Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pollard trees

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pollard trees'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pollard trees"

1

Lacina, Jan. "Coppice Woods and Pollard Trees in the Visual Arts." Journal of Landscape Ecology 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2016-0010.

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AbstractThe sprouting capacity of some broadleaves has been used for their regeneration since ancient times. Often concurrently with taking advantage of sprouting stools, the trees used to be shaped also by pruning their stems, namely on pasturelands and in grazing forests. The activity of woodcutters and shepherds was obviously rather common in warmer climates with broadleaved stands because coppice and pollard trees appear relatively often in the visual arts from ancient works through the period if the Italian and German Renaissance up to the romantic and realistic landscape painting of the 19thcentury overlapping into the 20thcentury. For centuries, most frequently illustrated in European and Czech paintings have been pollard willows (Salix spp.). Other coppice and pollard tree species identified in paintings are oaks (Quercus spp.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), European chestnut (Castanea sativa), and rarely other species, too. Artists apparently often used bizarrely shaped woods to increase the dramatic atmosphere of their landscape sceneries as well as figural compositions, and the coppice and pollard trees had certainly also a symbolic meaning in some of their works.
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2

Buček, Antonín, Linda Černušáková, Michal Friedl, Martin Machala, and Petr Maděra. "Ancient Coppice Woodlands in the Landscape of the Czech Republic." European Countryside 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 617–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0036.

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Abstract Ancient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.
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Julius, B. O., and W. W. Ngaruiya. "Butterfly distribution and habitat conservation status at A Rocha Dakatcha Nature Reserve, Kilifi County, Kenya." African Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/ajpas.v2i2.216.

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Diverse human pressures are degrading coastal forests with profound implications on invertebrate biodiversity. Butterfly species are key ecosystem indicators and their distribution may become a campaign tool towards conservation of specific habitats. However, a baseline survey of Dakatcha butterflies is long overdue, necessitating this study at A Rocha Dakatcha Nature Reserve (ARDNR) in Kilifi County. The objective was to identify Dakatcha butterfly species, their distribution, threats to the forest and conservation measures by the community in 2019. The modified pollard walk method was used to collect butterfly species from 21 transects from which the Shannon index of diversity, Margalef’s species richness index and evenness index were calculated. A total of 125 butterflies from five distinct vegetation types were captured and identified to represent 42 species and 25 genera from the documented 5 butterfly families in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to twenty-nine community members on threats and conservation activities in ARDNR. The exercise confirmed that main threats to ARDNR butterfly habitat are agriculture, charcoal production from Diospyros corni and Dobera glabra and timber extraction from Manilkara mochisia, Brachystegia spiciformis, Thespesia danis and Brachylaena huillensis trees. The targeted deforestation of key tree species providing a suitable microclimate and an array of nectar sources to all threaten butterfly existence in the forest. Fortunately, there are five main stakeholders implementing diverse conservation projects including promotion of energy-saving jikos and beekeeping. In conclusion this study confirms existence of all five families of Kenyan butterflies in ARDNR. The presence of 13 butterfly species in the regenerating forest patch further affirming the importance of practical all-inclusive forest management and that community awareness enhances diversification of livelihood activities alongside sustainable forest utilization.
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Khedri, Laila, Loghman Ghahramany, Hedayat Ghazanfari, and Fernando Pulido. "A quantitative study of pollarding process in silvopastoral systems of Northern Zagros, Iran." Forest Systems 26, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): e018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017263-11433.

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Aim of study: This research attempts to quantitatively describe the pollarding process in the northern Zagros, western Iran.Material and methods: An inventory of all trees was conducted in three representative stands in the pollarded section (DBH ≥ 5 cm): DBH, total height, trunk height and crown diameters were measured. At the time of pollarding, 10% of the foliage stacks were randomly selected and weighed. The positions of each store tree (i.e. special trees capable of enduring the weight of a certain number of leafy branches (average 600 kg)) and horizontal distance of pollarded trees associated with each store tree was recorded.Main results: The number and weight of foliage stacks resulting from pollarding of each tree correlated (0.48 and 0.43, respectively) with their crown diameter. The average dry weight of leaf biomass was 1,525.6 ±108.1 kg/ha and there was a significant difference between the selected stands. The average pollarded area and the average number of trees in the pollarded area of each store tree was 501.1±210.4 m2 and 9.4±3.5 trees, respectively.Research highlights: The number of pollarded trees associated with each store tree and the weight of stored foliage stacks on them are determined by the distance between pollarded trees and store trees, the number of trees around the store trees and the ability of selected store trees to bear the weight of foliage stacks.
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5

Muir, Richard. "Pollards in Nidderdale: A Landscape History." Rural History 11, no. 1 (April 2000): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001928.

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In the Yorkshire Dales, where the destruction of the rural setting is less advanced than in most other parts of England, countrysides frequently exist as historical palimpsests that incorporate elements from various earlier phases of colonisation and exploitation. The region is noted for the survival of antiquities of many kinds. In places, pollarded trees are significant components in the scenic pastiche, though prior to this survey there was no general recognition that their distribution is closely linked to the main themes that have conditioned the process of landscape development. The survey, which collected details on 186 ancient trees within a study area around 17 miles long by 8 miles wide, was undertaken according to the perspectives of landscape history. These not only seek to discover the evolution of landscapes, but also recognise that evidence is embedded in features like trees, fields, trackways and so on.
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6

Burnett, Christopher D., and David Gilluly. "Pollarding for Multiple Benefits." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.2.148.

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Abstract Pollarding is a traditional method of producing fuelwood in agroforestry systems where livestock browsing restricts tree regeneration by seedlings or coppice sprouts. As in coppicing, pollarding produces successive crops of wood from the vegetative sprouts of repeatedly harvested trees, but in pollarding the dominant sprouts are formed near the top of permanent trunks above the reach of livestock. The unique structure of pollards also makes them suitable for use as short-rotation fuelwood trees where fire restricts tree regeneration at ground level. In addition to fuelwood, pollards produce other tree products, as well as soil, wildlife, and esthetic benefits. With this combination of benefits, pollarding has potential for ameliorating certain environmental problems in the midwestern United States and for meeting the multiple objectives of many woodland owners. To assess this potential, we measured biomass yields and sprouting characteristics of honey locust and pin oak pollards harvested on 15- and 11-year rotations, respectively. Both species produced moderate yields of biomass and responded vigorously to pollarding. Potential benefits and problems of the method are discussed and applications of pollarding in farm and nonfarm settings are proposed. North. J. Appl. For. 5:148-152, June 1988.
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Fakhech, Abdessamad, Didier Genin, Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar, El Mustapha Outamamat, Soufiane M’Sou, Mohamed Alifriqui, Abdelilah Meddich, and Mohamed Hafidi. "Traditional Pollarding Practices for Dimorphic Ash Tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) Support Soil Fertility in the Moroccan High Atlas." Land 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090334.

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Shaping and pollarding of dimorphic ash tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) are two traditional practices used by the local inhabitants in agropastoral parklands of the Moroccan High Atlas to secure their production systems and increase tree production and strength. This study focused on assessing the impact of these practices on soil quality. Abiotic parameters and mycorrhizal attributes of the samples of four soil types related to different ash tree morphotypes were assessed and compared. Rhizospheric soils (Rs) of three F. dimorpha morphotypes were sampled: trees regularly pollarded and shaped for stem anastomosis (An), regularly pollarded multistemmed trees (Na), and multistemmed trees belonging to a public forest under national forestry service management and sporadically illegally pollarded (Fo). The fourth soil was a non-Rs found in bare soils, which represented the control (Nr). Results showed a sizable difference between An soil properties and the other soil types ones, with significantly higher phosphorus (×6), nitrogen (×5), and carbon (×2) levels and higher mycorrhizal (×6) status than Nr soil, and showed 37% more mycorrhization intensity than Fo. Na showed intermediary levels between An and Fo. Fo had ×2 P, ×3 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 58% more Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, and twice the spore density compared with Nr. It is concluded that shaping and pollarding have a positive impact on the soil characteristics of the studied species and could make a useful contribution to sound agroforest management schemes.
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8

Gilman, Edward F., Gary W. Knox, and Patricia Gomez-Zlatar. "Pruning Method Affects Flowering and Sprouting on Crapemyrtle." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.3.164.

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Abstract ‘Natchez’ (Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei) and ‘Carolina Beauty’ (Lagerstroemia indica L.) crapemyrtle were pruned in three manners including topping, pollarding, and pencil-pruning plus a non-pruned control for four years to determine influence on flowering and sprouting. The topping and pollarding of ‘Natchez’ delayed appearance of the first flower up to one month compared to non-pruned trees for the first two years following initial pruning. In contrast, topping and pollarding ‘Carolina Beauty’ induced flowering by as much as one week sooner one and three years following initial pruning with no effect in years two and four. Topping both cultivars delayed peak flowering date compared to non-pruned trees. Topping ‘Natchez’ the first and second year following initial pruning and pollarding in the second year reduced duration of flowering period compared to the non-pruned trees. Flower effect (panicle number × panicle volume) was not influenced by pruning method on ‘Carolina Beauty’ for any year. Flower effect for topped ‘Natchez’ was significantly smaller than for pollarded and pencil-pruned trees the first year after pruning; flower effect on non-pruned ‘Natchez’ was no different from any of the pruning treatments. Pruning cut diameter was inversely correlated with number of days ‘Natchez’ trees were in flower, number of flower panicles, and date of flowering; however, cut diameter influence on flower effect was not predictable for ‘Carolina Beauty’. Sprouting along the trunk and from the roots increased with diameter of the pruning cut. Topping took less time to complete than other pruning methods in all but the last year which probably accounts for its popularity. Topped trees grew in height following pruning faster than pollarded trees, which grew faster than pencil-pruned trees, which grew faster than non-pruned trees for both cultivars.
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9

Nordén, Björn, John Bjarne Jordal, and Marianne Evju. "Can large unmanaged trees replace ancient pollarded trees as habitats for lichenized fungi, non-lichenized fungi and bryophytes?" Biodiversity and Conservation 27, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 1095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1482-x.

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10

Leme, Claudia Luizon Dias, and Peter Gasson. "Anatomical Comparison of Original and Regrowth wood from coppiced and Pollarded Poincianella Pyramidalis Trees in the Caatinga of Pernambuco, Brazil." IAWA Journal 33, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000080.

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Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz (‘catingueira’) is one of the most used trees by rural communities for wood and charcoal in the caatinga of northeast Brazil. It grows rapidly and can survive and thrive after either wet or dry season coppicing or pollarding. This paper explores the anatomical basis for P. pyramidalis being a good choice for fuel and charcoal by comparing the proportions of the constituent cell types (vessels, fibres and parenchyma) in wood from the trunk and branches of original trees with those from regrowth branches after three and six years. Since wood density is correlated with mechanical and physiological strategies of trees, the observations suggest that the anatomical differences between branch and regrowth are the result of rapid regrowth after coppicing or pollarding. The observed differences in cell type proportions along the trunk and branches are of interest from a physiological point of view but have little bearing on whether the regrowth is good for charcoal.
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Books on the topic "Pollard trees"

1

Feder, June C. The family trees of Donald Perry Feder and June Constance Pollard, with dozens of cousins. Rochester, N.Y: J.C. Feder, 1988.

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2

Varkulevicius, Jane. Pruning for Flowers and Fruit. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100244.

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The best groomed and most productive garden is easy when you know what to prune when and how your plants work. Pruning for Flowers and Fruit covers plants in cool-temperate to subtropical climates and is suitable for the home gardener, avid enthusiast as well as the nursery trade and horticultural students. It includes annuals, ornamentals, vegetables, roses, perennials and hydrangeas, and fruiting plants that can be pruned to fit in your back garden. The author shows how to choose the best plant at the nursery, prune weather damaged plants, renovate ornamental or fruiting trees and shrubs, and maintain your secateurs like a professional. Create different landscape features such as pleached avenues, design elements like hedges and the more fanciful topiary. Show off your plant’s juvenile foliage or beautiful bark, or sustainably harvest wood for carpentry or craft by following the steps on how to coppice or pollard plants. Never get your wisteria in a twist again and learn to prune with confidence following techniques that range from the most basic through to those for the most advanced espaliers.
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3

Pollard and veteran tree management.: Incorporating the proceedings of the meeting hosted by the Corporation of London at Epping Forest in 1993. [London]: Corporation of London, 1996.

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4

Pollard and veteran tree management: Proceedings of the meeting hosted by the Corporation of London at Burnham Beeches, Bucks., on 6th March 1991. [London]: [City of London Corporation], 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pollard trees"

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"4448 pollarded tree [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 725. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_10207.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pollard trees"

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Wang, Li, Zining Zhang, Bingsheng He, and Zhenjie Zhang. "PA-Tree: Polled-Mode Asynchronous B+ Tree for NVMe." In 2020 IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde48307.2020.00054.

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