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1
Huang, Mei Gen, and Zhi Lei Wang. "Subnet Broadcast Polling Algorithm of Network Management Based on SNMP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2915.
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The current data collection of a network device in the network management system exists low real-time and long polling cycle, this paper proposes a subnet broadcast algorithm based on SNMP. The algorithm introduces the idea of Subnet division and broadcasting, when polling, the algorithm polled network devices by sending a SNMP data broadcast packet to each subnet, which reduced the polling packets, shortened the polling cycle and lightened the burden of management station, thus the proposed algorithm improves real-time and work efficiency for the large-scale network management system.
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BHATTACHARJEE, PARTHA SARATHI, DEBASHIS SAHA, and AMITAVA MUKHERJEE. "INTELLIGENT PAGING STRATEGIES FOR THIRD GENERATION PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 01, no. 03 (September 2000): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265900000111.
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We consider the problem of minimizing paging cost, subject to delay constraint, in Personal Communication Services Network (PSCN) and present two intelligent paging strategies for third generation systems. They are termed as sequential intelligent paging (SIP) and parallel-o-sequential intelligent paging (PSIP). Unlike the conventional blanket paging where all cells in a location area are polled at a time, in SIP (PSIP) one cell (a group of cells) is polled at a time. The proposed schemes lead to a decrease in paging signaling load at the cost of some extra processing power. When better discovery rate per cycle is expected irrespective of the incoming traffic PSIP is always preferred to other paging schemes primarily because of its less amount of polling delay. If the incoming traffic rate is low, SIP performs better than PSIP in terms of paging cost per cycle. However, the polling costs per cycle and the discovery rates for both the schemes become equal as number of paging requests per cycle increases. An improvement in respect of paging cost per cycle and discovery rate over conventional paging is shown with the help of simulation results.
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Todorovic, N., A. Milicevic Kalasic, and M. Vracevic. "Discrimination of older people in Serbia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72566-4.
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Abuse of older people is a single or a repeated act or a failure to act happening in a relationship between two persons based on trust that causes pain or disturbance on the part of the older person. Red Cross of Serbia is the initiator and the founding member of Humanas (the network of 15 civil society organisations dealing with the issues of older people) and is spearheading a campaign of sensitisation of the public in relation to discrimination, neglect and abuse of older people.Humanas has educated volunteers in Elder Abuse and Discrimination prevention.A survey has been done in 8 cities in Serbia polling 250 older people of both sexes, age 65 or above. The survey results demonstrate that 44% of all the polled people are familiar with the existence of abuse. Alarmingly, as high as 32% of older people have been exposed to some form of abuse, with the most frequent form being verbal abuse (11.2%) The polled older people have stressed that they hate being called names, made fun of and called stupid or illiterate, within their families as well as in the general community. As for prevention, 52% of the polled older people think that ‘everybody’, meaning both public and civil sector should play a role in prevention.ConclusionThe problem of abuse of older people has to be approached from a multi-sector and multi-disciplinary perspective. The emphasis should be on new, deeper surveys, education of professionals, family members and other care takers.
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Allen, Thomas J., Peter Gloor, Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, Stephanie L. Woerner, and Ornit Raz. "The power of reciprocal knowledge sharing relationships for startup success." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-08-2015-0110.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the innovative capabilities of biotech start-ups in relation to geographic proximity and knowledge sharing interaction in the R & D network of a major high-tech cluster. Design/methodology/approach – This study compares longitudinal informal communication networks of researchers at biotech start-ups with company patent applications in subsequent years. For a year, senior R & D staff members from over 70 biotech firms located in the Boston biotech cluster were polled and communication information about interaction with peers, universities and big pharmaceutical companies was collected, as well as their geolocation tags. Findings – Location influences the amount of communication between firms, but not their innovation success. Rather, what matters is communication intensity and recollection by others. In particular, there is evidence that rotating leadership – changing between a more active and passive communication style – is a predictor of innovative performance. Practical implications – Expensive real-estate investments can be replaced by maintaining social ties. A more dynamic communication style and more diverse social ties are beneficial to innovation. Originality/value – Compared to earlier work that has shown a connection between location, network and firm performance, this paper offers a more differentiated view; including a novel measure of communication style, using a unique data set and providing new insights for firms who want to shape their communication patterns to improve innovation, independently of their location.
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Tarapata, Zbigniew. "Modelling and analysis of transportation networks using complex networks: Poland case study." Archives of Transport 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1185207.
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In the paper a theoretical bases and empirical results deal with analysis and modelling of transportation networks in Poland using complex networks have been presented. Properties of complex networks (Scale Free and Small World) and network's characteristic measures have been described. In this context, results of empirical researches connected with characteristics of passenger air links network, express railway links network (EuroCity and InterCity) and expressways/highways network in Poland have been given. For passenger air links network in Poland results are compared with the same networks in USA, China, India, Italy and Spain. In the conclusion some suggestions, observations and perspective dealing with complex network in transportation networks have been presented.
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Bronner, Simon J. "Questioning the Future: Polling Americans at the Turn of the New Millennium." Prospects 27 (October 2002): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036123330000137x.
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Elected in 1996 to serve as President into a new century, Bill Clinton announced a national mood of expectation in his second inaugural address: “It is our great good fortune that time and chance have put us not only at the edge of a new century, in a new millennium, but on the edge of a bright new prospect in human affairs — a moment that will define our course, and our character, for decades to come.” It was a moment, in short, when Americans, used to thinking ahead, were asked intensely about the future. Known for his close attention to polling data in policy making, Clinton responded to a frequently reported categorization of Americans during the 1990s as self-absorbed. Clinton's homespun message in his second inaugural address called on Americans planning their individual destinies to think collectively when he said simply, “[T]he future is up to us.” As the year 2000 approached, American polls repeatedly measured the national “mood” in light of individual beliefs about the future. Gallup, Torrance, Zogby, CNN (Cable News Network), USA Today, ABC News, and the Pew Research Center, among others, polled Americans about their feelings for the impending millennium “event” and their hopes and fears for the next year, generation, and century. Based on the experience of the last turn of the century, many publishers, educators, and politicians encouraged reflections on the century just past as much as the era ahead, but it was a rare poll that actually asked Americans about their view of the past. To be sure, authorities were queried for the greatest events, presidents, books, films, and television shows of the last century, but it was as much a sign of the difference in their historical perspective from the man or woman on the street as it was some national reflective urge.
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Ballantyne, G., Katherine C. R. Baldock, and P. G. Willmer. "Constructing more informative plant–pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1130.
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Interaction networks are widely used as tools to understand plant–pollinator communities, and to examine potential threats to plant diversity and food security if the ecosystem service provided by pollinating animals declines. However, most networks to date are based on recording visits to flowers, rather than recording clearly defined effective pollination events. Here we provide the first networks that explicitly incorporate measures of pollinator effectiveness (PE) from pollen deposition on stigmas per visit, and pollinator importance (PI) as the product of PE and visit frequency. These more informative networks, here produced for a low diversity heathland habitat, reveal that plant–pollinator interactions are more specialized than shown in most previous studies. At the studied site, the specialization index was lower for the visitation network than the PE network, which was in turn lower than for the PI network. Our study shows that collecting PE data is feasible for community-level studies in low diversity communities and that including information about PE can change the structure of interaction networks. This could have important consequences for our understanding of threats to pollination systems.
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Jaworski, Leszek, Anna Swiatek, Ryszard Zdunek, and Janusz Zielinski. "Integration of the ASG-EUPOS Permanent Stations with First Order National Geodetic Networks - Measurements and Results." Artificial Satellites 46, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-012-0008-8.
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Integration of the ASG-EUPOS Permanent Stations with First Order National Geodetic Networks - Measurements and ResultsThe ASG-EUPOS network - the active geodetic network was established in Poland in 2008. The 2010/2011 campaign was the second one managed to integrate the ASG-EUPOS network with the first order national geodetic networks in Poland. As the result the station coordinates were determined in the uniform coordinate frame. The paper describes the measurements carried out for data acquisition as well as the data processing method. The results present analyses of differences between selected variants of solutions and show some problems encountered during the calculation.
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Frankel, Paul Henry, Stephen Shibata, Susan G. Groshen, Jeff Longmate, Sumanta Kumar Pal, Stella Khoo, and Edward M. Newman. "A mismatch between methods and objectives in phase I drug development: Statistical limitations and personalized medicine—A California Cancer Consortium (CCC) study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2538.
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2538 Background: Patient variation in drug response and toxicity impacts all phases of drug development. While detailed sample-size calculations and analysis based on statistical methodology are critical for addressing variation in late stage trials, phase I studies pose unique and largely unsolved challenges related to variability. Changes in patient selection during the study, small sample-sizes and large patient variation in toxicity are exactly the kind of problems that statistical methods cannot address in small, isolated phase I studies, regardless of apparent mathematical rigor. We have documented these problems via a physician survey. Methods: A 10-question anonymous survey was sent to 670 oncologists at National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and CCC institutions via an online survey. 19 % (126/670) of the oncologists polled responded. 78/126 (62%) specialized in Medical Oncology. The number of years in practice varied from 2-45 yrs with a median of 17 yrs. Results: a) 66% of all respondents stated that non-DLT toxicities on one dose level would impact their patient selection on the following dose level, conflicting with the assumption of random patient selection implicit in simulations used in evaluating statistical designs. b) Only 13% stated a desire to target a non-heme toxicity as high as 20% grade 3, while 87% desired a 10% or less grade 3 rate; c) More than half the respondents would prefer not to escalate if 3/3 patients experienced grade 2 LFTs; d) 82% of the respondents thought the appropriate target toxicity differed for patients depending on their potential for becoming a surgical candidate, furthering the need for personalized dosing. Conclusions: Statistical methods in phase I trials are unable to address many of the salient features of phase I study conduct and investigator goals. We will present several approaches we have initiated to address these limitations, and present future plans to help produce a more reliable estimate of a recommended dose. Supported in part by NCI grants U01CA062505, N01-CM-62209, and NCCN data collection assistance.
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Leru, Polliana Mihaela, Ana-Maria Eftimie, and Michel Thibaudon. "First allergenic pollen monitoring in Bucharest and results of three years collaboration with European aerobiology specialists." Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2017-0033.
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Abstract Introduction. Respiratory allergies induced by allergenic plants pollen represent an important public health problem with increasing prevalence and severity. Aerobiologic study of allergenic pollens is performed in many countries on regular basis and correlated with health data from allergists in the frame of national aerobiology networks. Romania has no aerobiology network and pollen measurements have been done between 1999-2012 in West region only. In the frame of COST Action called Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe (SMARTER FA 1203), three years collaboration with Reseau National de Surveillance Aerobiologique (RNSA) from France and the first pollen monitoring center in Bucharest were established.The aim of this paper is to present results of first pollen monitoring in Bucharest, activities of Romanian SMARTER group and collaboration with European aerobiology specialists. Material and method. We used a Hirst-type pollen trap placed on the roof of the Research Center from “Colentina” Clinical Hospital and the pollen monitoring method based on European Aeroallergen Network (EAN) standardized requirements. Monthly results during the pollen seasons 2014-2016 were sent to RNSA and EAN and posted on the European pollen information site. Results. We found high amounts of allergenic pollen, mainly grasses from May to September and Ambrosia artemisiifolia during September. Conlcusions. We concluded that SMARTER offered access to aerobiology training, improved multidisciplinary collaboration and perspectives to further develop national and international projects. More coordinated efforts to develop national aerobiology network and to recuperate the gap comparing to other European countries in the field of aerobiology and respiratory allergology are needed.
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Rudziński, Łukasz, Stanisław Lasocki, Beata Orlecka-Sikora, Jan Wiszniowski, Dorota Olszewska, Jakub Kokowski, and Janusz Mirek. "Integrating Data under the European Plate Observing System from the Regional and Selected Local Seismic Networks in Poland." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200354.
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Abstract High-quality and open-access seismic data are of great importance for both research and increasing public awareness of actual seismic hazards and risks. We present four seismic networks that currently operate in Poland: the backbone Polish Seismological Network (PLSN), which monitors natural teleseismic events as well as regional events from Poland, and three networks that mainly serve the monitoring of anthropogenic seismicity. The acquired data from all four networks are openly available through the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Information Technology (IT) facilities: the PLSN data within the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology–European Integrated Data Archive and the anthropogenic seismicity data episodes through the induced seismicity-EPOS platform of EPOS Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards. For each network, we describe briefly the recorded seismic activity, the equipment and composition of the network, the acquisition system, and the data availability. Information from recent studies is used to demonstrate the scientific potential of the acquired anthropogenic seismicity data.
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Genini, Julieta, L. Patrícia C. Morellato, Paulo R. Guimarães, and Jens M. Olesen. "Cheaters in mutualism networks." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (January 20, 2010): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1021.
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Mutualism-network studies assume that all interacting species are mutualistic partners and consider that all links are of one kind. However, the influence of different types of links, such as cheating links, on network organization remains unexplored. We studied two flower-visitation networks (Malpighiaceae and Bignoniaceae and their flower visitors), and divide the types of link into cheaters (i.e. robbers and thieves of flower rewards) and effective pollinators. We investigated if there were topological differences among networks with and without cheaters, especially with respect to nestedness and modularity. The Malpighiaceae network was nested, but not modular, and it was dominated by pollinators and had much fewer cheater species than Bignoniaceae network (28% versus 75%). The Bignoniaceae network was mainly a plant–cheater network, being modular because of the presence of pollen robbers and showing no nestedness. In the Malpighiaceae network, removal of cheaters had no major consequences for topology. In contrast, removal of cheaters broke down the modularity of the Bignoniaceae network. As cheaters are ubiquitous in all mutualisms, the results presented here show that they have a strong impact upon network topology.
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Uznański, Andrzej. "Monitoring of mining areas in relation to various reference networks." E3S Web of Conferences 106 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910601012.
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Static satellite surveying techniques are commonly used for the geodetic monitoring of mining areas, especially to determine horizontal coordinates of points. Satellite surveys are currently being connected to permanently established reference stations. In many countries, two or more reference networks work independently. In Poland, there are four nationwide networks of reference stations and one regional network. All commercial networks must be tied to the national network ASG-EUPOS. This research paper has analysed the influence of tying the points used for mining area monitoring purposes to various reference networks on their adjusted coordinates. The author has attempted to process the results of these satellite surveys at the engineering level, most frequently encountered in the field of surveying. The computation has been carried out using commercial software. Static observations from four reference networks operating in Poland have been used to compute the coordinates of the test points: ASG-EUPOS. NadowskiNET. TPINetPRO and VRSNet.pl. Leica Geosystems Polska has not provided access to its static satellite observations for testing purposes.
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Sobczak, Paweł, Ewa Stawiarska, Judit Oláh, József Popp, and Tomas Kliestik. "Logistics management of the rail connections using graph theory: the case of a public transportation company on the example of Koleje Dolnośląskie S.A." Engineering Management in Production and Services 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2018-0013.
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Abstract The main purpose of the paper was the structural analysis of the connections network used by a railway carrier Koleje Dolnośląskie S.A. operating in southern Poland. The analysis used simulation methods. The analysis and simulation were based on graph theory, which is successfully used in analysing a wide variety of networks (social, biological, computer, virtual and transportation networks). The paper presents indicators which allow judging the analysed connections network according to an appropriate level of transport services. Simulation results allowed proposing some modifications for the improvement of the analysed connections network. The paper also demonstrates that graph theory and network simulations should be used as tools by transportation companies during the stage of planning a connections network.
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Betts, Matthew G., Adam S. Hadley, and W. John Kress. "Pollinator recognition by a keystone tropical plant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 11 (March 2, 2015): 3433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419522112.
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Understanding the mechanisms enabling coevolution in complex mutualistic networks remains a central challenge in evolutionary biology. We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that a tropical plant species has the capacity to discriminate among floral visitors, investing in reproduction differentially across the pollinator community. After we standardized pollen quality in 223 aviary experiments, successful pollination of Heliconia tortuosa (measured as pollen tube abundance) occurred frequently when plants were visited by long-distance traplining hummingbird species with specialized bills (x¯ pollen tubes = 1.21 ± 0.12 SE) but was reduced 5.7 times when visited by straight-billed territorial birds (x¯ pollen tubes = 0.20 ± 0.074 SE) or insects. Our subsequent experiments revealed that plants use the nectar extraction capacity of tropical hummingbirds, a positive function of bill length, as a cue to turn on reproductively. Furthermore, we show that hummingbirds with long bills and high nectar extraction efficiency engaged in daily movements at broad spatial scales (∼1 km), but that territorial species moved only short distances (<100 m). Such pollinator recognition may therefore affect mate selection and maximize receipt of high-quality pollen from multiple parents. Although a diffuse pollinator network is implied, because all six species of hummingbirds carry pollen of H. tortuosa, only two species with specialized bills contribute meaningfully to its reproduction. We hypothesize that this pollinator filtering behavior constitutes a crucial mechanism facilitating coevolution in multispecies plant–pollinator networks. However, pollinator recognition also greatly reduces the number of realized pollinators, thereby rendering mutualistic networks more vulnerable to environmental change.
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Veiga, Allan, Antonio Saraiva, and Cláudia da Silva. "The Online Pollen Catalogs Network (RCPol)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25658.
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Aiming at promoting interaction among researchers and the integration of data from their pollen collections, herbaria and bee collections, RCPol was created in 2013. In order to structure RCPol work, researchers and collaborators have organized information on Palynology and trophic interactions between bees and plants. During the project development, different computing tools were developed and provided on RCPol website (http://rcpol.org.br), including: interactive keys with multiple inputs for species identification (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br); a glossary of palinology related terms (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/profile/glossary/eco); a plant-bee interactions database (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/interactions); and a data quality tool (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/admin/data-quality). Those tools were developed in partnership with researchers and collaborators from Escola Politécnica (USP) and other Brazilian and foreign institutions that act on palynology, floral biology, pollination, plant taxonomy, ecology, and trophic interactions. The interactive keys are organized in four branches: palynoecology, paleopalynology, palynotaxonomy and spores. These information are collaboratively digitized and managed using standardized Google Spreadsheets. All the information are assessed by a data quality assurance tool (based on the conceptual framework of TDWG Biodiversity Data Quality Interest Group Veiga et al. 2017) and curated by palynology experts. In total, it has published 1,774 specimens records, 1,488 species records (automatically generated by merging specimens records with the same scientific name), 656 interactions records, 370 glossary terms records and 15 institutions records, all of them translated from the original language (usually Portuguese or English) to Portuguese, English and Spanish. During the projectʼs first three years, 106 partners, among researchers and collaborators from 28 institutions from Brazil and abroad, actively participated on the project. An important part of the project's activities involved training researchers and students on palynology, data digitization and on the use of the system. Until now six training courses have reached 192 people.
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Puc, Małgorzata. "Artificial neural network model of the relationship between Betula pollen and meteorological factors in Szczecin (Poland)." International Journal of Biometeorology 56, no. 2 (May 15, 2011): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0446-1.
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Wróblewska, Anna, and Ernest Stawiarz. "Botanical Characteristics of Polish Honeys from Natura 2000 Habitats." Journal of Apicultural Science 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2015-0003.
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Abstract Eighteen samples of honeys which were harvested over several beekeeping seasons from apiaries located in the area of the “Kózki” Nature Reserve (central-eastern Poland) were the subject of the present study. The “Kózki” Nature Reserve is included in the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 program. A microscopic analysis of the pollen sediment in the honeys showed the presence of 61 pollen types from 32 botanical families in the investigated material. There were represented by nectariferous (72.1%) and nonnectariferous plants (27.9%) and both entomophilous and anemophilous ones. The total number of pollen taxa in individual samples ranged from 13 to 37. The main sources of nectar from trees and shrubs were: Frangula alnus, Prunus, Robinia pseudacacia, Rubus, Salix, Tilia. The main sources of nectar from herbaceous plants were: Anthriscus, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Centaurea cyanus, Taraxacum, and Trifolium repens. Four unifloral honeys (three fruit tree honeys and one lime honey) and fourteen multifloral honeys, with a significant percentage of pollen from several nectariferous plant taxa, were distinguished in the studied material.
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Viktorov, Bohdan. "Comparative analysis of the development of innovative network companies in Ukraine and Poland." Regional Economy, no. 3(97) (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-3-11.
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The level of development of the network companies functioning at national and international markets shows their capacity to create highly efficient products (services) from the viewpoint of technologies, consumer properties, and market requirements that would secure their competitive positions and financial and economic condition, and improve the innovativeness of the country. The integration with international markets and innovative development for the network structures depends on the development level of organizational, communicational, scientific-technological, and economic characteristics of the activity. Currently, Ukrainian innovative network structures do not lag behind the foreign ones by certain aspects and development directions. Therefore, finding the comparative characteristics of the development of Ukrainian and foreign innovative network companies will contribute to estimating the capacity by the nature of the strengths and weaknesses of these entities. The article systematizes the strengths and weaknesses (problems) of innovative development in the network interaction of participants of Ukrainian and Polish innovative network companies. The article proves that in comparison with the Polish ones, the Ukrainian network structures have a lower level of communication exchange of knowledge, development of interaction between the personnel of the participants, the management of the participants at all levels; less access to scientific laboratories for all network participants due to imperfect guidelines in the use of equipment; insufficient level of joint financing of costs for staffing and training of staff and coordination between members of the networks on cooperation with contractors, which affects the growth of technical and economic indicators. The article reveals that in comparison with Ukrainian innovation networks, Polish companies do not carry out projects for independent creation of intangible assets (technologies, programs), they just adapt the acquired ones. This aspect is a significant advantage of Ukrainian network structures that indicates a higher intellectualization and further prospects.
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Wolski, Bogdan, and Grzegorz Granek. "Functionality and reliability of horizontal control net (Poland)." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0052.
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AbstractHorizontal control networks established with monuments are functional if the conditions related to the number of control points, their density, condition and stability of coordinates are met. For functionality defined in those terms, deterministic accuracy characteristics are of little use. The subject matter discussed herein includes the two key features of geodetic control points, i.e., usability and stability. Due to the varying properties of those variables and the impact of the operating time of the system, there is no alternative to reliability-based approach in developing the functionality model. The measures of functionality and the procedures of data acquisition for developing the model of the control network destruction process have been defined. The solution presented herein is relevant for geodetic practice, providing a standard procedure for defining the time frame and the scope of the control network upgrading. The identified destruction process model optimizes this task assuming critical states expressed by the functionality probability. The applied approach is an example of the reliability theory-based approach typical for engineering. The issue of simulating the destruction process is illustrated with the results of the tests of class 3 control networks conducted in Kielce and Lodz regions in Poland. As a result of the tests, the characteristic properties of the control network destruction process have been identified. It was also shown how the patterns of usability and accuracy of the geodetic control points are relevant on the stage of implementing investment project tasks.
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Meng, Qingchun, Zhen Zhang, Xiaole Wan, and Xiaoxia Rong. "Properties Exploring and Information Mining in Consumer Community Network: A Case of Huawei Pollen Club." Complexity 2018 (November 6, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9470580.
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Substantial changes took place in the role of consumers in the supply chain with the development of practices. They became creators from consumers of product values. More and more consumers express their consumption experiences by posting in network community. Consumer community network is an important place for feedback of product experiences and facilitating product innovation in future. Manufacturers can promote improvement and innovation of products by exploring effective information on the consumer community network, thus improving the experience level of consumers. Therefore, how to explore information in topics (posts) and their relationships becomes very important. Is it possible to describe the structure of consumer community network by complex network and explore information about products and consumers? There is important and positive significance to study the collaborative innovation in the supply chain in which consumers participate. In this paper, the consumer community network was constructed by Boolean retrieve programming and discussed in the methodology and empirical way based on the community data of Huawei P10/P10 Plus. In methodology, interaction difference and uniformity within consumer community were explored by the density of isolated nodes and generalized variance of degree of network. In empirical studies, community network users were divided into ordinary user group, intermediary user group, and enterprise user group according to empirical data, and corresponding interaction networks were constructed. A contrastive analysis on the interaction of these three groups was carried out by combining the existing properties and innovative properties. Topics in each network were put in the order according to significance. Research conclusions have important significance to enrich the network analysis methods, explore the effective information in consumer community network, facilitate product improvement and innovations, and improve the experience level of consumers.
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Wang, Zhuo, Zixuan Wang, and Likai Wang. "Automatic 3D Pollen Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network." Scientific Programming 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5577307.
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The importance of automatic pollen recognition has been examined in several areas ranging from paleoclimate studies to some daily practice such as pollen hypersensitivity forecasting. This paper attempts to present an automatic 3D pollen image recognition method based on convolutional neural network. To achieve this purpose, high feature dimensions and complex posture transformation should be taken into account. Therefore, this work focuses on a three-part novel approach: constructing spatial local key points to obtain local stable points of pollen images, computing orientational local binary pattern using local stable points as the inputs, and identifying the pollen grains using convolutional neural network as the classifier. Experiments are performed on two standard pollen image datasets: Confocal-E dataset and Pollenmonitor dataset. It is concluded that the proposed approach can effectively extract the features of pollen images and is robust to posture transformation, slight occlusion, and pollution.
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Osa, Maryjane. "Mobilizing Structures and Cycles of Protest: Post-Stalinist Contention in Poland, 1954-1959." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2001): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.6.2.ml4u77k2370504j0.
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This article considers the conditions for protest mobilization and the creation of oppositional networks under authoritarianism. Archival data identifying membership in eighteen social action groups provide the basis for social network analysis of the opposition domain. Network development is traced during three phases of anti-Stalinist mobilization. The study finds that the opening of political opportunity in a non-democratic setting stimulates both civic association and contention. It is suggested that future research be conducted to identify the relational contents of ties in order to determine when influence in a network is likely to facilitate or to inhibit collective action.
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Sroka, Włodzimierz. "Alliance Networks: the Case of Multinational Corporations." Organizacija 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-010-0016-z.
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Alliance Networks: the Case of Multinational CorporationsThe article deals with the problems of cooperation in network organizations. The structure of the text is divided into a couple of parts. Firstly, the increasing importance of alliance networks is described. Secondly, the concept of alliance networks as well as the essence of multinational corporations are presented. Beside theoretical deliberations, two practical cases are presented in the text too. First case relates to the Toyota keiretsu and the second one describes the network organization of the largest steel manufacturer in the world, i.e. ArcelorMittal Group. Last part of the text is the comparative analysis of the multinational corporations network vs. networks of small and medium size companies. The similarities as well as differences between both forms were presented. The article is based on the latest world literature devoted to the cooperative strategies as well as the practical business experience of the author from the work in Arcelor Mittal Poland and polish machine industry.
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Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk, Beata. "Does Participation in Social Networks Foster Trust and Respect for Other People—Evidence from Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061733.
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A shortage of social capital may hinder sustainable development. According to the “social capital dream” there is a virtuous circle between participation in social networks, trust, and cooperation. It is a promising idea for proponents of sustainability, as it is easier to promote participation than affect social norms. Participation may, however, lead to particularized and not generalized trust, which hinders social inclusion and undermines the idea of a sustainable society. The aim of this paper is to validate the role of participation in informal and formal social networks in enhancing social trust and respect towards others. The relevance of both strong and weak ties is considered. Fixed-effects modeling on three-wave data from a Polish social survey is utilized. An increase in generalized trust corresponds with an increase in the acquaintances network, a decrease in the family and friends network, and an increase in volunteering. A rise in expectations about the cooperativeness of others is enhanced by an increase in the family and friends network, and by volunteering. The lack of respect for some groups of people is not affected by participation in organizations and informal networks. Overall within-person heterogeneity is small, suggesting that possibilities for fostering moral trust by participation are limited.
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Wiśniewska-Paluszak, Joanna, and Grzegorz Paluszak. "The Urban and Peri-Urban Farms (UPFs) Relational Model: The Case of Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050421.
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Different studies demonstrate that urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) operate in so-called alternative food networks (AFNs). However, very little is known about UPA’s relational business models. Therefore, this paper investigates how the urban and peri-urban farms (UPFs) form business relationships in food networks. Their business and social relationships are much more comprehensive than traditional transactional relationships. Therefore, this study aims to delimitate the relational model of UPFs. The managers and owners of nine UPFs in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, in 2019 and 2020 were investigated. To this end, we employed a triple triangulation approach—methodological, theoretical, and investigator. The study refers primarily to the theory of inter-organisational relations (IORs); the empirical analysis adopts a network approach and activities–resources–actors (ARA) model framework. The study identifies UPFs business relationships and the main features of their networks, which led to the development of a conceptual relational UPFs model. This shows the diversification of activities, the competitiveness of resources and formality of organisational structures as a basis of a farm business, the integration of activities, the sharing of resources, and the collaboration of actors as the basis of the relationship. Finally, this shows the joint nature of activities—locality of resources and mutual trust among actors—as the basis of UPFs networking.
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Eaves, Deborah J., Carlos Flores-Ortiz, Tamanna Haque, Zongcheng Lin, Nianjun Teng, and Vernonica E. Franklin-Tong. "Self-incompatibility in Papaver: advances in integrating the signalling network." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 2 (March 20, 2014): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130248.
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Self-fertilization, which results in reduced fitness of offspring, is a common problem in hermaphrodite angiosperms. To prevent this, many plants utilize SI (self-incompatibility), which is determined by the multi-allelic S-locus, that allows discrimination between self (incompatible) and non-self (compatible) pollen by the pistil. In poppy (Papaver rhoeas), the pistil S-determinant (PrsS) is a small secreted protein which interacts with the pollen S-determinant PrpS, a ~20 kDa novel transmembrane protein. Interaction of matching pollen and pistil S-determinants results in self-recognition, initiating a Ca2+-dependent signalling network in incompatible pollen. This triggers several downstream events, including alterations to the cytoskeleton, phosphorylation of sPPases (soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases) and an MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), increases in ROS (reactive oxygen species) and nitric oxide (NO), and activation of several caspase-like activities. This results in the inhibition of pollen tube growth, prevention of self-fertilization and ultimately PCD (programmed cell death) in incompatible pollen. The present review focuses on our current understanding of the integration of these signals with their targets in the SI/PCD network. We also discuss our recent functional expression of PrpS in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen.
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Jozefczyk, Jerzy, and Dariusz Gasior. "Utility-based models and decision making problems for selected network processes." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (June 1, 2015): 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2014-0299.
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Purpose – The concept of utility was the first time applied in Economics. The purpose of this paper is to report its usefulness for the decision making in complex technological systems, in general and in computer networks, in particular. Three selected decision-making problems are considered, corresponding solution algorithms are explained and results of numerical experiments are presented for the selected real-world case study. Design/methodology/approach – Referring to similar decision-making problems in Economics, three problems of different time horizon are investigated: strategic investment planning, short-term network rate allocation and on-line network operating. Deterministic and uncertain versions are taken into account, and the latter one is handled more thoroughly. The formalism of uncertain variables is used to represent the parameter uncertainty which concerns users’ demands for services in computer networks as well as network links’ capacities. Corresponding optimization tasks are presented. Numerical experiments concerning a part of the computer network Pionier working in Poland confirmed the usefulness of the solution algorithms proposed. Findings – The carried out numerical experiments verified the importance and worth of the decision-making algorithms for the Pionier computer network. It particularly concerns the game theory-based algorithm solving the on-line network operating problem which enables calculating the rates for computer links distinctly, i.e., separately for every link. Research limitations/implications – More case studies should be considered to formulate more general corollaries. The application of utility concept for wireless sensor networks needs further studies on solution algorithms. Practical implications – The results can be directly applied to a class of modern computer networks, e.g., content delivery networks, self-managing networks, context aware networks, multilevel virtual networks. Originality/value – The paper presents the unified and systematic approach for individual results previously obtained, and it considers one case study.
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Daunys, Gintautas, Laura Šukienė, Lukas Vaitkevičius, Gediminas Valiulis, Mikhail Sofiev, and Ingrida Šaulienė. "Clustering approach for the analysis of the fluorescent bioaerosol collected by an automatic detector." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0247284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247284.
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Automatically operating particle detection devices generate valuable data, but their use in routine aerobiology needs to be harmonized. The growing network of researchers using automatic pollen detectors has the challenge to develop new data processing systems, best suited for identification of pollen or spore from bioaerosol data obtained near-real-time. It is challenging to recognise all the particles in the atmospheric bioaerosol due to their diversity. In this study, we aimed to find the natural groupings of pollen data by using cluster analysis, with the intent to use these groupings for further interpretation of real-time bioaerosol measurements. The scattering and fluorescence data belonging to 29 types of pollen and spores were first acquired in the laboratory using Rapid-E automatic particle detector. Neural networks were used for primary data processing, and the resulting feature vectors were clustered for scattering and fluorescence modality. Scattering clusters results showed that pollen of the same plant taxa associates with the different clusters corresponding to particle shape and size properties. According to fluorescence clusters, pollen grouping highlighted the possibility to differentiate Dactylis and Secale genera in the Poaceae family. Fluorescent clusters played a more important role than scattering for separating unidentified fluorescent particles from tested pollen. The proposed clustering method aids in reducing the number of false-positive errors.
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Tommasi, Nicola, Andrea Ferrari, Massimo Labra, Andrea Galimberti, and Paolo Biella. "Harnessing the Power of Metabarcoding in the Ecological Interpretation of Plant-Pollinator DNA Data: Strategies and Consequences of Filtering Approaches." Diversity 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13090437.
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Although DNA metabarcoding of pollen mixtures has been increasingly used in the field of pollination biology, methodological and interpretation issues arise due to its high sensitivity. Filtering or maintaining false positives, contaminants, and rare taxa or molecular features could lead to different ecological results. Here, we reviewed how this choice has been addressed in 43 studies featuring pollen DNA metabarcoding, which highlighted a very high heterogeneity of filtering methods. We assessed how these strategies shaped pollen assemblage composition, species richness, and interaction networks. To do so, we compared four processing methods: unfiltering, filtering with a proportional 1% of sample reads, a fixed threshold of 100 reads, and the ROC approach (Receiver Operator Characteristic). The results indicated that filtering impacted species composition and reduced species richness, with ROC emerging as a conservative approach. Moreover, in contrast to unfiltered networks, filtering decreased network Connectance and Entropy, and it increased Modularity and Connectivity, indicating that using cut-off thresholds better describes interactions. Overall, unfiltering might compromise reliable ecological interpretations, unless a study targets rare species. We discuss the suitability of each filtering type, plead for justifying filtering strategies on biological or methodological bases and for developing shared approaches to make future studies more comparable.
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Li, Ping, and John R. Flenley. "Pollen texture identification using neural networks." Grana 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001731300750044717.
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De Bona, A. A., K. V. O. Fonseca, M. O. Rosa, R. Lüders, and M. R. B. S. Delgado. "Analysis of Public Bus Transportation of a Brazilian City Based on the Theory of Complex Networks Using the P-Space." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3898762.
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The city of Curitiba, located at Southern Brazil, is recognized by its urban planning structured on three pillars: land use, collective transportation, and traffic. With 3.8 million people in its metropolitan area, the public transport system deals with approximately 2.5 million passengers daily. The structure and properties of such a transportation system have substantial implications for the urban planning and public politics for sustainable development of Curitiba. Therefore, this paper analyzes the structure of the public transportation system of Curitiba through the theory of complex networks in a static approach of network topology and presents a comparative analysis of the results from Curitiba, three cities from China (Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou), and three cities from Poland (GOP, Warszawa, and Łódź). The transportation network was modeled as a complex network with exact geographical coordinates of its bus stops. In all bus lines, the method used was the P-Space. The results show that this bus network has characteristics of both small-world and scale-free networks.
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Menad, Hanane, Farah Ben-Naoum, and Abdelmalek Amine. "A Thresholding Approach for Pollen Detection in Images Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2019100102.
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Melissopalynology is a field that studies pollen grain origins to identify their species. It consists of studying either the chemical composition of each grain, or their shapes using microscopic images. This paper presents a system of pollen identification based on the microscopic images, it is divided into two parts, first part is the pollen detection using a thresholding method with simulated annealing algorithm. The second step is the pollen classification, in which we used deep convolutional neural network to extract features from the detected pollen grains and represent them in numerical vectors, therefore, we can use these vectors to classify them based on fully connected neural network, SVM or similarity calculation. The obtained results showed a high efficiency of the neural network in which it could recognize 98.07% of the pollen species compared not just to SVM and similarity methods, but also to works from literature.
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Dobrzyńska, Ewa, and Maciej Dobrzyński. "Structure and dynamics of a public bike-sharing system. Case study of the public transport system in Białystok." Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2016-0033.
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Abstract The article presents the results of a research project referring to the dynamics of the public bike-sharing system BiKeR (Białystok, Poland) in 2014-2015. Identification of the dynamics of the system permits modifications that lead to the enhancement of the efficiency and help to determine the reasons for the choice of a location for new bicycle stations. The basic methodology used for compiling data were the statistical methods with special emphasis on network analysis and graph theory. Analysis of the data allowed us to identify the mechanisms of changes in the system affecting its dynamics, especially in the area of network topology changes in conjunction with the location of network nodes (stations). The research and analysis showed the specificity of PBS as a transport network. The PBS network, the process of analysis, the value of network metrics and their distribution differ significantly from other types of transport networks (including municipal). The results improve decision-making processes related to the creation and modification of a PBS network, especially in the field of process support, the choice of station location and the impact of these choices on the networks dynamics (as a prognostic utility).
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Gehrig, Regula. "Representativeness of pollen traps: a review of the national pollen network of Switzerland." Aerobiologia 35, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09593-z.
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Menad, Hanane, Farah Ben-naoum, and Abdelmalek Amine. "A Hybrid Grey Wolves Optimizer and Convolutional Neural Network for Pollen Grain Recognition." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsir.2020070104.
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Melissopalynology, or pollen analysis of honey, is one of the areas that benefited greatly from image processing and analysis techniques, where melissopalynology is the science that studies the pollen contained in honey, using a microscopic examination. Nowadays, developing an automatic classification system for pollen identification presents a challenge. This article presents a metaheuristic for image segmentation to detect pollen grains in images. It is a swarm intelligence technique inspired from grey wolf hunting behavior in nature, centered around respecting the hierarchy of a pack. It was tested on a set of microscopic images of pollen grains. To evaluate pollen detection, we represented the detected pollen grains using two methods, grey-level based representations where we kept grey value of each pixel, and a binary mask-based technique, where a pixel could have only two values (1 or 0). Then, we used a convolutional neural network (CNN) technique for image classification to predict the specie of each pollen. The proposed system was tested on a set of microscopic images of pollen grains. The obtained performance measures of the system proved that the system is very successful.
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Navares, Ricardo, and José Luis Aznarte. "Geographical Imputation of Missing Poaceae Pollen Data via Convolutional Neural Networks." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110717.
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Airborne pollen monitoring datasets sometimes exhibit gaps, even very long, either because of maintenance or because of a lack of expert personnel. Despite the numerous imputation techniques available, not all of them effectively include the spatial relations of the data since the assumption of missing-at-random is made. However, there are several techniques in geostatistics that overcome this limitation such as the inverse distance weighting and Gaussian processes or kriging. In this paper, a new method is proposed that utilizes convolutional neural networks. This method not only shows a competitive advantage in terms of accuracy when compared to the aforementioned techniques by improving the error by 5% on average, but also reduces execution training times by 90% when compared to a Gaussian process. To show the advantages of the proposal, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the data points are removed in the time series of a Poaceae pollen observation station in the region of Madrid, and the airborne concentrations from the remaining available stations in the network are used to impute the data removed. Even though the improvements in terms of accuracy are not significantly large, even if consistent, the gain in computational time and the flexibility of the proposed convolutional neural network allow field experts to adapt and extend the solution, for instance including meteorological variables, with the potential decrease of the errors reported in this paper.
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Mandrioli, Paolo. "The Italian Network for the allergenic pollen monitoring." Aerobiologia 4, no. 1-2 (December 1988): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02450030.
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Studziński, Jan, and Andrzej Ziółkowski. "Control of Pumps of Water Supply Network under Hydraulic and Energy Optimisation Using Artificial Intelligence." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091014.
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This article presents several algorithms for controlling water supply system pumps. The aim of having control is the hydraulic optimisation of the network, i.e., ensuring the desired pressure in its recipient nodes, and minimising energy costs of network operation. These two tasks belong to the key issues related to the management and operation of water supply networks, apart from the reduction in water losses caused by network failures and ensuring proper water quality. The presented algorithms have been implemented in an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) system developed at the Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IBS PAN) and implemented in the waterworks GPW S.A. in Katowice/Poland.
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Loboda, Marek, Hans D. Betz, Piotr Baranski, Jan Wiszniowski, and Zdzislaw Dziewit. "New Lightning Detection Networks in Poland – LINET and LLDN." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2009): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010029.
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Lightning detection in Poland is performed by means of a PERUN (Safir 3000) system operated by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Poland is also partly covered by a VLF/LF lightning detection system (CLDN, Central Lightning Detection Network). Both sources of lightning data have their limitations resulting from detection technique, limited number of sensors and geographical configuration, with the consequence of shortcomings in the data quality. For this reason, a new network has been installed in Poland and started continuous real-time operation in May 2006. It is LINET that covers entire Poland and is complemented by numerous sensors positioned in surrounding countries. In 2007 additional LINET sensors have been installed in Poland in order to allow exploitation of reduced baselines for efficient achievement of total lightning. In the frame of the COST P18 Action “Physics of Lightning Flash and Its Effects” another new Polish project started in 2006 related to regional lightning location. At present, the Local Lightning Detection Network (LLDN) undergoes installation in the region of Warsaw. LLDN will consist of six individual stations equipped with E-field antennae and digital recorders synchronized with GPS time signals. The aim of LLDN installation is complement other networks covering region of Warsaw (PERUN, LINET) and to provide an additional source of lightning CG data with high sensitivity in a relatively small area. In the paper are described general characteristics of LINET in Poland, as well as basic characteristics and assumed performance of LLDN, which will start operation in 2008.
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Matuszewski, Paweł, and Gabriella Szabó. "Are Echo Chambers Based on Partisanship? Twitter and Political Polarity in Poland and Hungary." Social Media + Society 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 205630511983767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119837671.
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In this study, we investigate how Twitter allows individuals in Hungary and Poland to experience different political views. To comprehend citizens’ exposure to political information, “who’s following who?” graphs of 455,912 users in Hungary (851,557 connections) and 1,803,837 users in Poland (10,124,501 connections) are examined. Our conceptual point of departure is that Twitter follower networks tell us whether individuals prefer to be members of a group that receives one-sided political messages, or whether they tend to form politically heterogeneous clusters that cut across ideological lines. Methodologically, such connections are best studied by means of computer-aided quantitative research complemented by the sociocentric approach of network analysis. Our data date from September 2018. The findings for Poland do not support the hypothesis of clusters emerging along partisan lines. Likewise, the Hungarian case reveals sharp group divisions on Twitter, the nodes however are diverse and overlapping in terms of political leaning. The data suggest that exposure and segregation in follower networks are not necessarily based on partisanship.
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Cowie, Sophie, Rudy Arthur, and Hywel Williams. "@choo: Tracking Pollen and Hayfever in the UK Using Social Media." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124434.
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Allergic rhinitis (hayfever) affects a large proportion of the population in the United Kingdom. Although relatively easily treated with medication, symptoms nonetheless have a substantial adverse effect on wellbeing during the summer pollen season. Provision of accurate pollen forecasts can help sufferers to manage their condition and minimise adverse effects. Current pollen forecasts in the UK are based on a sparse network of pollen monitoring stations. Here, we explore the use of “social sensing” (analysis of unsolicited social media content) as an alternative source of pollen and hayfever observations. We use data from the Twitter platform to generate a dynamic spatial map of pollen levels based on user reports of hayfever symptoms. We show that social sensing alone creates a spatiotemporal pollen measurement with remarkable similarity to measurements taken from the established physical pollen monitoring network. This demonstrates that social sensing of pollen can be accurate, relative to current methods, and suggests a variety of future applications of this method to help hayfever sufferers manage their condition.
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Kishikawa, Reiko, Akemi Saito, Hiroyuki Nanba, Norio Sahashi, Yoshinori Higaki, Eiko Koto, Terufumi Shimoda, Kazuo Akiyama, and Tomoaki Iwanaga. "Monitoring Japanese Allergenic Pollen Using Durham's and Burkard Sampler for Asia Pollen Allergy Network." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 131, no. 2 (February 2013): AB81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.956.
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Smith, Christopher, Lawrence Dubuske, Larry Bowen, Alyson Lineberry, Rachel Ballard, Denise Lee, and Pieter-Jan de Kam. "Development of a US Pollen Sampling Network in Support of Pollen Allergen Immunotherapy Studies." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 145, no. 2 (February 2020): AB36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.739.
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Kopczyńska, Ewa. "Are There Local Versions of Sustainability? Food Networks in the Semi-Periphery." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072845.
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The results of many studies of Central and Eastern European food networks suggest that the changes in local food systems are not a delayed repetition of their Western counterparts but have different dynamics resulting from the political and economic circumstances in the countries. To examine the specific sustainability potential of local food networks in Poland, this study compares the collectives based on novel alternative food networks and traditional networks. Drawing on the concept of actant in actor–network theory and content analysis methodology, the study identifies the specificity of these networks. The results show that traditional networks are more focused on the material core of practices, being geographically close, unified, and more specific regarding material actants of the networks. On the other hand, collectives based on Western-style alternative food networks are more widely distributed, reaching out to more abstract and distant actants.
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Csépe, Z., Á. Leelőssy, G. Mányoki, D. Kajtor-Apatini, O. Udvardy, B. Péter, A. Páldy, et al. "The application of a neural network-based ragweed pollen forecast by the Ragweed Pollen Alarm System in the Pannonian biogeographical region." Aerobiologia 36, no. 2 (November 9, 2019): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09615-w.
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Abstract Ragweed Pollen Alarm System (R-PAS) has been running since 2014 to provide pollen information for countries in the Pannonian biogeographical region (PBR). The aim of this study was to develop forecast models of the representative aerobiological monitoring stations, identified by analysis based on a neural network computation. Monitoring stations with 7-day Hirst-type pollen trap having 10-year long validated data set of ragweed pollen were selected for the study from the PBR. Variables including forecasted meteorological data, pollen data of the previous days and nearby monitoring stations were used as input of the model. We used the multilayer perceptron model to forecast the pollen concentration. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a feedforward artificial neural network. MLP is a data-driven method to forecast the behaviour of complex systems. In our case, it has three layers, one of which is hidden. MLP utilizes a supervised learning technique called backpropagation for training to get better performance. By testing the neural network, we selected different sets of variables to predict pollen levels for the next 3 days in each of the monitoring stations. The predicted pollen level categories (low–medium–high–very high) are shown on isarithmic map. We used the mean square error, mean absolute error and correlation coefficient metrics to show the forecasting system’s performance. The average of the Pearson correlations is around 0.6 but shows big variability (0.13–0.88) among different locations. Model uncertainty is mainly caused by the limitation of the available input data and the variability in ragweed season patterns. Visualization of the results of the neural network forecast on isarithmic maps is a good tool to communicate pollen information to general public in the PBR.
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Goszczyński, Wojciech, Ruta Śpiewak, Aleksandra Bilewicz, and Michał Wróblewski. "Between Imitation and Embeddedness: Three Types of Polish Alternative Food Networks." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247059.
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The purpose of this article is to present the specific character of Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) in Poland as one of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We refer to the issue increasingly debated in the social sciences, that is, how to translate academic models embedded in specific social contexts to other contexts, as we trace the process of adapting ideas and patterns of AFNs developed in the West to the semi-peripheral context of CEE countries. Drawing on the theory of social practices, we divide the analysis into three essential areas: The ideas of the network, its materiality, and the activities within the network. We have done secondary analysis of the research material, including seven case studies the authors worked on in the past decade. We distinguish three network models—imitated, embedded and mixed—which allow us to establish a specific post-transformational AFN growth theory. Particular attention should be paid to the type of embedded networks, as they highlight the possibility of local and original forms of AFNs. Mixed networks show that ideas imported from abroad need to be considered in juxtaposition and connection with local circumstances.
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Babaei, Saeid, Mohan B. Singh, and Prem L. Bhalla. "Circular RNAs Repertoire and Expression Profile during Brassica rapa Pollen Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910297.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules generated by the back-splicing of exons from linear precursor mRNAs. Though various linear RNAs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in many biological and developmental processes, little is known about the role of their circular counterparts. In this study, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to delineate the expression profile and potential function of circRNAs during the five stages of pollen development in Brassica rapa. A total of 1180 circRNAs were detected in pollen development, of which 367 showed stage-specific expression patterns. Functional enrichment and metabolic pathway analysis showed that the parent genes of circRNAs were mainly involved in pollen-related molecular and biological processes such as mitotic and meiotic cell division, DNA processes, protein synthesis, protein modification, and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Moreover, by predicting the circRNA–miRNA network from our differentially expressed circRNAs, we found 88 circRNAs with potential miRNA binding sites, suggesting their role in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes. Finally, we confirmed the back-splicing sites of nine selected circRNAs using divergent primers and Sanger sequencing. Our study presents the systematic analysis of circular RNAs during pollen development and forms the basis of future studies for unlocking complex gene regulatory networks underpinning reproduction in flowering plants.
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Wegert, Zachary J., Anthony P. Roberts, and Vivien J. Challis. "Novel properties of multi-poled piezoelectric network structures." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 10 (August 31, 2021): 105016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac1c1b.
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Kubera, Elżbieta, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, and Magdalena Skrzypiec. "Deep Learning Methods for Improving Pollen Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103526.
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The risk of pollen-induced allergies can be determined and predicted based on data derived from pollen monitoring. Hirst-type samplers are sensors that allow airborne pollen grains to be detected and their number to be determined. Airborne pollen grains are deposited on adhesive-coated tape, and slides are then prepared, which require further analysis by specialized personnel. Deep learning can be used to recognize pollen taxa based on microscopic images. This paper presents a method for recognizing a taxon based on microscopic images of pollen grains, allowing the pollen monitoring process to be automated. In this research, a deep CNN (convolutional neural network) model was built from scratch. Publicly available deep neural network models, pre-trained on image data (not including microscopic pictures), were also used. The results show that even a simple deep learning model produces quite good results when the classification of pollen grain taxa is performed directly from the images. The best deep learning model achieved 97.88% accuracy in the difficult task of recognizing three types of pollen grains (birch, alder, and hazel) with similar structures. The derived models can be used to build a system to support pollen monitoring experts in their work.