Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique monétaire et budgétaire'
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Tapsoba, Sampawende Jules-Armand. "Intégration monétaire africaine et changements structurels : commerce, partage des risques et coordination budgétaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_129.
Full textA single currency and a single central bank are official and political objectives of African states. During the last decade, several African regional economic communities have declared their intention to work towards regional monetary unions and regional currencies. In line with this new political interest, an important literature on the suitability of African monetary integration has also emerged. Most of analyses cast a doubt on the optimality of African monetary unions: in spite of potential benefits, the costs would be sizeable because of the magnitude of asymmetric shocks and the lack of stabilization mechanisms. Therefore, the real challenge is the analysis of policies that guarantee nets benefits of monetary integration to African countries. This is the problematic of the present thesis. The dissertation analyzes in which extent, African states involved in actual or prospective monetary integration could address the issues of asymmetric shocks and stabilization mechanism. In order to do so, we choose to focus on three structural changes in policies related to the adoption of monetary unions: trade, risk-sharing and fiscal policies. The thesis is organized as follows. The first chapter provides an overview on issues developed in the dissertation. It presents a panorama of past, actual and prospective African monetary integration. It also describes the situation of African states vis-à-vis the theory of optimal currency areas. The second chapter studies the impact of African trade intensification on the correlation of business cycles. The third chapter examines the African consumption smoothing channels that could work as stabilization mechanism in monetary unions. The fourth and last chapter investigates the consequences of multilateral fiscal rules in monetary unions on the stabilization properties of African fiscal policies. The results of various chapters suggest that the structural change considered in this thesis, do not overturn the negative assessment of African monetary integration established by the existing literature. The main policy implication of the dissertation suggests in Africa, that monetary integration and economic integration should be complementary. On the one hand the monetary integration stimulates process towards the economic integration (trade, finance and sectoral policies integration) and on the other, economic integration improves conditions for the adoption of monetary unions. African states must put efforts in all dimensions of integration
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Cavalier, Bruno. "Politique budgétaire et coordination des politiques de financement." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020045.
Full textAfter a survey of standard macroeconomic analyses of public debt (chapter 1) and government expenditures (chapter 2), part one deals with ricardian equivalence and endogenous growth models with public services. Part two studies government dynamic budget restraint. In chapter 3, rules of sustainability are derived, and then tested on quarterly data from 1960 to 1996, in the cases of usa, france, germany, united-kingdom and italy. Most of the results reject sustainability. In chapter 4, a model of public debt repudiation is analysed under rational expectations. Part three considers fiscal policy and monetary union in europe. In chapter 5, a model of total seigniorage is developped. In chapter 6, seigniorage collection and fiscal sustainability are analysed for a small country joining a monetary union. Chapter 7 considers fiscal rules in the treaty of maastricht
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Zumer, Frédéric. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et stabilisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0032.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to identify the conditions requisite for the successful operation and survival of a monetary union. The fiscal instrument being the only one available for the purpose of stabilization, it is fiscal conditions which we must consier. The theoretical foundations and the practical possibility of a shock-absorber mechanism are explored here, that is to say a fiscal transfer scheme between states in the framework of the emu in order that the member states should be able to cope with transitory, asymmetric shocks which represent the main therat to its existence. Econometrics of panel data makes possible the highilighting of the various characteristics of such a system of fiscal federalism and stabilization in existing monetary unions, like that of the USA thus we may examine the components necessary for the creation of a specifically European device of this kind and the fact that its necessity for a successful monetary union is not as yet proven. The implied assumption that such inter-regional stabilisers are still more powerful within unitary states does not appear empirically confirmed, however such a system would seem helpful in ensuring the stability of a monetary union in its initial period
Wu, Zhenglin. "L'Union monétaire européenne et politiques budgétaires." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0014.
Full textTo realize, emu, each European country must male effort. Emu put many questions about monetary and budgetary policies in the EEC. The coordination of economic policies between member states is in the heart of debate about emu. The dissertation provides a comparison of European countries's budgetary policies since 1960s until the end of 1980s. It is pointed out that the EEC countries are very different from each other in the field, because every country has a structure of public spending and fiscal tax, and EEC advise to various countries the orientation of policy based on different criterion. That is why the initial coordination of budgetary policies in Europe was not systematic. The dissertation synthesizes theory relative to coordination of budgetary policies, and the conclusion argues that emu must be built at several speeds
Enoh, Catherine. "Problématique des zones monétaires, questions monétaire et budgétaire au sein de la zone franc : application à la côte d'Ivoire." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0093.
Full textVaroudakis, Aristomène. "Régulation monétaire et politique budgétaire : une analyse des stratégies expérimentées aux Etats-Unis de 1980 à 1984." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10031.
Full textZola, Bangani Jean. "Efficacité comparée de l'emprunt et de la création monétaire dans le financement du déficit public." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100208.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to assess the efficiency of money financed public deficit versus bond financed public deficit. Our approach is theoretical in that sense that we will only describe the analytical models of the last two decades. We will try to reassess these models in the light of the process of financial innovations which has become very important during the last years. Our research is based on two oppositions: in a first step, we will present the classical view versus the conventional wisdom and in a second level, the Keynesian approach versus the monetarist view. For new classical economists, all economic policy is impotent because of the rational expectations hypothesis. But this conclusion does not hold if we take account of the financial innovation process. This phenomenon introduces uncertainty in the models by the mean of the concepts of credibility and money variability. On the other hand, the integration of the financial innovations in a conventional model has for consequence the changes of some parameters and elasticity of the model. Here also, the result is a great uncertainty about the conclusions of the models
Diop, Mamadou. "Politique budgétaire procyclique, stabilisation conjoncturelle et croissance économique dans la zone Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G023.
Full textDespite significant economic and financial programs undertaken in the late 80s and the adoption of the convergence Pact in 1999, the growth rate of Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa (EMUWA) countries remain below the minimum level of 7% required for the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This low growth rate now leads to questions about the effectiveness of economic policy and, in particular, on the role to be played by public authorities through fiscal policy. We analyze empirical data through, the procyclicality of fiscal policy in the EMUWA and we test the possible reversals related to the adoption of the convergence Pact. Then, in a second step, we estimate from a structural VAR model, the dynamic impact of fiscal shocks on fluctuations in the economic activity of the EMUWA countries and their transmission channels. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the approach used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to calculate the contributions of fiscal policy to economic growth; then, we propose an evaluation of the long-term effects of this policy model on growth, while showing the risks of cuts on public investment.The results of this thesis suggest the adoption of fiscal rules that take into account the economic situation of each country, the speed in government action to overcome the inertia of public finances and strengthening of productive public investments to better support economic growth
Tapsoba, Jules-Armand. "Intégration Monétaire Africaine et Changements Structurels: Commerce, Partage des risques et Coordination budgétaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373212.
Full textCette thèse s'inscrit dans cette dernière vision de la littérature. Nous étudions dans quelles mesures les Etats africains déjà engagés dans une intégration monétaire ou qui envisagent former une zone monétaire peuvent faire face aux chocs. Le premier chapitre qui sert de socle à la thèse, présente le panorama de l'intégration monétaire africaine depuis les indépendances et la situation de l'Afrique par rapport à la théorie. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l'impact de l'intensification des échanges commerciaux entre les Etats africains sur la synchronisation de leurs cycles économiques. Le troisième chapitre examine les canaux de stabilisation de la consommation des Etats qui peuvent servir de mécanismes d'ajustement en union monétaire. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre étudie les conséquences des règles multilatérales de surveillance dans les unions monétaires africaines sur la capacité de la politique budgétaire à stabiliser le produit. Les résultats des différentes études menées montrent que les mutations structurelles considérées dans cette thèse, ne changent pas les conclusions établies par la littérature existante.
Le message central de la thèse est la complémentarité nécessaire entre l'intégration économique et l'adoption des monnaies communes en Afrique. Autant que l'intégration monétaire stimule les autres formes de coopérations économiques (c'est-à-dire commerciale, financière et économique) autant ces dernières rendent meilleures, les conditions d'adoption des unions monétaires. Les efforts sont à réaliser simultanément dans tous les domaines de l'intégration.
Minea, Alexandru. "Deficit, monnaie et croissance économique : élèments d'analyse théorique et d' évaluation empirique." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0509.
Full textN'Toutoume-Emane, Vincent. "L'articulation entre la politique monétaire et la politique budgétaire dans les états membres de la banque des états d'Afrique Centrale." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010044.
Full textThe occurence, during the last decade, of high budgetary deficits in certain countries of the bcas has raised the problem of their financing. Traditionally, in manuals of macro-economy, the point of junction between budgetary policy and monetary policy lies in the ways of financing public deficits. This study aims, firstly, at evaluating the effect of various ways of financing the budgetary deficit on the process of monetary creation. Secondly, it endeavours to foresee the consequences of the budgetary deficit on the activity of the private sector. The analysis carried out shows that it is very difficult to ascertain with accuracy the incidence of the financing of the budgetary overdraft in the monetary creation and on the private sector's activities, because of the absence of a monetary and financial market and the low development of the credit market in the issuing zone of the b cas. On the other hand, the econometric analysis has enabled us to show the impact of the monetary and budgetary policies on the economical activity of the states of the bcas. Moreover, it has put in evidence the effect of crowding in of public expenses and the crowding out of imports by the increase of public expenses. Finally, it has enabled us to refute the agreement whereby private expenses are evicted by the increase of public expenses
Pamies-Sumner, Stéphanie. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et risque moral au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire européenne (UEM)." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40005.
Full textWabo-Nokam, Vivien Narcisse. "Essais sur l'efficacité des politiques budgétaires en union monétaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G019.
Full textThe inability of monetary policy to effectively stabilize the economy during the 2008 economic and financial crises has led to a global economic sphere of budgetary activism in recent years, which can be traced back to the "glorious thirty". This has been revived in the literature through the effectiveness of discretionary fiscal policies. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the effectiveness of fiscal policies on macroeconomic stabilization in monetary union more precisely in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). For, despite an abundant empirical literature review, there is still considerable uncertainies about the extent and direction of the effects of discretionary fiscal policy, particularly in developing countries, which has somehow been marginalized. In pursuit of this objective, apart from the introductory chapter, this thesis is organized around three main empirical chapters (essays) : a first empirical chapter that analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks on economic activity ; a second empirical chapter that analyzes the macroeconomic effects of fiscal consolidations ; and a third empirical chapter that examines the cyclicality of fiscal policy in the CEMAC zone. Empirical results from the first empirical chapter shows that, the size of fiscal multipliers is less than unity in all CEMAC countries, and that the effects of fiscal policy shocks on different macroeconomic variables (Economic growth, private consumption, private investment, inflation) vary considerably from one country to another, but still remain positive for public spending and negative for tax revenues most of the time. After having identifing the different episodes of fiscal consolidation, the empirical analysis of the second trial reveals that fiscal consolidations in the CEMAC zone depends essentially on its economic situation and its previous state of public finances, and that they have an overall Keynesian effect on economic activities. The results of the third empirical chapter indicates that fiscal policy is, on average, procyclical in the CEMAC zone, and secondly that this procyclicality is mainly explained by its economic and socio-political factors
Chiesa, André. "Analyse du phénomène de l'émission monétaire et de sa non neutralité au sein du débat entre néo-keynésiens et monétaristes : plaidoyer pour l'application de la politique budgétaire face au chômage." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0034.
Full textOros, Cornel. "Essai sur les systèmes de gouvernance économique des PECO dans la perspective d'adhésion à l'Union monétaire." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT4006.
Full textThis dissertation dwells on the future of the European policy-mix in the context of the CEECs' joining the EMU. The notion of economic governance makes reference to a system which guides the definition and the implementation of economic policies. Through a historical perspective, we show that the policy-mix is dynamic and that it constantly changes according to two main axes - empirical and theoretical. As the EMU is about to extend, we need to address the question of the way in which this two axes will develop. At an empirical level, while the heterogeneity of the Eurozone will highly increase, it is likely to see structural homogeneities appear between countries. In order to deal efficiently with the new situation, the economic governance could be improved by setting up "variable geometry" mechanisms of fiscal coordination. At a theoretical level, the efficiency of the macroeconomic stabilisation depends on the nature of the economic shocks and the fiscal spillovers as well as on the type and the extent of the structural heterogeneities between the Euroland members
Gabsi, Foued. "Les politiques de la gestion de la demande globale en Tunisie : analyses rétrospective et prospective." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0001.
Full textBéah, Dreh Yvette-Armelle. "Politique budgétaire en UEMOA : soutenabilité de la dette et perspectives de financement." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1001/document.
Full textIn view of the negative effects of the debt burden on the development of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries, we analyse the sustainability of Union’s fiscal policy in order to underline, beyond the IMF’s official methodology, alternative proposals, remedial or complementary to the goal of ensuring the long-term solvency of member countries and the financing of their budget deficits. The results of our debt sustainability analysis from 1975 to 2012 showed that WAEMU countries have very pronounced budget deficits, mainly due to their massive debt. They do not have sufficient resources to meet the debt's financial requirements
Belhadi, Slimane. "Le pacte européen de stabilité budgétaire." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020069.
Full textBrand, Thomas. "La contrainte budgétaire publique : quelles vitesses d'ajustement ?" Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910822.
Full textPommier, Sébastien. "Convergence et règles budgétaires : efficacité de la régulation conjoncturelle dans l'Union économique et monétaire." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN1G007.
Full textThe thesis discusses, theoretically and empirically the implementation of deficit ceiling in Europe. In the theoretical part we show that fiscal discipline and macro-stability are linked to a trade-off between the reduction of structural deficits and the development of automatic stabilisers. Empirical results underline that disciplined fiscal policy (more incremental and lead by automatic stabilisers) is more effective. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of greater effects in lesser indebted countries. The study of convergence of real fiscal policy effects, confirms the loss of fiscal effectiveness in undisciplined countries, and illustrates the trade-off between the development of public transfers and the increase of structural expenditures
Youssef, Hoda. "Ciblage d’Inflation en Égypte ? : exigences budgétaires et institutionnelles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0005.
Full textNflation targeting has emerged in recent years as an increasingly advocated framework for conducting monetary policy in order to achieve and maintain price stability. However, there is a wide consensus on the necessity of meeting a set of economic, institutional and technical preconditions in order to be able to successfully adopt an inflation targeting regime. Like many other developing countries, Egypt is aspiring to introduce inflation targeting as a framework for its monetary policy once the fundamental prerequisites are met. This thesis reviews these prerequisites and analyzes the extent to which they are met in Egypt. We argue that the major challenges that Egypt faces are the fiscal and institutional requirements, as the Egyptian economy suffers from fiscal dominance, a questionable independence of its central bank, as well as the weakness of the budgeting system and the mechanisms of execution and control of fiscal policy
Gueye, Thiamba. "L'incidence de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (UEMOA) sur les finances publiques de ses Etats membres." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020015/document.
Full textJanuary 10, 1994, following the failure of structural adjustment policies proposedby the external donors and the devaluation of the CFA Franc which followed, was signedin Dakar, the Treaty establishing the West African Economic and Monetary Union byseven countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. OnMay 2, 1997, Guinea Bissau will become the eighth State of the Union. The Treatyconfirms the transformation of the West African Monetary Union, comprising the formerFrench colonies in West Africa share the same common currency (the CFA), in aneconomic union. To avoid repeating the same situation that led him to devalue thecurrency, the West Africa has decided to consolidate public finances of Member States,by establishing an appropriate legal framework and multilateral surveillance of fiscalpolicies. The objective of the founding fathers was to arrive by this legal arsenal,harmonize national budget and accounting laws, but also to establish a real fiscaldiscipline in support of the common monetary policy. Soon, WAEMU will develop two keydirectives dealing respectively Finance Laws and the General Public Accounting, but alsoa Pact of convergence and a code of transparency in the management of public finances.Compared to the previous situation, there was a marked improvement in the managementof public finances in the EU, even if all states are not moving at the pace in compliancewith the convergence criteria, especially regarding the reduction of deficits public. Thus,UEMOA, with support from multilateral donors (IMF and World Bank) seeking to promotein the countries where they operate a new financial tools (performance-basedmanagement, the multiannual budgetary planning etc ....), will reform in 2009, its legalframework of public finance in order to adapt to new international management standards
Semenescu-Badarau, Florina-Cristina. "Politiques macroéconomiques et disparités régionales dans la zone Euro." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473690.
Full textSawadogo, Elvis Flavien. "Les instruments de la convergence des politiques budgétaires dans la zone UEMOA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0021/document.
Full textLegal studies on African Public Finance rarely address fiscal policy issues. The economic nature of this subject isprobably the reason. Yet the creation of economic integration space between states sharing the same currency led the law,including community law, to take a firm hold on fiscal policy issues. Any fiscal laxity from a state has repercussions on theothers and the stability of the monetary Union. The strengthening of economic integration, in west Africa, with the WAEMUTreaty of 1994 has been accompanied by the setting up of a converging measures of budgetary policies of states members. This consists in monitoring, through a community institutional framework, compliance by states with some criteria, mainlybudgetary. The convergence of budgetary policies thus refers to common budgetary discipline to be observed by the statesmembers of the WAEMU area. The establishment of such measures necessarily ends at the normative level by thetransformation of public finance law of states. The compliance with community budget discipline goes through self-discipline that states must self-impose in the management of their public finances. This new community power has an effect on national finance through their content, their public policy choices and management techniques. The aim of this study is to take an interest in one of the determining transformations factors of national public finance management systems in the states members of the WAEMU area
Benabdelhafid, Khalid. "Déficit budgétaire et variation du niveau général des prix : analyse théorique et empirique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10102.
Full textThe effect of budget deficit on the general price level can be appreciated only in the context of financing means of the fiscal balance. Contrary to the widely held idea money finance is not necessarily inflationary. Bond finance turned out to have also an impact on the general price level variation. If the link budget deficit – price level is not univocal, the one in the reverse order turned out to be more than necessary. Every fiscal policy analysis must take into account the effects of inflation on budgted receipts and expenditures. The eighties disinflation policy – a policy also used to reform public finances – came up against an insufficiency of fiscal receipts in a crisis context. Thus budget deficits have shown a lowering inflexibility
Messiha, Jean. "Le statut économique des politiques budgétaires face aux traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Messiha.Jean.DMZ9901.pdf.
Full textSchalck, Christophe. "Les politiques budgétaires de stabilisation dans la zone euro : évaluations et perspectives." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100049.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to propose a study of the stabilization carried out by national fiscal policies within the UEM. The first part provide an estimate of current fiscal stabilization. We use a nonlinear structural VAR approach. Results show that reactions from economic growth to a fiscal shock are different according to the regime that prevails. In addition, these reactions are also different accross countries. In the second time we propose discretionary principles to improve this stabilization. The first principle is that to modify the Stabilty and Growth Pact. We show that the balanced structural budget or the golden rule are more effective than the Pact. The second principle is the coordination of fiscal policies. It is an efficient instrument to increase the EMU stabilization. This instruments is compatible with the Pact. However, coordination gains are sensitive to macroeconomic heterogeneities
Semenescu-Badarau, Florina-Cristina. "Politiques macroéconomiques et disparités régionales dans la zone Euro." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0505.
Full textAfter ten years of using the common currency, national divergences in the euro area are persistent and the economic growth is slower than expected. This manuscript is focusing on the use of inappropriate economic policies as potential reason for such empirical facts. It tries to reconsider the monetary and fiscal policy definition in a heterogeneous monetary union, with asymmetric monetary transmission. Three different models were developed in this work. The first one studies the monetary policy in a Barro-Gordon traditional framework, by using a game among the central bank and the different agents of the Union. The second model appeals to the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies, in order to guarantee stable economic conditions. It proposes a dynamic analysis of an asymmetric monetary Union, in a neo-keynesian framework, modified to take into account an interest rate rule for the monetary policy. The last model analyzes the importance of the previously mentioned policies for stabilizing shocks, using a DSGE model. The overall conclusions suggest that a monetary policy oriented to the reduction of the national divergences would be beneficial for the Union only if the central bank is simultaneously adverse to inflation and output divergences. If the central bank is only concerned by inflation divergences, and disregards the output differentials, the monetary policy could be counterproductive. The national policies are the main means of reducing asymmetries. They should be rigorously conducted, and must take into account the structural asymmetries in the Union. The public announcement of the national fiscal rules could be a solution for increasing the policies’ transparency and for improving their efficiency
Eyquem, Aurélien. "Asymétries, ajustements conjoncturels et persistance d'hétérogénéités au sein de l'Union Economique et Monétaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186826.
Full textSarrat, de Tramezaigues Guillaume. "Défis économiques de la zone euro élargie : stratégies de pré-adhésion, nouvelles politiques budgétaires et monétaires européennes et policy mix de la zone euro élargie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0016.
Full textThe thesis studies fiscal and monetary aspects of the coming euro zone enlargements during the 2007-2013 period, being for both the potential new members (EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007) and the euro-zone-12. The thesis is a prospective approach of the subject based on an empirical study of the economics of European monetary integration from 1996 to 2007. In a first part, potential new members’ nominal and real convergence are studied to, thanks to members’ former experience, determine the best enlargement preparation sequence in terms of macroeconomic policy and choice of pre-enlargement exchange rate regime. In a second part, and after having presented the limits of the Exchange Rate Mechanism 2 and its possible improvement, fiscal aspects of the coming enlargements are studied and especially an enhanced Growth and Stability Pact to improve the management of member states’ diminishing indebtedness and to put to an end pro-cyclical fiscal policies during cycles’ favourable-phases, and the relevance of a higher European budget and an increased tax cooperation among euro zone members. The third part is aimed at the study of monetary aspects of future enlargements, including inflation rate evolution in both new members and the euro zone, the required further reforms to perform following these in 2003 for the European Central Bank, its inflation objective, its pre and post enlargements’ interest rate policy and the functioning of the European Central Banks System
Constans, Daniel. "L’Union européenne et le contrôle des finances publiques des Etats." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0179/document.
Full textThis study is structured around the observation of a gap between the pursuit of apolitical project of a federal nature, the single currency, and implementation tools based onbelonging to a centralized state, the ante budgetary control. This situation results first of lackof trust between them, but the use of tools unsuitable for purpose generates numerousmalfunctions and feeling, for lack of a sufficiently strong association of national parliaments ofa "power of Brussels" seeking to assert itself against the will of the states and their peoples.three texts were introduced [the "six pack", the "Two pack" and the Treaty on Stability,Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG)] in EuropeanUnion economic coordination that are no longer only indicative and the possibility for the EUto indicate to the structural reforms that these countries must undertake in areas that do notbelong to the field of competence of the European Union raised for the jurist many questionson both the doctrinal foundations of the European Union and on the institutional mechanismsimplemented
Duboz, Marie-Line. "Politiques budgétaires et intégration européenne." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D007.
Full textThe treaty of maastricht lays emphasis on the objective of fiscal convergence : the participation of each country in the european monetary union depends on the respect of two criteria supposed to avoid and correct excessive governement deficits and debts. This treaty also insists on the necessity to coordinate economic policies, without specify however how to practive it on the fiscal level. The ain of our study is therefore to consider successively the implications, the stakes of fiscal coordination and convergence in order to see if there are inconsistent or, on the contrary, complementary. To treat of the question of coordination, a twofold approach is used. A theoretical survey of the studies dealing with strategic interdependence has led us to build up a model which leans on game theory. This enables us to give an opinion about the opportuneness of a fiscal coordination in the monetary union. An analysis of the practical results obtained until now in the scope of fiscal cooperation has brought us to study the credibility of a possible european fiscal coordination. The approach used to treat the question of convergence refers to the debate between the advocates of discipline rules, supposed to avoid the possibilities of financial instability, and the supporters of a europe without rules, judged as useless and even harnful. The arguments of the former give rise to an empirical estimates of the sustainability of the european fiscal positions, and then to an analysis of the necessary efforts to satisfy the. .
Haddaoui, Mohamed. "Analyse économique et politico-économique du comportement des décideurs publics : les fonctions de réaction des autorités monétaires françaises 1971.I - 1990.IV." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10006.
Full textMacroeconomic regulation have implied an increasing interference of the State in the economic private activity. Consequently, economic analysis must endogenies the behavior of public decision makers. The reaction function of the authorities is an analytical instrument which permit to analyse political economic choices of decision makers. Their basic hypothesis is to consider that State ans its bureaucratic agents, like individuals in traditional economic analysis, have their own preferences. On the ground of monetary policy, analysis of behavior if Central Bank and Government have allowed to study the evolution of the choices of the authorities overs 70s and 80s
Bokino, Régis. "Gouvernance à la BCEAO et à la BEAC : expériences monétaires en zone franc africaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0287/document.
Full textIf the literature of the inflationary bias of the New Classical School, through the concepts of credibilityand transparency, led to the independence of Central Banks, its review by the New Keynesian Schoolreduced it to an instrumental independence and has highlight the role of its governance, of theimportance of its relationship with politicians for the legitimacy of its action and the essential role of theCouncils of monetary policy.In theory and in practice, this institutional framework that reflects governance shows a Central Bank(MPC) not separated from politics but rather in connection therewith. Insofar the monetary policydecisions, the governance, and procedures for the preparation of the decision are taken by a CPM.The objective of this thesis is to analyze in the light of recent developments, governance at theBCEAO and the BEAC which are the central banks covering two monetary unions from franc zonenamely WAEMU and CAEMC. This thesis also aims to show that the sustainability of these twomonetary unions through the benefits might enjoy better governance and the need for fiscal federalismwithin them thus implying a stronger political union. However, we highlight the barriers embarrassingthis final stage of integration
Makila, Antoine. "Les fondements de la coordination des politiques budgétaires dans l'union économique et monétaire." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10053.
Full textThe economic policy of the Economic and monetary Union rests on several principles. The monetary policy is designed at the european level and is mainly intended to price stabilization, whereas the fiscal policy is the last instrument that member states have at their disposal to ensure the stabilization of their economy in the event of a macro-economic shock. The absence of a substantial community budget and the existence of a stability and growth pact require the setting of a coordination of these fiscal policies. This thesis studies the stake of such a coordination. It shows particulary that the fiscal policies coordination is sustainable in the long run without external intervention
Layer, Fabrice. "Les critères budgétaires de convergence : facteurs d'évolutions politiques et institutionnelles de l'Union européenne ?" Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3004.
Full textSokic, Alexandre. "La théorie monétaire et budgétaire de l'hyperinflation : problèmes et perspectives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC10.
Full textThe main object of this thesis is to highlight the conditions of the hyperinflation monetarist model flaw in order to draw its limits and to suggest a new prospect for it. According to the monetarist theory, hyperinflation is the result of a too large government budget deficit financed by the revenue from seignorage. However, this thesis shows that there are some configurations of the model where it can't sustain the standard explanation of hyperinflation. In these configurations there is no accelerating inflation when the government budget deficit exceeds the maximum steady-state value of seignorage. Paradoxically, a hyperdeflation gets underway: it's the "hyperdeflation paradox". Nevertheless, it is shown that it is not true to assert that no hyperinflationary process can be generated in the hyperdeflation paradox conditions. Indeed, this thesis shows the possibility of hyperinflationary bubbles in all paradoxical configurations. Then, this work shows that a second paradox exists in the monetary and fiscal theory of hyperinflation because in this theory hyperinflation was viewed exclusively as a monetary phenomenon. After the examination of the relevance of the paradoxical paths generated by this model with the help of microeconomic foundations of money demand and econometric investigations, this thesis formulates some recommendations for the potential users of the model
Lucotte, Yannick. "Etudes des interactions entre les stratégies de ciblage d'inflation et leur contexte institutionnel : Application aux économies émergentes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952280.
Full textAndrianjatovo-Raharinosy, Joëlle. "Déficit budgétaire, expansion monétaire et croissance : le cas de Madagascar." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10012.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse external and internal factors of growth freeze in a developing country, Madagascar. This one underwent macroeconomics shocks that engender monetary and budgetary problems. But this country doesn't dispose of trumps that permit it to assimilate these problems. So, this generates an increase of inflation, an overestimation of rate of exchange and a crisis of balance of payments. This constitute a disincentive to capital formation and then to growth
Benharrats, Nadia. "Déficit budgétaire- déficit extérieur : le cas de la France." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100142.
Full textGoto, Marielle. "Stabilisation budgétaire et union monétaire : le cas de l'union monétaire de la Caraibe de l'Est." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090045.
Full textThe Eastern Caribbean Currency Union includes six independent developing islands: Antigua & Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint-Kitts & Nevis, Saint-Lucia and Saint-Vincent and the Grenadines. These islands gather round a common currency. This one has been pegged to the U. S. Dollar since 1976 at an unchanged nominal rate. We have noticed a strong vulnerability to external shocks, which induce an important volatility of the national income. This volatility may affect the economy, but the fiscal policy may stabilise the income. So we assess, empirically, the degree of fiscal stabilisation in the ECCU. First, we use fiscal elasticities, provided by a panel data analysis. Second, we use a structural VAR, based on a macroeconomic model, to obtain the impulse response of the income to a fiscal shock. It appears that fiscal stabilisation is quite low in the ECCU and that fiscal policy efficiency is quite related to the fiscal system soundness
Moussana, Alkabous Ibrahim. "Les théories de la politique budgétaire : du régime de domination monétaire à la crise des dettes souveraines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE005.
Full textTo begin my thesis topic is the following: "the theory of fiscal policy: from the regime of monetary domination to the crisis of sovereign debt". The object of my thesis is to analyze the theoretical evolution of fiscal policy from 1980 to the crisis of sovereign debt. Therefore, I must analyze the status of fiscal policy within the framework of a regime of monetary dominance. Why is fiscal policy under monetary rule? Why is it considered as inefficient, neutral and unnecessary (Ricardian equivalence, permanent revenue theory, predatory effect, intertemporal incoherence)? What is the relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy under a regime of monetary domination (budgetary price theory and game theory)? Moreover, during the 2008 crisis, fiscal policy was mobilized, through the implementation of a recovery plan to avoid a collapse of advanced economies. Hence, is it a return to fiscal policy as the main instrument for regulating the economic situation (a regime of fiscal dominance), or an exception to the rule (is the new macroeconomic consensus challenged) ? Is this a questioning of the regime of monetary domination?
Callonnec, Gaël. "Politique monétaire et bulle spéculative." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1j111k.
Full textThe increase in the number of financial crises during an era of weak inflation has called into question the conventional wisdom according to which price stability promotes financial stability. That has led some economists to wonder about the existence of a possible "paradox of credibility" of the central banks and about the opportunity for introducing the asset’s prices in their reaction function. One can ask if the reduction of inflation supports the emergence of a speculative bubble. To answer this question, it is necessary to introduce a mechanism of financial accelerator into a general equilibrium model, where asset’s prices are determined by their supply and their demand. By influencing the structure of the firm’s balance sheet and their cost of capital, and by determining the composition of the household’s assets portfolio, the monetary policy can destabilize the financial dynamic, if it is too exclusively polarized on the eradication of the inflationary pressures. Indeed, it can induce the firms to favour their external growth instead of their internal development, and to invest in financial markets. This phenomenon can lead to a negative net supply of stocks, which is likely to raise their price above their fundamental value. The simulations which have been carried out show that it is necessary to fight against unemployment as well as inflation to escape the adverse effect of "the financial instability hypothesis" described by Minsky
Bachellerie, Adeline. "Essai sur l'intégration régionale et la politique budgétaire." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010042.
Full textLarrain, Ríos Guillermo. "Taux de change réel, politique budgétaire et industrialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0120.
Full textThis thesies studies the properties of the non interventionist approach to development and the role of budget policies. Chile is a good case study. We broaden the industrialisation model by Murphy et al (1989) by opening the economy. Firms can finance the investment needed to change technology thanks to a real depreciation followed by an appreciation. This approach has limits. We consider the determinants of the real exchange rate beyond bydgetary policies. We focus hence on the role of public services and public investment. Industrialisation may appear in this non interventionist approach. Budget policy must be contractive initially, but expansionary afterwards. The obstacles to this approach suggest that industrialisation may be delayed relative to a well designed microeconomic policy
Ramajo, Ismaël. "Politique budgétaire et taux d’intérêt en croissance ralentie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD022.
Full textThis thesis questions both conventional macroeconomic theory and economic policy doctrines about their ability to inform and address fiscal policy issues since the 2008 crisis. The introductory chapter proposes a descriptive analysis. After a long period of increasing public debt, budgetary deficits plunge during the recession, but interest rates continue to fall except in a few countries, whose governments were facing serious fiscal troubles. Inflation stabilizes at a low level, but interest rates turn negative. Potential growth continue to slowdown and the hypothesis of secular stagnation becomes plausible. The second chapter discusses the role of rating agencies and their real or perceived power. Rating agencies have been accused of increasing default risk by degrading the rating of troubled countries, causing interest rate hikes. We conduct an empirical study on the recent budgetary crisis that affected the GIIPS (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) within the euro area. The causal relationships between the ratings of the three main agencies (Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch Ratings) and the five sovereign spreads are systematically tested. These tests suggest that it is rather the risk premium who causes a variation of the note, and not the opposite. The rating agency provides information that has already been anticipated by the financial markets. This result must be nuanced because a causal relationship of the warnings of degradation (outlook) is detected. The third chapter deals with the explanatory factors of real interest rates. The standard model (AS-AD) states that the equilibrium interest rate must increase following a fiscal expansion or as a result of a slowing of potential growth, regardless of the regime (classic, Keynesian or intermediate). Extensions of the model allow us to consider external influences, sovereign risk premiums, potential growth and expectations. This does not reverse the predictions of the model and the theory is reconciled with the facts only when the Keynesian hypothesis of propensity to consume is questioned. The introduction of intertemporal consumption behavior (permanent income) provides a plausible explanation for the combination of slow growth and low interest rates. We estimate an econometric relationship on annual data for a panel of 19 OECD countries. These tests confirm the influence of the factors suggested by the theoretical models, in particular the link between lowering interest rates and economic slowdown. The fourth chapter develops a reflection on the risk of sovereign default. Doubts about debt sustainability in some developed countries resurfaced after the 2008 crisis. Debt restructuring in the form of a conditional loan has emerged as a multilateral solution to fight the occurrence of defaults. Another way is to mutualize the debts of the governments of a same zone. We build a static model which can represent these three alternative notions (default, restructuring and mutualization). A situation is described in which two governments may decide to default or repay their debts. A calibrated numerical application on Greece’s default in 2012 allows us to categorize its defaults as strategic and to note that the restructuring has tipped its decision, making the repayment beneficial. The upstream existence of a Eurobond with a common interest rate of less than 3.5% would also have prevented the implementation of the Greek default and avoided an expensive debt restructuring
Lucotte, Yannick. "Etudes des interactions entre les stratégies de ciblage d'inflation et leur contexte institutionnel : Application aux économies émergentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0508.
Full textThis thesis deals with the interactions between inflation targeting strategies and their institutional framework inemerging economies. More precisely, empirical investigations conducted in this thesis aim to study the role ofthe institutional framework in the conduct and efficiency of inflation targeting. To this end, we proceed in twosteps. First, we consider the institutional framework as exogenous to inflation targeting adoption and analyzewhether this framework has impacted macroeconomic performance of inflation targeting countries. Thus, afterlaying the conceptual background of inflation targeting and showing the importance of economic andinstitutional prerequisites in the choice of emerging countries of adopting this monetary policy strategy (chapter1), we show that some institutional conditions can strengthen the performance of inflation targeting countries interms of inflation level and volatility (chapter 2). Then, in a second step, we consider the institutionalframework as endogenous to inflation targeting and analyze the response of authorities to the adoption of thismonetary policy strategy. The first result that emerges is that the adoption of inflation targeting provides strongincentives to government for improving fiscal discipline, especially the collection of domestic tax revenue(chapter 3). Finally, we analyze the exchange rate policy of inflation targeting emerging economies and showthat the pursuit of two nominal targets, inflation and exchange rate, can be counterproductive in terms ofmacroeconomic performance, more particularly when this exchange rate management is motivated by financialstability considerations (chapitre 4). Hence the importance for inflation targeting candidates of conductingstructural reforms to increase financial development
Ammour, Benhalima. "Système bancaire, financement monétaire et politique monétaire : le cas algérien." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100128.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the Algerian monetary system -its historical development, its institutional and regulatory structures, and its quantitative aspects. It is composed of three sections : - first i, currency and economics, deals with the function of currency in the economic life of the country, and the close ties between the monetary phenomenon specifically and the banking system ; part ii, the role of the banking system in Algeria, is an exhaustive treatment of the evolution of the institutional context in which currency is issued, which includes a description of the unique status of currency in Algeria ; - part iii, entitled the contribution of the banking system to the financing of economic development, blueprints the economic framework in which the monetary activities of the banks and the public treasury operate, and the processes through which the Algerian economy is financed