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Journal articles on the topic 'Polk County'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Hamilton, Nadean L., and Richard M. Tempero. "Regional charter making in Polk county, Iowa." National Civic Review 81, no. 4 (1992): 500–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100810410.

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2

Hansen, Barbara C. S., Eric C. Grimm, and William A. Watts. "Palynology of the Peace Creek site, Polk County, Florida." Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, no. 6 (June 2001): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0682:potpcs>2.0.co;2.

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3

Kerstein, Robert J., and Canter Brown. "None Can Have Richer Memories: Polk County, Florida, 1940-2000." Journal of Southern History 73, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649539.

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4

Ahmed, Zafar, Michael McVay, David Horhota, and Robert Ho. "Polk County Expressway: A Laboratory, Numerical, and Field Study of Consolidation." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131, no. 9 (September 2005): 1118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:9(1118).

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5

Wright, R. Dean. "UNDER THE BRIDGES OF POLK COUNTY:. A Laboratory for Teaching and Research." Sociological Quarterly 40, no. 1 (December 1998): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1998.tb02009.x.

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6

Wright, R. Dean. "Under the Bridges of Polk County: A Laboratory for Teaching and Research." Sociological Quarterly 40, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1999.tb02355.x.

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7

Nicholls, David G. "Migrant Labor, Folklore, and Resistance in Hurston's Polk County: Reframing Mules and Men." African American Review 33, no. 3 (1999): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901213.

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8

Lester, Mark A. "Polk County Public Schools: Leading the Way in Florida with Low Tech Solutions." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 33, no. 3 (January 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485236.2014.10781522.

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9

Glover, Eric M. "Joy and Love in Zora Neale Hurston and Dorothy Waring’s 1944 Black Feminist Musical Polk County." TDR: The Drama Review 65, no. 2 (June 2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1054204321000071.

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What makes Zora Neale Hurston different as a musical theatre writer is her concern about the creation of safe spaces for black women actors. By looking at the theatrical representation of black women in Hurston and Dorothy Waring’s Polk County, it is possible to see ways in which they resist intersecting oppressions of gender and race. Hurston’s adaptation of the blues and folk music for the musical is also subject to analysis, as is her lasting impact on musical theatre.
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10

Corogin, Paul T., and Walter S. Judd. "Floristic Inventory of Tiger Creek Preserve and Saddle Blanket Scrub Preserve, Polk County, Florida." Rhodora 111, no. 948 (October 2009): 448–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3119/08-16.1.

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11

Nikolai, A. "Dining with Diabetes Community Partnership to Reach the Financially Vulnerable in Polk County, Florida." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 120, no. 9 (September 2020): A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.032.

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12

Floore, Tom, and Robert Ward. "Evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus Against Mansonia dyari Larvae in Phosphate Lakes in Polk County, Florida." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 25, no. 3 (September 2009): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/08-5835.1.

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13

SHELLEY, ROWLAND M., CHRIS T. McALLISTER, and JENNIFER L. HOLLIS. "A new milliped of the genus Abacion Rafinesque, 1820 from Arkansas, U. S. A. (Callipodida: Abacionidae)." Zootaxa 170, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.170.1.1.

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Abacion wilhelminae, the fifth species in the genus and the first discovered in 60 years, is described from two males collected on Rich Mountain, Polk County, Arkansas. Diagnostic features include a spiniform branch "A" of the postfemur that diverges from branch "B," a broad lobe near midlength of the tibiotarsus, and a distally reflexed tibiotarsus that narrows but does not taper and is apically broad. The setal migration pattern on the first six pleurotergites, which is shared by the east-Nearctic Abacionidae and the southwestern and south coastal Texas subfamily Tynommatinae (Schizopetalidae), is detailed.
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14

Callahan, J. L., and C. D. Morris. "Survey of 13 Polk County, Florida Lakes for Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and Midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) Production." Florida Entomologist 70, no. 4 (December 1987): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3494789.

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15

Smith, David M., John McFadden, and Karl A. Passetti. "Automated Enforcement of Red Light Running Technology and Programs: A Review." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-05.

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Automated enforcement involves the use of image capture technology to monitor and enforce traffic control laws, regulations, or restrictions. The increase in aggressive driving and the high percentage of crashes that occur at intersections led to the development and implementation of automated enforcement technology to detect and cite motorists who enter a signalized intersection in violation of the red phase. The primary focus of this research was to establish how well the automated enforcement system achieves its principal objective: reducing crashes and red light running (RLR) violations at signalized intersections. Evaluations of automated enforcement programs at three locations in the United States were performed as part of this research. The automated enforcement programs in New York City; Polk County, Florida; and Howard County, Maryland, were reviewed as a part of this research. Some of the major findings from this research are as follows: ( a) In 1997 there were over 789,000 crashes at signalized intersections, of which 97,000 were attributed to RLR; ( b) In 1997, 961 deaths were attributed to RLR; ( c) Electronic enforcement is a proven technique used globally to curb RLR violations and crashes; ( d) A synthesis of automated RLR enforcement programs in the United States showed promising results; ( e) New York City has the oldest automated RLR enforcement program in the United States and has yielded a 20 percent reduction in violations since 1993; ( f) Although additional data quantifying the effect of automated RLR enforcement campaigns are needed for Polk and Howard counties, preliminary findings are promising; ( g) A 10-step process for successful implementation of an automated RLR enforcement program was illustrated.
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16

Berry, Edwin C., and Douglas L. Karlen. "Comparison of alternative farming systems. II. Earthworm population density and species diversity." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 8, no. 1 (March 1993): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004872.

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Effects of soil fauna on soil quality are largely unknown. Our objective was to learn whether long-term soil management has significantly affected earthworm species and populations at two Iowa locations. Soil cores were collected in fall 1989, spring 1990, and fall 1990 from a long-term tillage study in Polk County, Iowa, involving monoculture of corn (Zea mays L.) with either no-tillage, fall disking, fall chisel plowing, or fall moldboard plowing. Species found were Lumbricus terrestris (L), Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), A. turgida (Eisen), and A. tuberculata (Eisen), with O. tyrtaeum dominant across all treatments. As the amount of tillage increased, the number of earthworms generally decreased. InBoone County, Iowa, we compared the populations of mature and immature earthworms and cocoons on two adjacent fields, one managed conventionally, the other managed with an alternative farming system for more than 20 years. The predominant species was A. tuberculata. Regardless of management practice, the most worms were found in Canisteo soil on the toeslope landscape position.
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17

Zhang, Zhonggui, Yi Ming, and Gangbing Song. "Identify Road Clusters with High-Frequency Crashes Using Spatial Data Mining Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 5282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245282.

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This paper develops a three-step spatial data mining approach to directly identify road clusters with high-frequency crashes (RCHC). The first step, preprocessing, is to store the roads and crashes in a spatial database. The second step is to describe the conceptualization of road–road and crash–road spatial relationships. The spatial weight matrix of roads (SWMR) is constructed to describe the conceptualization of road–road spatial relationships. The conceptualization of crash–road spatial relationships is established using crash spatial aggregation algorithm. The third step, spatial data mining, is to identify RCHC using the cluster and outlier analysis (local Moran’s I index). This approach was validated using spatial data set including roads and road-related crashes (2008–2018) from Polk County, IOWA, U.S.A. The findings of this research show that the proposed approach is successful in identifying RCHC and road outliers.
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18

Childers, Carl C., and Edward A. Ueckermann. "The Tetranychoidea, Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea mite complex on Florida citrus between 1954 and 2014: pests or beneficials?" Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 7 (July 23, 2020): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.7.8.

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A survey of the mite fauna on citrus was conducted in 542 dooryard trees in the following counties: Dade (24), Broward (127), Palm Beach (68), Martin (35), St. Lucie (20), Indian River (11), Collier (23), Lee (37), Charlotte (20), Sarasota (67), Manatee (18), Pinellas (59), Polk (32), and Highlands (1) to update our knowledge of the mite complex on Florida citrus. We also sampled 25 varietal citrus trees at two research centers in Polk and Dade Counties. A third block of 'Tahiti' lime trees was sampled at the Tropical Research & Education Center in Dade County. At least 787 commercial citrus trees were also sampled in Florida between 2009 and 2014. Here we report the frequency and occurrence of the Tetranychoidea, Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea on those trees. Previous field studies of the Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea on citrus in Florida between 1993-2003, a horticultural mineral oil (HMO) field study during 1994-1996 and M. H. Muma from 1961-1975 are included for comparison. Eutetranychus species near orientalis was collected from a lemon tree in Broward County. This is a new record of this species on Florida citrus. Additional new records of mites on Florida citrus include Tarsonemidae: Fungitarsonemus setillus Sousa et al, Tarsonemus confusus Ewing, and Tarsonemus waitei Banks; Tydeoidea: (Iolinidae)- Parapronematus n sp, Neopronematus n sp; (Triophtydeidae): Triophtydeus immanis Kuznetzov, T. n sp; (Tydeidae): Afrotydeus n sp, Brachytydeus sp near australiensis, B. n sp, Pretydeus sp near reticulatus, and Tydeus sp near munsteri. Seven species of tarsonemids were collected from dooryard and varietal block citrus during the 2009-2014 survey compared with one species from commercial citrus trees. A total of 27 species of Tarsonemidae were collected from citrus in Florida between 1954 and 2014. Thirteen species of Tydeoidea were collected from dooryard and varietal block citrus trees during the 2009-2014 survey compared with 4 species from commercial citrus trees. A total of 31 species of Tydeoidea were collected from citrus in Florida between 1961-2014. The roles that different species of tarsonemid and tydeoid mites have as plant feeders, fungivores, mycophages, or predators of one or more phytophagous mites are discussed.
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19

Smith, Lisa M., Jeffery A. Gore, Elizabeth C. Braun de Torrez, Elysia Webb, Frank Ridgley, and Brett Tornwall. "High Incidence of Hypopigmented Marks in the Endangered Florida Bonneted Bat." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112018-jfwm-110.

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Abstract Aberrant patches of white skin or fur known as hypopigmented marks have been observed in many mammal species worldwide, but they are typically limited to only a few individuals in a population. Hypopigmented marks were documented in only two museum specimens of the federally endangered Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus) as early as 1950, but recent observations suggest that these marks may be more common in this species than previously believed. To better understand the occurrence and persistence of hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats, we evaluated the variation in frequency, compared effects on survival, and assessed spatial and temporal differences of specimens at an intensively studied site and across the species range. From 2014 through 2017, we regularly captured Florida bonneted bats for demographic studies at Babcock–Webb Wildlife Management Area in Charlotte County and we observed hypopigmented marks on 172 (80.8%) of 213 individuals, the highest incidence known for bats. The proportion of hypopigmented marks did not differ with sex, age at first capture, or reproductive status, and importantly, we documented the persistence of hypopigmented marks in individuals over multiple months. We also found no difference in survival or capture probability between hypopigmented and solid-colored individuals. Using data from concurrent mist-net studies, we assessed the proportion of Florida bonneted bats with hypopigmented marks across the species range and found a higher proportion of individuals with hypopigmented marks in the two northern counties (80.8% in Charlotte County and 61.5% in Polk County) compared with the two southern counties (21.1% in Miami–Dade County and 16.7% in Collier County). Additionally, we compared the proportion of hypopigmented individuals in Miami–Dade County between recently captured/collected bats (post-2004) and historically (pre-1965) collected museum specimens and found more hypopigmented marks in recently captured bats. The persistence of hypopigmented marks over time, the presence of marks on bats from different locations, and our finding of no effect of age on the presence of marks all strongly suggest that the hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats are the result of genetic rather than environmental factors. Further study is required to understand the mechanism underlying the high incidence of hypopigmented marks and to determine whether the prevalence of hypopigmented marks indicates low genetic diversity that could threaten Florida bonneted bats.
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20

Alves Júnior, José, Wije Bandaranayake, Larry R. Parsons, and Adão W. P. Evangelista. "Citrus root distribution under water stress grown in sandy soil of central Florida." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 6 (December 2012): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000600012.

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The experiment was conducted in an orchard located in University of Florida (Citrus Research and Education Center), Lake Alfred, Polk County, Florida, USA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress in root distribution of 'Valencia' orange tree on 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstock. Three treatments were imposed on the trees: 1) normal irrigation with microsprinklers, 2) no irrigation in winter (November through mid-March) and 3) rainfall exclusion by placing a water repelling fabric (Tyvek) under the trees. Trees in treatments 1 and 2 received normal rainfall during the winter, but treatment 3 received no rain. Normal irrigation was resumed on all treatments in mid March. Soil was collected using root auger head (0.09 m diameter and height 0.25 m) in two opposing quadrants (West and East at 3 horizontal distances from tree trunk (1, 2 and 3 m) and 4 depths (0.0-0.15; 0.15-0.30; 0.30-0.60 and 0.60-0.90 m). The results from root sampling showed that there was a significant difference in root distribution between irrigated treatment and non irrigated/non rainfall.
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21

DAVIS, CARISA R., LOREE C. HELLER, K. KEALY PEAK, DAVID L. WINGFIELD, CYNTHIA L. GOLDSTEIN-HART, DEAN W. BODAGER, ANDREW C. CANNONS, PHILIP T. AMUSO, and JACQUELINE CATTANI. "Real-Time PCR Detection of the Thermostable Direct Hemolysin and Thermolabile Hemolysin Genes in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cultured from Mussels and Mussel Homogenate Associated with a Foodborne Outbreak." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.1005.

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Molecular methods have become vital epidemiological tools in the detection and characterization of bacteria associated with a foodborne outbreak. We used both culture and real-time PCR to detect a Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate associated with a foodborne outbreak. The outbreak occurred in July 2002 in Polk County, Florida, and originated at a Chinese buffet, with one person being hospitalized. The hospital isolated V. parahaemolyticus from the patient but destroyed the sample after diagnosis. From an onsite visit of the restaurant, food samples that possibly contributed to the outbreak were collected and sent to the Florida Department of Health, Tampa Branch Laboratory. Crab legs, crabsticks, and mussel samples were homogenized and incubated according to the Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual culture protocol. Three sets of primers and a TaqMan probe were designed to target the tdh, trh, and tlh genes and used for real-time PCR. This study was successful in isolating V. parahaemolyticus from a mussel sample and detecting two of its genes (tdh and tlh) in food and pure culture by real-time PCR.
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22

Martin, J. R., C. H. Keller, R. A. Clarke, and R. L. Knight. "Long-term performance summary for the Boot Wetland Treatment System." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0860.

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The Boot WTS is a 46.5-ha, hydrologically altered cypress-gum wetland in Polk County, Florida. Poinciana Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 3 has discharged advanced secondary treated effluent to the Boot WTS since August 1984. Comprehensive operational monitoring has been ongoing since 1990. The Boot WTS has provided consistent removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Influent total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations averaged approximately 10.0 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L at an average hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.2 cm/d. Wetland effluent concentrations for TN and TP averaged 1.8 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L. Available flow and water quality data were used to develop estimates of the first-order removal rate, k, for TN (14 m/y) and TP (1.8 m/y). These removal rates are within the range of values for other forested treatment wetlands. Biochemical oxygen demand (2.2 mg/L) and total suspended solids (4.9 mg/L) in the influent are near background levels for forested wetlands and are not significantly reduced with passage through the system.
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23

Martin, J. R., R. A. Clarke, and R. L. Knight. "Ecological characteristics of a natural wetland receiving secondary effluent." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0846.

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The Boot wetland treatment system is a 115-acre, hydrologically altered cypress-gum wetland in Polk County, Florida. The Poinciana Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 3 has discharged secondary effluent to the bermed Boot wetland since August 1984. Before that time this natural wetland had been affected adversely by forestry, drainage, and surrounding development which contributed to dying trees and a groundcover of invasive upland plants. In accordance with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Wetlands Application Rule (Chapter 62-611, F.A.C.), a routine biological and water quality monitoring program has been in effect since October 1990. Components of the biological monitoring program include surveys of canopy and subcanopy, herbaceous and shrub groundcover species, benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, and nuisance mosquitoes. Effluent addition to the Boot wetland has resulted in continuous wetland inundation with a typical water depth of 2.5 to 3.0 feet for the past 15 years. Dominance and density of trees has steadily increased, upland invader species were eliminated, and stable plant, fish, and invertebrate communities were established. The long term biological data from this treatment wetland is compared to data from other natural treatment wetlands and a control wetland.
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24

Jhala, Amit J., Analiza H. M. Ramirez, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Patrick Van Damme, and Megh Singh. "Herbicide Tank Mixtures for Broad-Spectrum Weed Control in Florida Citrus." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00105.1.

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Weed control in Florida citrus is primarily based on herbicides. Saflufenacil, a POST-applied herbicide is recently registered for broadleaf weed control in citrus. Saflufenacil has very limited grass activity; therefore, it should be tank mixed with graminicides or broad-spectrum herbicides to increase the spectrum of weed control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at two locations (Polk County and Orange County, FL) to evaluate the efficacy and potential antagonism or synergy of saflufenacil and sethoxydim applied alone or tank mixed, and various two- and three-way mixes with glyphosate or pendimethalin. The results suggested that tank mixing saflufenacil and sethoxydim had neither synergistic nor antagonistic effect on broadleaf and grass weed control, respectively. Tank mixing pendimethalin with saflufenacil and sethoxydim improved broadleaf and grass weed control and reduced weed density and biomass, compared with saflufenacil or sethoxydim applied alone or tank mixed at 45 and 60 d after treatment (DAT). Glyphosate tank mixed with saflufenacil and sethoxydim provided > 90% control of broadleaf and grass weeds at 15 DAT, reduced density ≤ 8 plants m−2, and reduced biomass < 95 g m−2at 60 DAT. Glyphosate applied alone was less effective than it was when tank mixed with saflufenacil and sethoxydim or pendimethalin for broadleaf and grass weed control, indicating an additive effect of tank mixture on glyphosate efficacy. It is concluded that saflufenacil can be tank mixed with sethoxydim for control of broadleaf and grass weeds without antagonism on the efficacy of either herbicide; however, tank mixing saflufenacil and sethoxydim with glyphosate or pendimethalin provided long-term, broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus.
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25

Kunwar, Sudip, Jude Grosser, Fred G. Gmitter, William S. Castle, and Ute Albrecht. "Field Performance of ‘Hamlin’ Orange Trees Grown on Various Rootstocks in Huanglongbing-endemic Conditions." HortScience 56, no. 2 (February 2021): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15550-20.

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Most of the commercially important citrus scion cultivars are susceptible to Huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most devastating disease the citrus industry has ever faced. Because the rootstock can influence the performance of the scion in various ways, including disease and pest tolerance, use of superior rootstocks can assist citrus growers with minimizing the negative effects of HLB. The objective of this study was to assess rootstock effects on the horticultural performance and early production potential of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees in commercial field settings under HLB-endemic conditions. Two field trials were conducted in different locations in Central and Southeast Florida. The trials were established in 2015 and included 32 diverse diploid and tetraploid rootstock cultivars and advanced selections. One trial was performed in Highlands County, FL, on a poorly drained flatwoods-type site. Another trial was performed in Polk County, FL, on a well-drained sandy Central Florida Ridge site. Horticultural traits including tree height, canopy volume, trunk diameter, canopy health, leaf nutrient content, yield, and fruit quality were assessed during the 2018–19 and 2019–20 production years. Significant differences were found among trees on different rootstocks for most of the measured traits, particularly tree vigor and productivity, but rootstock effects also varied by location. Rootstocks that induced large tree sizes, such as the diploid mandarin × trifoliate orange hybrids ‘X-639’, ‘C-54’, ‘C-57’, and ‘C-146’, also induced higher yield, but with lower yield efficiency. Most of the tetraploid rootstocks significantly reduced tree size, among which ‘Changsha+Benton’, ‘Green-3’, ‘Amb+Czo’, ‘UFR-3’, and ‘UFR-5’ induced high yield efficiency. Therefore, these rootstocks have the potential to be used in high-density plantings. However, trees on some of these small size-inducing rootstocks had a higher mortality rate and were more vulnerable to tropical force winds. This study provides important information for the selection of rootstocks with the greatest production potential in an HLB-endemic environment, especially during the early years of production.
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26

Isakeit, T., and Y. Jo. "Occurrence of Telia of Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Kudzu in Texas." Plant Disease 92, no. 9 (September 2008): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-9-1369c.

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The first discovery of Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow in the continental United States was in Louisiana in 2004 (3). In Texas, the uredial stage of this fungus was first found on kudzu (Pueraria lobata) in November 2005 and 3 months later on soybean (Glycine max) (2). The telial stage of P. pachyrhizi was first reported in the continental United States on kudzu in central Florida (1). On January 5, 2008, telia of P. pachyrhizi along with uredia were found on living kudzu leaves at two locations in Polk and Liberty counties of East Texas, where only the uredial stage had been found in September of 2007. The kudzu in both locations had died back more than 99% in January. A single telium or a cluster of telia were found along with uredinia on the abaxial leaf surface. Telia and uredinia (n = 20) were similar in size, 136.3 ± 26.3 and 133.1 ± 16.4 μm in diameter, respectively. Telia were dark brown to black compared with tan colored uredinia. Elongated, oval-shaped teliospores (n = 15) were 18.1 ± 1.7 μm long and 10.6 ± 1.0 μm wide. A reexamination of herbarium specimens from previous ASR collections indicated that telia had been present on kudzu leaves from Liberty County collected in December of 2005 and 2006. In contrast, telia were not found on soybean leaves collected in February of 2006 and 2007 and January of 2008 from Hidalgo County in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), an area with a subtropical climate where ASR hosts could survive year round. Kudzu does not occur in the LRGV. Infected kudzu in East Texas can support production of telia over the winter months. However, the hosts that can be infected by basidiospores have not been identified, and so the significance of telia as a source of genetic variation is not known. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the telial stage of P. pachyrhizi in Texas. References: (1) C. L. Harmon et al. Plant Dis. 90:380, 2006. (2) T. Isakeit et al. Plant Dis. 90:971, 2006. (3) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.
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27

Almquist, Travis L., and Rodney G. Lym. "Effect of Aminopyralid on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the Native Plant Community in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 2 (August 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00019.1.

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AbstractAminopyralid efficacy on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and potential to injure native species was evaluated in a restored prairie at the Glacial Ridge Preserve managed by The Nature Conservancy in Polk County, MN. Canada thistle stem density was reduced from 17 to 0.1 stems m−2 10 mo after treatment (MAT) with aminopyralid applied in the fall at 120 g ha−1. Aminopyralid also altered the composition of both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. Aminopyralid controlled Canada thistle and removed or reduced several undesirable forb species from the restored prairie communities, such as absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). A number of high seral forbs were also reduced or removed by aminopyralid, including maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) and purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea). Foliar cover of high seral forbs in the native plant community was reduced from 12.2 to 7% 22 MAT. The cover of high seral grass species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) increased after aminopyralid application in both the Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities and averaged 41.4% cover compared with only 19.4% before removal of Canada thistle. Species richness, evenness, and diversity were reduced after aminopyralid application in both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. However, the benefits of Canada thistle control, removal of undesirable species, and the increase in native grass cover should lead to an overall improvement in the long-term stability and composition of the restored prairie plant community, which likely outweigh the short-term effects of a Canada thistle control program.
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Thompson, Patricia, Emma V. Jones, Christina Preece, Jinyu Li, Jigna Bhalla, Jules Cohen, Lea N. Baer, Andrew Pierce, and Alison Stopeck. "Translesion synthesis genes POLI and REV1 in breast tumors and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e12642-e12642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12642.

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e12642 Background: Translesion synthesis (TLS) of DNA by specialized polymerases (POLs) and REV1, a scaffold protein that recruits other TLS DNA POLs for nascent strand extension, experimentally enable tumor cells to replicate through DNA damage. TLS POLs are hypothesized to contribute to treatment resistance. Methods: We conducted a discovery gene expression study using NanoString technology with a bespoke codeset enriched for DNA damage response genes and RNA from 12 TN, 10 HER2+ and 29 ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and when available, in the matching residual tumor. Eleven patients achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR), 12 had < 1 cm residual disease (partial responders) and 28 patients had > 1cm residual disease (non-responders). RNA counts were normalized and log-transformed for differential expression analyses corrected for false discovery. Results: DNA polymerase Iota ( POLI) was the top overexpressed gene in the pretreatment biopsy of non-responders independent of tumor subtype (p corrected = 0.0002). Expression of REV1 was also significantly higher in non-responders and positively correlated with POLI (r = 0.577, p < 0.0001). Despite a small sample size, pretreatment expression levels of POLI and REV1 were significantly higher in ER+ (n = 38) than ER- (n = 13) tumors (p = 0.0006). When restricted to ER+ tumors, POL1 and REV1 expression levels were significantly higher in pretreatment biopsy of non-responders (n = 25) than partial and complete responders (n = 13). For ER+ patients, response by median POL1/REV1 expression levels are shown in Table. Pre/post treatment POL1 and REV1 expression did not change in patients with residual disease. Conclusions: In discovery, two genes involved in TLS of DNA (POLI and REV1) were found overexpressed in pretreatment biopsies from breast cancers poorly responsive to NACT, independent of tumor subtype. Overexpression was more common among ER+ tumors, which exhibit a high inherent resistance to chemotherapy. If confirmed, expressed levels of POLI and REV1 may identify a subgroup of breast cancers resistant to NACT for which targeted inhibition of mutagenic TLS may be beneficial. [Table: see text]
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Jhala, Amit J., Analiza H. M. Ramirez, and Megh Singh. "Tank Mixing Saflufenacil, Glufosinate, and Indaziflam Improved Burndown and Residual Weed Control." Weed Technology 27, no. 2 (June 2013): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00141.1.

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Saflufenacil and indaziflam, POST and PRE herbicides, respectively, have been registered recently for weed control in Florida citrus. Glufosinate is under evaluation and may be registered in the future for POST weed control in citrus. Citrus growers often want to have a tank mixture of herbicides that provide broad-spectrum weed control. Saflufenacil is a broadleaf herbicide and needs to be tank mixed with other herbicide(s) to increase weed control spectrum. Information is not available on interaction of saflufenacil, glufosinate, and indaziflam applied in tank mixtures on weed control efficacy. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at two locations (Polk and Orange County, FL) to evaluate the efficacy and potential antagonism or synergy of saflufenacil and glufosinate applied in tank mixes, and various three-way mixes with indaziflam. The results suggested that tank mixing saflufenacil with glufosinate had no effect on grass weed control, but had additive effect on broadleaf weed control. Indaziflam tank mixed at the recommended label rate (0.073 kg ha−1) provided better residual weed control compared with the lower rate (0.05 kg ha−1). Tank mixing indaziflam with saflufenacil and glufosinate improved broadleaf and grass weed control, reduced weed density, and biomass compared with tank mixing saflufenacil and glufosinate. Tank mixing indaziflam at 0.073 kg ha−1with saflufenacil and glufosinate provided ≥ 88% control of broadleaf and grass weeds at 30 d after treatment (DAT), and it was comparable with tank mixing saflufenacil, glyphosate and pendimethalin. This treatment combination recorded the lowest weed density (≤ 7 plants m−2) and biomass (< 80 g m−2) at 60 DAT. Glyphosate applied alone was less effective than tank mixing with saflufenacil and glufosinate for broadleaf and grass weed control. This indicates additive effect of tank mixture on glyphosate efficacy. It is concluded that saflufenacil can be tank mixed with glufosinate for control of broadleaf and grass weeds; however, addition of indaziflam in tank mixture provided long-term, broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus compared with other treatments.
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30

Gwathmey, Robert. "Poll Tax Country." Rethinking Marxism 1, no. 4 (December 1988): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935698808657832.

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31

Trigiano, R. N., A. J. Dattilo, and P. A. Wadl. "First Report of Powdery Mildew on Ruth's Golden Aster (Pityopsis ruthii) Caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Erysiphe cichoracearum)." Plant Disease 95, no. 7 (July 2011): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-11-0289.

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Ruth's golden aster (Pityopsis ruthii (Small) Small: Asteraceae) is an endangered, herbaceous perennial that occurs only at a few sites along small reaches of the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers in Polk County, Tennessee. As part of a planned restoration program, Ruth's golden aster has been micropropagated in vitro and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. In February 2011, several established plants in a greenhouse in Knoxville, TN exhibited signs and symptoms of powdery mildew including growth of white mycelium and conidiophores on the adaxial surface of leaves and slight curling upward of leaf margins. Mycelium was superficial and nipple-shaped appressoria were present. Mycelia, conidiophores, and conidia were removed from several leaves, mounted in water, and examined microscopically. Cylindrical to ovoid conidia (n = 100) lacking fibrosin bodies were borne in chains and had a mean length of 32.0 μm (19.2 to 38.7 μm) and width of 14.9 μm (6.3 to 21.2 μm). The description and dimension of the conidia agreed well with that provided for Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Erysiphe cichoracearum) reported on Coreopsis spp. (1,3) and Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle) (2). The teleomorph was not observed. Total genomic DNA was extracted from infected leaves, amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers for the 18S rRNA subunit (4), and visualized on a 2% ethidium bromide agarose gel. An amplicon of fungal origin, approximately 550 bp and smaller than the approximately 700-bp plant ITS amplicon, was excised, purified, and then sequenced. This sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JF779687) and was 99% identical to two G. cichoracearum accessions (Nos. AB77627 and AB77625). Infected leaves were rubbed on leaves of four healthy plants and healthy leaves were rubbed onto other healthy leaves of two additional plants as controls in the greenhouse. Signs of powdery mildew developed on those plants inoculated with infected leaves after 7 to 10 days and the morphology of the fungus was identical to our previous description. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. cichoracearum (E. cichoracearum) infecting Ruth's golden aster. We are not aware of the disease occurring in wild populations of the plant, but it does impact the production of micropropagated plants in the greenhouse. References: (1) D. A. Glawe et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0405-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2006. (2) G. Newcombe and C. Nischwitz. Plant Dis. 88:312, 2004. (3) T. E. Seijo et al. Online publication. doi: 10.1094/PHP-2006-1214-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2006. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press Inc, New York, 1990.
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32

Hankivsky, Olena. "Gender Mainstreaming: A Five-Country Examination." Politics & Policy 41, no. 5 (October 2013): 629–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12037.

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33

McGLEENON, C. F. "The 1753 County Armagh by-election poll revisited." Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/eci.2006.8.

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34

Nurmawati, Thatit, Yeni Kartika Sari, and Aprilia Putri Hidayat. "Evaluation of CD4 Number In HIV / AIDS Patients Who Are Running The Antiretrovial Treatment Program." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v6i2.16790.

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HIV is a health problem for Indonesia and the world. Enforcement of diagnoses and control efforts continue to be made to reduce the number of HIV / AIDS cases. ARVs are becoming efforts to cure HIV by increasing CD4 cell counts. CD4 cell count is a determinant of ARV therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CD4 cell counts in people with HIV / AIDS who were implementing ARV programs. The study design was observational using secondary data in the form of medical record records. The study population was HIV sufferers who registered to run an HIV / AIDS antiretrovial treatment program at the Cendana Poly Ngudi Waluyo Regional Hospital in Blitar in June 2017. Samples in the study were 30 people according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sampling technique using a purposive sampling method. Research instruments using questionnaires. Data analysis uses descriptive method. The results showed that this CD4 cell count had a CD4 cell count of 200 cells / mm 3 by 10%, 200-499 by 90% in patients who were on ARV programs. The patient's condition and obata resistance result in a CD4 cell count not exceeding 500 mm / cell. Key words: amount CD4, ARV , patient HIV
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35

Howard, Jaleel, and Pedro Noguera. "Integration: A Key for Progress in Our Increasingly Diverse Country." Political Science Quarterly 135, no. 3 (September 2020): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polq.13070.

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36

Onasch, Franziska, Anthony Killick, and Walter Herzog. "Is There an Optimal Pole Length for Double Poling in Cross Country Skiing?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 3 (June 2017): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0071.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pole length on energy cost and kinematics in cross country double poling. Seven sub-elite male athletes were tested using pole sets of different lengths (ranging between 77% and 98% of participants’ body height). Tests were conducted on a treadmill, set to a 2% incline and an approximate racing speed. Poling forces, contact times, and oxygen uptake were measured throughout the testing. Pole length was positively correlated with ground contact time (r = .57, p < .001) and negatively correlated with poling frequency (r = −.48, p = .003). Pole length was also positively correlated with pole recovery time and propulsive impulse produced per poling cycle (r = .36, p = .031; r = .35, p = .042, respectively). Oxygen uptake and pole length were negatively correlated (r = −.51, p = .004). This acute study shows that increasing pole length for double poling in sub-elite cross country skiers under the given conditions seems to change the poling mechanics in distinct ways, resulting in a more efficient poling action by decreasing an athlete’s metabolic cost.
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37

Islamiyati, Anna. "Regresi Spline Polynomial Truncated Biprediktor untuk Identifikasi Perubahan Jumlah Trombosit Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue." Al-Khwarizmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 7, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/jpmipa.v7i2.799.

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Abstract:This paper is a longitudinal study using a nonparametric regression model to identify changes in platelet count from dengue fever. Changes in platelet counts were analyzed based on treatment time and hematocrit count factors. The estimator method proposed is spline polynomial truncated bipredictor. Based on the results of the simultaneous model estimation, we obtained GCV = 714.72 and R2 = 95.9%, it means the model is feasible to explain and identify changes in platelet count based on the time of treatment and the number of hematocrit from DBD patients. Based on the data, there are four patterns of platelet change based on time of treatment and three patterns of platelet change based on hematocrit that are different from each other.Abstrak:Paper ini merupakan studi longitudinal dengan menggunakan model regresi nonparametrik untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan jumlah trombosit demam berdarah. Perubahan jumlah trombosit dianalisis berdasarkan faktor waktu perawatan dan jumlah hematokrit. Metode estimator yang diusulkan adalah spline polynomial truncated bi prediktor. Berdasarkan hasil taksiran model simultan diperoleh GCV = 714,72 dan R2 = 95,9%, artinya model layak untuk menjelaskan dan mengidentifikasi perubahan jumlah trombosit berdasarkan waktu perawatan dan jumlah hematokrit pasien DBD. Berdasarkan data, terdapat empat pola perubahan trombosit berdasarkan waktu perawatan dan tiga pola perubahan trombosit berdasarkan hematokrit yang berbeda satu sama lain.
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38

Bau, Natalie, and Jishnu Das. "Teacher Value Added in a Low-Income Country." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 62–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170243.

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Using data from Pakistan, we show that existing methods produce unbiased and reliable estimates of teacher value added (TVA) despite significant differences in context. Although effective teachers increase learning substantially, observed teacher characteristics account for less than 5 percent of the variation in TVA. The first two years of tenure and content knowledge correlate with TVA in our sample. Wages for public sector teachers do not correlate with TVA, although they do in the private sector. Finally, teachers newly entering on temporary contracts with 35 percent lower wages have similar distributions of TVA to the permanent teaching workforce. (JEL I21, J31, J41, J45, O15)
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39

Trigiano, R. N., T. A. Rinehart, M. M. Dee, P. A. Wadl, L. Poplawski, and B. H. Ownley. "First Report of Aerial Blight of Ruth's Golden Aster (Pityopsis ruthii) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani in the United States." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1181-pdn.

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Ruth's golden aster (Pityopsis ruthii (Small) Small: Asteraceae) is an endangered, herbaceous perennial that occurs only at a few sites along the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers in Polk County, Tennessee. This species is drought, heat, and submergence tolerant and has ornamental potential as a fall flowering landscape plant. In 2012, we vegetatively propagated various genotypes and established plantings in a landscape at Poplarville, Mississippi. In June and July of 2013, during periods of hot and humid weather, several well-established plants exhibited black or brown necrotic aerial blight symptoms including desiccation of stems and leaves. Blighted leaf samples were surface sterilized (10% commercial bleach, active ingredient 8.25% sodium hypochlorite, 1 min), rinsed in sterile water, air-dried, and plated on 2% water agar amended with 3.45 mg fenpropathrin/liter (Danitol 2.4 EC, Valent Chemical, Walnut Creek, CA) and 10 mg/liter rifampicin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Rhizoctonia sp. was identified based on hyphal morphology and cultures were maintained on potato dextrose agar. Colonies were fast growing, consisting of light tan to brown mycelia and tufts of crystalline aerial hyphae. Within 10 days, brown exudates were present in cultures and there was no pigmented reverse to the agar. Hyphae were a mean of 5.2 μm wide (4.6 to 6.1 μm; n = 10) and each compartment contained three or more nuclei. Hyphae were constricted at septa with right angle branching and no clamp connections, which is typical for Rhizoctonia solani (1). Light- to medium-brown, oblong to irregularly shaped sclerotia measuring 1.2 mm long (0.7 to 2.1 mm) × 0.9 mm wide (0.5 to 1.2 mm; n = 20) were formed in cultures after 3 weeks of growth. Total genomic DNA was extracted from two different colonies grown in potato dextrose broth for 7 days, amplified with PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primers for amplification of the 18S rDNA subunit (2), the products purified, and sequenced. A consensus sequence of 657 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF843729 and KF843730) and was 96% identical to two R. solani Kühn ITS sequences in GenBank (HF678125 and HF678122). R. solani was grown on twice autoclaved oats for 2 weeks at 21°C and incorporated into Pro-Mix BX, low fertility soilless medium (Premier Horticulture, Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada) at 4% (w/w) to inoculate seven P. ruthii plants grown in 10 cm-diameter pots; seven additional plants were grown in the same medium amended with 4% (w/w) sterile oats. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and covered with a plastic dome to maintain high humidity. After 2 weeks, six of the seven inoculated plants exhibited the same aerial blight symptoms as did the original infected plants from the field; none of the control plants developed disease symptoms. Colony morphology and hyphal characteristics as well as the sequence for the ITS region of rDNA from the re-isolated fungus were identical to the original isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani infecting Ruth's golden aster. We are not aware of the disease occurring in wild populations of the plant, but may impact plants grown in the landscape or greenhouse. References: (1) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1991. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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40

Mirilovic, Nikola, and Philip H. Pollock. "Latino Democrats, Latino Republicans and Interest in Country of Origin Politics." Political Science Quarterly 133, no. 1 (March 2018): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polq.12734.

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41

Nwalie, Martin Ike. "Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Changes in a Third‐World Country." Politics & Policy 47, no. 3 (May 21, 2019): 545–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12302.

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42

Chambah, S., L. Coupal, and D. Choquette. "AB0752 PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: OLIGOARTHRITIS AND POLYARTHRITIS PATTERN CHANGES OVER THE INITIAL YEAR OF THE PRESENTATION. A REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE REPORT FROM THE QUEBEC REGISTRY RHUMADATA®." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1672.1–1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2848.

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Background:Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) most frequently presents as a polyarthritis or (less often) as an oligoarthritis [1]. Upon reassessment, patients may change category during follow-up [2-3]. Historically, the patients in the original description of Moll and Wight had an oligoarticular presentation [4]. However, other studies have not found the same distribution in all patient populations [5]. Currently, none of the accepted diagnostic or classification criteria set for PsA consider the variation in the number of involved joints in the early phase of PsA.Objectives:To evaluate the change in pattern between oligoarticular and polyarticular psoriatic arthritis, within the first year of follow-up.Methods:Data from RHUMADATA® patients diagnosed with PsA were extracted on December 8th, 2019. In the current analysis, we consider the first year of care patients following their first encounter with clinic staff. Patients with at least two 66/68 joint counts completed during this initial year are the subjects of this analysis. Joint count classification (Oligo vs Poly) was assessed from the first and last available joint counts. Patients were classified as having a polyarticular form of PsA if 5 or more of their joints were assessed as being swollen and/or tender. Subjects with 4 or less swollen and/or tender joints were classified as oligoarticular PsA patients.Results:A total of 287 patients with at least two 66/68 joint counts are used in the present analysis. At baseline, the mean age of patients was 47.8 ± 13.5 with average disease duration of 1.6 ± 5.2 years. 49 % of patients were women. Average joint count at baseline was 7.1 ± 7.2 (swollen) and 7.1 ± 7.5 (tender) joints. Considering only 28 joints, the average was 4.2 ± 5 and 3.9 ± 4.8 for swollen and tender joints respectively. At the first joint count, 115 (40%) patients were assessed as “Oligo” and 172 (60%) as “Poly”, while 159 (55%) and 128 (45%) were similarly assessed at the last assessment. The two assessments agreed for 179 (62%) and disagreed for 108 (38%). Of the 115 patients initially classified as “Oligo”, 32 (28%) were reassessed as “Poly” within the initial year, while 76 (44%) of the 172 patients initially classified as “Poly” were reassessed as “Oligo”. All 172 patients initially classified as “Poly” initiated a DMARD during this period (167 (97%) initiated a csDMARD and 5 (3%) initiated a bDMARS). All patients initially classified as “Oligo” also initiated treatment during this period (98 (85%) and 17 (15%) of the 115 patients initially classified as “Oligo” initiated csDMARDs and bDMARD respectively).Conclusion:These observations suggest that a single assessment of joint count may be misleading in establishing the oligo or polyarticular pattern of PsA. This classification should take treatment into account.References:[1]Gladman DD, Ritchlin C, et al. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Uptodate 2019.[2]Jones SM, Armas JB, Cohen MG, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: outcome of disease subsets and relationship of joint disease to nail and skin disease. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33:834.[3]McHugh NJ, Balachrishnan C, Jones SM. Progression of peripheral joint disease in psoriatic arthritis: a 5-yr prospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:778.[4]Wright V, Moll JM. Psoriatic arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis 1971; 21:627.[5]Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1995; 9:319.Disclosure of Interests:Sana Chambah: None declared, Louis Coupal: None declared, Denis Choquette Grant/research support from: Rhumadata is supported by grants from Pfizer, Amgen, Abbvie, Gylead, BMS, Novartis, Sandoz, eli Lilly,, Consultant of: Pfizer, Amgen, Abbvie, Gylead, BMS, Novartis, Sandoz, eli Lilly,, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Abbvie, Gylead, BMS, Novartis, Sandoz, eli Lilly,
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43

Waheduzzaman, Wahed, and Sharif As-Saber. "Politics and Policy in Achieving Participatory Governance in a Developing Country Context." Politics & Policy 43, no. 4 (August 2015): 474–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12121.

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44

Pierce, Javin C., Malcolm H. Pope, Per Renstrom, Robert J. Johnson, Janet Dufek, and Charles Dillman. "Force Measurement in Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (November 1987): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.382.

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A method for measuring the forces between the shoe and ski and upon the pole has been developed. Instrumented skis and poles are used with a portable data acquisition system that is carried by the skier in the field. Elite, top-level collegiate, and citizen skiers were used as subjects. Skiers performed the diagonal stride, and a marathon skate. Axial force levels at the forefoot were found to reach 164%, and 120% of body weight in the diagonal skate strides, respectively.
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45

Davidson, Chandler. "The Historical Context of Voter Photo-ID Laws." PS: Political Science & Politics 42, no. 01 (January 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096509090246.

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The issue before the U.S. Supreme Court in theCrawfordcase (Crawford v. Marion County Election Bd. 2008) was whether a law (Indiana Senate Enrolled Act No. 483) passed by the Indiana legislature requiring most voters to show a photo ID in order to cast a ballot violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Plaintiffs argued that it works an unfair hardship on many people who do not have the government-issued documents that count as a legitimate ID (Indiana Democratic Party et al., 12–16). They argued that the law, in effect, constitutes a poll tax, inasmuch as there are costs to obtain the right kind of photo ID, costs that unduly burden many eligible citizens wanting to exercise their right to vote.
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46

Breslow, Norman. "Further studies in the variability of pock counts." Statistics in Medicine 9, no. 6 (June 1990): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780090607.

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47

Smith, Gerald A., Jon B. Fewster, and Steven M. Braudt. "Double Poling Kinematics and Performance in Cross-Country Skiing." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12, no. 1 (February 1996): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.12.1.88.

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Olympic skiers in the women's 30-km race were analyzed as they double poled on a moderate downhill slope. Movement patterns of 20 skiers were analyzed 10 from a top finishing group and 10 from slower finishers in the bottom third of the field. Skiers in the faster group not only were faster overall in the race but were faster as they double poled through the site (6.75 vs. 6.43 m/s). Cycle length was significantly correlated with cycle velocity (r = .81). Trunk flexion and shoulder extension during poling were similar between groups; however, considerable variability of shoulder positioning was noted for both groups of skiers. Distinct shoulder-elbow-pole positioning differences were noted among skiers. Disadvantageous positionin» of the shoulder at the beginning of poling was related to poorer pole inclination during elbow extension. While many skiers in both fast and slow groups double poled with good positioning, others would benefit from greater shoulder flexion to maximize double poling performance.
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48

Králík, P., H. Přikrylová Vondrušková, I. Slaná, M. Morávková, and I. Pavlík. " Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in homemade smoked pork sausages." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 6 (November 28, 2011): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/444/2010-cjfs.

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We assessed the survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) in artificially contaminated homemade smoked sausages prepared from pork meat according to traditional recipes, the effect of storage of such sausages at &ndash;20&deg;C for three months on MAH viability and to compare assessment of MAH viability/presence by culture and qPCR. Three isolates of MAH were inoculated into the sausage mixture at concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup> CFU per gram of meat and cold smoked at 40&deg;C for 12 h or hot smoked at 70&deg;C for 6 hours. MAH survived the cold smoking procedure without any significant decrease in viable MAH CFU counts; no viable MAH were detected in the hot smoked sausages. The storage of sausages at &ndash;20&deg;C caused a decrease in viable MAH counts of about 1 to 3 log<sub>10</sub>. Absolute MAH counts determined by qPCR were not significantly reduced by the storage or smoking. The presence of viable MAH in sausages after the cold smoking should be considered as a risk for immunodeficient individuals and children. &nbsp;
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49

Hennessy, Bernard. "1880 Voting in California and Ohio Victorian Super-Citizens?" American Politics Quarterly 13, no. 3 (July 1985): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x8501300304.

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Analyses of 1880 Census samples of 21-plus male citizens show a turnout of 50% to 69% for California, but nearly 90% for Ohio. Registration was required in California in 1866. A sample of 690 names from the June 1880 Census was checked against the “Alameda County Great Register,” October 1880, and 51% were found to be registered. Of the 12,359 registered, 80% actually voted. Thus, the Alameda turnout of potentially eligible voters was probably below 50%. On the other hand, a 100% sample of eligible males in Clay Township, Highland County, Ohio (N = 342), June 1880, checked against the 1880 Poll Book (list of actual voters, compiled at the end of election day) showed a turnout of 87.7%. Burnham's and others' assertion of high turnouts 1876 to 1896 is supported with respect to Ohio, but unsupported with respect to California; these findings are contrary to Burnham's belief that in 1876–1896 there was “a concentration of participation in the most densely populated and socioeconomically developed parts of the country”; the effects of the first registration laws may have been greater than the 10% currently estimated, but we need to find and use individual-level data to sharpen estimates from aggregate data.
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50

Sartika Alamsyah, Dwi Putri, Ade Monica Windyanti, and Dwiky Akbar Nugroho. "ANALISIS EFISIENSI PERHITUNGAN SUARA PEMILU DENGAN METODE QUICK COUNT, REAL COUNT DAN EXIT POLL." Mimbar Keadilan 13, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/mk.v13i2.3676.

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AbstractIn the implementation of elections that go through a long and rigorous process, it still cannot guarantee that this election is conducted honestly and cleanly. So this is what causes the vote counting stage carrued out by the KPU/KPUD in various regions requires a very long time. The vote count in Indonesia is not only a quick count, one way to recapitulate during the election, but there is a real count and exit poll aslo a way to count the results of the vote. However, of the three types of recapitulation, there are several differences including the method used and the source of data obtained. As a result of this difference, in the percentage information that would implu uncertain information for the public who want to know about the vote count so as to reduce public confidence in the election process going forward. The method used in this study is an empirical research method that is analysing problem data and looking for information directly or using interview methods to complete the data in this study. This research is expected to produce a concrete analysis of three for calculating votes that are more efficient, precise and systematic in notification of information. Keyword: efficiency; incorrect information; three methods of counting votes AbstrakDalam pelaksanaan pemilu yang melalui proses yang panjang dan ketat, masih belum dapat menjamin bahwa pemilu ini dilakukan dengan jujur dan bersih., berbagai metode yang dilakukan oleh para kandidat merupakan faktor dalam terjadinya kecurangan dalam pemilu. Jadi inilah yang menyebabkan proses penghitungan suara yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing KPU/KPUD di berbagai daerah membutuhkan jangka waktu yang sangat lama. Penghitungan suara yang ada di Indonesia tidak hanya penghitungan cepat, salah satu cara untuk melakukan rekapitulasi selama pemilihan, tetapi ada penghitungan riil dan exit poll juga cara untuk menghitung hasil pemungutan suara. Namun, dari ketiga jenis rekapitulasi tersebut, ada beberapa perbedaan, termasuk metode yang digunakan dan sumber data yang diperoleh. Sebagai akibat dari perbedaan ini, dalam informasi persentase tersebut yang akan menyiratkan informasi tidak pasti bagi publik yang ingin tahu tentang perhitungan suara sehingga dapat menurunkan kepercayaan masyarakat dalam proses pemilu kedepan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian empiris yaitu mengkaji data permasalahan dan mencari informasi secara langsung atau menggunakan metode wawancara untuk melengkapi data dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan analisis konkret dari tiga metode untuk menghitung suara yang lebih efisien, tepat dan sistematis dalam pemberitahuan informasi.Kata kunci: efisiensi; informasi; tiga cara perhitungan suara
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