Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique fiscale – Pays en voie de développement – 1970-'
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Gadenne, Lucie. "Trois essais sur les finances publiques dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0047.
Full textThe first chapter uses a novel panel dataset of tax revenues and government expenditures in developing countries to investigate wether countries are able to recover the lost tariff revenues due to trade liberalization through other taxes. We use the intuition that pre-existing tax capacity is needed to levy domestic taxes to explain theoretically why some countries are unable to recover all tax revenues lost from lovering tariffs. We provide some empirical evidence in line with the model's predictions. The second chapter documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. We find some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of high procyclicality during the 1980s and 1990s. The final chapter shows that local governments are more accountable when a larger of their resource comes from local taxes. I compare how local governments in Brazil spend increases in tax and transfer revenues and find that an increase in local tax revenues leads to a bigger increase in local public services (health and education) than an increase in transfers of the same amount. Moreover extra transfer revenues lead to more corruption, extra tax revenues do not
Fauvelle-Aymar, Christine. "Analyse positive de la politique fiscale." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010005.
Full textThis thesis propounds a positive analysis of tax policy which embodies political and economic determinants of taxation. Both theoretical and empirical, this work concerns the whole developed and developing coutries. The first part deals wit governmental behaviour and the second part with the study of public policies. Chapter 1, which analysis the behaviour of a government whose objective is to maximise tax revenue, examines the economic and financial aspects of taxation and the problem of administrative constraint. Chapter 2 describes the main positive models of tax policy (where governemental objective is to ensure his political survival) and studies the effect political constraint on governmental tax choices (i. E. The redistributive consequences of taxation, the problem of tax counterpart). In chapter 3, we propose a model of governement which accounts for both economic and political determinant of taxation and which is aplicable to any economic system and any political regime. In this model, the objective of the governement, constraints by his political environment, is to maximise his discretionary surplus, which corresponds to th of financial means that can be used in complete political autonomy. Chapter 4 deals with fiscal and political repression policies as well as with persuasion policy which aims at modifying way taxpayers view the levying policy (by creating fiscal illusion). Chapter 5 analysis redistributive actions governeme takes in order to increase his political support (electoral and partisan policy). It also includes study of interest gro influence. The final chapter (chapter 6) proposes a cross section analysis concerning 67 developing coutries. This empirical study scrutinizes the effect of the political capacity of a government (measured by the degree of political instability, the f of opposition movements) on its fiscal capacity (tax level and structure)
Gautier, Jean-François. "Réformes fiscales et comportement de fraude : une taxe optimale pour les licornes?" Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090051.
Full textBoukhris, Leïth. "La politique des dividendes en pays en voie de développement, cas de la Tunisie : théories et pratiques." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090004.
Full textIn our thesis, we attempt to analyses, to what extent, in the context of the Tunisian economy, the dividend policy may be an development instrument able to conciliate the often conflicting interests between firms and savers, and the effectiveness of its role in the evolution of the financing system of the economy towards a predominance of direct finance and capital stock. This point of view has leaded us to: -analyses the dividend policy in Tunisia through the evolution of financial theory. Study the relationship between the dividend policy and the state of the capital market. - combine the components of the Tunisian fiscal system with a financial analysis of the dividend policy
Wane, Waly. "Taxation optimale dans un contexte de pauvreté, fraude fiscale ou corruption." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10026.
Full textThis thesis tackles three important problems for the developing world, namely poverty, tax evasion and corruption. The thesis is organized around three distinct chapters. The first chapter introduces poverty concerns in a mirrleesian optimum income taxation framework. Poverty, measured by any given index, is considered as an aggregate negative externality. Individuals may have different degrees of aversion to poverty. The optimal non-linear income tax schedule displays interesting features as the negative marginal tax rates (at least) at the lower end of the distribution of incomes. The poor are therefore induced to work hard in order to reduce the burden supported by the rest of the society for poverty alleviation. Even with negative marginal tax rates it is still possible to restore the classical no distortion at the endpoints result. One must then no longer consider individual but social distortions. The second chapter introduces tax evasion by assuming that income is observable only through a costly audit. The study is done within the finite economy framework which allows correlated individuals' characteristics. It is possible to show that any first best allocation is implementable by using a generalized tax schedule a la piketty (1993) with a generalized audit strategy. However, only a subset of the first best pareto frontier is implementable by replacing the generalized tax schedule by a classical one. In contrast to the tax evasion literature, at the equilibrium, nobody is audited and everybody except the most able evades some amount. Finally, corruption is dealt with in the last chapter. The problem at hand is one of a tax agency which objective is to maximize tax revenue. The agency needs to hire inspectors in order to collect the citizens' tax liabilities. The inspectors have to exert a costly and unobservable effort to assess the true income of any citizen. This introduces a moral hazard problem. There is an adverse selection problem on top of that since inspectors are either honest or corruptible and this is private information. An optimal remuneration scheme can be such that no honest inspector is hired
Makaou, Mahamane. "Politique de change et performances de croissance dans les pays en développement : analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA123003.
Full textThis work assesses the contribution of the exchange rate policy to growth and its effect on the investment and export rates. The exchange rate policy is successively defined as the depreciation of effective nominal and real rates, as the monetary under-valuation resulting or not from the Balassa effect, and as the misalignment generally caused by unsustainable macroeconomic policies. The study concerns 83 developing countries of subsaharian Africa, north Africa, the Middle East, Asia and latin America over the 1970-1995 period. The effect of the exchange rate policy on growth is analyzed using the convergence model (Mankiw-Romer-Weil, 1992) : besides the other determinants of growth, the different kinds of exchange rate policy indicators are introduced. The models are then estimated using the method of panel data series on a fixed effects procedure. The estimations reveal an under-valuation on the real exchange rates in most african countries but then justified by the Balassa effect, whereas asian countries deliberately under-value their exchange rates. The north african and middle east countries have a level of exchange rate in accordance with their development level. The results also reveal an over-valuation resulting from variations in the terms of trade and from foreign capital inflows, particularly in the 70s. The nominal depreciation has a negative effect and appears to have threshold effects tied to growth, whereas the Balassa residual and the misalignment indicator have positive effects on growth and also on investment and export rates
Tranchant, Jean-Pierre. "Essays on Fiscal Decentralization, Institutions and Ethnic Conflict." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/43/85/PDF/These_J-P_TRANCHANT.pdf.
Full textBanto, Jean michel. "Microfinance, growth and monetary policy : an empirical analysis using panel data from developing countries." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE019.
Full textFirstly, this thesis examines the relationships between monetary policy and microfinance on the one hand and economic growth and the microfinance sector on the other. Our results show in the first case that the rates of non-commercial microfinance institutions (MFIs) are less sensitive to monetary policy than those of commercial MFIs. This result can be explained by the possibility that commercial MFIs have greater access to bank financing than non-commercial MFIs. As for the second case, we find that microfinance affects economic growth through the transmission channels of consumption and investment. Then, we analyzed the impact of governance indicators such as the number of people on the board of directors, legal status and prudential ratios on the financial and social performance of MFIs first and then we examine the effect of capital structure on microcredit activity in the short, medium and long term. With regard to governance, we find that MFIs with "public limited company" status generate higher profit margins than mutual and cooperative savings and credit institutions (IMCEC). As for the work on the capital structure, we note that loans to low-income populations are refinanced by bank loans, the consequence of which is the increase in the lending rate. Finally, we note that MFIs that refinance themselves through deposits have a higher lending activity than those that refinance themselves through bank loans
Sawadogo, Régis Signaon. "State capacity and endogeneous economic growth." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0520.
Full textState capacity refers to the ability of a state to fully and efficiently play their role (North, 1990; Williamson, 2000). This capacity is a key determinant of economic outcomes. According to neo-classical growth theory, state capacity key in providing develloping countries with a favorable economic environment. A good quality of institutions, efficient gestion of natural ressources and public goods and infrastructure provision (Barro 1990). Yet in many develloping countries poilical and economic power is in the hands of a minority that controls and disputes political and/or economic power sources. This is a source of rent-seeking activities and corruption. This thesis aims at investigating the role of corruption on long run economic growth. The first chapter provides a new analysis of a possible reason why foreign aid may fail to promote growth. We argue that monitoring aid is the key element in determining its effect on growth. The second chapter focuses on the natural resource curse. We fund that the abundant endowment in natural resources of the latter lead to the accumulation of political capital at the expense of human capital, while scarce resources created the incentives for the former to invest in education and leap-frog the rich African economies. The third chapter adds to the literature seeking to understand why England preceded France in the industrialization process. Our argument is that Britain's more progressive fiscal system was anelement that fostered industrialization. Using data that dates back to the 15th century for the two countries, we show that a lighter fiscal burden on the lower class in England favored faster growth compared to France
Tialati, Abdelkader. "Le droit fiscal international et les pays en voie de développement : le cas des pays arabes : contribution à l'étude juridique du nouvel ordre fiscal international." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10016.
Full textDiarra, Emmanuel. "La politique fiscale dans les Pays en voie de développement : approche structurale et macroéconométrique : étude du cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE004.
Full textAttila, Gbewopo. "Corruption, fiscalité et croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486440.
Full textSalmon, Jean-Michel. "Chômage et politique économique dans les petites économies insulaires en développement : théorie et application à La Barbade, Trinidad et Tobago et l'Ile Maurice." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010008.
Full textThe small island developing countries (SIDC) have a small population of less than one million inhabitants and a small area. The long distance to the main economic markets and the characteristics of insularity lead to a costly accessibility. The conjunction of small size and bad accessibility brings about stynergetic effects at the orign of specific structural features of SIDC. For example, the small volume of production prevents the gains associated with scale economies ; a strong openness with high concentration of exports ; specialisation in tradable services. . . The growth impact of these particularities is not clear: the growth rate of SIDC is not inferior to that of other developing countries, and most often they belong to the middle income range. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of economic policy in SIDC is subject ot some limits : in particular, structural unemployment is very high in most islands. The aim of our analysis is to find out the determinants of unemployment in these islands. The recent theories of unemployment in developed countries and the treatment of employment in the development litterature are surveyed. An econometric model with autoregressive vectors is applied to the dynamics of the init cost of labor and the employment in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritus. It is shown that in small income SIDC, the economy can follow the first stage of export-led development. In higher income SIDC, the high level of wages prevents this strategy, and growth can be explained by services exports or primary rent exports, and influenced by strong keynesian forces
Mohamed, Taha Inas. "L'interventionnisme fiscal : impôt et investissement direct étranger dans les pays en développement : Le cas de l'Egypte." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND020.
Full textThis research focuses on the elaboration of Egyptian fiscal policy in favor of Foreign Direct Investment and adaptation of the tax system with global competitiveness. As a notion of private origin, competitiveness seems to be the short-term goal for the country to achieve the level of economic growth needed to achieve its long-term development. A country should be able to direct private capital to strategic sectors under a development plan, especially in developing countries. Due to weaknesses of the domestic resources in developing countries, foreign capital, especially that directed towards direct investment projects, is fundamental. Since 1952 and until 1970, economic policy in Egypt had a socialist Nasserite bias and taxation was not considered as an important tool for state intervention. In 1971, Egypt adopted a liberal economic ideology, thus recognizing the significance of foreign private capital and taxes in the Egyptian economic policy. Egypt hence followed the market economy, and joined a large number of international and regional agreements, which have limited the tools of state intervention without being obstacle to the free movement of capital, goods and services. Such liberal ideology allows the fiscal tools to have an important status in the state's intervention. The orientation of FDI to strategic sectors depends on the fiscal sovereignty of the state through tax laws. This research traces the development of Egyptian taxation and tax incentive policy of FDI, while explaining the benefits and limitations of using fiscal instruments. The decision to relocate foreign investors in a hosting country depends not only on the tax component but also the favorable economic environment in the country. This context is influenced by the tax system as a whole but also the social and political climate. Egyptian tax policy must strike a balance between rendering profit of private capital and the development plans. For developing countries, in addition to financial support, FDI is important in transferring technology and creating employment, which can improve the economic environment and attract more FDI. A developing country should plan its policy towards FDI by establishing strategic objectives that correspond with improving its economic environment. This is an improvement in increasing the country's attractiveness to FDI. Aforementioned position is also illustrated in IMF recent decision to alter its ideology regarding its fundamental rule of free migration of capital. Stating that control of capital flows is necessary and that unconditioned freedom of capital flows may present a risk especially for countries whose economies are already in trouble
Kouame, Noël Faustin. "Les prix de transfert dans les transactions des entreprises multinationales : Exemple de l'industrie du café et du cacao en Cote d'Ivoire-aspects juridiques, fiscaux et économiques." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090050.
Full text“Transfers pricing are a kind of ‘croquemitaine’ which frightened both states tax services,-seen as an outflow of the tax basis to another countries, and multinational companies. When the multinational companies intend to establish a price to their internal trades, they can’t help asking the ritualistic question: “wouldn’t we have a tax adjustment based on the internal prices?” The answer is most of the time elusive, with phrases like: “it depends on the actual circumstances!” Anyway. It is swimming in uncertainty and this tax insecurity, more specifically; this legal uncertainty in tax matter has been a concern for more than a country. Grouped in the OECD, some of them have felt the need to seek a generally accepted standard that could value the internal flows as fairly as possible. This standard, commonly called “arm’s length principle” tends to reconcile two stands sometime contradictory between the tax services and the multinational companies. The main question raised by our study was whether the means and procedures identified by the OECD would be applicable, given the particular context of developing countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. From the example of the industry of coffee and cocoa, in which the country is the world leader in terms of exportation, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the Ivorian tax system - including Article 38 of CGI, three-quarter century old – which had been a success in the past, seems now obsolete, outdated or even inappropriate to the challenges of a this globalized economy. The strict legal analysis of the internal-trade valuation issues should necessarily give way to an economic analysis of law, less dogmatic and more pragmatic. Therefore, it would be entitled to see a change of rules and procedures for verifying the price, to shift from a post and downstream control to an ‘a priori’ and upstream control, guarantee of security for the Country, businesses and by extension, international investment. "
Troudi, Mohamed. "Les tentatives d'unification du Maghreb." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010266.
Full textThe Maghreb's nations aspire all together to a legitimate unity. Numerons elements argue, in fact, for this unity. Among them there is geography and, especialy the history of a comman civilization which contribute towards unity and community attitudes. Other arguments take sense of the contemporary national aspirations and the necessities of economic development. In fact, unity is a psychological truth deephy rooted into the colective memory of the Maghreb's nations. Evenmore, it is an ideal which mobilize the people's enthusiasm more than the dream of an arab unity from the atlantic ocean to the gulf. Nevertheless, inspite of these unifyning arguments rarely put together elsewhere, unity is still out of reach due to ideological, cultural and politico-economic divergences. The hope of a unified Maghreb is stimulated by the creation of the u. A. M ( the united of the arabic Maghreb ). This achievement is made possible by the crucial psychological evolution of the governers of the different states of the Maghreb. The amassing faitures of the unity dream have made them aware of the reality. In short, in the heart of men and women there is a birth of a unified Maghreb without wars nor frontiers, nor nationaliste tendencies
Tumi, Salaheddin. "Les déterminants des IDE et leur impact sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement. Le cas des pays du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030021.
Full textThe quest for progress towards economic development in the countries of the South has increased competition between these nations in the last two decades, as they each try to attract the largest volume of FDI. This competition has become a race to the bottom due to the increased difficulties in obtaining credit. Many developing countries have attempted to attract FDI. Some have been less successful than others, in this regard; however this did not prevent a second group of countries undertaking the same policy. The decision makers seem to be convinced that FDI is the engine of development and the main question in this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of FDI, its mechanisms and determinants. The second question is an assay to establish a link between FDI and economic growth. Our work classifies countries into five zones with an emphasis on the Maghreb and the Middle East. We show that to be attractive for FDI; a country should be politically stable, with adequate infrastructure, effective institutions and an educated population. Natural resources and bilateral investment treaties are decisive factors for the attraction of FDI. In addition, there are biases specific to certain regions. The Maghreb and the Middle East suffer from negative biases that are preventing this zone from attracting FDI. We try to explain and analyze the causes of this limited volume of FDI received. On the link FDI-growth, we found that FDI does not begin to have a positive effect on growth until there is a certain threshold level of human capital in the population
Aglaé, Marie-Joseph. "Fiscalité et intégration dans le C. A. R. I. C. O. M : Caribbean Community an Common Market." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010262.
Full textA comparative approach of inland taxation in CARICOM allows to emphasize the differences as regards tax on profts, and disparition in sales taxes. This approach also suggests the extension of coordination of fiscal policies of member states beyond the agreement on harmonization of fiscal incentives to industry. The states of the region that belong to the category of developing countries, may claim, in the scope of double taxation agreement with capitals and knowledges exporting countries, a large power to tax for the contracting state in wich the incomes are produced. The importance of exchanges between the Caribbean and United States of America induice the CARICOM countries to adopt a common position concerning the American fiscal policy in this region. In the sphere of the community, the double taxation agreement between more developed countries on the one hand less developed countries on the other hand, and the setting up of such treaties at a subregional level must take into account the situation of less developed countries, and favour the flows of exchanges in the common market
Bokilo, Julien. "La stratégie de l'enracinement et ses conséquences sur le développement en Afrique, le cas de la Chine au Congo." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0111.
Full textThe transition, from an economic system based on autarky and central planning to a market system, has turned China into a communist country capitalism oriented, in which coexist billionaires and hundreds of thousands of laborers. To run this massive economic engine, China has developed and deployed a local implementation strategy in the African continent (as it provides access to raw materials) and has introduced this new collaboration as equally beneficial for each partner, in the words "win-win". The following report proposes to analyze the relevance of this economic exchange in the context of South-South asymmetric cooperation, bringing special focus on the case of Congo - Brazzaville since 1964. The ambition of this study is, on the one hand, to help the leaders of developing countries to improve their economic cooperation with developed or emerging countries and, on the other hand, to contribute to the debate on asymmetric exchange and its dynamics in economic cooperation between rich and poor countries. The challenge is to demonstrate the asymmetrical nature of trade between China and Africa and, particularly in the case of Congo, to point out the discriminating factor of the exchange: the lack of technology transfer and service clauses in most of the agreements and contracts signed between the Congo and China - while China imposes these specific clauses in the contracts signed with deve10ped countries, as in the purchase of Airbus aircraft. We will strive to understand how the transfer of technology influence the cooperation between the countries, bearing in mind that in the era of globalization, technology should play a major role in economic exchange
Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Full textThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
Alouko, Ange Thierry. "La politique étrangère de Willy Brandt." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030008.
Full textWilly Brandt, chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), from 1969 to 1974, has certainly marked Germany’s history post-war period by his Ostpolitik, the Détente’s policy between East and West and the policy of relations’ normalization between the FRG and the Soviet bloc. But his political career has had many experiences and a variety of commitments at international level. Willy Brandt, as an European, who believes in the FRG’s integration into the West, is also the protagonist of the opening to the East and the advocate of the Third World’s development
Ehrhart, Hélène. "Essays on tax revenue composition in developing countries." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068978.
Full textBalima, Weneyam Hippolyte. "Essays on economic policies and economy of financial markets in developing and emerging countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD024/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on some critical issues of the access to international financial markets in developing and emerging market economies. The first part provides a general overview of the macroeconomic consequences of one of the most market-friendly monetary policy regime—inflation targeting—using a meta-regression analysis framework. The second part analyses government bond market risk and stability. The last part investigates the disciplining effects of government bond market participation—bond vigilantes. In Chapter 1, the results indicate that the literature of the macroeconomic effects of inflation targeting adoption is subject to publication bias. After purging the publication bias, the true effect of inflation targeting appears to be statistically and economically meaningful both on the level of inflation and the volatility of economic growth, but not statistically significant on inflation volatility or real GDP growth. Third, differences in the impact of inflation targeting found in primary studies can be explained by differences in studies characteristics including the sample characteristics, the empirical identification strategies, the choice of the control variables, inflation targeting implementation parameters, as well as the study period and some parameters related to the publication process. Chapter 2 shows that the adoption of inflation targeting regime reduces sovereign debt risk in emerging countries. However, this relative advantage of inflation targeting—compared to money or exchange rate targeting—varies systematically depending on the business cycle, the fiscal policy stance, the level of development, and the duration of countries’ experience with inflation targeting. Chapter 3 shows that remittances inflows significantly reduce bond spreads, whereas development aid does not. It also highlights that the effect of remittances on spreads arises in a regimes of lower developed financial system, higher degree of trade openness, lower fiscal space, and exclusively in non-remittances dependent regimes. Chapter 4 indicates that countries with credit default swaps contracts on their debts have a higher probability of experiencing a debt crisis, compared to countries without credit default swaps contracts. It also finds that the impact of credit default swaps initiation is sensitive to several structural characteristics including the level of economic development, the country creditworthiness at the timing of credit default swaps introduction, the public sector transparency, the central bank independence; and to the duration of countries’ experiences with credit default swaps transactions. Chapter 5 shows that bond markets participation encourages government in developing countries to increase their domestic tax revenue mobilization. Finally, it finds that bond markets participation improves the mobilization of internal taxes, compared to tax on international trade, and reduces their instability. Chapter 6 shows that the presence of domestic bond markets significantly reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries. This effect is larger for inflation targeting countries compared to non-inflation targeting countries, is apparent exclusively in a non-pegged exchange rate regime, and is larger when there is a fiscal rule that constrains the conduct of fiscal policy. Finally, it finds that the induced drop in inflation rate and its variability, nominal exchange rate variability, and seigniorage revenue are potential transmission mechanisms through which the presence of domestic bond markets reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries
Ferry, Marin. "Four Essays on Financing for Development." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED065/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at investigating empirically the effects of two financing strategies for low-income countries; debt relief and taxation. The first three chapters focus on the consequences of debt relief for public finance and new external financing. Results show that cancellations granted under the multilateral debt relief initiatives have been beneficial for recipient countries by significantly improving the composition of their budget and widening financing opportunities. However, findings also underline the risk of moral hazard stemming from these initiatives which thus calls for continuous sound fiscal management, especially after debt relief. Lastly, the fourth chapter revisits the taxation-growth nexus adopting a macro-micro approach. Using firm-level data in developing countries our findings suggest that taxation is favorable to firms' activity, especially when firms operate in poor countries characterized by a significant lack of infrastructure. Moreover, this effect of taxation seems to be maximal in the absence of corruption, hence reaffirming the need for healthy and enabling economic and political environments in developing countries