Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique publique – Évaluation – Congo (République démocratique)'
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Tchicaya, Anastase Jean Robert. "Financement et efficacité des soins de santé primaires : évaluation de la politique de recouvrement des coûts dans la région de Niari au Congo." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE020.
Full textOver the last fifteen years, the economic and health situation in most countries of Subsaharian Africa has been characterized by numerous disequilibria which dangerously affect the well-being of their populations. To deal with this, several health care policies have been successively tried in order to increase finances for and efficiency of the health care system with the objective of improving the health status of the population. The overall objective of this thesis is to demonstrate, by means of an evaluation of a local experiment of an organizational and financing model founded on a primary health care approach and the principles of the Bamako initiative, that it is possible to attain the objectives both of economic returns and of improved public health in a context of rare resources at the level of the health care systems of developing countries. This research is thus divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the theoretical bases and to the institutional context of health sector financing, and the second focuses on the socio-economic evaluation of the cost recovery experiment in the Niari region of the Congo. Each part comprises three chapters. The experiment illustrates an organizational and financing model for health care on two levels under the form of a district health system and emphasizes community participation in the financing of health care. The results obtained demonstrate that the efficiency of the health care system can be significantly improved at the same time as geographic and financial accessibility to care at a cost compatible with the population's capacity to pay
Backiny-Yetna, Prosper Romuald. "Politiques publiques et pauvreté : trois études de cas d'évaluation des performances de ciblage et d'analyse d'impact." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871728.
Full textMalonga, Marie-Albert. "Essai d'évaluation économique d'une politique publique : l'exemple de la politique forestière du Congo (1974-1985)." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100039.
Full textThe object of the study is to investigate the impact of public policy or forestry. The essence is to determine whether public policy has reached its objective of making firms engaged in exploiting forestry resources in the Congo adopt an optimal approach towards the trade-of between the preservation of the ecological balance and the requirements of the profit maximization objective. In this respect, we have had to conduct our analysis around two principal issues, namely (1) the problem of disinvestment and (2) the wish of government to achieve a certain degree of transformation before export. We have analyzed the disinvestment phenomenon using the C. Khang model. The a analysis reveals a significant differential in long period stationary stock levels, depending on whether exploiting firms take externalities into account or not. Still on the disinvestment problem, we have been able to appreciate by means of the Clark-Nunro and the Cropper-Lee-Pannu models, the necessary and sufficient economic conditions which lead to the extinction of renewable natural resources. The assessment show s that public sector enterprises are not adequately adapted to the role of stimulating the forestry sector, due largely to their excessive dependence on government and the preponderance of the redistribution function over that of accumulation. On the side of mixed firms, transport, and domestic marketing conditions reduce firm effectiveness. In spite of heavy government investment in the forestry sector, the pre-1974 problems of ecological balance and sectorial industrialization, among others, persist. The situation then calls for a radical change in governent policy and economic philosophy as a prerequisite to its new participation in the sector
Matouandou-Massengo, André-Nazaire. "Administration et développement au Congo : l'évolution de l'administration congolaise." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D015.
Full textTshimanga, Charles. "Jeunesse et État au Congo/Zaire : évolution et rôler de l'école, des mouvements de jeunesse et du sport, 1890-1960." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070112.
Full textMatsima, Maxime. "Où en est le sport au Congo ? : processus d'institutionnalisation." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080865.
Full textThis thesis seek to understand the institutionalization process where congolese sport is concerned. From a discriminant analysis of football practices, it dismantles the system-both the patent and the latent ones - which rule the congolese sports institution. The results of this study show how congolese sport works according to three different sets of conception and logic : - the religious conception based on the belief in a personal god; - the scientific conception based on the training techniques which enable one to achieve the best possible performances; - the animistic conception which presents two phenomenoms important to congolese sport, the medecine men and juju priests still holding all the power of magic and witchraft. - western logic which sees competition as an object to sports; - congolese logic which grafts inter-ethnic competitions onto sporting competitions; - whereas the marxist-leninist logic enforced by the marxist orientated - political elites rejects both others, thus enabling itself the better to rule over the functioning of congolese sport
Mutumbi, Abeli. "Les nouvelles approches de management de la santé : le cas de Punia en République Démocratique du Congo." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131014.
Full textNew approaches in the management of healthcare result from continuous innovation throughout the world in the administration of systems of healthcare and social protection. If a new approach is being proposed, this implies that the previous one has defects and inadequacies to be remedied and that there is firm resolve to propose ways of improving the situation. In rich countries, current debate is concerned with maintaining national solidarity through social security, with delivering available healthcare to those who would otherwise not have access to it and with protecting society from avoidable sickness by preventative measures as well as by safety policy. In poor countries on the other hand, healthcare policy is pursued in a manner which is ill-defined, complex and unequal in the absence of satisfactory system for the provision of healthcare services. This study has enabled us to arrive at an alarming diagnosis of the state of health of the Congolese people; the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) remains ill-equipped on its own either to confront its difficulties or to use its opportunities to organise a healthcare and social protection system that is reliable and equitable. All the indicators discussed in this study show that it is urgent to set up a new healthcare delivery system for the Congolese people. Life expectancy is 42 years; the take-up rate of existing healthcare provision is 20%; malnutrition has doubled in three years; the health budget is absurdly low in proportion to the total budget (5%); average income is below 0. 30 dollars a day according to Transparency International in 2006; the D. R. C. Is among the most corrupt countries on the planet (158th of 163). All these factors contribute to inequality of access to healthcare in this country. It is because of the urgency of this matter that we have examined, in the first part of this study, the different social, managerial and economic theories of organisation which will be able to help us both to understand the situation and to propose appropriate remedies. For this it is necessary that the human resources of the Congolese people be put to good use by vocational training, consciousness-raising and mobilisation, to abolish poverty by creating a large number of centres of economic and social development based on the active participation of the population, to abolish ignorance by appropriate training allowing each individual to know his or her true potential and use it intelligently, to adopt nation-wide the holistic approach to medicine advocated by traditional Bantu medical philosophy, which involves both body and mind
Mwania, Kibanza. "Développement urbain, développement rural et stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090065.
Full textThe RDC committed itself to the Millennium Development goal of cutting the incidence of poverty in half by 2015. It will be very difficult to reach this target if nothing is done to reduce rural poverty. We suggest two different ways of reducing rural poverty: First, develop urban economy to enlarge the outlets of traditional farming market. ; Second, improve capacities in rural areas. A computable General Equilibrium Model enables us to assess the efficiency of these two strategies to reduce poverty. The results of the simulation show that while respecting the budgetary constraint, the best strategy would be to reduce the lack of capacities in the rural areas while enlarging the urban food crops
Thiaw, Marie Louise. "Les ondes de paix en Afrique : l'exemple de Radio Okapi en République démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27132/27132.pdf.
Full textKatalayi, Mutombo Hilaire. "Urbanisation et fabrique urbaine à Kinshasa : défis et opportunités d'aménagement." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30036/document.
Full textOur investigation is a study of the process of spatial creation and uncontrolled development of the city of Kinshasa, in the hills of the West and of the Southwest. This research has attempted to analyze the challenges and opportunities for planning and urban development. We focused on the issue of the invasion of open spaces and interstices to cables in planned cities and its environmental and socio-economic consequences. Based on our analysis, we concluded that urban policies suffer from a lack of coherent organizing space. Management of urbanization includes controlling land which could constrain spatial expansion, characterized by the paradigm of ecological marginalization. This is one of the main ways to tame urban growth and give neighborhoods as well as the city of Kinshasa the desired physiognomy
Gaboua, Solange Patricia. "Pauvreté et croissance : le cas particulier des pays de l’Afrique centrale : Cameroun, Congo et République Centrafricaine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020111.
Full textThis thesis presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of monetary and non-monetary poverty of three countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic). After a review of theoretical approaches of poverty and different strategies for poverty eradication implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa this work explores the stylized facts concerning the economic growth on poverty reduction in the three countries. Finally, we empirically examine the relationship between economic growth and non-income poverty using Moser and Ichida (2001) model. We find that an increase in GDP per capita leads to an increase in life expectancy, an increase in the rate of gross primary school enrolment and a decline in infant mortality rates. These results have direct policy implications
Bitwe, Mihanda Richard. "Contribution à la réduction de la mortalité intrahospitalière des enfants en Afrique centrale, Nord Kivu - RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210353.
Full textDans le monde, presque 10,6 millions d’enfants meurent chaque année avant d’avoir atteint leur cinquième anniversaire. En dépit de l’existence théorique d’interventions curatives efficaces, on constate que la mortalité intrahospitalière peut demeurer très élevée dans les services de pédiatrie de nombreux pays à faible revenu notamment en Afrique. Pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants dans ces hôpitaux et par conséquent la survie des enfants, il est nécessaire avant tout de faire le constat de la situation et de la reconnaître, d’en analyser les causes, de s’attaquer aux déterminants vulnérables et de se doter d’outils d’évaluation de la qualité de soins dans les hôpitaux. En tant que pédiatre oeuvrant à l’HPG, j’ai constaté que la mortalité intrahospitalière était élevée. Fruit d’une démarche personnelle, ce travail avait pour objectif global la réduction de cette mortalité.
Pour y arriver, les objectifs spécifiques étaient les suivants :
1) Décrire et évaluer la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers chez les enfants à l’HPG.
2)Préciser la mortalité intrahospitalière globale ainsi que les mortalités spécifiques.
3)Etudier l’importance des facteurs associés à la surmortalité des enfants à l’Hôpital Provincial de Goma.
4)Construire un modèle de prédiction de la mortalité globale intrahospitalière ainsi qu’un score pronostique adapté au contexte.
5)Mettre en place un programme de formation et de supervision du personnel médical et paramédical.
6)Etudier l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité intrahospitalière.
Méthodologie
Les analyses ont porté sur les données des études qui se sont déroulés dans le service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital provincial de Goma (HPG), il s’agit des études suivantes: une étude descriptive d’observation d’évaluation de la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers des enfants en décembre 2004 (étude qualitative utilisant la méthode de Nolan), une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière portant sur les indicateurs prédictifs de la mortalité (du 1er avril 2003 au 31 mars 2004) (« avant ») ,suivi d’une intervention dont l’impact avait été évalué de nouveau par une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière (du 1er janvier 2005 au 31 décembre 2005) (« après ») (étude d’intervention quasi-expérimentale).
Résultats
Les résultats du travail étaient les suivants :
A) -Les facteurs qui augmentent le risque de décès étaient la référence tardive et la sévérité de la maladie à l’admission.
-Les facteurs limitant la qualité de la prise en charge et qui contribuaient probablement au mauvais pronostic étaient :
1)A l’admission, le triage n’était pas toujours correctement fait, les soins d’urgences étaient retardés l’après-midi et la nuit et 12% des admissions étaient différés. Il n’y avait pas de grille d’évaluation initiale, ni des guides pratiques de l’OMS, ni les guides standardisés de prise en charge, ni de kit d’urgence.
2)En hospitalisation, il y avait une insuffisance en nombre du staff (surtout l’après-midi et la nuit), le monitoring de base et les soins infirmiers étaient insuffisants surtout la nuit, les cliniciens notaient les signes cliniques, mais ne les documentaient pas toujours, le délai pour avoir le diagnostic était trop long et l’indisponibilité des médicaments prescrits.
-Le staff du service avait des connaissances théoriques et pratiques insuffisantes et une motivation insuffisante
B)-Durant la première étude de cohorte, une mortalité globale de 15,9% et des mortalités spécifiques anormalement élevées ont été observés. Les enfants les plus à risque de décès avaient, à l’admission, les caractéristiques suivantes :un âge < 1 an, un périmètre brachial < 115 mm ou un retard de croissance pondérale (-3< Z-PPA ≤ -2 et Z-PPA ≤ -3), une altération de la conscience, une raideur de la nuque, un tirage intercostal et une infection.
C)-Ces premières données avaient permis de construire le modèle Goma1 basé essentiellement sur les indicateurs suivants :l’âge,le périmètre brachial, l’état de conscience et le type d’infection. Grâce au score pronostique, il était destiné à la sélection à l’admission des enfants à risque élevé de décès pour une admission en soins intensifs et à la standardisation de la mortalité en vue de l’évaluation de la qualité de prise en charge.
D)-Une intervention a été menée, en décembre 2004 portant essentiellement sur la formation et la supervision du personnel de santé œuvrant à l’HPG. Grâce à une évaluation avant-après, on a pu déterminer l’impact probable de cette intervention :la mortalité globale a diminué de 15,9% (avant l’intervention) à 4,6% (après l’intervention) et restait toujours plus basse après l’intervention et après ajustement à l’aide du modèle.
Conclusions
La mortalité pédiatrique intrahospitalière est généralement beaucoup trop élevée et c’était le cas à l’HPG.
Notre démarche après ce constat et l’évaluation de la qualité des soins donnés aux enfants sur base d’un questionnaire qualitatif a été d’intervenir sur un des points mis en exergue par cette évaluation (formation et supervision du personnel insuffisante) et d’évaluer l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité globale.
Les résultats ont suggéré un impact positif de ce programme (mortalité globale de 15,9% avant l’intervention et de 4,6% après l’intervention).
Si de nombreuses critiques liées à la méthodologie (évaluation uniquement qualitative, étude quasi-expérimentale avant-après, intervention limitée, etc) doivent être épinglées et limitent la portée de ce travail, la démarche entreprise a cependant permis de mobiliser le personnel de santé œuvrant dans des conditions difficiles, autour d’un projet commun et améliorer ainsi la prise en charge des enfants hospitalisés à l’HPG.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ligopi, Linzuwa Zephyrin. "La lutte contre la pauvreté comme une quête de sens : une perspective d’éthique théologique à partir de la situation de la République démocratique du Congo : 2001-2011." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK017.
Full textIn 2001, The Democratic Republic of Congo strongly committed itself, with the support of diverse international organizations, to reduce poverty based on the economic growth strategy. Ten years later the nation found itself at the bottom of the countries produced classification by The United Nations Development Program of the Human Development Index (HDI). Besides that program, several local initiatives have come out and developed, based on relational strategies, some of which are presented in this work. While the official strategy against poverty has failed, the society has survived and progressed. Based on this statement, this study discovers that the conceptual approaches and solutions at the base of the fight against poverty often are constricting. Unfortunately, these restrictive attitudes multiply themselves with some tendencies which tend to forget that all kind of poverty isn’t to be fought : the anthropological poverty – which is that of our fragile condition – is often omitted and voluntary poverty is often relegated to the second place. Finally, this study shows that the poverty problem should not be simplified with the intention of giving sense to the actions adopted to fight it, and in this way extend the scope of these actions. This question of sense is decisive in viewing the fight against poverty : a simplistic vision of an action, means, indeed, a considerable reduction of its scope. Today, the fight against poverty should be capable of giving sense to life incorporating an integral vision of the human existence, intimately related to the anthropology presented by the Christian message
Nadeau, François M. "Casques bleus et unifolié : le maintien de la paix et l'identité canadienne, 1956-1973." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25688.pdf.
Full textMansita, Sangi. "Les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement : regard critique sur leur mise en œuvre par les Églises anglicanes de deux pays du Sud : Angola et RD Congo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK010/document.
Full textThe attention is focused in our thesis on the question of how the Anglican communion in general, and the Anglican Churches of Angola and RDC in particular, have appropriated resolutions and recommandations resulting from the TEAM Conference. The concept of "poverty" in the broad sense is the root of all the problems plaguing societies and the churches of the South. Nowadays, a certain number of missionary and pastoral initiatives which appear to be based purely on piety always have unexpressed motives which have to do with the pursuit of personal material interests. The emphasis has always been placed on economic growth as a necessary factor which can be used for raising the standard of living of the poor in the South. However, there are many States that have experienced considerable economic growth, like Angola, but the income of the poor class increases so unbalanced and uneven, and stlll is, for many famillies, unsatisfactory. The Millennium Declaration declared poverty in all its dimensions to be the main challenge facing humanity, an iron curtain which needed to be breached for the development of Southem Nations. Given the extent of poverty which, despite multiple routes taken and solutions envisaged, continues to grow, we quickly realize that it is only the African who is, in our opinion, the origin of the misery of his country and his continent. Therefore, we can continue to consider many measures and the economy of different factors to end the crisis, but the main factor is the African man himself. The people of the South are, above all, at the mercy of internal forces. We are witnessing the defeat of intelligence, the loss of reason and autonomy on the part of a number of African policies, creating institutions cut off from all ability to make free and wise choices, working as a priority for the "politics of the belly"