of a theoretical apparatus to assist readers in their comprehension of how America projects its image abroad. The (too) many actors, authors and policy-makers involved in the shaping of American public diplomacy require the creation of a taxonomy. What is more, depending on academic focus, the meaning of public diplomacy varies. To make sense of this heterogeneous set, we choose to use propaganda as the master signifier tying together the different facets of public diplomacy. Part two is a practical study. Quasi hagiographic literature massages the reader into believing public diplomacy is of a virtuous nature. Yet four case studies (Truman’s Campaign of truth, Johnson’s Vietnam War, Reagan’s Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean and Bush 43’s so-called “War on Terror”) reveal the width of the gap that separates rhetoric from practice. Part three ponders the difference between supposed and real effects of American public diplomacy. Its most tangible achievement being the creation of a network of influential people and institutions to relay the American message abroad, one may wonder whether American Studies specialists unknowingly become propagandists themselves
Bourliaguet, Bruno. "L'AMGOT: CONTINGENCE MILITAIRE OU OUTIL DE POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26972/26972.pdf.
Full textHamizi, Maamar. "La crise algérienne dans les stratégies des puissances occidentales : France - Etats-Unis." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030089.
Full textIn the epoch of the globalization where interrelationship is strong, a national crisis appears as an international affair, what draws away the involvement of third States which become so, by their foreign policies of the decisive elements in evolution and existent of this crisis. To illustrate it, we are interested in Algerian crisis in strategies of western potency, across the analysis of the Algerian policies of France and the United States in political, economic and security domains
Belin, Célia. "Les chrétiens sionistes et la politique étrangère américaine à l'égard d'Israël : Contribution à l'étude des mouvements théologico-politiques en relations internationales." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020044.
Full textRicard, Serge. "Théodore Roosevelt : principes et pratique d'une politique étrangère." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10003.
Full textGeorgel, Pierre-Desmond. "Politique étrangère des États-Unis et politique pétrolifère de l'Aramco en Arabie Saoudite de 1943 à 1973." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030115.
Full textMovahhedi, Rouhollah. "La politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen-Orient après le 11 septembre 2011 : en particulier à l'égard de l'Iran (sous la présidence de George W. Bush)." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0098.
Full textAfter more than three decades from the Islamic revolution of Iran, this country became a further challenge for the United-States. In such a context, the objective of this thesis consists in studying the politic of the United States regarding Iran since the terroristic events of 11 September 2001. In this regard, we used the model of “Rosenau” in this thesis to identify the different factors contributing in the foreign politic of the United States regarding Iran and to determine the impact of each of these determinant factors. Based on this model, we considered the extern, social, governmental, role and individual sources. Among these sources, we focused respectively on extern source and on social and individual sources, considering their further impact on politic of the United States regarding Iran during the presidency of George W. Bush. Indeed, we believe that role and governmental sources have subsidiary impacts. Based on the studied sources, we interpreted that the impact of these determinants on the formation of foreign politic of Bush regarding Iran has resulted in the application of the strategy of multilateral economic, politic and security pressing as well as of a military attack menace against Iran. The objective of these strategies was to change the politic of Iran regarding different subjects. Further, the United States attempted to prepare the necessary basis for overthrowing the regime of Iran from its outside through the public diplomacy
Dol, Jean-Marie. "Les "moyens de pression économiques" : un instrument de la politique étrangère américaine." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE0032.
Full textLaronce, Cécile. "L'influence de Nkrumah dans la politique étrangère américaine : les États-Unis découvrent l'Afrique, 1945-1966." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010549.
Full textWhen independence reached sub-saharan Africa in 1957, this continent was still a mysterious entity for the american government. A fiew american missionary bodies and scholars had been interested in africa since the united states began. Since the 1930s, a small number of African scholars have migrated to the united states. One of them was kwame nkrumah. He was born in 1909 in gold coast, a british colony. Nkrumah got degrees from american universities, gained positions in the African liberation movement and assumed positions of leadership in his country on his return. The emergence in march 1957 of the new african state called ghana -the former gold coast- stimulated interest in numerous american officials and acquainted them with new problems and new countries spurred on by Afro-Americans. As a result, republicans and democrats found themselves increasingly committed to supporting african independence. But the united states was handicapped to some degree by the european suspicion about american involvement in new african states. The american government must proceed cautiously in africa seeking to dispel suspicion that it may be planning to establish spheres of influence and new monopolies and must seek to resolve the conflict between its desire to foster self-determination and self-government and that of maintaining its close relations with the nations that have joined it in the western european defense arrangements. For the american administration the emergence of africa remains a source of hope, skepticism, defeat and success sometimes. This significant development encouraged the beginning of solid relations between the United States and Africa
Pourahmadi-Meibodi, Hossein. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis vis-à-vis de la communauté européenne : 1985-1992." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9966.
Full textNayouf, Mamduh. "La politique étrangère américaine au Moyen-Orient après le 11 septembre 2001 (2001-20074)." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30011.
Full textThe September 11 attacks against the United States provided an opportunity to implement both approaches considered the cornerstone of a new policy or a big mutation named by specialists “the George Walker Bush Revolution in foreign policy ”: 2-The United states is at war against global terrorism (global war on terror); 2 - Their policy must be offensive, and be prepared to act pre-emptively and unilaterally if necessary, American power is the foundation of world order and the spread of democracy and freedom is the key of peace in the world. The Middle East is most concerned, particularly the most targeted by the war on terror. Historically, successive American administrations have followed a realpolitik based on the status quo, the United States rely on the assumption that the stability of autocratic and totalitarian regimes in the Middle East may at least, protect the national security of the United States. The Bush administration sees things differently, and acknowledges that the same regimes are part of the problem. It pursues a policy with two aspects adopted into the National Security Strategy of the White House: 1 - Security is a permanent struggle against the tyranny of rogue states and weapons of mass destruction (WMD); we must lead the response to this by using the most effective means. 2- The use of “hard power”. The objective of this research is to explain changes in U. S. Foreign policy in a specified period, to show whether the Bush administration will succeed in making suitable changes with traditional American interests, these interests will include: The protection of U. S. Economic interests in securing oil resources in the Persian Gulf; The support and protection of Israel; An alliance with authoritarian political regimes, but "moderate", a revisionist policy based on: The use of military force to get rid of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq; A change of regime for establish democracy; The principle of establishing a Palestinian state to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; The break with the regimes “sponsors of terrorism” such as the Syrian regime. The time frame covers the first term of President George W. Bush (2001-2004), focusing on the post September 11 2001. The study is written from French, English and Arabic sources. It is based on official statements, documents, interviews and articles. It takes advantage of the books considered as important references on the subject
Dagron, Stéphanie. "La neutralité permanente des Etats européens." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3017.
Full textCavanna, Thomas. "La politique étrangère américaine vis-à-vis de l’Inde et du Pakistan dans les années 1970." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0035.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to describe the main components of the American foreign policy towards India and Pakistan in the 1970s. This work is divided in four parts corresponding to the turning points of Washington’s regional diplomacy : The 1971 Indo-Pakistani conflict / The 1974 Indian nuclear test / The 1977 regime or leadership changes in the three countries / The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. For each of these components, the objective is to analyze the main determinants of the choices made by the Americans in the region, and to explore the mutual influence of Washington, New Delhi and Islamabad. The ambition of this work is to show the way the United States lost their credibility in both India and Pakistan and contributed to the destabilization of the Indian subcontinent, because of an extremely erratic policy (degree of implication in the area, choice of the local partners, means of influence) and because they often ignored or dismissed the very geopolitical realities of a region in which they had some interest only as far as the latter was a scene of the cold war global struggle for influence (rivalry with Moscow, rapprochement with China…). These flaws had important consequences in the long run, especially with respect to nuclear issues, the rise of Islamism, and the persistence of a feeling of impunity in the Pakistani ruling circles
Auran, Jean-François. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis en Afrique Australe de 1975 à 1995 : ses aspects-militaires, de l’indifférence indulgente, aux covert actions puis auCapacity Building." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30070/document.
Full textThe United States has been traditionally accused of having no real African policy. A period seems to avoid this statement because it was particularly rich in this domain. It is the period covering the years 1975 to 1995 and particularly the Southern Africa area. This foreign policy has however been fluctuating according to presidencies and influenced so much by the cold war and by the imperatives of national politics.After the collapse of the Portuguese empire, the United States have been taken by surprise in this strategic region in various areas. With the end of the Vietnam war, Cuba and the USSR launched an expansionist policy in Africa. These two parameters will create the conditions for a resurgence of interest of this region and give South Africa a key role when public opinions started to be more engaged against apartheid.The features and components of this policy, the decision-making process with multiple and varied actors are a particularly rich subject of study. What is the real part of the regional approach to a more holistic one? What are the specificities of Democratic and Republican administrations?At the military level, there has been some leniency towards the South African nuclear and biological program and the maintenance of the strong linkage between the military of both countries. The use of the CIA's covert operations, Mobutu’s Zaire support, NATO's involvement and the resistance of the frontline states are all aspects of this rich history
Gasimova, Esmira. "La politique étrangère de l'Azerbaïdjan entre grandes puissances et puissances régionales (1993-2003)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG014.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Azerbaijan policy between great powers and regional powers. Since its independence in 1991 the country of South Caucasus asserted its singularity. It sometimes confronts, sometimes cooperates with its neighbors. The key question is, therefore, how Azerbaijan can justify and possibly strengthen its presence on the international stage as it stands at the heart of great geopolitical and economic issues. Because of its location it is the center of rivalries between powers such as Russia, Iran and Turkey or the United States and the European Union. The country is compelled to a balanced foreign policy not to lose the support of either western or eastern partners. Baku also attempts to use the exploitation of Caspian oil in order resolve the crucial issue of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh
Millette, Charles-Antoine. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis à l'égard de l'Iran de la candidature à la présidence de Barack Obama." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5715.
Full textMansour, Camille. "La place d'Israël dans la doctrine stratégique des États-Unis." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010262.
Full textThe study aims at understanding the foundation of the special relationship between the U. S. And Israël and sets out to take it up through an instrumental relationality approach: is Israël a strategic asset or a burden for the u. S. ? The author starts by reviewing the various advocacies pertaining to the question on the internal american scene. He thus deals with issues such as the military services said to be rendered by Israël, the relationships between these services and the question of the arab-israeli conflict, oil and soviet influence, the idea of a u. S. Guarantee to israel and that of alliance. The debate between the opposing advocacies on these issues provides the author with conceptual tools that enable him to infer, in a second part, the u. S. Governmental doctrine from its practice during the last 40 years. Finally, in a third part, the author tries to explain the "why" of the doctrine. Are the reasons strategic instrumental, or do they lie in american internal demands? This leads him to inquire about the validity of imperilism, rational decision-making, interest as non-damage, pro-Israël lobby, U. S. Culture and ideology, as possible explanations. To conclude, he proposes a multiple-level explanation of U. S. -Israël special relationship
Eppreh-Butet, Raphaël T. Yaovi. "La gestion de l’immigration illégale aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique et au Canada : l’amnistie comme une solution au problème de la migration irrégulière." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030090.
Full textThe United States of America [Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986] and Canada [Adjustment of Status Program, 1973] resorted to amnesty in order to curb the growing complexities of illegal immigration. What was the impact of the legalization program, and the stakes relating to immigration in the United States and Canada ?
Bouzanda, Diassonama Kiesse. "Dimension militaire de la présence chinoise en Afrique noire : contribution à l’étude de l’outil militaire dans la politique étrangère des Etats." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30015.
Full textThe reinforcement of China presence in Africa particularly constitutes a remarkable event during the first decade of the twenty-first century. As the matter of fact, China has become an important partner in various domains of cooperation such as trade, military, culture…This is hereby the reason why this study is essentially based on the military dimension of China presence. This aspect is barely analyzed in comparison with those of the USA, France, and the USSR in the past. The study deals with the Chinese strategic Policy and the theories of international relations. It intends to decipher what is at stake, the ins and outs of the Chinese military Policy in a context where upheavals and strategic conflicts are pregnant (1960-2010). Moreover, the study will analyze different strategic choices that have been taken so far. This effort of analysis will not only concern China, but Africa will be fully taken into account as well. The reflection will stretch onto the analysis of decisions inherent to the foreign Policy, notably thanks to an approach that can be qualified as a ‘hybrid approach’, that is, a combination of a rational pattern and the bureaucratic approach of decision. Then, in the Chinese and African cases, the decision in foreign policy is not only the prerogative of the president, although he allegedly seems to be a pre-eminent actor. A lot of actors partake in the foreign Policy elaboration; these ones have real capacities to curb it either way
Al-Shaqsi, Sulaiman. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis vis-à-vis d'Oman : La difficulté de l'établissement d'une alliance militaire entre les deux pays de 1975 à 1979." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28760/28760.pdf.
Full textMühlenhöver, Emmanuelle. "Origines, fonctions et trajectoires de l'argument environnemental en politique étrangère : le cas des diplomaties électronucléaires françaises et américaines de Tchernobyl à La Haye." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0035.
Full textDieck, Hélène. "The influence of American public opinion on US military interventions after the Cold War." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0014.
Full textRecent qualitative studies of the relationship between public opinion and U.S. foreign policy put decisions into the following two categories: the President tends to lead or to follow public opinion; public opinion influences decision-making, constrains the decision, or has no impact. These studies typically research the initial decision to intervene, but fail to examine the subsequent decisions to sustain and win a war: financial and human means, conduct, objectives, duration, and communication. I argue that these elements of a winning strategy are impacted by concerns with public support at home. The impact of public opinion on the decision whether to use force is better understood when analyzing the compromise between the perception of anticipated public opinion and the necessities of a military campaign. Public opinion impacts the strategy, the timing, and length of an intervention, and inversely, those elements impact the anticipated public opinion and ultimately the decision to use force or choose a different course of action. The president can expect to influence public opinion and raise the acceptability of an intervention through various means. As a consequence, there is a back-and-forth process between anticipated public support for a given intervention and the consideration of the use of force. Contrary to the current literature, which tends to conclude that the president enjoys a substantial margin for maneuver, an analysis of post Cold War cases of interventions, limited interventions, and military escalations shows that anticipated public opinion limited the president's margin for maneuver and influenced not only the decision to intervene but also the military strategy and in the end, the result of the intervention. These findings contradict the realist paradigm for which only the structure of the international system matters and domestic politics are irrelevant in the study of international relations
Mirza, Muhammad Nadeem. "Determinants of the American Foreign Policy towards Pakistan." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10031.
Full textThis study intended to find out the factors or determinants that shape the American foreign policy towards Pakistan. Pak-US relations affect the lives of millions of the people around the globe, thus establishing the importance of the study. Pakistan holds a vital position with the American foreign policy dispositions because of: the ongoing war against terrorism, and the American grand designs in the South Asian region. Neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm, and the lenses of poliheuristic theory of decision-making were used for the conduct of the study. Two categories of the determinants of the American foreign policy towards Pakistan were pointed out. First, Individual and State level determinants, comprising the American national interest in the region, amoralism, domestic politics and actors, leadership, and democracy promotion in Pakistan. Second, determinants lying at Regional and International level of analysis, namely: the geostrategic importance of Pakistan, Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, power considerations, the Indian factor, Afghanistan and the War against terrorism. The study concludes that the endemic mistrust will prevail among the allies, but that its negative effects will be mitigated by the geostrategic considerations in the region
Doire, Vincent. "Le rapport de force normatif entre sécurité et droits de l'homme : une étude constructiviste de la politique étrangère américaine de droits humains pour la période 1941-1960." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26249/26249.pdf.
Full textBoutayeb, Mohamed Sghir. "Les relations de l'Égypte post-nassérienne avec les deux super-grands : la mutation politico-stratégique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010271.
Full textSégard, Pauline. "La négociation diplomatique dans une perspective constructiviste : Identité et refus de négocier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0090/document.
Full textThis thesis is a study of diplomatic negotiation’s representations and the way these representations impact the decision to negotiate. Through a comparative analysis of the American foreign policy towards the nuclear programs of North Korea and Iran from 1993 to 2012, the role played by representational practices in the acceptance and the refusal to negotiate is enlightened, as well as their role in defining negotiation’s terms.A constructivist discourse’s analysis of the Clinton, Bush and Obama administrations’ speeches allows to identify their security imaginary as an interpretative frame. American leaders grasped the complexity of North-Korean and Iranian nuclear issues through this interpretative frame and took action accordingly. However, the operationalization of their interpretations produced various practices regarding negotiation. The thesis challenges the identity consequences attributed to these practices by the American leaders for the United States, in terms of ontological security in the North-Korean case and in terms of maintaining the “we-ness” of the “international community” in the Iranian case. In doing so, the thesis suggests an understanding of the differences in the way the American administrations responded to North-Korean and Iranian nuclear issues as well as an understanding of their evolutions
Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
Full textFrom 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
Julien, Frédéric. "Le refus du Canada d’exporter de l’eau en vrac vers les États-Unis : une analyse discursive." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34151.
Full textJochaud, du Plessix Caroline. "La norme en Terre sainte : le système européen face à la solution de deux Etats (1973-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0036/document.
Full textIn this thesis we bring up the concept of European System in Foreign Policy (ESFP) as a pertinent tool to analyze the European Foreign Policy as it actually functions rather than as it should function. The ESFP – composed of the Member States’ foreign policies and the External action of the EU – highlights the dynamism of the European governance in foreign policy, which arises from the interactions between the agents of this system and their use of the European norms. Through the ESFP, we demonstrate that the EU’s common policy towards the two-State solution can be explained by the usages of the EU in foreign policy by France, Germany and the United-Kingdom – the EU3. These strategic usages are threefold: a functional or reflexive, a realist and a normative usage. We show that the adoption and the promotion of the two-State solution result from the way they seize upon the EU in order to cope with a difficult international context, since the Declaration of Copenhagen in 1973 to the vote at the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2012 concerning the new status of Palestine. The introduction and test of several foreign policy tools, as the position of special envoy in 1996, illustrate the functional usage of the EU. The normative and realist usages of the EU towards the Palestinians explain the adoption of constraining financial and political norms reflecting the common interests of the EU3. These same usages allow them to promote the recognition of the State of Israel on the one hand, and on the other hand, to privilege their strategic interests with Israel at the bilateral level through the expression of a political linkage at the community level
Delahaye, Claire. "Woodrow Wilson et le droit de vote des femmes aux États-Unis Entre pragmatisme et realpolitik sur la scène nationale et internationale." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030124.
Full textThe present work deals with the reasons why Woodrow Wilson decided to come out for suffrage and to support the Nineteenth Amendment, whereas he had refused to do so before January, 1918. Up until then, he was a champion of States’ rights. Spanning Wilson’s two terms, this thesis is grounded on historiographical and methodological premises originating from a political, economic, cultural and social analysis of the specific context under scrutiny. This will lead to confront two different historiographies: women’s history on the one hand, and presidential history on the other hand. This dissertation will contend that far from stemming from a cultural or personal change in Wilson’s perspective, the president’s evolution hinges upon national and international political factors. Power and politics are used as key concepts throughout the demonstration, seeing as their meaning varies substantially according to the prism of representation. As a result, the notion of representation also proves central, as it encompasses the specific viewpoints of both historians and historical protagonists on the events discussed as well as on the institutional framework of democracy
Laroche, Loïc. "Le Monde et les États-Unis de 1944 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H023/document.
Full textThe newspaper «Le Monde» gives testimony, and is almost an actor, of the French Republic and its relations to foreign partners, the most important and influential of which is the United States of America. On one hand we will look into the image given by this country throughout « Le Monde »’s articles. We will consider how the United States are being covered, the way they relate to the rest of the world, the way their economy is valued, their level of development, the description of their society and their people, the image given by their democracy and their power. On the other hand we will watch the acquaintances between the United States and « Le Monde »’s editorial staff in a broad way, that is journalists and directors, from its foundation along the seventy following years and the various US administrations, which will show how the successive directors of the newspaper and the main journalists have had a genuine knowledge and esteem for this country. We will also learn the way America is covered through the designing of the newspaper. We will see how the editorial staff and the american authorities intermate, the way the latter greet and convey informations in an attempt to influence, openly or not, «Le Monde»’s protagonists ans beyond this, how the directors of the newspaper are inspired by the United States and the american press. Last but not least, we will look into the editorial line «Le Monde» choses to refer to the United States. Three major periods will emerge, the first one of which corresponds to Hubert Beuve-Méry’s management with a longlasting concern ever since for financial and editorial independance. His successors will try to keep on with his heritage while America is dividing the editorial staff. After the fall of the Berlin wall the new generation will modify the vision « Le Monde » had of America whereas the digital technologies start revolutionizing the media
Revauger, Guilène. "Fonctions, pouvoirs et influences d’un acteur de la politique étrangère britannique : le Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1968-1985)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA037/document.
Full textThis research work is devoted to the study of a key British institution, its function and its organization, from the merger of the Commonwealth Office and the Foreign Office in 1968, until 1985.Of particular interest is the way the changing role of Britain in the world and international conflicts bear upon the functioning and the evolution of the FCO. The point is to assess to what extent the context influences the institution itself.British foreign policy seems to be mostly determined by the Foreign Secretary and the Prime Minister. It is therefore well worth gaging what the function of the FCO is, and its relationship with the holders of political power.The role of the FCO as one of the internal and external agents of British foreign policy is assessed here, through three cases: the internal reorganization of the service in 1968, the management of a crisis – the postponements of independence for Guiana from 1953 to 1966, and the failure of a negotiation in peacetime – the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea from 1973 to 1982.Beyond the internal functioning of the institution, this research work strives to offer an interpretation of the changes. The relationship between the FCO and the holders of political power, the real power and influence of the FCO are under consideration, in particular during key moments of particular significance for the institution
Karoui, Hichem. "La politique de l’administration républicaine du Président Bush au Moyen-Orient, à travers les conceptions et les réseaux des hommes politiques, des entrepreneurs, et des militaires [2000-2008]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030029.
Full textFor eight years [from 2000 through 2008], we were told repeatedly that what the Bush administration did and claimed [from the fight against the “axis of evil” to the campaign against international terrorism, and from the pre-emptive or preventive war to the “democratization” of the Middle East by any means, etc.], has its roots in the Neoconservative moral ideology seeking to “make the world better”, and “moralize” national and international politics, including a renewal of [conservative] American values and more an active commitment towards international issues. But in the light of the findings that we have been led to from our investigation, it becomes clear that contrary to what is widespread, it is neither moral ideology of the Neoconservatives nor the religious and messianic bloc allied to President Bush that guided his actions in the Middle East and elsewhere, but the economy. Indeed, the keys to the Bush policy in the ! Middle East are ideological only in appearance. In fact, they are to be discovered in the economic and financial interests that the administration has sought to defend, protect and acquire. These keys are to be found in money contributions that finance political campaigns. They are also those of big business, the American industrial and financial corporations, multinationals, lobbies and other pressure groups that dominate political life in the United States and the influence they exert on the Middle East policy
Le, Mat Jean-Pierre. "Rupture culturelle et continuité identitaire : Porto Rico face au changement de souveraineté de 1898." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20006.
Full textIn 1898, putting an end to four centuries of Spanish rule, the United States take possession of the island of Puerto Rico and start a process of profound transformation. The aim of the present study is to explore the aspects of a cultural contact. Part 1, visions and revisions of a foundation period, 1868-1898, is a general assessment of the situation of the island at the end of the 19h century. The feelings of national identity voiced by Puerto Rican patriots in the 20th century is largely based on the idea that Puerto Rico had acquired a distinct and valuable identity before 1898. It is useful to assess the validity of such claims. The stress is laid on the diversity of images of the island at the end of the 19th century. It appears that Puerto Ricans felt a strong attraction towards the United States. Part 2, cultural problems in the new colonial environment, 1898-1930. Focuses on the reactions of Puerto Ricans to their new situation, on their attitudes to modernity and tradition. The results of three decades of intense + americanization ; seem rather limited. Are those limitations due to inertia ? To cultural resistance ? Could the approach by the united states have been wrong ? A strong national movements gathers strength during the period 1898-1930. It is led by polititians and writers who express the need to preserve and develop a specific puerto rican identity rooted in the past. Is this merely a reaction of the local elites who see their power threatened or does it mean that the people of Puerto Rico have deeply felt the need to preserve their cultural integrity ?
Perry, Susan. "La politique chinoise des etats-unis : 1989-1997." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0066.
Full textThis doctoral thesis presents an analysis of sino-american relations from the period immediately following the tiananmen massacre to "normalization" in 1997, signaled by chinese president jiang zemin's visit to the united states. Special emphasis is placed on trade as the focal point of bilateral relations during this period. The organization of the thesis is thematique, and covers the following four areas of sino-american dispute : mfn status for china, bilateral accords on intellectual property rights and market access, china's membership in the gatt and the omc, and the weapons trade. A discussion of american concerns such as human rights, economic security and clinton's "constructive engagement" policy highlight the analysis. The author concludes that while "constructive engagement" could be further pursued in the realm of regional security, clinton's policy has done little to improve the human rights situation in china or to diminish china's chronic trade deficit with the united states. Despite normalization between the two nations, trade and security relations will remain strained as china struggles to adapt her own capacities to the economic realities of the coming century
Bassil, Charbel. "Politique monétaire et changement structurel aux Etats-Unis." Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0486.pdf.
Full textThis thesis summarizes first the econometric theory of unit root tests whether it allows or not one or multiple structural breaks. These tests are then applied to a set of U. S. Macroeconomic series. Then we extend the analysis to the multivariate model, such as a VAR, to examine the stability of the propagation mechanisms of a contractionary monetary shock. Thus, we will consider the possibility of multiple breaks at unknown dates. The relevance of this extension will be considered in light of the analysis of U. S. Monetary policy since the early sixties. Initially, we consider two structural models, in which we identify a Taylor rule. In the first model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the current inflation rate as endogenous variables. In the second model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the expected inflation rate as endogenous variables. This should firstly help to assess the effects of monetary policy change on the output gap and the two U. S. Inflation rates, and secondly to compare the effectiveness of the American monetary policy between different periods. In a second step, we consider the same models but this time we assume three shocks estimated simultaneously, a demand shock, a supply shock and a monetary shock. This should help us to identify the sources of fluctuations in the variables in interest