To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pollard trees.
Journal articles on the topic 'Pollard trees'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 24 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pollard trees.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lacina, Jan. "Coppice Woods and Pollard Trees in the Visual Arts." Journal of Landscape Ecology 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2016-0010.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe sprouting capacity of some broadleaves has been used for their regeneration since ancient times. Often concurrently with taking advantage of sprouting stools, the trees used to be shaped also by pruning their stems, namely on pasturelands and in grazing forests. The activity of woodcutters and shepherds was obviously rather common in warmer climates with broadleaved stands because coppice and pollard trees appear relatively often in the visual arts from ancient works through the period if the Italian and German Renaissance up to the romantic and realistic landscape painting of the 19thcentury overlapping into the 20thcentury. For centuries, most frequently illustrated in European and Czech paintings have been pollard willows (Salix spp.). Other coppice and pollard tree species identified in paintings are oaks (Quercus spp.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), European chestnut (Castanea sativa), and rarely other species, too. Artists apparently often used bizarrely shaped woods to increase the dramatic atmosphere of their landscape sceneries as well as figural compositions, and the coppice and pollard trees had certainly also a symbolic meaning in some of their works.
2
Buček, Antonín, Linda Černušáková, Michal Friedl, Martin Machala, and Petr Maděra. "Ancient Coppice Woodlands in the Landscape of the Czech Republic." European Countryside 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 617–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Ancient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.
3
Julius, B. O., and W. W. Ngaruiya. "Butterfly distribution and habitat conservation status at A Rocha Dakatcha Nature Reserve, Kilifi County, Kenya." African Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/ajpas.v2i2.216.
Full textAbstract:
Diverse human pressures are degrading coastal forests with profound implications on invertebrate biodiversity. Butterfly species are key ecosystem indicators and their distribution may become a campaign tool towards conservation of specific habitats. However, a baseline survey of Dakatcha butterflies is long overdue, necessitating this study at A Rocha Dakatcha Nature Reserve (ARDNR) in Kilifi County. The objective was to identify Dakatcha butterfly species, their distribution, threats to the forest and conservation measures by the community in 2019. The modified pollard walk method was used to collect butterfly species from 21 transects from which the Shannon index of diversity, Margalef’s species richness index and evenness index were calculated. A total of 125 butterflies from five distinct vegetation types were captured and identified to represent 42 species and 25 genera from the documented 5 butterfly families in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to twenty-nine community members on threats and conservation activities in ARDNR. The exercise confirmed that main threats to ARDNR butterfly habitat are agriculture, charcoal production from Diospyros corni and Dobera glabra and timber extraction from Manilkara mochisia, Brachystegia spiciformis, Thespesia danis and Brachylaena huillensis trees. The targeted deforestation of key tree species providing a suitable microclimate and an array of nectar sources to all threaten butterfly existence in the forest. Fortunately, there are five main stakeholders implementing diverse conservation projects including promotion of energy-saving jikos and beekeeping. In conclusion this study confirms existence of all five families of Kenyan butterflies in ARDNR. The presence of 13 butterfly species in the regenerating forest patch further affirming the importance of practical all-inclusive forest management and that community awareness enhances diversification of livelihood activities alongside sustainable forest utilization.
4
Khedri, Laila, Loghman Ghahramany, Hedayat Ghazanfari, and Fernando Pulido. "A quantitative study of pollarding process in silvopastoral systems of Northern Zagros, Iran." Forest Systems 26, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): e018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017263-11433.
Full textAbstract:
Aim of study: This research attempts to quantitatively describe the pollarding process in the northern Zagros, western Iran.Material and methods: An inventory of all trees was conducted in three representative stands in the pollarded section (DBH ≥ 5 cm): DBH, total height, trunk height and crown diameters were measured. At the time of pollarding, 10% of the foliage stacks were randomly selected and weighed. The positions of each store tree (i.e. special trees capable of enduring the weight of a certain number of leafy branches (average 600 kg)) and horizontal distance of pollarded trees associated with each store tree was recorded.Main results: The number and weight of foliage stacks resulting from pollarding of each tree correlated (0.48 and 0.43, respectively) with their crown diameter. The average dry weight of leaf biomass was 1,525.6 ±108.1 kg/ha and there was a significant difference between the selected stands. The average pollarded area and the average number of trees in the pollarded area of each store tree was 501.1±210.4 m2 and 9.4±3.5 trees, respectively.Research highlights: The number of pollarded trees associated with each store tree and the weight of stored foliage stacks on them are determined by the distance between pollarded trees and store trees, the number of trees around the store trees and the ability of selected store trees to bear the weight of foliage stacks.
5
Muir, Richard. "Pollards in Nidderdale: A Landscape History." Rural History 11, no. 1 (April 2000): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001928.
Full textAbstract:
In the Yorkshire Dales, where the destruction of the rural setting is less advanced than in most other parts of England, countrysides frequently exist as historical palimpsests that incorporate elements from various earlier phases of colonisation and exploitation. The region is noted for the survival of antiquities of many kinds. In places, pollarded trees are significant components in the scenic pastiche, though prior to this survey there was no general recognition that their distribution is closely linked to the main themes that have conditioned the process of landscape development. The survey, which collected details on 186 ancient trees within a study area around 17 miles long by 8 miles wide, was undertaken according to the perspectives of landscape history. These not only seek to discover the evolution of landscapes, but also recognise that evidence is embedded in features like trees, fields, trackways and so on.
6
Burnett, Christopher D., and David Gilluly. "Pollarding for Multiple Benefits." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.2.148.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pollarding is a traditional method of producing fuelwood in agroforestry systems where livestock browsing restricts tree regeneration by seedlings or coppice sprouts. As in coppicing, pollarding produces successive crops of wood from the vegetative sprouts of repeatedly harvested trees, but in pollarding the dominant sprouts are formed near the top of permanent trunks above the reach of livestock. The unique structure of pollards also makes them suitable for use as short-rotation fuelwood trees where fire restricts tree regeneration at ground level. In addition to fuelwood, pollards produce other tree products, as well as soil, wildlife, and esthetic benefits. With this combination of benefits, pollarding has potential for ameliorating certain environmental problems in the midwestern United States and for meeting the multiple objectives of many woodland owners. To assess this potential, we measured biomass yields and sprouting characteristics of honey locust and pin oak pollards harvested on 15- and 11-year rotations, respectively. Both species produced moderate yields of biomass and responded vigorously to pollarding. Potential benefits and problems of the method are discussed and applications of pollarding in farm and nonfarm settings are proposed. North. J. Appl. For. 5:148-152, June 1988.
7
Fakhech, Abdessamad, Didier Genin, Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar, El Mustapha Outamamat, Soufiane M’Sou, Mohamed Alifriqui, Abdelilah Meddich, and Mohamed Hafidi. "Traditional Pollarding Practices for Dimorphic Ash Tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) Support Soil Fertility in the Moroccan High Atlas." Land 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090334.
Full textAbstract:
Shaping and pollarding of dimorphic ash tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) are two traditional practices used by the local inhabitants in agropastoral parklands of the Moroccan High Atlas to secure their production systems and increase tree production and strength. This study focused on assessing the impact of these practices on soil quality. Abiotic parameters and mycorrhizal attributes of the samples of four soil types related to different ash tree morphotypes were assessed and compared. Rhizospheric soils (Rs) of three F. dimorpha morphotypes were sampled: trees regularly pollarded and shaped for stem anastomosis (An), regularly pollarded multistemmed trees (Na), and multistemmed trees belonging to a public forest under national forestry service management and sporadically illegally pollarded (Fo). The fourth soil was a non-Rs found in bare soils, which represented the control (Nr). Results showed a sizable difference between An soil properties and the other soil types ones, with significantly higher phosphorus (×6), nitrogen (×5), and carbon (×2) levels and higher mycorrhizal (×6) status than Nr soil, and showed 37% more mycorrhization intensity than Fo. Na showed intermediary levels between An and Fo. Fo had ×2 P, ×3 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 58% more Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, and twice the spore density compared with Nr. It is concluded that shaping and pollarding have a positive impact on the soil characteristics of the studied species and could make a useful contribution to sound agroforest management schemes.
8
Gilman, Edward F., Gary W. Knox, and Patricia Gomez-Zlatar. "Pruning Method Affects Flowering and Sprouting on Crapemyrtle." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.3.164.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract ‘Natchez’ (Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei) and ‘Carolina Beauty’ (Lagerstroemia indica L.) crapemyrtle were pruned in three manners including topping, pollarding, and pencil-pruning plus a non-pruned control for four years to determine influence on flowering and sprouting. The topping and pollarding of ‘Natchez’ delayed appearance of the first flower up to one month compared to non-pruned trees for the first two years following initial pruning. In contrast, topping and pollarding ‘Carolina Beauty’ induced flowering by as much as one week sooner one and three years following initial pruning with no effect in years two and four. Topping both cultivars delayed peak flowering date compared to non-pruned trees. Topping ‘Natchez’ the first and second year following initial pruning and pollarding in the second year reduced duration of flowering period compared to the non-pruned trees. Flower effect (panicle number × panicle volume) was not influenced by pruning method on ‘Carolina Beauty’ for any year. Flower effect for topped ‘Natchez’ was significantly smaller than for pollarded and pencil-pruned trees the first year after pruning; flower effect on non-pruned ‘Natchez’ was no different from any of the pruning treatments. Pruning cut diameter was inversely correlated with number of days ‘Natchez’ trees were in flower, number of flower panicles, and date of flowering; however, cut diameter influence on flower effect was not predictable for ‘Carolina Beauty’. Sprouting along the trunk and from the roots increased with diameter of the pruning cut. Topping took less time to complete than other pruning methods in all but the last year which probably accounts for its popularity. Topped trees grew in height following pruning faster than pollarded trees, which grew faster than pencil-pruned trees, which grew faster than non-pruned trees for both cultivars.
9
Nordén, Björn, John Bjarne Jordal, and Marianne Evju. "Can large unmanaged trees replace ancient pollarded trees as habitats for lichenized fungi, non-lichenized fungi and bryophytes?" Biodiversity and Conservation 27, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 1095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1482-x.
Full text
10
Leme, Claudia Luizon Dias, and Peter Gasson. "Anatomical Comparison of Original and Regrowth wood from coppiced and Pollarded Poincianella Pyramidalis Trees in the Caatinga of Pernambuco, Brazil." IAWA Journal 33, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000080.
Full textAbstract:
Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz (‘catingueira’) is one of the most used trees by rural communities for wood and charcoal in the caatinga of northeast Brazil. It grows rapidly and can survive and thrive after either wet or dry season coppicing or pollarding. This paper explores the anatomical basis for P. pyramidalis being a good choice for fuel and charcoal by comparing the proportions of the constituent cell types (vessels, fibres and parenchyma) in wood from the trunk and branches of original trees with those from regrowth branches after three and six years. Since wood density is correlated with mechanical and physiological strategies of trees, the observations suggest that the anatomical differences between branch and regrowth are the result of rapid regrowth after coppicing or pollarding. The observed differences in cell type proportions along the trunk and branches are of interest from a physiological point of view but have little bearing on whether the regrowth is good for charcoal.
11
Khosravi, S., M. Namiranian, H. Ghazanfari, and A. Shirvani. " Estimation of leaf area index and assessment of its allometric equations in oak forests: Northern Zagros, Iran." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 3 (March 27, 2012): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2011-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the present study is the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and the assessment of allometric equations for predicting the leaf area of Lebanon oaks (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Iran’s northern Zagros forests. To that end, 50 oak trees were randomly selected and their biophysical parameters were measured. Then, on the basis of destructive sampling of the oak trees, their specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area were measured. The results showed that SLA and LAI of the Lebanon oaks were 136.9 cm·g<sup>–1 </sup>and 1.99, respectively. Among all the parameters we measured, the crown volume exhibited the highest correlation with LAI (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.65). The easily measured tree parameters such as diameter at breast height did not show a high correlation with leaf area (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.36). Our obtained moderate correlations in the allometric equations could be due to the fact that branches of these trees had been pollarded by the local people when the branches were only 3 or 4 years old; therefore, the natural structure of the crowns in these trees might have been damaged.
12
Tatsuhara, Satoshi, Koji Yamada, Hiromi Akashi, Satoko Ohashi, and Kimio Takeuchi. "Use of pollarded natural Cryptomeria japonica trees in Otokoro, Itoigawa City, Niigata Prefecture." Japanese Journal of Forest Planning 50, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20659/jjfp.50.2_75.
Full text
13
Ivanov, Alexander, and Alexey Tuzhilin. "Gromov minimal fillings for finite metric spaces." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 94, no. 108 (2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1308003i.
Full textAbstract:
The problem discussed in this paper was stated by Alexander O. Ivanov and Alexey A. Tuzhilin in 2009. It stands at the intersection of the theories of Gromov minimal fillings and Steiner minimal trees. Thus, it can be considered as one-dimensional stratified version of the Gromov minimal fillings problem. Here we state the problem; discuss various properties of one-dimensional minimal fillings, including a formula calculating their weights in terms of some special metrics characteristics of the metric spaces they join (it was obtained by A.Yu. Eremin after many fruitful discussions with participants of Ivanov-Tuzhilin seminar at Moscow State University); show various examples illustrating how one can apply the developed theory to get nontrivial results; discuss the connection with additive spaces appearing in bioinformatics and classical Steiner minimal trees having many applications, say, in transportation problem, chip design, evolution theory etc. In particular, we generalize the concept of Steiner ratio and get a few of its modifications defined by means of minimal fillings, which could give a new approach to attack the long standing Gilbert-Pollack Conjecture on the Steiner ratio of the Euclidean plane.
14
Giangregorio, Patrizia, Paolo Audisio, Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto, Giuseppe Marcantonio, Emanuela Maurizi, Fabio Mosconi, and Alessandro Campanaro. "Updated distribution of Osmoderma eremita in Abruzzo (Italy) and agro-pastoral practices affecting its conservation (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 47, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2015.142.
Full textAbstract:
New records of <em>Osmoderma</em> <em>eremita</em> (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) are reported for Abruzzo (Italy), together with a review of its distribution in this region. <em>O</em>. <em>eremita</em> is a saproxylic beetle dependent on the presence of hollow deciduous trees with abundant wood mould in their cavities. The major threats for the species are habitat loss and fragmentation. EU Habitats Directive requests to the member States its protection and the monitoring of its conservation status. Detection of its occurrence is the first step to protect the species. The surveys have been carried out in ten sites of Abruzzo by using black cross-windows traps baited with specific pheromone. The species has been recorded for the first time in the Sant’Antonio forest and its presence is confirmed in the Peligna Valley, after a decade. The populations seem to be confined to small patches of suitable habitats. At local level, the abandonment of the pollarding practice (willow and beech forests) and the use of pollarded trees as biomass for fuel are the major threats for this species. Indeed some key actions, such as the protection of old hollow trees and the continuation of pollarding practice in rural landscape, could be key factors for the conservation strategies of the species in the study area.
15
Disney, R. H. L., and A. Russell-Smith. "Additions to the British list ofMegaseliaRondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees." Journal of Natural History 49, no. 25-26 (December 20, 2014): 1599–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.974703.
Full text
16
Graham, Charles J., and J. Benton Storey. "Method of Application of Uniconazol Affects Vegetative Growth of Pecan." HortScience 35, no. 7 (December 2000): 1199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1199.
Full textAbstract:
Pollarded `Wichita' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] trees received 2 g uniconazol (UCZ) per tree using four application methods (trunk band, canopy soil injection, crown soil injection, and crown drench). All application methods increased trunk diameter but reduced shoot length, number of lateral shoots per terminal, nodes per terminal, internode length, and leaflets per compound leaf. Only the crown drench reduced leaf area. Area and dry weight per leaflet, and leaflet chlorophyll concentration were not affected by UCZ application. Effectiveness in growth reduction, as assessed by shoot elongation, was crown soil drench > crown soil injection > canopy soil injection > trunk band > control. All application methods increased viviparity. However, total yield per tree, nut size, and percentage of kernel were not affected. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (uniconazol).
17
Bergner, Adam, Anton Sunnergren, Burcu Yeşilbudak, Cahit Erdem, and Nicklas Jansson. "Attributes of trees used by nesting and foraging woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae) in an area with old pollarded Oaks (Quercus spp.) in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey." Zoology in the Middle East 62, no. 4 (September 8, 2016): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2016.1226242.
Full text
18
Bengtsson, Vikki, Anna Stenström, C. Philip Wheater, and Karin Sandberg. "The impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in southwestern Sweden." BALTIC FORESTRY 27, no. 1 (June 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/bf558.
Full textAbstract:
Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a fungal disease which affects ash throughout Sweden. Monitoring to study of the impact of ash dieback on veteran trees was undertaken in southwest Sweden in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2020. The study found that 94.5% of the ash trees observed were affected by ash dieback disease in 2020 compared with 62% in 2009. 70 of the studied ash trees have died (21%) since the monitoring began. In 2009 there was no relationship between girth and ash dieback, but in 2020 the correlation between girth and the impact of ash dieback was statistically significant. In 2020, also for the first time during monitoring, the ash trees in the shade were significantly more affected by ash dieback, compared with trees standing in the open. This difference was not detected in 2013 or 2015. The effect of ash dieback on pollarded trees has varied between the years studied, but in 2020 there is no longer any significant difference between the pollarded and the non-pollarded ash trees. There was however a significant difference in the mortality rates between the groups of trees, with ash trees pollarded in more recent times having the highest mortality. Therefore, the recommendation in relation to veteran trees with ash dieback is that all pruning on veteran ash trees should be avoided. Pollarding should only be done on ash pollards that are in a regular cutting cycle and are not showing any symptoms of ash dieback. If possible, clear around old ash trees if they are in shaded conditions. Given that there are relatively few studies on the impact of ash dieback on veteran ash trees, the results of this study should also be relevant outside of Sweden and for the management of ash trees in non-woodland situations. Key words: Ash dieback, pollards, veteran trees, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, ash
19
Cheng, Yen-Jen, and Jephian C. H. Lin. "Graph Families with Constant Distance Determinant." Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 25, no. 4 (November 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.37236/8014.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces a new class of graphs, the clique paths (or the CP graphs), and shows that their distance determinant and distance inertia are independent of their structures. The CP graphs include the family of linear $2$-trees. When a graph is attached to a CP graph, it is shown that the distance determinant and the distance inertia are also independent of the structure of the CP graph. Applications to the addressing problem proposed by Graham and Pollak in 1971 are given.
20
Upadhyay, Maulik, Susanne Eriksson, Sofia Mikko, Erling Strandberg, Hans Stålhammar, Martien A. M. Groenen, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Göran Andersson, and Anna M. Johansson. "Genomic relatedness and diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds." Genetics Selection Evolution 51, no. 1 (October 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-019-0496-0.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Native cattle breeds are important genetic resources given their adaptation to the local environment in which they are bred. However, the widespread use of commercial cattle breeds has resulted in a marked reduction in population size of several native cattle breeds worldwide. Therefore, conservation management of native cattle breeds requires urgent attention to avoid their extinction. To this end, we genotyped nine Swedish native cattle breeds with genome-wide 150 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate the level of genetic diversity and relatedness between these breeds. Results We used various SNP-based approaches on this dataset to connect the demographic history with the genetic diversity and population structure of these Swedish cattle breeds. Our results suggest that the Väne and Ringamåla breeds originating from southern Sweden have experienced population isolation and have a low genetic diversity, whereas the Fjäll breed has a large founder population and a relatively high genetic diversity. Based on the shared ancestry and the constructed phylogenetic trees, we identified two major clusters in Swedish native cattle. In the first cluster, which includes Swedish mountain cattle breeds, there was little differentiation among the Fjäll, Fjällnära, Swedish Polled, and Bohus Polled breeds. The second cluster consists of breeds from southern Sweden: Väne, Ringamåla and Swedish Red. Interestingly, we also identified sub-structuring in the Fjällnära breed, which indicates different breeding practices on the farms that maintain this breed. Conclusions This study represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the genetic relatedness and diversity in Swedish native cattle breeds. Our results show that different demographic patterns such as genetic isolation and cross-breeding have shaped the genomic diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds and that the Swedish mountain breeds have retained their authentic distinct gene pool without significant contribution from any of the other European cattle breeds that were included in this study.
21
Borovinova, M., N. Christov, and J. Nyéki. "Some biological properties of new sweet cherry cultivars in Bulgaria and their susceptibility to Blumeriella jaapii." International Journal of Horticultural Science 13, no. 3 (September 19, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.31421/ijhs/13/3/754.
Full textAbstract:
Investigations were made on 12 sweet cherry cultivars (‘13-S-22-8’, 'Sunburst', `Kozerska'., 'NY 13791', 'Royalton', 'NY 13688', 'Hartland', `Sumerset', 'Pollax', 'Patriotka Krima', 'Castor', and `Lapins') in an experimental orchard of cherry cultivar collection in the Institute of Agriculture at Kyustendil, Bulgaria during the period of 1997-2003. The trees were planted in 1996. All cultivars were grafted on Prunus mahaleb. Four biological properties of the cultivars were assessed such as blooming time, resistance to late spring frost, fruit ripening and fruit mass. Among cultivars, a good resistance to late spring frost was observed on cultivar 'Sunburst'. The fruit mass varied between 4.2 g (cv. 'Patriotka Krima') and 8.5 g (cv. `Sunburst'). The susceptibility of the cherry cultivars to cherry leaf spot caused by Blumeriella jaapii was assessed in mid-September in each year. The estimation of the rate of attack was made according to the grade of Townsend and Neuberger. All cultivars showed symptoms of cherry leaf spot but the degree of susceptibility was different. Cultivar `Patriotka Krima' was the least susceptible, while cultivar `Somerset' was the most susceptible to Blumeriella jaapii.
22
Yadav, Vikram Singh. "Religious Beliefs and Attitude Towards Conservation of Natural Resources: A Philosophical Study." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, July 25, 2019, 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-134.
Full textAbstract:
The environmental changes that we see today are the result of our own interference in the nature and our attempt to control it. Most of the environmental problems faced now are caused by man himself. Earlier when man used to live in harmony with the nature, there was a certain respect and fear of the nature as is evident from the many religious traditions and philosophies in the world. In every religion in the world, nature found the place of the mother or the giver of life. However, with the advancement of technology, man developed a sort of god complex and started exploiting the nature for its own good. But it failed to realise that defiling that on which his life depends will in turn cause harm to him. Until recently, people were not aware of, or did not take seriously the harmful effects of economic development on the environment. In recent years, however, due to the warnings rounded by science about an impending ecological imbalance, philosophy became intensively aware of the environment we live in, and much attention has been paid on issues related to it. Thus, today, the movements to conserve environment have gained momentum throughout the world. Felling down of trees even trimmings or converting them into pollards – ignites strong sentiments. A nuclear experiment or emission of industrial effluents into rivers precedes protest marches and strong letters to editors. In each one of them, the issue is the deleterious effect of technology on habitat. The question that occupies our attention is how we should save our habitat? Hence, the need for the revival of the old religious philosophies and environmental ideologies is needed. In this article, we try to highlight some texts and archaeological evidences of ancient India which can eminently reflect the perspectives of environment, forest and biodiversity conservation of our forefathers.
23
Sianga, Keoikantse, Mario Van Telgen, Jip Vrooman, Richard W. S. Fynn, and Frank Van Langevelde. "Spatial refuges buffer landscapes against homogenisation and degradation by large herbivore populations and facilitate vegetation heterogeneity." Koedoe 59, no. 2 (May 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i2.1434.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental heterogeneity across savanna landscapes, including different seasonal resources at different distances to water, may play a critical role in maintaining the size and diversity of wildlife populations and the sustainability of their resource base. We investigated whether extensive landscapes with functionally diverse seasonal resources and large waterless regions can mediate the effect of herbivory on plant composition, structure and diversity. Vegetation composition, structure and richness in two different vegetation types (mopane and sandveld woodland) at three distance zones (0 km – 5 km, 10 km – 15 km and > 20 km) from the permanent water of the Okavango Delta and Linyanti Swamps were surveyed. We modelled vegetation response of the most abundant species to herbivory in relation to distance from permanent water, and included fire frequency as a covariate. Trees favoured by elephants during the dry season occurred typically as immature, pollarded populations within 5 km of permanent water sources while mature tall populations of these species were found far from water (> 10 km – 15 km). Similarly, short high-quality grazing grasses were higher in abundance within 5 km of permanent water, whereas taller high-quality perennial grasses peaked in abundance beyond 20 km from permanent water. Trends in herbaceous richness with distance from water were contingent upon vegetation type, while tree richness did not change with distance from water. Spatial refuges in waterless regions of landscapes facilitate the creation of heterogeneity of vegetation structure, composition and richness by large herds of mammalian herbivores. Therefore, the extension of herbivore dry season foraging range, for example, by the creation of artificial water points (AWP) in backcountry woodlands, could seriously undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the availability of spatial refuges. Consequently, it reduces the resilience of herbivore and predator populations that depend on these spatial refuges. We strongly advise that future scientific work, and management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustaining of these spatial refuges in wildlife areas.Conservation implications: Management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustainability of spatial refuges in wildlife areas. Too many AWP in backcountry woodlands could undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the proportion of landscapes beyond 15 km from permanent water.
24
Sianga, Keoikantse, Mario Van Telgen, Jip Vrooman, Richard W. S. Fynn, and Frank Van Langevelde. "Online appendix 1:Spatial refuges buffer landscapes against homogenisation and degradation by large herbivore populations and facilitate vegetation heterogeneity." Koedoe 59, no. 2 (May 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i2.1434-1.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental heterogeneity across savanna landscapes, including different seasonal resources at different distances to water, may play a critical role in maintaining the size and diversity of wildlife populations and the sustainability of their resource base. We investigated whether extensive landscapes with functionally diverse seasonal resources and large waterless regions can mediate the effect of herbivory on plant composition, structure and diversity. Vegetation composition, structure and richness in two different vegetation types (mopane and sandveld woodland) at three distance zones (0 km – 5 km, 10 km – 15 km and > 20 km) from the permanent water of the Okavango Delta and Linyanti Swamps were surveyed. We modelled vegetation response of the most abundant species to herbivory in relation to distance from permanent water, and included fire frequency as a covariate. Trees favoured by elephants during the dry season occurred typically as immature, pollarded populations within 5 km of permanent water sources while mature tall populations of these species were found far from water (> 10 km – 15 km). Similarly, short high-quality grazing grasses were higher in abundance within 5 km of permanent water, whereas taller high-quality perennial grasses peaked in abundance beyond 20 km from permanent water. Trends in herbaceous richness with distance from water were contingent upon vegetation type, while tree richness did not change with distance from water. Spatial refuges in waterless regions of landscapes facilitate the creation of heterogeneity of vegetation structure, composition and richness by large herds of mammalian herbivores. Therefore, the extension of herbivore dry season foraging range, for example, by the creation of artificial water points (AWP) in backcountry woodlands, could seriously undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the availability of spatial refuges. Consequently, it reduces the resilience of herbivore and predator populations that depend on these spatial refuges. We strongly advise that future scientific work, and management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustaining of these spatial refuges in wildlife areas.Conservation implications: Management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustainability of spatial refuges in wildlife areas. Too many AWP in backcountry woodlands could undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the proportion of landscapes beyond 15 km from permanent water.