Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique monétaire – Gabon – 1945-'
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Moupébélé, Makadjoka Chislain. "Le Gabon, la France et la Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale, 1959-1992 : entre logique "géomonétaire" et financement de l'économie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0057.
Full textThe Bank of Central African States, created in 1973 and responsible for ensuring the monetary issue, is the result of institutional transformations that mark the economic and political dynamics of the States. When in 1955 the French government set up the Institut d’émission d’Afrique équatoriale et du Cameroun, it intended to dissociate the functions of issuing money from those of credit. According to this objective, the cardinal mission of the new monetary institution is to guarantee monetary stability by targeting inflation and defending the exchange rate. Its commercial activities are limited. It only grants short-term loans, while medium and long-term loans are now provided by the Caisse Centrale de Coopération Economique. When in 1959, at the time of independence, the institute of emission becomes the central Bank of equatorial African states and the Cameroun, the missions and paradigms have not changed much, while the question of financing economy becomes a central issue in Gabon as well as in other postcolonial states. The debates and negotiations that took place in the late 1960s aim to deconstruct the theoretical framework of monetary policy and credit of the federal central Bank and lead to a form of organization which makes it possible to combine the objectives of Africanization, growth and monetary stability. The objective of our research is to situate ourselves in this process, by focusing in particular on the political, geo-monetary and financial issues around the Franco-Gabonese monetary relations. We have studied the practices of the central bankers, the power relationship in the management of the Central Bank, the balance of power among states within the Board of Directors, the theoretical framework of monetary policy and the impact of these different parameters on fiscal policy and the evolution of the real economy in Gabon. In this respect, we have defined a method which does not allow us to dip in the process of politicization or depoliticization of the Central Bank and to see that several factors interact to make the problem of monetary sovereignty marginal and legitimize the principle of collective and concerted sovereignty. To achieve this, we consider three levels of analysis: national (Gabon), regional (BEAC and franc zone) and multilateral (relationship with France and the Bretton Woods institutions). The reconstruction of these interactions has enabled us to understand that the monetary policy carried out by the Central Bank conformed to the conditions which are out of economic rationality
Essono, Mezui Hervé. "Eglise catholique, vie politique et démocratisation au Gabon : 1945-1995." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/essono-mezui_h.
Full textThe Catholic Church has become one of the main components of contemporary Gabon. We cannot make its history without accounting for the part played by this Church in the Gabonese society. In a little more than 150 years of effective presence, it has shared the joys and misfortunes, the hopes and despairs of the Gabonese people. Since 1945, the Catholic Church has been confronted with the agitated and ambiguous political evolution of Gabon through the electoral competitions, political independence, the institutions set up, political violence. It has known the period of the single party, the political involvment of its priests, the return to the multi-party system and democratization. In front of these facts the Catholic Church has a directive word, neither noisy, nor aggressive, but useful for the construction of the society. But this word is disputed or misunderstood because of an environment characterized by a climate of ambiguous secularity, secularization and the internal challenges of the Church. Beyond the relationship between the Catholic Church and political life, between 1945 and 1995, this work is also interested in the History of this Church in order to better understand its role in society. It recalls its evolution since the periods of the missions until the building of the Churches diocesan, while relating by the end of the Mission, the change in the episcopate, the creation of the episcopal conference, the visit of the John Paul II. It shows the strengths and limits of its action in a Gabonese society, al ready facing deep economic, social and cultural changes because of colonization, and the oil boom
Essono, Mezui Hervé Prudhomme Claude. "Eglise catholique, vie politique et démocratisation au Gabon 1945-1995 /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/essono-mezui_h.
Full textOndo, Assoumou Hervé. "La politique de l'Unesco au Gabon de 1960 à 1970." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030109.
Full textUNESCO policy in Gabon from 1960 to 1970 was formulated within an international context marked by three issues : the problem of development in LDC's, the questions of aid and technical cooperation and the extent of international organisations' commitment to the development of LDC's. Moreover, this policy was justified by historical and socio-economic factors and was based on Gabon's implementation of UNESCO membership procedures on 16 november 1960. The particular context of the 1960's and Gabon's relations with France also influenced UNESCO policy in the country. It was guided by the technical assistance agreement of february 21, 1962, which permeted the implementation of four education projects, in compliance with the official gabonese policy and the principles of international technical assistance. While the results were satisfactory, UNESCO policy was constrained by gabonese technical mangement problems and was geared toward one sector and. New orientations were adepted however
Monnet, Éric. "Politique monétaire et politique du crédit en France pendant les Trente Glorieuses, 1945-1973." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0092.
Full textThis thesis studies the policy of the Banque de France from 1945 to the early 1970s, during the so called « Trente Glorieuses ». Contrary to the common view which considers this policy as passive and only determined by fiscal constraints, I show that central bank's actions were decisive in maintaining mild inflation and avoiding financial crisis as well as in easing access to credit and fostering investment and production growth. These new conclusions rely on an exhaustive use of the archives of the Banque de France and on the construction of new databases on credit allocation. Two main characteristics were very peculiar to the policy of the Banque de France during this period : first, it relied on the direct management of quantities of money and credit rather than on their prices (interest rates). Second, credit policy, banking policy and monetary policy were constantly intertwined. This economic history investigation combines several analytical tools. First, monetary policy is studied from an institutionalist point of view that takes into account the history of economic and political ideas and the history of social practices. Second, I use numerous econometric techniques (mostly times series and panel econometrics) in order to assess quantitatively the impact of policies on the French economy. Third, I propose a formal model of a central bank that rations directly quantities while keeping a non market-clearing interest rate
Obiang, Jean-François. "Les Rapports de dépendance réciproque entre la France et le Gabon, 1967-1990 : pratiques clientélaires et logiques d'État." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA01A003.
Full textLongo, Armande. "La politique sanitaire de la France au Gabon de 1925 à 1958." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30021.
Full textIn the beginning of the twentieth century, a health service called Medical Native Aid was established in all the French Empire in Africa. The medical profession and the druggists had got the job of managing it from 1890 to the African countries interdependences. Later this health service was led through medical cooperation. The task of the Medical Native Aid was to fight against the main causes of the Africans depopulation. This was a policy of population growth whose aim was to keep the Africans in good health in order to highlight the colonies. This work is about health policy from France in its colonies of the French Equatorial Africa particularly in the colony of Gabon. It also aims to showing the advance of medicine and the change of Gabonese attitude toward western medicine, and finally at showing the results of the French health policy in Gabon
Blancheton, Bertrand. "Trésor, Banque de France et politique monétaire de la France entre 1914 et 1928." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40020.
Full textThe purpose of this contribution is to analyse the influence of treasury's responsables and bank of france's responsables on french monetary policy between 1914 and 1928, during an impure flotting exchange rate period. Indeed this period is the beginning of the modern international finance. The principal idea is : bank of france lose monetary power at the begining of the great war and find this power during the poincare's stabilisation. Bank of france was not independante between 1914 and 1926 because french treasury determine monetary creation and public debt service paralyse bank of france action by the traditional instrument of interest rate. At the final, this contibution analyse the economic consequences of poincare's stabilization especially on foreign trade. We attempt to show that the french franc revaluation did no affect the evolution of exports. This revaluation was not the cause of the severe recession at the begining of 1927. It was not cause decline of french exports at the end of 1928 and poor performance in traditional sectors
Pyssame, Albert-Roger. "L'evolution politique et sociale au gabon a travers la region de la ngounie (region du sud du gabon) 1945-1960." Lille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL30016.
Full textThe history of colonies cohich have made up the federation of french equatorial africa (a. E. F. ) remains up to now the poo-parent of african historical knowledge, thus, the study constitutes the opportunity of participating in the historical rehabilitation of that african region where took place major events which have deeply marked french colonization in black africa. Our research work which is related to colony of gabon, puts an emphasis on the local or regional history considered as the component of national history. The region which has been retained (ngounie) is indeniably that which has been one of richest in events that had a national impact. Our study constitutes the opportunity to attenuate the traditional image of coloniale society which presents two mai types of actors : colonizers and colonized. The natives like those of ngounie who have worked for the socio-political emancipation of the colony of gabon and whose final outcome was independence
Bernault-Boswell, Florence. "Démocraties ambiguës : la construction d'une société politique au Gabon et au Congo-Brazzaville, 1945-1964." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070005.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the political, social and cultural evolution of central african societies in the gabon and the congo-brazzaville from 1945 to 1964. This study traces the historical roots of the failure of the first african presidents of these newly independent countries (the coups of 1963 and 1964). This work demonstrates the new perception and the new image of public power (and of nation-state) among africans, in particular through the study of elections. In this perspective, this dissertation shows the role of the new colonial occupation in the 1940s and the 1950s. At the same time, it sheds light on the constant appropriation and the active invention of politics by the africans. The dissertation concludes on the important fluidity of political and cultural mobilization, and on the mobility of ethnic identities among africans during this period
Lacová, Žaneta. "L'influence de la politique monétaire sur les investissements des entreprises slovaques dans la perspective de l'adhésion à l'Union économique et monétaire." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20009.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the influence of the Slovak monetary policy on investments of the Slovak enterprises during preparation to join the European Monetary Union (EMU). Firstly, we identify the effects of the three factors affecting the development of the Slovak monetary policy : the legacy of the monetary policy in former Czechoslovakia, the economic transition and the European integration. Then we present the theoretical background of our analysis. Afterwards, we analyse the Slovak enterprises' investment determinants at the aggregate level, as well as at level of enterprises. The individual data of Slovak enterprises are used. The results show that the interest rate channel is very strong, while the credit channel does not seem to have a strong effect on the investments. Finally, we review the perspective of joining the EMU. It seems that asymmetry concerning the effects of monetary policy on investment can increase when Slovakia will join the EMU
Cielom práce je identifikovat vplyv menovej politiky na investície slovenských podnikov v kontexte príprav na vstup do Európskej hospodárskej a menovej únie (EMÚ). Skladá sa zo štyroch kapitol. V prvej kapitole identifikujeme pôsobenie troch faktorov na vývoj menovej politiky na Slovensku: dedicstvo ceskoslovenskej menovej politiky, ekonomická transformácia a integrácia do európskych štruktúr. V súcasnosti môžeme hovorit o jednote menovopolitických impulzov medzi Slovenskom a eurozónou, co ulahcuje medzinárodné porovnania. Druhá kapitola približuje teoretické pozadie našich analýz. Na makroekonomickej úrovni identifikujeme kanály transmisného mechanizmu menovej politiky na investície podnikov. Na mikroekonomickej úrovni zhrname teoretické poznatky o determinantoch investicného správania podnikov. V tretej casti analyzujeme determinanty investícií slovenských podnikov. Kedže tieto determinanty nie je možné jednoznacne zistit používaním agregovaných údajov, rozhodli sme sa využit individuálne údaje podnikov. Výsledky ukazujú, že náklady na kapitál sú najdôležitejším determinantom investícií v slovenských podnikoch. To svedcí o význame úrokového kanála. Na druhej strane sa efekty úrokového kanálu prejavujú velmi slabo. Ani segmentácia podnikov podla rôznych kritérií neumožnuje jednoznacnú typológiu podnikov podliehajúcim efektom obmedzeného prístupu k financovaniu. Posledná kapitola sa venuje perspektíve vstupu do eurozóny. Porovnanie financných štruktúr vedie k identifikácii troch známok divergencie: casová štruktúra úverov, konkurencia zo strany priameho financovania podnikov prostredníctvom kapitálových trhov a význam obchodných úverov medzi podnikmi. Porovnanie našich výsledkov empirickej analýzy s výsledkami analogických štúdií v eurozóne naznacuje vyššiu úcinnost úrokového kanála a nižšiu úcinnost úverového kanála transmisného mechanizmu menovej politiky. Možno predpokladat, že asymetria na úrovni efektov na investície podnikov sa vstupom Slovenska a ostatných krajín Strednej a východnej Európy do eurozóny zvýši
Autier, Antoine. "Charles Rist et la question de la dévaluation en France (1919-1937) : un "complexe monétaire" à l'épreuve des faits." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/177810785#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe thesis aims at explaining the positions taken by the French economist Charles Rist when, at two different moments in the period 1919-1937, he was confronted to the same question: whether or not devaluating the franc? This thesis, which mixes the History of economic thought and the History of economic facts, is structured in three parts. The first provides an overview of the French economy in the entire period. The second shows how Rist expressed his ideas on monetary stabilization in the 1920s, and more precisely the way he took part to the stabilization of the franc. The third goes on analyzing the monetary ideas of Rist in the environment of the 1930s when the economic crisis was followed by a currency crisis setting in motion the collapse of the gold standard, and specifies the evolution of his position on the devaluation of the franc. In the conclusion we embrace the whole course of Rist and we enlighten it with analytical elements derived from his theoretical work to identify the existence in him of a "monetary complex", but also to determine how much he could overcome it in different historical contexts
Midepani, Lévi Martial. "Élites politiques et démocratisation au Gabon : contribution à une sociologie de la construction démocratique en Afrique noire." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0012.
Full textGabon does not have escaped with the dynamics of democratization of the year 1990. On, economic bottom of crisis and social protests, the political authorities of this country convened a national conference on march 27th 1990. The observation of the Gabonese political field shows that the hoped-for transformations at the end of 1980, truly did not take place. Precisely on the level of political community, there is a very low renewal which is accompagnied by the hard emergence of the pratics and the repports/ratios of liberal democracy. The present thesis wants to seize these ambivalences and paradoxs of the Gabonese democracy. Why, in spite of the introduction of certain standars of the liberal democracy in 1990, of new personalities and new political practices have evil to impose itself? Organised around an assumption of the passive revolution, this thesis demonstrate that the evolutions of the Gabonese political regime are the result of the succession of political generations and that the whole of the political changes recorded between 1945 and 2005 was even controlled, instrumentalized by the political elite
Moulengui, Stéphane. "La construction et l'évolution du système bancaire en Afrique centrale, des années 1950 aux années 1980." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30074.
Full textThe origin of the African banks at the beginning is incontestably related to the progressive rise of the relations between the European countries and their colonies. From this rise was born from strong trade which encourages finally the metropolises to supply their monetary in cash colonies. To concretize that, of the institutions common to several territories, like the banks of issue deprived in free zone are created. The aim of all these banks is obviously to ensure the emission of the legal tender, and to grant the appropriations necessary in order to support the health of the trade of draft or the development of the territories. It is necessary to await the years 1940 and post-independence, for finally attending a generalized offensive of the bankers who intensify their establishment more. From now on, overseas, becomes a surface of sharp competition where each bank seeks to benefit from this market in full growth. The accession of the countries of central Africa to independence works a new banking reinforcement which implies the Africans in the management and the participation of the banks. Independences devote in central Africa, the birth of a new banking reinforcement: the creation of establishments of local right. The trade of the bank such as it is practised in Africa, does not move away from the Western practice. But the risks large and are accentuated by the lack of competences as regards banking management. The banking structure of central Africa undergoes a crisis at the beginning of the years 1980. Fruit of the conjunction of several bad parameters, it is the result of an exaggerated accumulation of errors of management. The great innovation brought for redynamiser this sector is incontestably, the installation of a body of monitoring independent, charged to ensure the supervision of the banking structure. It is about the banking Commission of central Africa (COBAC)
Bensafta, Kamel Malik. "Eléments de la défiance britannique vis à vis de l'euro et de l'UEM : rôle des facteurs monétaires." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1002/document.
Full textOur study has identified at least three answers in the British decision of not joining the euro area. First, a historical conviction never to tie its hands with regard to their experience of the EMS 90s. Second, a philosophical conviction that the European Union is not the only entity practicable for Europe. It shows a British political and public opinion hostile to European integration. Third, many economic reasons justify this refusal: first, the unsustainability of current euro area due to persistent structural heterogeneities. Secondly, the economic convergence between the UK and the euro area is considered inadequate in view of the British cycle analysis and its comparison with the German cycle and the cycle French. Thirdly, the common monetary policy does not address the concerns of the British regarding product stability and the fight against unemployment. Finally, the ECB is too independent, too rigid and not so British
Krauss, Clemens. "La politique monétaire de la Deutsche Bundesbank et de la Banque de France entre la fin du système de Bretton Woods et le début de l'ordre monétaire européen dans les années 1970." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL191.
Full textThis study deals with the monetary policy of the Banque de France and the Deutsche Bundesbank during the 1970s, a period that saw the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, the oil price crisis and the emergence of the European Monetary System. It examines the interrelations and interactions between these global developments and the monetary policy of the French and German central banks.Two trends stood out. Firstly, both institutions reacted differently to the changes in the international monetary regime. The Bundesbank experienced the dollar crises between 1971 and 1973 as the defining shock that led it to alter its monetary policy strategy. It broke away from fixed exchange rates, introduced the policy of monetary targeting and was thus able to curb inflation. The Bundesbank subsequently became a stabilizing force in a volatile monetary environment. For the Banque de France, by contrast, it was rather the oil crisis in 1973/1974 that marked the watershed. Being confronted with rising inflation and external deficits, the Banque called its monetary policy into question. In consequence, it adopted price stability and a sound external balance as primary goals.Apart from these diverging tendencies, there was, secondly, a trend towards convergence. European monetary integration created shared structures and common goals. Moreover, the monetary crises of the 1970s were not only signs of stagnation. They also led to a greater understanding and similar views between the two central banks. A consensus emerged over the course of the decade. The Bundesbank and Banque de France found common ground and thus laid the foundation for a future European monetary union
Khoudour-Castéras, David. "Migrations internationales, régimes de change et politiques sociales : un nouveau trilemme de politique économique ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1n0o44.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas : first, labor mobility constitutes a central adjutment mechanism in exchange rate regimes ; second the development of social policies contributes to slowing down the emigration process. The argument rests at the same time on a theoretical reflection, based in particular on the optimum currency area theory, and on historical analysis, focused on two periods of contemporary history : the gold standard period and the interwar period. Thus, Chapter 1 aims at showing the key role of international migration in the adjustement process of the gold standard. Then, Chapter 2 analyses the impact of Bismarck's social legislation on German emigration. Finally, Chapter 3 provides an alternative explanation to the fall of the gold exchange standard. In total, the purpose of the thesis is to show the existence of an economic policy trilemma between international migration, exchange rate regimes and social policies
Ahmad, Bashir. "Policy coordination, budget deficit and inflation in Pakistan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E036.
Full textThe central bank uses policy rates for reducing inflation. However, policy rates become less affective in comparison to bond’s rates when convertibility between bonds of different maturities decreases. This makes monetary policy ineffective if the government borrows heavily from the domestic market and an active fiscal policy, aiming to increase the economic activity, stimulates inflationary pressure. Throughout the history of Pakistan since its independence, fiscal dominance remained a norm, both in the democratic and military regimes. During the last three decades, the economy of Pakistan is faced with serious fiscal deficit tribulations. Increasing public debt stock and dilapidated tax-to-GDP ratio are grave hurdles in reducing the widening fiscal deficit. This persistence increase in the fiscal deficit has diluted the real sector performance and negatively affected the balance of payments position, causing inflation in the economy. Further, it makes government dependent on huge borrowing from internal and external sources and pushed it to increased debt servicing intricacy. Despite recurring efforts on part of government, no evident success is witnessed to reduce the ever increasing fiscal deficit. Large fiscal deficits have led the government of Pakistan to excessive borrowing from central bank of the country (SBP) and consequently to extensive printing of money.Though, SBP imposed an upper ceiling on government borrowing to reduce its public borrowing from central bank. However, the government never respected these ceilings and compromised the independence of central bank. This dependence on local money market for financing budget deficit increased money base, caused crowding out of private sector, resulted in high printing of money and reduced the monetary policy space to exterminate high inflation. Such a situation restricts the monetary policy to offset the distortions existing in the economy and to achieve its desired goals. Such scenario advocates a dire need of fiscal and monetary policy coordination to strike an appropriate balance between growth and inflation. In this context, our thesis focuses on fiscal dominance and the consequent high inflation level, which remained lofty for almost a decade. We conduct four studies, ranging from the identification of fiscal dominance in the economy of Pakistan to gauging the impact of fiscal policy on growth and inflation.The first study is related to literature on fiscal dominance theories, where fiscal policy acts actively and monetary policy follows passively. To establish that the decades long high inflation in Pakistan is solely because of fiscal dominance, a second study is conducted to analyze the interest rate pass through mechanism in Pakistan. In the third step, it uses corporate governance proxies, capital structure proxies and ownership structure proxies to investigate their links with bank’s performance. In our fourth study, we gauge the response of inflation and growth to changes in fiscal policy while taking into account deposit holders behavior and banking industry
Bussière, Éric. "Les relations entre la France et la Belgique dans les rivalités économiques et financières en Europe : novembre 1918 - mars 1935." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040401.
Full textHistory of economic and financial relations between France and Belgium from the end of first world war to the failure of the gold-block caused by the devaluation of the Belgian franc in march 1935. Analysis of states policies and industrial or financial firms’ strategies. From 1918 to 1924, difficult economic alliance between France and Belgium in a general context of economical war against Germany. From 1925 to 1930, attempt to constitute a Europe of manufacturers founded on industrial cartels and progressive decrease of tariff barriers. France, Belgium, Germany are situated in the center of this project of a wide europe. From 1930, in a context of economic crisis and recession of international trade, attempt of regional ways. The gold-block, associating France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Switzerland show itself a too narrow setting which explains its failure
Dianga, Nganzi Jean Pierre Pedro. "Le droit du marché en zone de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (C. E. M. A. C) : du droit national du Gabon vers le droit communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10008.
Full textHaddaoui, Mohamed. "Analyse économique et politico-économique du comportement des décideurs publics : les fonctions de réaction des autorités monétaires françaises 1971.I - 1990.IV." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10006.
Full textMacroeconomic regulation have implied an increasing interference of the State in the economic private activity. Consequently, economic analysis must endogenies the behavior of public decision makers. The reaction function of the authorities is an analytical instrument which permit to analyse political economic choices of decision makers. Their basic hypothesis is to consider that State ans its bureaucratic agents, like individuals in traditional economic analysis, have their own preferences. On the ground of monetary policy, analysis of behavior if Central Bank and Government have allowed to study the evolution of the choices of the authorities overs 70s and 80s
Ungaro, Stefano. "The relationships between money and financial markets in France. 1880-1914." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH048/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationship between the money market and the financial market from 1880 to 1914. It focuses in particular on the market for short-term loans. This dissertation studies in detail two segments of this market: the advances on securities (collateralized short-term loans), and the repo market (repurchase agreements). The key financial intermediaries are the Banque de France, four main commercial banks, regional banks, the « coulisse » operating over-the-counter and the « Compagnie des agents de changes ». The dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first deals with the introduction of a clearing house in the French historical repo market, and studies its consequences on counterparty risk. The second chapter deals with Bank of France monetary policy between 1890 and 1913 and the role of the banking sector in the transmission of policy shocks. The third chapter deals with the Great Financial Crisis of 1914
Crombois, Jean-François. "Camille Gutt et le gouvernement de Londres: aspects politiques, économiques et financiers de la participation belge à la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211995.
Full textMahamat, Al-Habo. "La politique de change et l'évolution des taux de change effectifs réels dans les pays en voie de développement au cours des deux dernières décennies : (1974-1987)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10103.
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