Journal articles: 'Pollinators in the agroecosystems'

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Morrison, Jane, Jordi Izquierdo, Eva Hernández Plaza, and José L. González-Andújar. "The Attractiveness of Five Common Mediterranean Weeds to Pollinators." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071314.

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Concerns about a global decline in pollinators have called for more knowledge about the factors influencing wild pollinator abundance and diversity in agroecosystems. Agricultural intensification has been identified as the main cause of this “global pollinator crisis”, particularly due to reductions in natural areas holding critical floral and nesting resources. Maintaining native wild plants in agricultural landscapes (e.g., in field margins) is often recommended as a cost-effective and efficient method for pollinator conservation. In this study, the role of common wild flowers, often considered weeds, in supporting pollinators in a Mediterranean agroecosystem was investigated. This work involved a two-year field trial to compare five native weed species common in Mediterranean cereal agroecosystems: Convolvulus arvensis L., Daucus carota L., Malva sylvestris L., Papaver rhoeas L., and Sonchus oleraceus L. The goal was to compare the attractiveness of these species, and a mixture of all five, to different flower-visiting insect groups in order to assess their value in supporting wild pollinators. Overall, D. carota had the highest number of insect visits, followed by P. rhoeas. C. arvensis, M. sylvestris, and S. oleraceus, which had lower numbers of visits. On the basis of their overall attractiveness to pollinators and low risk for invasiveness, D. carota, P. rhoeas, and M. sylvestris are the most likely to contribute positively to the conservation of pollinators in agroecosystems. Our results also suggest that it is advantageous for wild flowers sown for the purpose of pollinator conservation to be grown in clumps, rather than highly intermingled, for improved visitation rates.

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Giovanetti, Manuela, Sergio Albertazzi, Simone Flaminio, Rosa Ranalli, Laura Bortolotti, and Marino Quaranta. "Pollination in Agroecosystems: A Review of the Conceptual Framework with a View to Sound Monitoring." Land 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050540.

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The pollination ecology in agroecosystems tackles a landscape in which plants and pollinators need to adjust, or be adjusted, to human intervention. A valid, widely applied approach is to regard pollination as a link between specific plants and their pollinators. However, recent evidence has added landscape features for a wider ecological perspective. Are we going in the right direction? Are existing methods providing pollinator monitoring tools suitable for understanding agroecosystems? In Italy, we needed to address these questions to respond to government pressure to implement pollinator monitoring in agroecosystems. We therefore surveyed the literature, grouped methods and findings, and evaluated approaches. We selected studies that may contain directions and tools directly linked to pollinators and agroecosystems. Our analysis revealed four main paths that must come together at some point: (i) the research question perspective, (ii) the advances of landscape analysis, (iii) the role of vegetation, and (iv) the gaps in our knowledge of pollinators taxonomy and behavior. An important conclusion is that the pollinator scale is alarmingly disregarded. Debate continues about what features to include in pollinator monitoring and the appropriate level of detail: we suggest that the pollinator scale should be the main driver.

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Middleton, Eric G., Ian V. MacRae, and Christopher R. Philips. "Floral Plantings in Large-Scale Commercial Agroecosystems Support Both Pollinators and Arthropod Predators." Insects 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020091.

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Beneficial insect populations and the services that they provide are in decline, largely due to agricultural land use and practices. Establishing perennial floral plantings in the unused margins of crop fields can help conserve beneficial pollinators and predators in commercial agroecosystems. We assessed the impacts of floral plantings on both pollinators and arthropod predators when established adjacent to conventionally managed commercial potato fields. Floral plantings significantly increased the abundance of pollinators within floral margins compared with unmanaged margins. Increased floral cover within margins led to significantly greater pollinator abundance as well. The overall abundance of arthropod predators was also significantly increased in floral plantings, although it was unrelated to the amount of floral cover. Within adjacent potato crops, the presence of floral plantings in field margins had no effect on the abundance of pollinators or predators, although higher floral cover in margins did marginally increase in-crop pollinator abundance. Establishing floral plantings of this kind on a large scale in commercial agroecosystems can help conserve both pollinators and predators, but may not increase ecosystem services in nearby crops.

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McGrady, C. M., R. Troyer, and S. J. Fleischer. "Wild Bee Visitation Rates Exceed Pollination Thresholds in Commercial Cucurbita Agroecosystems." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 562–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz295.

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Abstract Wild bees supply sufficient pollination in Cucurbita agroecosystems in certain settings; however, some growers continue to stock fields with managed pollinators due to uncertainties of temporal and spatial variation on pollination services supplied by wild bees. Here, we evaluate wild bee pollination activity in wholesale, commercial pumpkin fields over 3 yr. We identified 37 species of bees foraging in commercial pumpkin fields. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]), squash bees (Eucera (Peponapis) Say, Dorchin [Hymenoptera: Apidae]), and bumble bees (Bombus spp., primarily B. impatiens Cresson [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) were the most active pollinator taxa, responsible for over 95% of all pollination visits. Preference for female flowers decreased as distance from field edge increased for several bee taxa. Visitation rates from one key pollinator was negatively affected by field size. Visitation rates for multiple taxa exhibited a curvilinear response as the growing season progressed and responded positively to increasing floral density. We synthesized existing literature to estimate minimum ‘pollination thresholds’ per taxa and determined that each of the most active pollinator taxa exceeded these thresholds independently. Under current conditions, renting honey bee hives may be superfluous in this system. These results can aid growers when executing pollination management strategies and further highlights the importance of monitoring and conserving wild pollinator populations.

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Yousuf, Shayista, Parveena Bano, and Shahnaz Anjum. "Status of pollinators and their role in maintaining agroecosystems." Indian Journal of Entomology 82, no. 4 (2020): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00153.4.

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Morandin, Lora A., and Mark L. Winston. "Pollinators provide economic incentive to preserve natural land in agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 116, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.012.

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Saunders, Manu E., Rebecca K. Peisley, Romina Rader, and Gary W. Luck. "Pollinators, pests, and predators: Recognizing ecological trade-offs in agroecosystems." Ambio 45, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0696-y.

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Skidmore, Amanda R., Clancy A. Short, Chasity Dills, Karen Goodell, and Ricardo T. Bessin. "Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 4 (May 22, 2019): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz052.

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Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

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Nicholls, Clara I., and Miguel A. Altieri. "Plant biodiversity enhances bees and other insect pollinators in agroecosystems. A review." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33, no. 2 (June 14, 2012): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0092-y.

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Phillips, Benjamin W., and Mary M. Gardiner. "Use of video surveillance to measure the influences of habitat management and landscape composition on pollinator visitation and pollen deposition in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) agroecosystems." PeerJ 3 (November 5, 2015): e1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1342.

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Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) production relies on insect-mediated pollination, which is provided by managed and wild pollinators. The goals of this study were to measure the visitation frequency, longevity and temporal activity patterns of pumpkin pollinators and to determine if local habitat management and landscape composition affected this pollination service. We used video surveillance to monitor bee acitivty within male and female pumpkin flowers in 2011 and 2012 across a pollination window of 0600–1200 h. We also quantified the amount of pollen deposited in female flowers across this time period. In 2011,A. melliferamade significantly more floral visits than other bees, and in 2012Bombus spp. was the dominant pumpkin pollinator. We found variation in visitation among male and female pumpkin flowers, withA. melliferavisiting female flowers more often and spending longer per visit within them than male flowers in both 2011 and 2012. The squash beeP. pruinosavisited male flowers more frequently in 2012, but individuals spent equal time in both flower sexes. We did not find variation in the timing of flower visitation among species across the observed pollination window. In both 2011 and 2012 we found that the majority of pollen deposition occurred within the first two hours (0600–0800 h) of observation; there was no difference between the pollen deposited during this two-hour period and full pollination window (0600–1200 h). Local additions of sweet alyssum floral strips or a field buffer strip of native wildflowers did not have an effect on the foraging activity of bees or pollen deposition. However, semi-natural and urban habitats in the surrounding landscape were positively correlated with the frequency of flower visitation by wild pollinators and the amount of pollen deposited within female flowers.

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Hasibuan, Rosma, I. Gede Swibawa, Agus M. Hariri, Sudi Pramono, F. X. Susilo, and Nurafiah Karmike. "DAMPAK APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA PERMETRIN TERHADAP SERANGGA HAMA (THOSEA SP.) DAN SERANGGA PENYERBUK (ELAEIDOBIUS KAMERUNICUS) DALAM AGROEKOSISTEM KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 2, no. 2 (March 22, 2002): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2242-46.

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Impact of Permethrin-Insecticide Application on Insect Pest (Thosea sp.) and Insect Pollinators (Elaeidobius kamerunicus) in Oil Palm Agroecosystem. Insecticide efficacy studies are usually determined from the target insect (pest) data without regard to the effect of that treatment on the non-target insects (such as pollinators). This study examined the effect of permethrin (one of widely used insecticides for agriculture) on defoliating insect pest (nettle caterpillar, Thosea sp.) and insect pollinator (weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus) which lives on pollen of male oil palm flowers. A complete block design was used in which each of four blocks consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of permethrin; 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm and control) . The results clearly demonstrated that the application of permethrin reduced significantly the number of nettle caterpillar throughout all sprayed plants (up to 100% 14 d after treatments). A significant difference in mean population of the caterpillar were detected between plots sprayed with permethrin (0.05; 0.25; 0.53; and 2.00 larvae/leaves at concentrations of 250; 200; 100; and 50 ppm respectively) and control plant (5.2 larvae/leaves) 3 d after treatments. This insecticide effects persisted for at least 14 d after treatments. On the other hand, permethrin application in oil palm agroecosystem had adverse effects on main pollinator (E. kamerunicus). The number of weevil pollinators on sprayed plants (12.5; 59.3; 77.5; and 209.5 weevil/male flower at concentrations of 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm respectively) were significantly fewer compared to the control plants (976.0 weevil/male flower). The results indicate that, despite high efficacy of permethrin in reducing number of insect pests of oil palm (Thosea sp.), its application also cause a severe impact on important insect pollinators (E. kamerunicus).

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Ingwell, Laura L., John J. Ternest, Jacob R. Pecenka, and Ian Kaplan. "Supplemental forage ameliorates the negative impact of insecticides on bumblebees in a pollinator-dependent crop." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1953 (June 30, 2021): 20210785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0785.

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Insecticide use and insufficient forage are two of the leading stressors to pollinators in agroecosystems. While these factors have been well studied individually, the experimental designs do not reflect real-world conditions where insecticide exposure and lack of forage occur simultaneously and could interactively suppress pollinator health. Using outdoor enclosures, we tested the effects of insecticides (imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin) and non-crop forage (clover) in a factorial design, measuring the survival, behaviour and performance of bumblebees ( Bombus impatiens ), as well as pollination of the focal crop, watermelon. Colony survival was synergistically reduced to 17% in watermelon alone + insecticides (survival was 100% in all other treatments). However, behavioural shifts in foraging were mainly owing to insecticides (e.g. 95% reduced visitation rate to watermelon flowers), while impacts on hive performance were primarily driven by clover presence (e.g. 374% increase in the number of live eggs). Insecticide-mediated reductions in foraging decreased crop pollination (fruit set) by 32%. Altogether, these data indicate that both insecticides and non-crop forage play integral roles in shaping pollinator health in agricultural landscapes, but the relative importance and interaction of these two factors depend on which aspect of ‘health’ is being considered.

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Adler, Lynn S., Nicholas A. Barber, Olivia M. Biller, and Rebecca E. Irwin. "Flowering plant composition shapes pathogen infection intensity and reproduction in bumble bee colonies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (May 11, 2020): 11559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000074117.

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Pathogens pose significant threats to pollinator health and food security. Pollinators can transmit diseases during foraging, but the consequences of plant species composition for infection is unknown. In agroecosystems, flowering strips or hedgerows are often used to augment pollinator habitat. We used canola as a focal crop in tents and manipulated flowering strip composition using plant species we had previously shown to result in higher or lower bee infection in short-term trials. We also manipulated initial colony infection to assess impacts on foraging behavior. Flowering strips using high-infection plant species nearly doubled bumble bee colony infection intensity compared to low-infection plant species, with intermediate infection in canola-only tents. Both infection treatment and flowering strips reduced visits to canola, but we saw no evidence that infection treatment shifted foraging preferences. Although high-infection flowering strips increased colony infection intensity, colony reproduction was improved with any flowering strips compared to canola alone. Effects of flowering strips on colony reproduction were explained by nectar availability, but effects of flowering strips on infection intensity were not. Thus, flowering strips benefited colony reproduction by adding floral resources, but certain plant species also come with a risk of increased pathogen infection intensity.

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Silva-Neto, C. M., L. L. Bergamini, M. A. S. Elias, G. L. Moreira, J. M. Morais, B. A. R. Bergamini, and E. V. Franceschinelli. "High species richness of native pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17515.

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Abstract Pollinators provide an essential service to natural ecosystems and agriculture. In tomatoes flowers, anthers are poricidal, pollen may drop from their pore when flowers are shaken by the wind. However, bees that vibrate these anthers increase pollen load on the stigma and in fruit production. The present study aimed to identify the pollinator richness of tomato flowers and investigate their morphological and functional traits related to the plant-pollinator interaction in plantations of Central Brazil. The time of anthesis, flower duration, and the number and viability of pollen grains and ovules were recorded. Floral visitors were observed and collected. Flower buds opened around 6h30 and closed around 18h00. They reopened on the following day at the same time in the morning, lasting on average 48 hours. The highest pollen availability occurred during the first hours of anthesis. Afterwards, the number of pollen grains declined, especially between 10h00 to 12h00, which is consistent with the pollinator visitation pattern. Forty bee species were found in the tomato fields, 30 of which were considered pollinators. We found that during the flowering period, plants offered an enormous amount of pollen to their visitors. These may explain the high richness and amount of bees that visit the tomato flowers in the study areas. The period of pollen availability and depletion throughout the day overlapped with the bees foraging period, suggesting that bees are highly effective in removing pollen grains from anthers. Many of these grains probably land on the stigma of the same flower, leading to self-pollination and subsequent fruit development. Native bees (Exomalopsis spp.) are effective pollinators of tomato flowers and are likely to contribute to increasing crop productivity. On the other hand, here tomato flowers offer large amounts of pollen resource to a high richness and amount of bees, showing a strong plant-pollinator interaction in the study agroecosystem.

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Main, Anson R., Michelle L. Hladik, Elisabeth B. Webb, Keith W. Goyne, and Doreen Mengel. "Beyond neonicotinoids – Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems." Science of The Total Environment 742 (November 2020): 140436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140436.

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Kennedy, Christina M., Eric Lonsdorf, Maile C. Neel, Neal M. Williams, Taylor H. Ricketts, Rachael Winfree, Riccardo Bommarco, et al. "A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems." Ecology Letters 16, no. 5 (March 11, 2013): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12082.

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Dimitrov, Yanko, Nedyalka Palagacheva, Rositsa Mladenova, Plamen Zorovski, Stoyan Georgiev, Zheko Radev, Milena Dimova, and Lilko Dospatliev. "Establishment of Grass Strips for Maintaining Biodiversity in Agroecosystems." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n3p90.

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Main principle of the common agricultural policy of European Union is achievement of high results with the least possible negative impact on the environment, land protection and efficient use of natural resources. For that purpose, a number of studies are carried out, related to the improvement of biodiversity and protection of the pollinators in the areas of production. Two type of grass mixes were observed: “Laitamag” (Hungary) composed of White mustard (Sinapis alba L.), White clover (Trifolium repens L.), Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham), Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), Red clover (Trifolium pretense L.), Wild oats (Avena sativa L.), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and a mix, proposed by the Agrarian University: White mustard (Sinapis alba L.), White clover (Trifolium repens L.), Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham), Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The vegetation of the autumn crops began in March, as the blossoming lasts for 60-63 days, from the beginning of April until 24 June. For the spring sowing (18 March), the flowering of the mixes occurred later, in the second 10-day period of May and ended at the end of June. As a result of the low temperatures during winter, the white mustard, buckwheat and sainfoin plants perished. White clover proves to be the most resilient species.

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Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, Fernando Santa, Oscar Aguado, José Vicente Falcó-Garí, Alicia Iborra, Michael Schade, Claire Brittain, Vasileios Vasileiadis, and Luis Miranda-Barroso. "Enhancement of the Diversity of Pollinators and Beneficial Insects in Intensively Managed Vineyards." Insects 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080740.

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(1) Modern, intensive agricultural practices have been attributed to the loss of insect biodiversity and abundance in agroecosystems for the last 80 years. The aim of this work is to test whether there are statistically significant differences in insect abundance between different zones and over time on the vineyard field. (2) The study was carried out in five intensive wine farms in Spain over a three-year period (2013–2015). Each field was divided into two zones, one where cover plants were planted, and another remained unchanged (without cover). (3) A clear trend to increase the average number of insect species and individuals throughout the years in all farms was observed. Moreover, the zones with cover plants showed a significant difference with respect to the zones without. (4) The use of permanent cover plants allows creating areas of refuge for the insects favouring their conservation and reducing the agriculture impact in the insect decline.

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Jones, Laura J., Ryan P. Ford, Rudolf J. Schilder, and Margarita M. López-Uribe. "Honey bee viruses are highly prevalent but at low intensities in wild pollinators of cucurbit agroecosystems." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 185 (October 2021): 107667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107667.

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Ngo, H. T., J. Gibbs, T. Griswold, and L. Packer. "Evaluating bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity using Malaise traps in coffee landscapes of Costa Rica." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 4 (May 21, 2013): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.16.

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AbstractEven though Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica Linnaeus, Rubiaceae) can self-pollinate, bees are important pollinators, without which there is lower fruit quality and yield. We studied bee diversity in coffee agroecosystems in Costa Rica during two coffee flowering seasons (2005 and 2006). Malaise traps were used as a passive sampling method to collect bees during coffee blooms. We collected 1012 bee individuals from three different site types: nonagricultural fields and shaded and unshaded coffee farms. Unshaded coffee farms had significantly higher species richness (S) and number of bee individuals (n) than did the shaded coffee farms and nonagricultural sites. Overall bee diversity did not differ among site types but evenness (J′) was significantly lower in unshaded coffee farms. Using a more detailed community analysis, there was a significant association between functional groups and habitat type with more species and individuals of small-bodied ground-nesting bees (Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson) associated with unshaded coffee farms. A large proportion (49%) of bees collected were of this subgenus, which was never before reported as common in coffee agroecosystems. Further studies should establish whether Dialictus is important in coffee pollination. We propose strategies involving conservation of native bees through simple habitat management for small-scale coffee farms that may improve crop quality and quantity.

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Sihag, Ram Chander. "Some Unresolved Issues of Measuring the Efficiency of Pollinators: Experimentally Testing and Assessing the Predictive Power of Different Methods." International Journal of Ecology 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3904973.

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Knowledge of efficiency of pollinators is valuable in the derivation of (i) the degree of mutualism specialization of a flower visitor in the natural plant communities, (ii) the optimum number of pollinators needed for the maximum pollination in a plant population, and (iii) the pollinator risk assessment in the sustainable agriculture. Earlier researchers used many direct and indirect methods for measuring the pollination efficiency (PE) of flower visitors. However, a great ambiguity exists in the usage of this terminology that necessitated its fresh scrutiny. I tested the available three standard methods afresh to find the efficiency of pollinators. These included comparing the (i) number of pollen grains removed and deposited by the visitors; (ii) seed set resulting from a single and the multiple visits of the visitors; and (iii) “pollen transfer efficiency (PTE)” derived from the foraging behavior and abundances of the visitors. Observations were recorded on the visitors of four plant species in an agroecosystem of Northwest India. These plants represented a wide variety of the floral types across the angiosperms. The first two methods, namely, the “number of pollen grains removed and deposited” and the “seed set resulting from a single and the multiple visits,” were appropriate in finding differences between the efficiency ranks of the pollinators of those flowers where the number of deposited pollen grains was less than the number of ovules in the ovary. However, these two methods completely failed in situations where exactly reverse condition of pollen grains and ovules existed. Thus, these two methods of measuring the PE of visitors had limited approach and lacked a universal application over the entire angiosperm taxa. On the other hand, use of “pollen transfer efficiency”, derived from the foraging behavior and abundance of the visitors, seemed to have an edge over the other two methods as this was helpful in finding differences between the efficiency ranks of the pollinators of plants in all the three situations tested in this study. However, validation of all the three methods through the plant reproductive potential seemed to be an integral confirmatory step for drawing inferences about the efficiency of pollinators.

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Vanoye-Eligio, Maximiliano, Jorge Víctor HortaVega, Venancio Vanoye-Eligio, Madai Rosas-Mejía, and Ludwin Jaime Estrada Ramírez. "Review of Occurrence of Vespoidea (Hymenoptera) in the State of Campeche, Mexico." Journal of Entomological Science 55, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.3.366.

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Abstract The superfamily Vespoidea of the order Hymenoptera is reportedly comprised of 27,389 species worldwide within 10 taxonomic families and represents a diversity of composition, behavioral habits, and ecological roles. Studies of Vespoidea in the state of Campeche, Mexico, are scarce, and most reports are focused on the family Formicidae. This study presents an analysis based on a literature review of the occurrence of Vespoidea in Campeche. Results indicate that 91 species in 3 taxonomic families (Formicidae, Pompilidae, and Vespidae) are found in Campeche. Tropical ecosystems of Campeche serve as habitats for 6.3% of the total species of Vespoidea in Mexico. Further research on the diversity and ecology of Vespoidea is suggested to increase our knowledge of Vespoidea as natural enemies and pollinators in agroecosystems and natural environments in the state of Campeche, Mexico.

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Esquivel, Isaac L., Robert N. Coulson, and Michael J. Brewer. "A Native Bee, Melissodes tepaneca (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Benefits Cotton Production." Insects 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080487.

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The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically and culturally important cropping systems worldwide. Native pollinators are essential in providing pollination services to a diverse array of crops, including those which have the ability to self-pollinate. Cotton, which is autogamous, can potentially benefit from insect-mediated pollination services provided by native bees within the agroecosystem. Examined through two replicated experiments over two years, we hypothesized that native bees facilitated cross-pollination, which resulted in increased lint of harvested bolls produced by flowers exposed to bees and overall lint weight yield of the plant. Cotton bolls from flowers that were caged and exposed to bees, flowers that were hand-crossed, and bolls from flowers on uncaged plants exposed to pollinators had higher pre-gin weights and post-gin weights than bolls from flowers of caged plants excluded from pollinators. When cotton plants were caged with the local native bee Melissodes tepaneca, seed cotton weight was 0.8 g higher on average in 2018 and 1.18 g higher on average in 2019 than when cotton plants were excluded from bees. Cotton production gains from flowers exposed to M. tepaneca were similar when measuring lint and seed separately. Cotton flowers exposed over two weeks around the middle of the blooming period resulted in an overall yield gain of 12% to 15% on a whole plant basis and up to 24% from bolls produced from flowers exposed directly to M. tepaneca. This information complements cotton-mediated conservation benefits provided to native pollinators by substantiating native bee-mediated pollination services provided to the cotton agroecosystem.

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Moore, Matthew R., Ronald D. Cave, and Marc D. Branham. "Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)." ZooKeys 745 (March 22, 2018): 1–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683.

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The cyclocephaline scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) are a speciose tribe of beetles that include species that are ecologically and economically important as pollinators and pests of agriculture and turf. We provide an overview and synopsis of the 14 genera of Cyclocephalini that includes information on: 1) the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the group; 2) diagnosis and identification of immature life-stages; 3) economic importance in agroecosystems; 4) natural enemies of these beetles; 5) use as food by humans; 6) the importance of adults as pollination mutualists; 7) fossil cyclocephalines and the evolution of the group; 8) generic-level identification of adults. We provide an expanded identification key to genera of world Cyclocephalini and diagnoses for each genus. Character illustrations and generic-level distribution maps are provided along with discussions on the relationships of the tribe’s genera.

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Stein, D. S., D. M. Debinski, J. M. Pleasants, and A. L. Toth. "Evaluating Native Bee Communities and Nutrition in Managed Grasslands." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa009.

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Abstract Native pollinators are important for providing vital services in agroecosystems; however, their numbers are declining globally. Bees are the most efficient and diverse members of the pollinator community; therefore, it is imperative that management strategies be implemented that positively affect bee community composition and health. Here, we test responses of the bee and flowering plant communities to land management treatments in the context of grasslands in the upper Midwestern United States, a critical area with respect to bee declines. Twelve sites were selected to examine floral resources and wild bee communities based on three different types of grasslands: tallgrass prairie remnants, ungrazed restorations, and grazed restorations. Total bee abundance was significantly higher in ungrazed restorations than remnants, but there were no significant differences among grasslands in community composition or Shannon diversity. Across the three grassland types we also examined mass and lipid stores as nutritional health indicators in three sweat bees (Halictidae), Augochlora pura, Agapostemon virescens, and Halictus ligatus. Although there were no differences in lipid content, total average bee mass was significantly higher in Ag. virescens collected from ungrazed restorations as compared to remnants. Floral abundance of native and non-native species combined was significantly higher in grazed restorations compared to remnants and ungrazed restorations. However, ungrazed restorations had higher abundance and richness of native flowering ramets. These data suggest that bee abundance and nutrition are driven by high abundance of native flowering plant species, rather than total flowering plants.

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Grocock, Nicholas L., and Maya L. Evenden. "Local and Landscape-Scale Features Influence Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Bycatch in Bertha Armyworm Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pheromone-Baited Monitoring Traps." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 5 (August 20, 2020): 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa087.

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Abstract The bertha armyworm (BAW) Mamestra configurata Walker is a significant pest of canola Brassica napus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) in western Canada. Its activity is monitored through a large network of pheromone-baited monitoring traps as a part of the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network across the Canadian Prairies. The unintentional bycatch of bee pollinators in pheromone-baited traps targeting moth pests occurs in many agroecosystems and may have repercussions for biodiversity and pollination services of wild plants and managed crops. We conducted field experiments to determine the abundance and diversity of bees attracted to green-colored BAW pheromone-baited traps across the canola growing regions of Alberta, Canada. A higher species diversity and more bumble bees were captured in BAW pheromone-baited than in unbaited control traps. Bombus rufocinctus Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was the most commonly captured species. Few other wild bees or honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were captured during this study. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of local and landscape-level habitat features on bee bycatch. Local flowering plant abundance improved overall model fit but did not directly impact bee bycatch. The proportion of natural and seminatural habitat, and especially forested area, in the area surrounding monitoring traps affected bee bycatch. Both local and landscape-scale factors were important in this study and often have combined effects on bee communities. This study provides recommendations to reduce the bycatch of beneficial bee pollinators in a large-scale pheromone-baited monitoring network.

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Cecala, Jacob M., and Erin E. Wilson Rankin. "Pollinators and plant nurseries: how irrigation and pesticide treatment of native ornamental plants impact solitary bees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1955 (July 28, 2021): 20211287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1287.

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A key conservation goal in agroecosystems is to understand how management practices may affect beneficial species, such as pollinators. Currently, broad gaps exist in our knowledge as to how horticultural management practices, such as irrigation level, might influence bee reproduction, particularly for solitary bees. Despite the extensive use of ornamental plants by bees, especially little is known about how irrigation level may interact with insecticides, like water-soluble neonicotinoids, to influence floral rewards and bee reproduction. We designed a two-factor field cage experiment in which we reared Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on containerized ornamental plants grown under two different irrigation levels and imidacloprid treatments (30% label rate dosage of a nursery formulation or an untreated control). Lower irrigation was associated with modest decreases in nectar volume and floral abundance in untreated plants, whereas irrigation did not affect plants treated with imidacloprid. Furthermore, higher irrigation decreased the amount of imidacloprid entering nectar. Imidacloprid application strongly reduced bee foraging activity and reproduction, and higher irrigation did not offset any negative effects on bees. Our study emphasizes the impact of a nursery neonicotinoid formulation on solitary bee foraging and reproduction, while highlighting interactions between irrigation level and neonicotinoid application in containerized plants themselves.

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Walcher, Ronnie, Raja Imran Hussain, Johannes Karrer, Andreas Bohner, David Brandl, Johann G. Zaller, Arne Arnberger, and Thomas Frank. "Effects of management cessation on hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) across Austrian and Swiss mountain meadows." Web Ecology 20, no. 2 (October 20, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-20-143-2020.

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Abstract. Extensively managed grasslands, particularly in mountain regions, are considered to be one of the most diverse agroecosystems worldwide. Their decline due to land use abandonment affects the diversity of both plants and associated pollinators. Extensive grasslands constitute an important habitat type and food resource for hoverflies (syrphids); however, not much is known about the effects of abandonment on this important pollinator group. In the present study, we investigated how abandonment affects species richness and the composition of syrphids in mountainous meadows. We recorded the richness of vascular plants, vegetation cover, flower cover and the surrounding landscape to examine whether and how syrphids are affected by plant and landscape parameters. We investigated the species richness, abundance and species composition of syrphids by sweep netting and by using observation plots in 18 semidry meadows across two Austrian regions and one Swiss region. For each region, we selected three meadows abandoned for more than 20 years and three annually mown non-fertilized meadows. Abandonment or mowing had no significant effect on the total number of syrphid species or individuals or on the number of aphidophagous and non-aphidophagous species and individuals. However, the total number of species and the number of non-aphidophagous species significantly increased with the increasing number of plant species. The surrounding landscape and other plant parameters showed no association with the assessed syrphid parameters. Although syrphids were unaffected by abandonment, higher syrphid species numbers in response to a higher plant richness in annual mown meadows suggest that the management of mountain meadows is beneficial in preserving syrphid richness.

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Radzikowski, Paweł, Mariusz Matyka, and Adam Kleofas Berbeć. "Biodiversity of Weeds and Arthropods in Five Different Perennial Industrial Crops in Eastern Poland." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120636.

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A growing interest in the cultivation of non-food crops on marginal lands has been observed in recent years in Poland. Marginal lands are a refuge of agroecosystems biodiversity. The impact of the cultivation of perennial industrial plants on the biodiversity of weeds and arthropods have been assessed in this study. The biodiversity monitoring study, carried out for three years, included five perennial crops: miscanthus Miscanthus × giganteus, cup plant Silphium perfoliatum, black locust Robinia pseudoacacia, poplar Populus × maximowiczii, and willow Salix viminalis. As a control area, uncultivated fallow land was chosen. The experiment was set up in eastern Poland. A decrease in plant diversity was found for miscanthus and black locust. The diversity of arthropods was the lowest for the cup plant. No decrease in the number of melliferous plants and pollinators was observed, except for the miscanthus. The biodiversity of plants and arthropods was affected by the intensity of mechanical treatments, the fertilization dose, and the use of herbicides. The biodiversity also decreased with the age of plantation.

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Bobadoye, Bridget O., Paul N. Ndegwa, Lucy Irungu, and Ayuka T. Fombong. "Vulnerable Habitats Alter African Meliponine Bee’s (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Assemblages in an Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot." International Journal of Insect Science 9 (January 1, 2017): 117954331770978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179543317709788.

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Habitat degradation has over time formed synergy with other factors to contribute to dwindling populations of both fauna and flora by altering their habitats. The disturbance of natural habitats affects the diversity of both vertebrates and invertebrates by altering both feeding and nesting sites for which organisms are known to depend on for survival. Little is known of the extent to which vulnerable habitats could shape the diversity of most indigent pollinators such as African meliponine bee species in tropical ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine how disturbance could shape the natural occurrence of African meliponine bee species in different ecological habitats of Taita Hills, leading to changes in their diversity. A total of four species depicted by the Renyi diversity profile was recorded in five of the six main habitat types surveyed, and a further extrapolation with Shannon index ( EH) also predicted the highest species richness of 4.24 in a deciduous habitat type. These meliponine bee species ( Hypotrigona gribodoi, Hypotrigona ruspolii, Meliponula ferruginea (black), and Plebeina hildebrandti) were observed to be unevenly distributed across all habitats, further indicating that mixed deciduous habitat was more diverse than acacia-dominated bush lands, grasslands, and exotic forest patches. Geometric morphometrics categorized all four meliponine bee species into two major clusters—cluster 1 ( H gribodoi, H ruspolii, M ferruginea (black)) and cluster 2 ( P hildebrandti)—and further discriminated populations against the 4 potential habitats they are likely to persist or survive in. Each habitat appeared to consist of a cluster of subpopulations and may possibly reveal ecotypes within the four meliponine populations. This has revealed that unprecedented conversions of natural habitats to agroecosystems are a key driving factor causing increased habitat isolation and vulnerability in this Afromontane region which may potentially distort local assemblages of native pollinators, such as meliponine bee species.

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Calvo-Agudo, Miguel, Joel González-Cabrera, Yolanda Picó, Pau Calatayud-Vernich, Alberto Urbaneja, Marcel Dicke, and Alejandro Tena. "Neonicotinoids in excretion product of phloem-feeding insects kill beneficial insects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (August 5, 2019): 16817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904298116.

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Pest control in agriculture is mainly based on the application of insecticides, which may impact nontarget beneficial organisms leading to undesirable ecological effects. Neonicotinoids are among the most widely used insecticides. However, they have important negative side effects, especially for pollinators and other beneficial insects feeding on nectar. Here, we identify a more accessible exposure route: Neonicotinoids reach and kill beneficial insects that feed on the most abundant carbohydrate source for insects in agroecosystems, honeydew. Honeydew is the excretion product of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and psyllids. We allowed parasitic wasps and pollinating hoverflies to feed on honeydew from hemipterans feeding on trees treated with thiamethoxam or imidacloprid, the most commonly used neonicotinoids. LC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that both neonicotinoids were present in honeydew. Honeydew with thiamethoxam was highly toxic to both species of beneficial insects, and honeydew with imidacloprid was moderately toxic to hoverflies. Collectively, our data provide strong evidence for honeydew as a route of insecticide exposure that may cause acute or chronic deleterious effects on nontarget organisms. This route should be considered in future environmental risk assessments of neonicotinoid applications.

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Rogers, Shelley R., David R. Tarpy, and Hannah J. Burrack. "Multiple Criteria for Evaluating Pollinator Performance in Highbush Blueberry (Ericales: Ericaceae) Agroecosystems." Environmental Entomology 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en12303.

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Zou, Yi, Felix J. J. A. Bianchi, Frank Jauker, Haijun Xiao, Junhui Chen, James Cresswell, Shudong Luo, et al. "Landscape effects on pollinator communities and pollination services in small-holder agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 246 (August 2017): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.035.

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Park, Mia G., E. J. Blitzer, Jason Gibbs, John E. Losey, and Bryan N. Danforth. "Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1809 (June 22, 2015): 20150299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0299.

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Wild bee communities provide underappreciated but critical agricultural pollination services. Given predicted global shortages in pollination services, managing agroecosystems to support thriving wild bee communities is, therefore, central to ensuring sustainable food production. Benefits of natural (including semi-natural) habitat for wild bee abundance and diversity on farms are well documented. By contrast, few studies have examined toxicity of pesticides on wild bees, let alone effects of farm-level pesticide exposure on entire bee communities. Whether beneficial natural areas could mediate effects of harmful pesticides on wild bees is also unknown. Here, we assess the effect of conventional pesticide use on the wild bee community visiting apple ( Malus domestica ) within a gradient of percentage natural area in the landscape. Wild bee community abundance and species richness decreased linearly with increasing pesticide use in orchards one year after application; however, pesticide effects on wild bees were buffered by increasing proportion of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape. A significant contribution of fungicides to observed pesticide effects suggests deleterious properties of a class of pesticides that was, until recently, considered benign to bees. Our results demonstrate extended benefits of natural areas for wild pollinators and highlight the importance of considering the landscape context when weighing up the costs of pest management on crop pollination services.

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Sgolastra, Fabio, Xavier Arnan, Riccardo Cabbri, Gloria Isani, Piotr Medrzycki, Dariusz Teper, and Jordi Bosch. "Combined exposure to sublethal concentrations of an insecticide and a fungicide affect feeding, ovary development and longevity in a solitary bee." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (August 22, 2018): 20180887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0887.

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Pollinators in agroecosystems are often exposed to pesticide mixtures. Even at low concentrations, the effects of these mixtures on bee populations are difficult to predict due to potential synergistic interactions. In this paper, we orally exposed newly emerged females of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis to environmentally realistic levels of clothianidin (neonicotinoid insecticide) and propiconazole (fungicide), singly and in combination. The amount of feeding solution consumed was highest in bees exposed to the neonicotinoid, and lowest in bees exposed to the pesticide mixture. Ovary maturation and longevity of bees of the neonicotinoid and the fungicide treatments did not differ from those of control bees. By contrast, bees exposed to the pesticide mixture showed slow ovary maturation and decreased longevity. We found a synergistic interaction between the neonicotinoid and the fungicide on survival probability. We also found an interaction between treatment and emergence time (an indicator of physiological condition) on longevity. Longevity was negatively correlated to physiological condition only in the fungicide and the mixture treatments. Delayed ovary maturation and premature death imply a shortened nesting period (highly correlated to fecundity in Osmia ). Our findings provide a mechanism to explain the observed dynamics of solitary bee populations exposed to multiple chemical residues in agricultural environments.

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Fulton, Melissa, Linley K. Jesson, Kyle Bobiwash, and Daniel J. Schoen. "Mitigation of pollen limitation in the lowbush blueberry agroecosystem: effect of augmenting natural pollinators." Ecosphere 6, no. 11 (November 2015): art235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/es15-00148.1.

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Bobiwash, Kyle, Yonathan Uriel, and Elizabeth Elle. "Pollen Foraging Differences Among Three Managed Pollinators in the Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Agroecosystem." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox344.

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Monasterolo, Marcos, Santiago L. Poggio, Diego Medan, and Mariano Devoto. "Wider road verges sustain higher plant species richness and pollinator abundance in intensively managed agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 302 (October 2020): 107084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107084.

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Adhikari, Subodh, Arjun Adhikari, David Weaver, Anton Bekkerman, and Fabian Menalled. "Impacts of Agricultural Management Systems on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Highly Simplified Dryland Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113223.

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Covering about 40% of Earth’s land surface and sustaining at least 38% of global population, drylands are key crop and animal production regions with high economic and social values. However, land use changes associated with industrialized agricultural managements are threatening the sustainability of these systems. While previous studies assessing the impacts of agricultural management systems on biodiversity and their services focused on more diversified mesic landscapes, there is a dearth of such research in highly simplified dryland agroecosystems. In this paper, we 1) summarize previous research on the effects of farm management systems and agricultural expansion on biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystem services, 2) present four case studies assessing the impacts of management systems on biodiversity and ecosystem services across highly simplified dryland landscapes of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), USA, 3) discuss approaches to sustain biodiversity-based ecosystem services in drylands, and 4) present a conceptual framework for enhancing agricultural sustainability in the drylands through research, policy, economic valuation, and adaptive management. An analysis of the land use changes due to agricultural expansion within the Golden Triangle, a representative agricultural area in the NGP, indicated that the proportion of land conversion to agriculture area was 84%, 8%, and 7% from grassland, riparian, and shrubland habitats, respectively. Our results showed this simplification was associated with a potential reduction of pollination services. Also, our economic analysis projected that if 30% parasitism could be achieved through better management systems, the estimated potential economic returns to pest regulation services through parasitoids in Montana, USA alone could reach about $11.23 million. Overall, while dryland agroecosystems showed a significant loss of native biodiversity and its services, greater pest incidence, and a decrease in plant pollinator networks, these trends were moderately reversed in organically managed farming systems. In conclusion, although land use changes due to agricultural expansion and industrialized farming threaten the sustainability of dryland agroecosystems, this impact can be partially offset by coupling ecologically-based farming practices with adaptive management strategies.

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Rosas‐Ramos, Natalia, Laura Baños‐Picón, José Tormos, and Josep D. Asís. "The complementarity between ecological infrastructure types benefits natural enemies and pollinators in a Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem." Annals of Applied Biology 175, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12529.

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Liao, Ling-Hsiu, Daniel J. Pearlstein, Wen-Yen Wu, Allison G. Kelley, William M. Montag, Edward M. Hsieh, and May R. Berenbaum. "Increase in longevity and amelioration of pesticide toxicity by natural levels of dietary phytochemicals in the honey bee, Apis mellifera." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0243364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243364.

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For the past decade, migratory beekeepers who provide honey bees for pollination services have experienced substantial colony losses on a recurring basis that have been attributed in part to exposure to insecticides, fungicides, or their combinations applied to crops. The phytochemicals p-coumaric acid and quercetin, which occur naturally in a wide variety of bee foods, including beebread and many types of honey, can enhance adult bee longevity and reduce the toxicity of certain pesticides. How variation in concentrations of natural dietary constituents affects interactions with xenobiotics, including synthetic pesticides, encountered in agroecosystems remains an open question. We tested the effects of these two phytochemicals at a range of natural concentrations on impacts of consuming propiconazole and chlorantraniliprole, a triazole fungicide and an insecticide frequently applied as a tank mix to almond trees during bloom in California’s Central Valley. Propiconazole, even at low field concentrations, significantly reduced survival and longevity when consumed by adult bees in a sugar-based diet. The effects of propiconazole in combination with chlorantraniliprole enhanced mortality risk. The detrimental effects of the two pesticides were for the most part reduced when either or both of the phytochemicals were present in the diet. These findings suggest that honey bees may depend on non-nutritive but physiologically active phytochemical components of their natural foods for ameliorating xenobiotic stress, although only over a certain range of concentrations; particularly at the high end of the natural range, certain combinations can incur additive toxicity. Thus, efforts to develop nectar or pollen substitutes with phytochemicals to boost insecticide tolerance or immunity or to evaluate toxicity of pesticides to pollinators should take concentration-dependent effects of phytochemicals into consideration.

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Appenfeller, Logan R., Sarah Lloyd, and Zsofia Szendrei. "Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): e0230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230007.

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Cusser, Sarah, John L. Neff, and Shalene Jha. "Natural land cover drives pollinator abundance and richness, leading to reductions in pollen limitation in cotton agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 226 (June 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.020.

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Saunders, Manu E., and Romina Rader. "Network modularity influences plant reproduction in a mosaic tropical agroecosystem." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1899 (March 27, 2019): 20190296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0296.

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Biodiversity influences ecosystem function, but there is limited understanding of the mechanisms that support this relationship across different land use types in mosaic agroecosystems. Network approaches can help to understand how community structure influences ecosystem function across landscapes; however, in ecology, network analyses have largely focused on species–species interactions. Here, we use bipartite network analysis in a novel way: to link pollinator communities to sites in a tropical agricultural landscape. We used sentinel plants of Brassica rapa to examine how the structure of the community network influences plant reproduction. Diptera was the most common order of flower visitors at every site. Syrphidae visits were the strongest contributor to the number of fertilized pods, while visits by Syrphidae, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera had the strongest effect on the number of seeds per pod. Sentinel pots at forest sites were visited by more unique species (i.e. species with higher d′ ) than sites in other land uses, and dairy sites had more visitors that were common across the network. Participation coefficients, which indicate how connected a single node is across network modules, were strong predictors of ecosystem function: plant reproduction increased at sites with higher participation coefficients. Flower visitor taxa with higher participation coefficients also had the strongest effect on plant reproduction. Hymenoptera visits were the best predictor for participation coefficients but an Allograpta sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) was the most influential flower visitor species in the landscape network. A diverse insect community contributed to plant reproduction and connection among nodes in this system. Identifying the ‘keystone’ flower visitor species and sites that have a strong influence on network structure is a significant step forward to inform conservation priorities and decision-making in diverse agroecosystems.

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Tamburini, Giovanni, Francesco Lami, and Lorenzo Marini. "Pollination benefits are maximized at intermediate nutrient levels." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1860 (August 9, 2017): 20170729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0729.

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Yield production in flowering crops depends on both nutrient availability and pollination, but their relative roles and potential interactions are poorly understood. We measured pollination benefits to yield in sunflower, combining a gradient in insect pollination (0, 25, 50, 100%) with a continuous gradient in nitrogen (N) fertilization (from 0 to 150 kg N ha −1 ) in an experiment under realistic soil field conditions. We found that pollination benefits to yield were maximized at intermediate levels of N availability, bolstering yield by approximately 25% compared with complete pollinator exclusion. Interestingly, we found little decrease in yield when insect visits were reduced by 50%, indicating that the incremental contribution of pollination by insects to yield is greater when the baseline pollination service provision is very low. Our findings provide strong evidence for interactive, nonlinear effects of pollination and resource availability on seed production. Our results support ecological intensification as a promising strategy for sustainable management of agroecosystems. In particular, we found optimal level of pollination to potentially compensate for lower N applications.

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Afifah, Lutfi, Purnama Hidayat, Damayanti Buchori, Marwoto ., and B. T. Rahardjo. "PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PENGELOLAAN AGROEKOSISTEM TANAMAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS SERANGGA PADA PERTANAMAN KEDELAI DI NGALE, KABUPATEN NGAWI, JAWA TIMUR." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 15, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11553-64.

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Effect of different agroecosystem management on community structure of insects in soybean crop in Ngale, Ngawi District, East Java. Insect community structures in agroecosystem may always change. Agroecosystem management techniques affect insect community structure. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and composition of insects on soybean plants under different pest management systems and varieties. The experiment design was split plot with varieties (Anjasmoro and Wilis) as the main plots and pest management systems (Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Non-Chemical Management (P-NK), Chemical Management (P-K), and Control) as the sub plots. There were ten insect sampling sessions for each plot. Samplings were done in June until September 2013 using pitfall traps, sticky traps, sweep net, and yellow pan traps. Statistically the results of experiment showed that varieties and pest management had no significant differences to the insects diversity. Herbivore and beneficial insect in soybean crop had differences composition between varieties Anjasmoro and Wilis. In both soybean Anjasmoro and Wilis varieties, herbivore populations tend to be higher in the control plots compared to the IPM plots. Abundance of decomposers, parasitoids, and predators tend to be higher in the control and P-NK plots which were without the use of synthetic insecticides compared to the IPM and P-K plots which were given the treatment of synthetic pesticides. This indicates that the use of pesticides causes decrease in the beneficial insect populations such as pollinator, parasitoids, and predators.

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Kolesik, Peter. "Tropical Agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 100, no. 1 (November 2003): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00203-2.

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Gliessman, Steve. "Redesigning Agroecosystems." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2012.662583.

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van der Werf, Hayo M. G. "Agroecosystems analysis." Agricultural Systems 83, no. 3 (March 2005): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.08.006.

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Dainese, Matteo, Emily A. Martin, Marcelo A. Aizen, Matthias Albrecht, Ignasi Bartomeus, Riccardo Bommarco, Luisa G. Carvalheiro, et al. "A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaax0121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0121.

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Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield–related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pollinators in the agroecosystems'

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