Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique sociale – Niger – 1960-'
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Harouna, Soumana. "Pauvreté, instabilité politique et mortalité au Niger." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H042.
Full textThis thesis deals with the crucial problem of maternal and infant mortality in Niger in a context of scarce national resources and of political instability, which hinders the planification of the supply of public health services. The DHS Surveys of 1992 and 1998 not only show a stagnation of infant mortality and an increase in neo-natal mortality, bus also a lesser use of family planning services at time of pregnancy and delivery. .
Moussa, Hima Hamadou. "Contribution a la recherche de stratégies de développement au Niger." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0009.
Full textSmirnova, Tatiana. "L'action publique saisie par des mouvements étudiants et scolaires : l'enseignement supérieur, la vie politique et l'expérience militante au Niger (1960-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0679.
Full textLocated at the intersection of the sociology of social movements, higher education studies and public policy scholarship, this research focuses on the issues of political regulation embedded in the relationship between political authorities and student protest which co-produce policies and politics in higher education in Niger. Covering fifty years of regime change and successions of coups d'état (1960-2010), the research is grounded in a historical approach. Based on extensive material provided by three periods of fieldwork in Niger, it draws on seventy-five semi-structured interviews with former activists, many of whom were high-ranking officials, as well as on a wide range of activist and state archives, documents concerning the development of Niger's education system, local newspapers and reports of international organizations. Focusing on historical sociology of higher education in Niger, the research shows that the process of political regulation expresses itself via socialization of political and social elites through their activist experience. This finally contributes to the reinforcement of mutual dependance between students and the authorities while the latter concert politics into policies and vice versa by reallocating and redistributing ressources as well as by suppressing and controlling students
Danda, Mahamadou. "Politique de décentralisation, développement régional et identités locales au Niger : le cas du Damagaram." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370355.
Full textSitué en Afrique de l'Ouest en territoire nigérien, le Damagaram est une région à dominante agro-pastorale qui représente 11,57% du territoire national et 21,7% de la population totale du pays en 2001. L'histoire coloniale du Sultanat de Zinder au XIXè siècle, le transfert du chef lieu du territoire de Zinder à Niamey et le fait que des élites de cette région aient pris l'habitude de placer au premier plan de la problématique du retard de développement du Damagaram, la question politique, expliquent l'intérêt de cette recherche.
La présente thèse se veut un essai qui vise à saisir les vecteurs d'explication des capacités de mobilisation, de consensus et de représentation des intérêts au niveau du Damagaram, mais aussi à comprendre les spécificités de l'échelon régional en terme d'identités, à travers la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques en général, des expériences de développement régional à Zinder en particulier notamment, la formulation du Schéma Directeur du Développement Régional (SDDR) de Zinder.
La thèse expose comment les institutions de gestion administrative régionale s'articulent à des espaces sociaux pour construire des espaces politiques essentiels à la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques et du développement régional. Elle identifie les principaux symboles identitaires du Damagaram qui semblent plus que jamais activés par le processus de démocratisation et de décentralisation en cours au Niger. L'auteur appréhende l'influence de la vitrine identitaire du Damagaram dans le fonctionnement des institutions en charge du développement en région. Il analyse les stratégies des acteurs et leurs rôles dans la conquête de l'électorat et la formulation des instruments et actions de développement régional. Il relève que le Sultanat, en tant que symbole du pouvoir traditionnel dont l'organisation s'articule autour de la personnalité du Sultan, reste le symbole identitaire le plus conservé et le plus marquant de cette région. Il met en évidence la présence d'identités au pluriel dans le Damagaram administratif.
Deycard, Frédéric. "Les rébellions touarègues du Niger : combattants, mobilisations et culture politique." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556639.
Full textMoussa, Ibrahim. "Cheikh Ibrahim Niasse (1900-1975) : précurseur de la Tijâniyya au Niger : étude doctrinale de sa pensée et ses implications sociales et politiques." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30104.
Full textTijaniyya is one of the important Muslim brotherhoods in West Africa. The accession of Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse recessed the basics of Sufism in this part of Africa. The special feature of Faydha movement, which guide is Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse, is laid in the capacity of Tijaniyya to revivify Islam; and to consolidate spirituality which is the soul of this universal religion. The other characteristic of niassene’s movement is its suggestion to civilize all people, to give direction to young people in to Zawiyas which are real schools of life where are taught Islam values of tolerance which lauds Peace and dialogue. These values kept in secret by Sheikhs are Sufi inheritance leaved by their majors. Another difference of this movement is its adaptability and flexibility which comes mainly from Sufism assets opened up to modernity, all in saving its values. The revival is been supported by Faydha which is for now on the perfection of Tarîqa Tijaniyya on the spiritual side but also in its international importance
Ali, Ouahido Mariama. "Aspects juridiques et financiers du développement de la politique de l'habitat au Niger." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10022.
Full textThe harmful consequences of bad lodging conditions for the populations have leaded us to interest ourselves in the Nigerian housing policy. After the analysis of lodging problems of Niger, we have studied the juridical (landed system, property development, relations control between lessors and lodgers) and financial (institutions, mechanisms) instruments which contribute to the realization of the Nigerian housing policy
Hamadou, Hassane. "Évolution du Niger indépendant vers le régime démocratique (1960-1999)." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1039.
Full textAs in the fifties, the access to independencies in Africa seemed to be a key for any development. In the same way, at the beginning of the 1990’s, the democratization appeared to be indispensable for any economic and social straightening. Niger, like other African nations did not stay at the margin of these great upheavals. Thus, Niger faced an eventful evolution. The thirty post independent years have been marked by authoritarism of which fourteen years of monopartism, thirteen years of dictatorship and three years of decrispation. By giving up this logic of authoritarism, Niger enters in the process of democratization. Despite the hindrances made by the anti republicans and anti democrats, the authoritarian restoration will finally be wiped by the democratic forces in order to make the republic light up. However in Niger, despite this uncertainty, the acquired democratic principles due to recurrent military imixation, the political rising is going to continue and become a real political awareness. This situation makes Niger at the eve of the 5th republic, an admirable and glorious country
Talba, Aly. "Politique internationale de la première république du Niger (1958-1974)." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D303.
Full textThe new republic of niger did not show, from the stard, a predisposition to enjoy full "independence within inter-dependece": landlocked country, sahelian, endowed with very limited resources, within a most changing geopolitical environment, niger has yet, under the impules of hamani diori, played an ultimately outstanding part with what might be called its "objective imortantce". One of the most significant aspects of this "schema" on african and international scene, is indisputably that imperfect satellisation, nay that absence of tractability often shown. This state of affairs bas to a large extent been attributed to the "personality" of the first president of the republic of niger. That is, probably true in many respects. In a large view, the fact is however, that this "case" is not not without recalling the legend of the lay wizard: niger and hamani diori, sometimes presented as a creation and a "creature" of france having tried (and at times successfully) to slip through the "creator" fingers several times
Abakar, Kassambara Abdoulaye. "La situation économique et sociale du Tchad de 1900 à 1960." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/ABAKAR_KASSAMBARA_Abdoulaye_2010.pdf.
Full textIn the late nineteenth century, the region of Chad was not yet under the influence of European colonial powers over Africa. Nevertheless, Chad remained an area of interest in the eyes of the latter, more for strategic rather than economic reasons. The attempt to gain control over the area initiated in 1900 by European powers was slow and difficult mainly due to the strong resistance of the local sultanates and kingdoms. This led, however, to an alteration of Chad’s pre-colonial traditional economic structures. The country was, from 1900 to 1920, under military administration, which had managed, by virtue of a rigid organization and a systematic vassalage of the local chiefs, to develop a tax policy based primarily on capitation and numerous other ways of computation. Chad was transformed into an artificial colony made profitable without any such prior investment, and without any specific social or economic structures. Nevertheless, this fiscal policy had allowed a huge gain placed into a reserve fund for the other members of the A. E. F. Territories at the expense of the development of Chad itself, which only became a poor relative of the Confederation. It is only at the end of the First World War, when ties an with Nigeria and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan allowed an intense economic activity in the country through livestock trading and its derivatives which has been taken over by local traders. The orientation of Chad’s economic trends towards the two neighboring English colonies at the expense of the colonial mainland during the interwar period aroused great concern amongst federal and local colonial authorities, which feared an irreversible integration of Chad into the British economy. It was thus necessary to develop a permanent profitable market towards the development of Chad on one hand, and on the other hand, to launch an overhaul of its transport system; this was accomplished by the introduction of compulsory cotton cultivation in the mid-1920s. But until the eve of the Second World War, its development was hampered due to communicational problems and due to the abhorrence of the people to engage into the culture of cotton as it interferes with traditional agricultural calendars while generating low income not allowing to meet any taxation levied thereon. Due to its geostrategic importance and to it being the first African territory to join the Free France, the colony of Chad found itself in the forefront of the great world conflict. As such, its territory, which was for long a weak figure within the A. E. F. Confederation, became the centre in which converged the energies and resources of the Allied forces. Chad managed, by reason of the war, to enhance its economy and to catch up on communication means. Just before the end of World War II, the dignitaries of Free France had granted some sort of political independence to the population of the former French colonies in Africa following the Brazzaville conference of 1944 which led to the latter adopting new economic and social policies towards the colonies. Within Chad itself, this new impetus was characterized by an increased investment in the production and the processing of cotton. Thus, Chad became the largest producer of cotton within the French colonies of Africa as well as becoming, by reason of veterinary policies and hydraulic technologies, a strong livestock economy. At the same time, the focus was laid on the construction of strategic lines of communication that should serve essentially to the carriage of cotton. The development of an air-based transport drew closer mainland France and fostered a meat industry benefiting from new markets. The improvement of land and air transports also allowed certain companies to establish a monopoly over Chad’s foreign trade. This rapid and abrupt development had laid the direction for Chad economy as geared towards France, which was previously rather set towards the eastern side, that towards the British colony of Nigeria and the Anglo-Egyptian Soudan. It also allowed the emergence of new social classes and sprawling towns in which emerged a new life style
Baudais, Virginie. "L'institutionnalisation de l'Etat en Afrique : les trajectoires comparées du Mali et du Niger." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10015.
Full textThis thesis aims at exploring the process of institutionalization of the state in Mali and Niger. The state in Africa has often been studied through the paradigm of institutional import, anchored to European history. In this piece of work, it is argued that the state , as it can be discovered in Mali and Niger, is hybrid, and originated from a sedimentation process, encompassing the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods. Thus, alongside the import phenomenon that is not being denied, this work strives to underline both continuity and break phenomena. The state in Africa was constructed, and is still being constructed, in an extrovert way, meaning we have into account external as well as internal logics involved in the Institutionalization process. However, this process is not linear and also includes strong phases of deinstitutionalization (militarization of power, authoritarian regimes crisis) which, paradoxically, are also part of the process. The point is thus to study, through the new institutionalism perspective, how the institutions emerge, change and/or remain. The state today shapes its own context and structures the actor's choice. We will particulary see, through the study of institution practice, how the past institutional experience still constraint the choices and possibilities. Institutionalization must then be seen as a process of creation and adaptation, conferring the state southern of Sahara a hybrid character
Alfa, Cisse Fatoumata. "Croissance économique et politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté : Le cas du Niger." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020084.
Full textArzika, Ayouba. "Colonisation et santé : action sanitaire française et réalités au Niger (1922-1958)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070054.
Full textAhmet, Illa. "Instabilité et démocratie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : le Niger et la Côte d'Ivoire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10025.
Full textAfter thirty years of civil and military dictatorship, pressure from the international community has pushed the Republic of Niger and Côte d'Ivoire to renew ties with the democratisation process. This process entered into grudgingly by the leaders in these two countries and running up against steering locks. This thesis tackles the reasons that explain this phenomenon. Regarding the study, the blockage is linked to the behaviour of the military and civil elite, to the dysfunctions of the administrative structures and the followers as well as the international and economic environment. The deconstruction of the administrative structures caused by corruption, nepotism and favouritism has provoked communal and tehnic tensions in Côte d'Ivoire. This situation is the cause of the political crisis that is taking place in the country today. The army's refusal to stay out of the political arena as well as its incapability to protect the republican institutions has been detrimental to the reinforcement of democracy in the two countries. The bias of the frameworks in charge of electoral issues (electoral commission, electoral justice) combined with a bad regulation of the political game by the political actors (political parties and elite) constitutes another source of the blockage. The democratic instabilities in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire are also linked to the drastic economic crisis that the two nations are going through. The infectiveness of the African integration and especially the absence of economic aid from the international community are supplementary causes of this crisis
Issolah, Nacéra. "Le programme politique de Jesse Jackson de 1963 à 1984 : contribution à l'étude du discours politique noir-américain depuis les années 1960." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131028.
Full textThis is the study of jesse jackson's political platform from his entry into the civil rights movement in 1963 till his presidential campaign in 1984. In order to understand his political thought better, it seemed necessary to show the influence exercised over him by some black leaders, especially martin luther king. Malcolm x and the black power theoricians. The historical study over twenty years enables us to understand better the historical moment jackson's campaign represented in black americans' political life. It enables us too, to a certain extent, to understand better the political evolution experienced by black americans during this period. For jackson embodied, successively, black americans' different attempts to enter into their country's political life. The first part deals with blacks' struggle to obtain their whole place in the american political system during these two decades. We analyse their fight for the voting right and their electoral participation ; their relations with the two major political parties and especially with the democratic party ; their different attempts to gain political independence and the means they chose to gain a greater influence in this field. The second part is dedicated to jackson : we analyse his political commitment from 1963 till 1984. This part enables us to see his evolution from the position of a civil rights leader, then a human rights advocate, to that of a presidential candidate. We analyse the influence of the civil rights movement and religion over his political thought and action, and his relation with the two major political parties. The third part deals with his presidential campaign. We analyse the reasons of his candidacy, then four aspects of his electoral campaign : its organization, his home and foreing policy platform, his constituency and his results at the democratic convention
Lakroum, Monique. "Chemin de fer et réseaux d'affaires en Afrique occidentale : le Dakar-Niger, 1883-1960." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070079.
Full textAt the end of the XIXth century, the building of the railway network in West Africa was not only an instrument of colonization but also, in the eyes of some french industrialists, the means to experiment with new techniques of exploitation. Thus the railway line from Dakar to the Niger answered economic and political purposes of various kinds but confliting with the pratices that had been inherited from african trade. Thanks to the spreading of road transport after world war i, the merchants gradually developed rival trade channels which enabled them to control the markets in Senegal and Sudan (Mali) previously linked by rail traffic. In so doing they were able to maintain the mechanisms of arbitrage based upon the local differences in price which the fall in the costs of rail transport was showing a tendency to reduce. Consequently, the growth that was started by railway investments did not spread to all the economic activities
Salifou, Bertrand. "Les chefs traditionnels et leur participation au pouvoir politique en Afrique : les cas du Burkina Faso et du Niger." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000355.pdf.
Full textBefore the colonization already, there were chiefs at the head of all the african socio-politics structures. Under colonization, roughly speaking, between 1890 and 1960, these chiefs become in their turn, subjects under the colonial authority power which, in any case in the French possessions, to only distinguish them from the colonial administrators of which they become the auxiliaries, qualifies them the traditional ones. They preserve this statute of auxiliary both in Burkina Faso (Old Haute Volta) and in Niger after the accession of these countries to independence. With the return of Africa to the multi-party system and the democracy, at the beginning of the years 1990, these traditional chiefs, incarnation of the morals and sociocultural values of ancestral Africa, become, more than ever mediators; agents of social development while working for the consolidation of the state of right. It is to say that the traditional cheffery still has a beautiful future in front of it, for little that, the african political leaders agree to collaborate, honestly with it
Soubeyran, Pierre. "Albert Camus, un humanisme pour l'Europe." Lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO3A005.
Full textSomé, Magloire. "La christianisation de l'Ouest-Volta : de la révolution sociale au conflit culturel et à l'éveil politique : 1927-1960." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040277.
Full textThis work deals with fathers missionaries, while trying to convert people in the west-Volta (western Burkina Faso) during the peak of the violent period of the French colonization, came to protect the natives, contrary to the expectation of the administration. This provoked confrontation between administration and missionaries from 1928 to 1934. The social and moral transformation brought by the missionaries were so important that they destabilized the traditional social structures. Yet, they had to be careful about the spreading of islam and protestantism. With decolonization, the missionaries had to face new problems due to political and socio-economical changes such as a real need of changes from the rural masses, a rapid growth of an intelligentsia who no more cared religion and even denounced the catholic Christian church's imperialism. Therefore, the missionaries' preaching became more sociological than spiritual
Frère, Marie-Soleil. "Presse et démocratie en Afrique francophone: de la communication traditionnelle précoloniale à l'émergence d'une presse privée dans les transitions démocratiques au Bénin et au Niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212333.
Full textElecho, Kolawolé. "Biyi Bandele : crise sociale et contestation politique au Nigeria." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0537/document.
Full textBiyi Bandele is a Nigerian writer whose innovative and very rich writings are still little known by academics in France. No large-scale study has been devoted to his writings yet, and this work tries to make up for this gap. This study which is mainly based on the four novels written by Biyi Bandele aims at showing that he is a Carnivalesque novelist and that all of his effort consists in raising questions about the living conditions of his fellow countrymen, the nature of political power and its functioning, and the reasons why nation-building seems impossible in Nigeria so many years after independence . Through these different questions, Biyi Bandele mainly portrays a country in shambles, in such a state of anomy that one can no longer rely on the means of the Europen realist novel to render its situation. But thanks to his exceptional talent as a storyteller, Biyi Bandele manages to make us become aware of this reality by inventing a rich language and a new way of telling story inspired by yoruba traditions and other elements of Nigerian popular culture
Pyssame, Albert-Roger. "L'evolution politique et sociale au gabon a travers la region de la ngounie (region du sud du gabon) 1945-1960." Lille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL30016.
Full textThe history of colonies cohich have made up the federation of french equatorial africa (a. E. F. ) remains up to now the poo-parent of african historical knowledge, thus, the study constitutes the opportunity of participating in the historical rehabilitation of that african region where took place major events which have deeply marked french colonization in black africa. Our research work which is related to colony of gabon, puts an emphasis on the local or regional history considered as the component of national history. The region which has been retained (ngounie) is indeniably that which has been one of richest in events that had a national impact. Our study constitutes the opportunity to attenuate the traditional image of coloniale society which presents two mai types of actors : colonizers and colonized. The natives like those of ngounie who have worked for the socio-political emancipation of the colony of gabon and whose final outcome was independence
Porgo, Hamadé. "Sur la communication sociale interne et les relations internationales : de l'interaction entre la communication sociale sur le plan interne et relations extérieures de l'Etat : analyse socio-politique du cas du Burkina-Faso (1960-1988)." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30009.
Full textIn national societies several actors and various forces compete permanently both with one another and with the state. The complex oppositions make up the socio-political landscape of a country. And they also play an important role in its foreign policy. Yet the internal process which shapes the socio-political context is not totally immune from the international system. Through all these facts we want to show the logic and mechanism of the linkage system in communication, internal socio-politics and external relations. We have chosen a chronological approach although not exclusively. And our interest in the revolutionary period is due its richness in political events. We have also stressed the similarity with other experiences of the kind such as Benin and Ethiopia. Besides we have devoted a preamble to reassess social communication in Burkina-Faso. Our aim is to highlight the importance of transportation in communication and thus relativize the role of modern mass mecia that are almost nonexistent in many African villages
Keyhani, Narguesse. "Les "relations interculturelles" : trajectoire sociale d'une catégorie réformatrice." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0039/document.
Full textThis study follows the trajectory of the category of “intercultural relations”, both an academic and a public policy category. It analyses, in the French context, its first formulations in the beginnings of the 1960’s, its various forms of institutionalization along the 1980’s and describes its progressive invisibilization until the 2000’s. This study investigates the way different actors use this category in a scientific, administrative or political way in order to consider the presence of immigrants in the French society. The mobilization of this category led these sociologists, educationalists and civil servants to rethink the immigration phenomenon. Instead of looking at the dynamics of social classes or with an assimilationist view, they put the cultural dimension of immigrant workers’ presence in France at the heart of the analysis. At the centre of this study lies the analysis of the emergence of this scientific category coined via critical knowledge and used as a reforming public policy category which targets representations of a so-called “racist French public opinion”. The investigation is carried out at the crossroads of socio-historical analysis of a category and the study of the construction of policy problems. It is based on (partly unreleased) archives of public organizations, depending from the Ministry of social affairs, in charge of implementing insertion policies and promoting intercultural relations. This study also relies on the grey literature produced both by the main promoters of this cause, and various State agencies as well as interviews with both kinds of actors. These empirical data are examined through two approaches: first the analysis of the relations between knowledge and public policy; and second, the relations between organisations and public policy. The thesis shows that the idealistic dimension of this category promoting a harmonious management of intercultural relations has not been present very long in the government’’ agenda. However, this category has been used as a long-lasting regulation device for the interactions between street-level civil servants and immigrants constituents. It also shows that the institutionalization of this knowledge in an organization at the margin of the State and the strategies developed to fight a “racist public opinion” contributed to forge and feed a depoliticized antiracism. Investigating on a barely visible category, the thesis aims at giving an account of the process of the redefinition of the boundary between State and society which is at the heart of the pedagogical role of the State
Atlan, Catherine. "Elections et pratiques électorales au Sénégal (1940-1958) : histoire sociale et culturelle de la décolonisation." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0093.
Full textKrause, Anthony. "Écrivains, pouvoir et communisme en Hongrie : le cas Tibor Déry (1960-1968)." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0011.
Full textThis thesis analyses the role and the carrier of the Hungarian writer Tibor Déry (1894-1977) under the Kádár regime, between 1960 and 1968. During this decade, the Kadar regime attempts, after the 1956 revolution, to pacify and normalize the Hungarian intellectual life. Déry, who is a famous writer and intellectual, and also a great figure of the 1956 revolution, becomes in the early sixties one of the writers most exposed to a negotiation with the regime : thus, just as much as the regime needs Déry in order to give a sign of its liberalism and to gain the writer's support. Déry needs the regime in order to make his way back on the Hungarian literary scene. Gradually, Déry become one of the main partners of the Kádár regime and, in a certain way, an active incarnation of the "Kádár compromise". This thesis first tries to analyse the Hungarian policy and discourse on "compromise", as reflected by the main Hungarian political and cultural leaders during the sixties. It then examines the way this new policy, called "alliance policy", was applied to the particular case of Tibor Déry during the 1960-1963 period, during which the writer and the regime are bound to consider together the possibilities and conditions of the writer's return to the literary and political life. Finally, the thesis presents the different strategies elaborated by Déry from 1964 to 1968 in order to interiorize the constraints of the regime, thus accepting to declare himself free although he is forbidden to make any criticism of the socialist system
Foucaud, Annie. "La pensée politique de Felix Houphouët-Boigny à travers le discours de la fête de l'indépendance 1960-1980 : des principes aux réalités." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070074.
Full textNgainyo, Gisele. "L'enseignement des langues et l'intégration sociale et politique au Cameroun : le cas de la langue arabe dans l'Adamaoua (Nord-Cameroun) : 1960-2006." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0949.
Full textThis thesis is talking about the teaching of languages in general an arabic language in particular in Adamaoua (Nord-Cameroon) since 1960 to 2006. Since 1960 islamics schools in general and the teaching of arabic language in particular is confronted to many problems : administrative, pedagogic, and financial. All these problems don’t facilitate the social and political integration of arabics students in Cameroon. Can franco-arabics schools contributed to the national integration of those who learn arabic language in multicultural and multilingual society? What is did by the government to resolve these problems?
Kafando, Michel. "Les états du Conseil de l'Entente, Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo et les pays de l'Est : de l'hostilité idéologique à l'ouverture diplomatique : 1960 - 1990." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010296.
Full textThe attainment of independence of the African countries, occured right in the cold war, distinguished by the antagonism between East and West. For that reasib, which gave no way to neutralism (even some africain leaders like n'krumah, ben bella, nasser - have verbally enjoin the positive neutra- lism), the new african states had then to choose their camp. Under these circumstances, five west African states -Ivory Coast, Dehomey (presently Benin), Niger, Togo, upper volta (became Burkina Faso), which form the "conseil de l'entente", -declare for solidarity with occident against the socialist block. The promoters of this organisation -felix houphouet-boigny, hubert maga, maurice yameogo, diori hamani and their successors -explain their anticommunism by the atheims, the subsersive ways and the rejection of the liberty of that doctrine. It follows that these states opt frankly for the liberalism. But, by the force of circumstances, they will come to pull up to the Eastern countries. However, this overture result in desillu- sions, especially in the matter of economic cooperation, including Benin, became marxist-leninist (1974) and Burkina Faso, placed itself in the socia- list camp (1983). As a consequence, the soviet block will never achieve to disqualify the western countries in the five states where their supremacy remains indisputable
Southam, Peter. ""Modernisation", "question nationale" et influences exogènes : le discours élitaire sur les politiques sociales au Québec, 1930-1960." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29224.
Full textBossuroy, Thomas. "Quatre essais sur la dynamique des structures sociales et politiques en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0018.
Full textThe first chapter uses household surveys to set down a measurement of intergenerational mobility between the farm and non-farm sectors in Ghana, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. The differences between former French and former British colonies (the latter displaying a much higher level of social fluidity) result from different educational and settlement policies implemented by the colonizers, which impacted educational, geographical and in turn occupational mobility. The second chapter explores the individual incentives to identify to the ethnic group, by using recent surveys from seven West-African countries. Education and a strategic use of kinship networks by underprivileged people and the migrants stand out as the main driving forces. Ethnic identification may be viewed as an instrument for upward mobility when formal means of social achievement are failing The third chapter investigates whether ethnicity drove the election results of the 2004 presidential poil in Ghana, and therefore uses several datasets matched at the district level. An ethnic and a non-ethnic model are compared. Ethnicity explains the structure of votes slightly better, but does not rule out the non-ethnic model. But the ethnic mode! fails to account for the evolution of votes between two polls, which is the result of evaluative voting. Non-ethnic determinants thus appear to drive the pivotal voter and, therefore, election outcomes. The fourth chapter argues that studies on the African political economy should focus less on structural features like ethnic fragmentation and neopatrimonialism, and more on how political and economic inequalities shape the dynamics of social structures
Etamane, Mahop Alain Thomas. "Pouvoirs publics et développement socio-économique à l'Est Cameroun 1960-2010 : analyse historique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3044.
Full textThe goal of my work was to show the actions of Cameroonian government in the economic and social development in East Cameroon from 1960 to 2010. This said, from her accession to independence in 1960, the young state of Cameroon had to be accomplished, affirmed and became master of her destiny. On the political domain, political instability reigned in several regions of the country. At the economic level, the Cameroonian authorities mobilized themselves to develop the country and to make it an environment of prosperity. This came about by the putting in place a policy of an economic, social and cultural development through an indicative type of planification. This Cameroonian political planification of development was an instrument of organization, of orientation and the animation of economic and social development. East Cameroon, a poor parent in matters of development had benefited from some developmental projects which were in contrast with the potentialities of the region. As for the government, the challengers were many to overcome so as to bring out the region from under development to reduce poverty. To this effect, the idea of reflection that was received was possible only it they remained in line with aspirations of the government constructed to attain the objectives of development. The results obtained were contrasted at different levels. The development envisaged in the East of Cameroon is in accordance to the participation of the region to the economic growth
Gillot, Jean-Jacques. "Les communistes et le Parti Communiste Français en Périgord : de "la Révolution d'Octobre" à l'avènement de la Vème République (1917-1958) : essai monographique d'histoire politique et sociale contemporaine." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30006.
Full textThis essay is about the monographic analysis and the collective biography of the communist enterprise in Périgord, from its beginning to the institutional breaking system brought by the Gaullist regime. The research is organized in a chrono-thematic manner, strating with an "ecological detour", an approach of the country and its people, rural and urban, local and immigrant. It follows on with the "Front populaire", the second world conflict, the cold war and the decolonization. The different configurations and processes of the communist activism are specifically recalled at the last part which explains the relationships and the pragmatism of a network of organisms adapted to the requirements and the expectancies of entire social groups. Amongst other things, the large appendix is a testimony of the public opinion regarding the communist ideology and the candidates during forty years of electoral competitions
Ould, Saleck El-Arby. "Le paradoxe de l'abolition de l'esclavage et l'enjeu politique de la question haratine en Mauritanie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010285.
Full textDuchesne, Eric. "Le rationalisme libéral pragmatique de Claude Ryan comme pilier central de la doctrine Pelletier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20304.
Full textOuld, Ciré Mohamed Yahya. "L'abolition de l'esclavage en Mauritanie et les difficultés de son application." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020041.
Full textXiberras, Valérie. "Analyse du concept d'intellectuel à travers la figure sociale de l'"évolué" du Congo belge, 1945-1960 : de l'"évolué" à l'intellectuel : transition impossible." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28762.
Full textChamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194445.
Full textOkoundzi, Jérôme. "Organisation sociale, systèmes de production et perspectives de développement économique dans le bassin de la Sébé, Gabon." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20020.
Full textThe village agriculture of the Sébé area is ecological and biological; it can become an asset in the future debates over the ecological and biological agronomy if the economic concerns follow the mentalities and the current philosophy that promotes wholesome food. It appears that economically and socially, the inhabitants of the Sébé area remain viable and capable of producing surplus goods/products/crop, provided that these ones have a reliable and continuous purchaser. There is a particular lack of economic infrastructures to this village economy. This is why we have offered to create a local and inter-village organization that will launch the economic development. This organization will be some kind of interface capable of leading the village dwellers to the transition from a domestic village economy to a national economy of market. We have named this local organization "AUDACE"; it could also be a new conception of the village economy. The results of a survey that we made among young educated people confirm that the rural economy in Gabon is still distincly contrasted with the urban economy. Not only does our proposal value a local development that should adapt the village dwellers to the national economy of market, but it also reconstructs social relations by redefining the dichotomous roles of men and women
Blais, Martin. "De poète à député : analyse de l'engagement civique de Gérald Godin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25809.
Full textPitroipa, Rayanesalgo Anatole. "Le Nigéria à l'épreuve du terrorisme : une analyse des racines sociohistoriques et politiques de la violence revendiquée par Boko Haram." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26154.
Full textHerrou, Tual Claudie. "Le cinéma de Lorenzo Soler dans l'Espagne franquiste : (1963-1970) : (Les images de la réalité sociale en Espagne sous séquestre)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL040.
Full textIn 1962, in Barcelona, Lorenzo Soler’s path crossed again Juan Piquer’s, by chance. Both were from the Posguerra generation. In their hometown, Valencia, they had attended the same posh college… and suffered the same experiences, because of the injustices of the Franco’s society. Their reunion marked the beginning of a close friendship. Juan Piquer was a film maker. Under his influence, Lorenzo Soler founded a movie production company. On July 29th 1963, a bomb exploded in downtown Madrid. The two young men were deeply shocked by the bomb attack. Lorenzo Soler then decided to produce a documentary on the obscure period that preceded the Civil War. The two friends’ commitment was exemplary. The first part of the thesis unveils the story of the documentary, from the study of the censure, because there is no copy of the movie, shot as a 35 mm film. In 1965, Juan Piquer went back to Madrid for work. In 1964, the producer started directing movies, using a 16 mm camera. In October 1965, Barcelona town council decided to promote its housing policy toward the southern Spain immigrants, Lorenzo Soler was in charge of a commissioned documentary. While shooting, he discovered el barraquismo, a lump in his throat, he shot, but his work was confiscated. Then the film maker’s decision became irrevocable, his work had to testify. The second part of the thesis deals with the career, from 1965 to 1970, of the precursor of a new cinema in Spain : el cine [documental] independiente
Dtematio, Akana Parfait. "Une ethnographie de la folie à Yaoundé : la rue, le politique et la clinique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0036.
Full textThis work explores the ethnography of madness in Yaoundé. It takes the perspective of phenomenological sociology. More simply, it describes mediations, terms and operativity of madness. It tries to exhume and describe "practice intelligibility" of acts and speech produced by "members", at different levels, about madness. We chose to work on this issue by articulating three main points, all interrelated namely: "street", the clinical and the politics. Firstly, the inquiry' describes scenes, especially in the public space, which represent some of manifestations of madness. This concerns specially the practices of denudation, sexual abuses on/and between people suffering from mental illness (involving sometimes occult economies) and body performances on a degrading and obscene mode. Secondly, the inquiry de scribes discourses that exemplify the different ways of knowing madness by "members" (Garfinkel) in a configuration that includes people and institutional political actors. Are also described and analyzed how actors are facing to the biomedical model, not only in resisting it, or in adopting it, but in resorting, in a complex configuration, to the local knowledges which represent the dominant model in society and which are based on the knowledges of ethnomedecines and all kinds of religious therapies against a State whose the taking care of mental health problems based largely on politicies of enmity and indifference …
Megne, M'ella Ghislain Desire. "L'organisation sociale du sport au GABON, de l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2012). Analyse socio-historique des facteurs de facilitations et des contraintes. Perspectives comparatives : Caméroun-Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0317/document.
Full textThe ambition that leads this thesis is as original as fascinating: analyzing the roleof the social organization of the Gabonese sport in the context of a developing country, themode of expression of the local people in the colonial period, and the element of integrationin the concert of nations after the independences. This research, in general, seeks tocomprehend sport organizations in Gabon. It is all about understanding the implication andthe impact of sport federations in Gabon from its independence (1960) to now. A trip in thepast reveals us that sport federations are separated from the traditional culture and modernculture. Therefore, we can see why they are out of touch with the current economic and socioculturalneeds of the moment. As we travel back in time, the purpose of this thesis ismultidisciplinary and comparative, based on the methods of the sociology of sport. It seeks todecrypt historical, social, political, economic and institutional conditions; and the logic of thepresent actors, so to understand the consequences that follow, and are testimonies of a uniqueorganization a francophone area (Gabon, Cameroon, and Senegal). This thesis informs aboutthe sport policies. Who organizes? How? In whose interest? These principal questions lead usto the overall problematic: Why sport organizations in Gabon favor more imported models oforganization. In more detail, how the transposition of the French model influences sportpolicies in Gabon; and how does it interact with the local particularities. Far from being aGabonese specificity solely, the colonial input remains a substantial propriety in youngAfrican states
Nondowou, Bassimie. "Les nouvelles générations togolaises entre la tradition et l'influence occidentale : Le cas des Kabyé." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL218.
Full textSince the Kabye society came into contact with the european culture through colonization and evangelization, it has become, as all dominated societies, more and more hybrid and ambivalent. Today's Kabye generations have difficulty to define themselves is regard to both cultures. Three fundamental factros explain this traidtional values destabilization : economic, cultural, and religious factors. Economically speaking Kabye people were sent by the colonial authorities for hard labours in the central and south areas of Togo, far from their living environnement, when released from hard labours, they worked in private and public plantations to survive. They discovered then money. Henceforth, this money will replace the traditional exchange and modify relationship not only between people but also within families. The school education supplanted the traditional education wich remained a folklore. Youth clubs and associations replaced former age groups. The christian religion put the finishing touches to this work buy running down and fighting the animism, the exclusive religion of the traditional Kabye people. As result, we attend to a victory of the universal model the standardization of the "imaginary"
Ditengou, Rockaya. "Politique, médias et développement : l'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans le cas du Gabon en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD030/document.
Full textGabon, a country of central Africa, has a population of about 1 500 000 inhabitants. TheGabonese economy relies mainly on its natural resources. Since the begining of 1990, this countryhas chosen a development plan, aiming at the diversification of its economic sectors. It is in thisperspective that the country pays a particular attention to ICT (Information and CommunicationTechnology) and to its intergration in the process of development. However, ICT poses a triplechallenge: that of know-how; social skills; and that of the preservation of the general interest. Asin the other french-speaking countries, Gabonese leaders have understood the strategic importanceof ICT in the future of Gabon. The fact remains that the use and appropriation of ICT can bebeneficial, if they are mastered and guided by a farsighted public policy,which is a greatopportunity for social cohesion and intergration. On the other hand, when this fails, it can bringabout additional inequalities. As a matter of fact, if the environment defined by ICT is that ofaccelerating change and structural performance, the difficulties are significant when it comes tothe adaptation and the appropriation of these tools by many people. This research is interested inthe conditions of a real social cohesion which would be fostered by ICT. This requires a politicalcontext which favours access to Information Technology in the largest sense. We are thereforefocusing our attention on the political structures
Rochon, Sylvie. "L'influence du journalisme dans l'oeuvre d'Albert Camus : constitution d'une éthique de la responsabilité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31944.
Full text339571\u Albert Camus (1913-1960) a produit une œuvre considérable, réfléchissant sur les problèmes de son temps par la voie du journalisme, de l’essai, de la littérature, du théâtre ou de conférences. Bien que toutes ces activités soient connues, le rapport intrinsèque entre les écrits journalistiques et l’œuvre philosophico-littéraire demeure circonscrit à l’examen de quelques thèmes ou d’extraits spécifiques. Or, depuis la parution de la plupart des textes journalistiques de Camus (1938-1956) dans les Œuvres complètes (La Pléiade, 2006-2008), il est possible de questionner les propos tenus par le journaliste, en fonction de l’originalité de leur contenu, mais aussi dans leur rapport à plusieurs de ses autres écrits. C’est ce thème du lien possible entre les articles de journaux et les essais et textes littéraires qui fait l’objet de la présente thèse. Le lien dont il est ici question s’appuie sur une lecture des articles et éditoriaux qui dévoile la structuration d’une pensée qui, partant des faits sur lesquels Albert Camus prenait position, se mettait peu à peu au diapason d’une exigence morale qui s’est non seulement maintenue au cours de ces années, mais qui s’est amplifiée jusqu’à constituer une éthique de la responsabilité. De plus, cette éthique s’est manifestée dans les prises de position philosophiques et littéraires en plusieurs occasions, ce qui permet de questionner l’influence du journalisme sur le processus créatif de Camus. Toutefois, prétendre à cette démonstration exige d’abord de vérifier en quoi Camus était un intellectuel engagé dans la défense de valeurs spécifiques. Il importe de le faire puisque Camus lui-même a, le plus souvent, désavoué tout rapport à l’engagement ou encore à l’humanisme, du moins dans le sens généralement admis de ces notions au cours de la première moitié du vingtième siècle. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de faire valoir la nature d’un engagement intellectuel réel chez Camus, fondé sur un souci humaniste qui a donné lieu à la création d’une éthique de la responsabilité, par le biais d’une confrontation aux difficultés de la vie humaine et ce, par l’exercice du journalisme. Une éthique si prégnante qu’elle a aussi guidé le travail de philosophe et de romancier, permettant à Camus de donner du relief aux thèmes, aux histoires, ainsi qu’aux types de personnages qui ont donné lieu à plusieurs de ses livres majeurs.
Abdoulkarimou, Saïdou. "Projets, développement territorial et pérennisation des actions : le cas du Niger et de la lutte contre la pauvreté." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30092/document.
Full textSince more than forty years, projects have been elaborated and implemented in Niger to insure the socioeconomical development. But unfortunately the expected results have not been satisfactory.For fifteen years, the doctorand has been working with programs and projects as an agent of development. Through this Thesis, he wanted to understand the reasons of the predominance and limits of the program|project approach to perpetuate actions that they initiated so as to have sustainable impacts on poverty. Through an analysis of literature and experiences of the projects in which he participated, he explored the concept of poverty by applying it in Niger and has characterized the concept of program and project. He has justified his words through the analysis of the evolution of the village of M’BIDA within a period of forty years as regards to poverty. The research that has been implemented helped in achieving some results. In Niger, poverty is a multidimensional, complicated and dynamic phenomenon with interactions among factors. However, the socio-cultural dimension is a determining factor in the fight against poverty Projects constitute a world of actors and social practices. Projects and programs agents do not have means to integrate in their methods of intervention strategies of population and social groups that are locally important on one hand and those of extremely vulnerable population on the other hand. The lack of post project evaluation does not help in evaluating the sustainable impacts and to capitalize the good practices. Considering the various contrasts the doctorand suggests the generalization of the territorial approach to contribute in solving difficulties related to the approaches of projects and programs
Makouatsa, Boupo Nina-Marinette. "La dynamique de coopération dans le secteur de l'économie sociale et solidaire au Gabon : Cas de la COOPEAN et de la COOPAM : état des lieux et perspectives." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2029.
Full textThis thesis is the result of an empirical survey carried out in Gabon from 2012 to 2014, with two cooperatives: COOPEAN and COOPAM respectively located in Libreville and Ntoum. In this thesis, I make a comparative analysis of the cooperative relations and practices through the behaviors and the social representations of its actors. I put into question the responsibility of the State and that of the members of these cooperatives in relation to the weak dynamics of these structures. On one hand, the responsibility of the State is summed up by its lack of control over modern cooperative systems and its weak support for these structures; On the other hand, cooperators, in the face of economic competition and local beliefs, adopt strategies and behaviors that are more in keeping with their particular ambitions and interests. Surveys and field observations show that the cooperation of the members in the various cooperatives is deployed in dynamics in which affinities, complexes of superiority and inferiority, a break in confidence, jealousy, tensions, contradictions, Economic and social uncertainties. The use of occult forces and the use of sorcery and fetish practices related to competitions, productive and commercial rivalries, and the conflicts associated with unequal power and the management of common resources, constitute serious obstacles in the cooperation of members and the development of cooperatives. These internal realities of cooperatives show that the members do not show a real will for freedom, equality, transparency, democracy, consideration and ethics specific to cooperatives
Aidoudi, Lamia. "Le cinéma tunisien des années 1970 en tant qu’espace public autonome d’accueil et de co-construction de la contestation politique et sociale : configuration du récit et du discours." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30028.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation hangs on three key concepts : Space, Narrative and Speech. It is focused on a main and significant body of six Tunisian films, every one made during the 1970s, a period of political, social and cultural effervescence and great social movements. So, the research is thus centered on the analysis of the different modes of presence on the scene, as they were invested by people who contributed to animate them, from different points of view and narrative performances. Faced with the dominant and coercive discourse of the established power, a counter-speech was indeed born and developed, carried by both male and female voices that challenged the political and social control of the regime of Bourguiba, President of the Republic of Tunisia at that time, both on institutions, associations and Tunisian ever-day life in general. For most of them, mixing both political offensive and mastered aesthetic language, the Tunisian cinema of the 1970s was the main catalyst for a political and social challenge that students, trade union, cultural associations, and leftist activists were also taking the lead. In this sense, it has been able to constitute what we consider as an autonomous public sphere, both welcoming and co-constructing an exemplary Tunisian public expression
Esta disertación doctoral se articula en torno a tres conceptos clave : espacio, narrativa y discurso. Se basa en un cuerpo principal y significativa de las seis películas de Túnez, todos hechos en la década de 1970, un período de agitación política, social y cultural y de grandes movimientos sociales. La investigación se centra tanto en el análisis de los diferentes modos de presencia del lugar, ya que se han invertido por los eventos relacionados con este período en particular y los personajes que contribuyeron a animar, a partir de diferentes puntos de vista y registros narrativos. Dado el discurso dominante y los poderes coercitivos fácticos, un contra-discurso hecho nace y se desarrolla, llevado por los dos voces masculinas y femeninas que desafían el dominio del régimen de Bourguiba, Presidente de la República de Túnez en este momento, en las instituciones, asociaciones así como la vida tunecina en general. La mayoría de sus cineastas ha sabido combinar ofensiva política y lenguaje estético dominado. Así, el cine tunecino de estos década de 1970 fue el principal catalizador de la protesta política y social que los estudiantes, sindicatos, asociaciones culturales, activistas de izquierda también fueron adalides. En este sentido, podría ser lo que consideramos como un espacio público independiente, tanto para acoger y co-construir una expresión pública tunecina ejaemplar