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Journal articles on the topic 'Pollinia'

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1

Yaseen, Shumaila, and Anjum Perveen. "Pollinia morphology to some members of asclepiadaceae of Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, no. 3 (2015): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21590.

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Diversities in the pollinia morphology of the family Asclepiadaceae in respect to pollinium shape, size, color, length and breadth of pollinial sac, length and breadth of corpusculum and length and breadth of caudicle were studied in 13 species belonging to eight genera (Cynanchum L., Calotropis R.Br., Glossonema Decaisne., Leptadenia R.Br., Pergularia L., Sarcostemma R.Br., Tylophora R.Br and Vincetoxicum N. M. von Wolf.) Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f. yielded largest pollinia sac. (906.4 4.4.7 ?m) whilst the smaller one (109.8 × 48.0 ?m) was represented by Cynanchum pollens Hemsley and La
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GÜVEN, SEHER, SERDAR MAKBUL, KAMİL COSKUNCELEBI, and NUR MÜNEVVER PINAR. "Pollinarium morphology of Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in Turkey." Phytotaxa 230, no. 1 (2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.1.2.

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In this study, the pollen morphology of 20 representatives of ten taxa of Vincetoxicum from Turkey was observed under a scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Observations showed that each flower contained five pollinaria, including a pair of pollinia and caudicles attached to a central corpusculum. In the investigated taxa, the shape of the pollinium varied from ovate, elliptical, and obovate, to clavate, pollen cell surfaces exhibited gemmate or rugulate ornamentation, and the shape of the corpuscula was ovate or oblong. Numerical analysis showed that the shape of pollinia and co
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3

Fan, Jie, Xu C. Qi, Chong C. Li, Chen H. Du, and Xiao H. Jin. "Understanding the Systematic Implications of Pollinium Morphology in the Aeridinae Subtribe (Orchidaceae)." Systematic Botany 49, no. 3 (2024): 626–36. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364424x17267811220498.

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Abstract— Molecular phylogenetic studies have been the basis for major clades proposed for the Aeridinae subtribe of the Orchidaceae family. However, systematic morphological characterization has yet to be conducted. We carried out this study on Aeridinae pollinium morphologies with an emphasis on aperture type and pollinium sculpturing to determine the systematic significance of these characteristics in the context of molecular phylogenetics. The results indicated that most Aeridinae species have cleft type pollinium apertures and that few have porate type or no aperture. The shapes of most o
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Petit, Sophie, Manfred Jusaitis, and Doug Bickerton. "Effect of pollen load, self-pollination and plant size on seeds and germination in the endangered pink-lipped spider orchid, Caladenia behrii." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08117.

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Caladenia behrii Schltdl. (Orchidaceae) (syn. Arachnorchis behrii) is a sexually deceptive, endangered orchid that produces aggregated pollen as pollinia. It is pollinated by a thynnine wasp, and may also be pollinated incidentally by other insects. Pollinator effectiveness may depend on the number of pollinia that pollinators carry and deposit, and on whether they mediate cross-pollination or self-pollination. To understand the role of pollinators and guide conservation programs, we determined the effect of pollen load (one pollinium v. two pollinia) and self-pollination on seed number, seed
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5

Beardsell, DV, MA Clements, JF Hutchinson, and EG Williams. "Pollination of Diuris maculata R Br (Orchidaceae) by Floral Mimicry of the Native Legumes Daviesia spp and Pultenaea scabra R Br." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 2 (1986): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860165.

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Several species of insects captured while feeding on flowers of the legumes Daviesia virgata and D. mimosoides carried pollinia of the orchid Diuris maculata on their heads. In contrast, insects were difficult to capture on Diuris maculata due to the very low frequency and short duration of visits. More pollinaria were removed from the flowers than pollinia deposited. Pollen loads carried by insects bearing orchid pollinia were almost exclusively from Daviesia spp. and Pultenaea scabra. These data, together with the morphological similarity of the flowers of D. maculata to those of Daviesia sp
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6

Purgina, Carola, Silvia Ulrich, Martina Weber, and Friðgeir Grímsson. "Morphological and Ultrastructural Features of Selected Epidendroideae Pollen Dispersal Units and New Insights into Their Chemical Nature." Plants 13, no. 8 (2024): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13081114.

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Orchidaceae display enormous diversity in their flower morphology, which is particularly evident in their pollen dispersal units (pollinia, pollinaria). The packaging of pollen by elastoviscin leads to a great diversity of these morphologically and structurally complex pollen units. Despite being one of the most diverse angiosperm families, the available palynological data on orchids remain limited and sometimes contradicting. This study provides new insights into the pollen morphology and ultrastructure of five orchid species from the subfamily Epidendroideae, using combined light, scanning e
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7

Ahmed, Noha. "Bionomics of Pollinia pollini (Costa) (Hemiptera: Asterolecanidae) in Egypt." Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology 65, no. 1 (2012): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobaz.2012.03.001.

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8

Luangsuwalai, Kanjana, Saichol Ketsa, Apinya Wisutiamonkul, and Wouter G. van Doorn. "Lack of visible post-pollination effects in pollen grains of two Dendrobium cultivars: relationship with pollinia ACC, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 2 (2008): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07245.

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Dendrobium flowers, pollinated with pollinia from individuals of the same cultivar or other cultivars, usually show rapid post-pollination effects such as floral epinasty, a change in flower colour and early perianth senescence. However, pollination with the pollinia of cv. Karen or cv. Kenny flowers did not produce these effects. We compared these two cultivars with cvv. Pompadour, Willie and Sakura, and tested the hypotheses that the differences were related to levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the pollinia, ethylene production by the pollinated flower, pollen germinat
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Slater, AT. "Interaction of the Stigma With the Pollinium in Dendrobium speciosum." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 3 (1991): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910273.

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Pollination of D. speciosum is effected by the deposit of the pollinia from one flower into the stigmatic cup of a flower on another plant. The pollinia are submerged into the viscous liquid of the stigmatic cup. This liquid contains the detached stigmatic cells and mucilage. Post-pollination phenomena within this species include a more intense perianth colour and the closure of the perianth. This is followed by the swelling of the column and ovary and, after 4 days, cell division in the ovary. Following pollination the pollinia break apart as the tetrads dissociate from each other. The pollen
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10

Vendrame, Wagner A., Virginia S. Carvalho, José M. M. Dias, and Ian Maguire. "Pollination of Dendrobium Hybrids Using Cryopreserved Pollen." HortScience 43, no. 1 (2008): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.264.

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Pollination effectiveness was evaluated for pollen (pollinia) from two Dendrobium hybrids, ‘Sena Red’ and ‘Mini WRL’, submitted to cryopreservation using a vitrification protocol. Parameters evaluated included pollinia exposure to a previtrification solution (PVS2) under ice (0 °C) or room (27 ± 2 °C) temperatures from 1 to 4 hours before cryopreservation (LN). On removal from cryopreservation, pollinia were used to pollinate flowers of the same hybrids to verify viability and germination. All pollinia showed high percentages of germination (greater than 80%) after crosses were performed, exce
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11

Dolce, Natalia R., Ricardo D. Medina, Luis A. Mroginski, and Hebe Y. Rey. "Storage of Cohniella cepula (Orchidaceae) Pollinia: Fertilizing Ability and Subsequent Fruit and Seed Formation." HortScience 51, no. 10 (2016): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10903-16.

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Pollen storage is of great importance for plant breeding and production besides an efficient means for preservation of haploid gene pool of plant genetic resources and rare or endangered species. Pollinia of Cohniella cepula were stored over 1 year at 4, −20, −70, and −196 °C. Fertilizing ability of fresh and stored (30 to 360 days) pollinia was determined by the fruit and seed formation for each treatment, as well as by the seed viability, in vitro seed germination, and seedling growth. Pollinia stored at −70 and −196 °C showed high fertilizing ability (94.4% to 100.0%) even 1 year after coll
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12

Peter, Craig I., and Steven D. Johnson. "Doing the twist: a test of Darwin's cross-pollination hypothesis for pollinarium reconfiguration." Biology Letters 2, no. 1 (2005): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0385.

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Mating success in plants depends largely on the efficiency of pollen dispersal. For hermaphrodite plants, self-pollination, either within or among flowers, can reduce mating opportunities because of pollen and ovule discounting and inbreeding depression. Self-pollination may be particularly detrimental in plants such as orchids and asclepiads that package each flower's pollen into one or more pollinia which, together with accessory structures, comprise a pollinarium. Darwin proposed that physical reconfiguration of pollinaria serves as a mechanism for reducing the likelihood of self-pollinatio
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13

van der Voort, Genevieve E., Scott R. Gilmore, Jamieson C. Gorrell, and Jasmine K. Janes. "Continuous video capture, and pollinia tracking, in Platanthera (Orchidaceae) reveal new insect visitors and potential pollinators." PeerJ 10 (May 9, 2022): e13191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13191.

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Orchids often have specific pollinators, which should provide reproductive isolation, yet many produce natural hybrids. Platanthera dilatata and P. stricta differ in floral morphology but often co-occur, overlap in flowering, and are reputed parents of P. xestesii. We used motion-triggered video detection units to monitor floral visitors of P. dilatata and P. stricta on Vancouver Island, Canada. Pollinia removal in P. dilatata was observed using histochemical staining, and cross-pollinations were performed to determine compatibility. From 1,152 h, 753 videos were recorded; 655 contained insect
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14

Thalwitzer, Liezl, Dave Kelly, Rob D. Smissen, Ruth Butler, David M. Suckling, and Ashraf El-Sayed. "Species-specific male pollinators found for three native New Zealand greenhood orchids (Pterostylis spp.) suggest pollination by sexual deception." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 3 (2018): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17111.

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Many orchids achieve pollination by deceptive means. Sexually deceptive orchids are pollinated by male insects, which are lured to flowers that mimic the sex pheromones and/or appearance of their female conspecifics. This specialised pollination strategy was recently confirmed for the first time in a Pterostylis species in Australia. We investigated whether this pollination strategy may also be operating in Pterostylis species in New Zealand where generalised plant–insect pollination strategies are most commonly documented. The breeding systems of Pterostylis oliveri Petrie and Pterostylis irs
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15

Haouas, D., L. Mdellel, I. Mraihi, C. Hafsi, and V. Balmès. "Pollinia pollini (Costa, 1857) (Hemiptera, Asterolecaniidae) infesting olive trees: a first record in Tunisia." EPPO Bulletin 50, no. 1 (2020): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epp.12623.

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16

Freudenstein, John V., and Finn N. Rasmussen. "Sectile pollinia and relationships in theOrchidaceae." Plant Systematics and Evolution 205, no. 3-4 (1997): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01464400.

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17

García, Yedra, Benjamin Dow, Lucie Vézina, and Amy Parachnowitsch. "Natural selection by pollinators on floral attractive and defensive traits did not translate into selection via fruits in common milkweed." Journal of Pollination Ecology 35 (March 30, 2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2024)758.

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Considering both pollinator and herbivore pressures on plant reproductive and defensive traits is key to understanding patterns of selection for plants. However, phenotypic selection studies connecting floral traits and plant defenses with pollinator activity and herbivore damage remain rare. We used the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca (Apocynaceae), to study phenotypic selection on attractive and defensive traits, and nectar rewards. We measured herbivore (leaf damage) and pollinator activity (pollinia movement) and quantified selection via female (pollinia insertions and fruit number) and
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18

Indrianto, Ari, Chairani Siregar, Sutikno Linuhung, Mekartinita _, and Tri Sartikoningsih. "INDUCTION OF SPOROPHYTIC DIVISION IN ORCHIDS MICROSPORES BY STRESS." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.181.

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<p>Orchid is one of the important ornamental plants in Indonesia this plant generally propagated by seed. Enhancing quality of this plant through breeding technology by various plant tissue culture methods and biotechnology, including doubled haploid technology are necessary. The most efficient method in creating doubled haploids plant is via microspore embryogenesis. We have develop new, innovative doubled haploid technology using the technique of isolated microspore culture. The goals are to obtain data on the male gametophyte development, viable embryogenic microspores, microspores de
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19

Miranda-Molina, Yazmín M., Edgar J. González, Judith Márquez-Guzmán, Jorge Meave, and Eduardo A. Pérez García. "Pollination success in three tropical dry forest orchid species from Mexico: insights from floral display, visitation rates, and flower micromorphology." Botanical Sciences 99, no. 4 (2021): 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2785.

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Background: Despite long-lasting efforts to disentangle the drivers of orchid pollination, pollination success in tropical dry forest orchids remains largely unknown.
 Questions and hypothesis: How successful are pollination in three tropical dry forest orchids? How is pollination influenced by floral display and floral rewards (as suggested by floral micromorphology)? We hypothesized a positive effect of floral display on pollinia removal and deposition rates.
 Studied species: Barkeria whartoniana (C. Schweinf.) Soto Arenas, Clowesia dodsoniana E. Aguirre, and Cyrtopodium macrobulb
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20

Lewis, Mary, Matthew Chappell, Paul A. Thomas, Rebekah C. Maynard, and Ockert Greyvenstein. "Development and Verification of an Interspecific Hybridization Protocol for Asclepias." HortScience 56, no. 7 (2021): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15770-21.

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Milkweed (Asclepias sp.) is an important pollinator genus across North America and is a host plant for many butterfly species, notably the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Commercial production of Asclepias is limited to a few species, because most species lack commercial traits, with minimal branching habit, excessive height, and minimal color variation. This study used a commercially viable Asclepias species, butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.), as a maternal parent and trialed three different pollination methods in an attempt to create interspecific hybrids. Pollination methods incl
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21

Zhou, X., H. Lin, X. L. Fan, and J. Y. Gao. "Autonomous self-pollination and insect visitation in a saprophytic orchid, Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11265.

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Reproductive biology of saprophytic plants has been poorly studied. Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. is a small saprophytic orchid that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia and Africa. The floral biology and insect visitation of E. roseum were studied in Xishuangbanna, south Yunnan Province, China. E. roseum possesses an obligate self-pollination system, in which the degenerative rostellum has lost its function as a physical barrier separating the stigma and stamens (pollinia), allowing contact between the stigmatic secretions and the pollinia during bud development
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Widodo, Widodo, Mohamad Amin, Mimien Henie Irawati Al-Muhdar, and Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. "Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of Cosmostigma racemosum (Asclepiadoideae) Flowers." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2014.31.35-46.

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<em>Cosmostigma racemosum</em> is a plant species belonging to the family Apocynaceae, the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. <em>Cosmostigma racemosum </em>is found in Nglanggeran Mountain Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The local name and its original distribution are not known. Information or study of <em>Cosmostigma racemosum</em> in Indonesia is not available. Comprehensive characterization of this species is important for authentication and addition of data base. Characterization was conducted by analyzing the morphology and anatomy of flower. The objectives of this
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23

Mochizuki, Ko, Saori Furukawa, and Atsushi Kawakita. "Pollinia transfer on moth legs in Hoya carnosa (Apocynaceae)." American Journal of Botany 104, no. 6 (2017): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700078.

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Chen, Yu Qing, Mei Zhen Lin, and Hui Qiao Tian. "Morphogenesis of the sporoderm of Pollinia of Anoectochilus roxburghii." Flora 280 (July 2021): 151831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151831.

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25

Pleasants, J. M., H. T. Horner, and G. Ng. "A Labelling Technique to Track Dispersal of Milkweed Pollinia." Functional Ecology 4, no. 6 (1990): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389449.

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26

Yeung, Edward C. "Mechanisms of Pollen Aggregation into Pollinia inEpidendrum Ibaguense(Orchidaceae)." Grana 26, no. 1 (1987): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173138709428903.

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27

Custodio, Ceci Castilho, Nelson B. Machado-Neto, Rodrigo B. Singer, Hugh W. Pritchard, Philip T. Seaton, and Timothy R. Marks. "Storage of orchid pollinia with varying lipid thermal fingerprints." Protoplasma 257, no. 5 (2020): 1401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01514-z.

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Widodo, Widodo, and Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi. "New Record Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) In Gunung Ijo Baturagung Yogyakarta." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2016.51.1-8.

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<p><em>Marsdenia tenacissima</em> population were found among wild bushes at S 07<sup> o</sup> 47’ 03.4”; E 110<sup>o</sup> 30’ 48.0” about 415 meter above sea level in Gunung Ijo Baturagung Yogyakarta. Identification was based on literature and herbarium specimen. The research was conduct using exploration methods, morphoanatomical observation, and specimen collection. <em>Marsdenia tenacissima</em> in Jawa was not reported in Flora of Java. <em>Marsdenia tenacissima </em>habitus was liana. The specific character for its identi
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Danaher, Mark W., Carlton Ward Jr., Lawrence W. Zettler, and Jr. Charles V. Covell. "Pollinia removal and suspected pollination of the endangered ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by various hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): another mystery dispelled." Florida Entomologist 102, no. 4 (2020): 671–83. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0401.

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Danaher, Mark W., Jr., Carlton Ward, Zettler, Lawrence W., Covell Jr., Charles V. (2020): Pollinia removal and suspected pollination of the endangered ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by various hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): another mystery dispelled. Florida Entomologist 102 (4): 671-683, DOI: 10.1653/024.102.0401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0401
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Bower, CC. "Demonstration of Pollinator-Mediated Reproductive Isolation in Sexually Deceptive Species of Chiloglottis (Orchidaceae: Caladeniinae)." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (1996): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960015.

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Three designs of field choice experiments were used to demonstrate complete reproductive isolation by sexually deceived thynnine pollinators (Neozeleboria Rohwer spp.) in eight species of Chiloglottis R.Br. Four species, Chiloglottis diphylla R.Br., C. formicifera Fitzg., C. pluricallata D.L.Jones and C. valida D.L.Jones, attracted only one wasp species, but the other four, C. platyptera D.L.Jones, C. seminuda D.L.Jones, C. trilabra Fitzg. and C. reflexa Labill. Druce exhibited multiple species attraction. Wasps visiting orchids were classified as major responders if they exhibited behaviour w
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Sanjit, Sinha, and Kumar Mondal Amal. "The morphological diversification of pollinia of some members of Asclepiadaceae." African Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 41 (2011): 7981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.1002.

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Koschnitzke, Cristiana. "Bradysia sp. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a pollinator that can die in flowers of Ditassa banksii Schult. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae)." Hoehnea 45, no. 1 (2018): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-61/2017.

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ABSTRACT This is the first record of Bradysia sp. as a pollinator of Ditassa banksii Schult.. This fly usually becomes trapped in the flower and die, but it carries out the pollination too. It is common to find fragments of insects bodies or dead individuals trapped in flowers of Asclepiadoideae. However, this is the first report of Bradysia sp. inserting pollinia.
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Rahayu, S., and M. Rodda. "Hoya buntokensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new myrmecophytic species and Hoya wallichii subsp. tenebrosa, a new subspecies from Borneo (Kalimantan, Indonesia)." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 66, no. 3 (2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.03.06.

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We describe a new Hoya species from Central Kalimantan, H. buntokensis, and a new subspecies of H. wallichii from West Kalimantan, Hoya wallichii subsp. tenebrosa. Hoya buntokensis is part of a group of four species that form specialised leaf structures harbouring ants (here defined as megadomatia), and it is most similar to H. undulata . Hoya buntokensis differs from H. undulata in lamina margin (flat vs undulate); shape of corona lobes outer processes (fan shaped vs elliptic), and in the pollinarium morphology (corpusculum larger than pollinia vs corpusculum smaller than pollinia). Both H. w
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SALAZAR, GERARDO A., JAVIER FORTANELLI-MARTÍNEZ, PEDRO CASTILLO-LARA, and LIDIA I. CABRERA. "A new species, four new combinations, a lectotypification, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to the species in Funkiella (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae, Spiranthinae)." Phytotaxa 702, no. 2 (2025): 117–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.702.2.1.

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A new species of the genus Funkiella from the region of the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Sierra de Álvarez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, is described and illustrated as F. garciaperezii Salazar, Fortanelli & Cast.-Lara. Our phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (nrITS) and plastid DNA sequences (matK-trnK, trnL-trnF) recovered it as the sister of a clade consisting of all the species of Funkiella analyzed excepting F. rubrocalosa, which occupies the earliest-diverging position of the genus. Morphologically, F. garciaperezii is similar to F. faucisanguinea (Dod) Salazar (comb. nov.), but diff
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Lanzino, Micaela, Anna Maria Palermo, and Giuseppe Pellegrino. "Pollinaria Reconfiguration Mechanism of Widespread Euro-Mediterranean Orchids: The Effects of Increasing Air Temperature." Plants 11, no. 10 (2022): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101327.

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Orchids are fascinating for many reasons: their reproductive strategies, their pollination systems and the various morphological adaptations they have evolved, including the presence of pollen grains agglomerated into two masses, called pollinia, which form a structure known as a pollinarium. After withdrawal from a flower, the pollinarium undergoes a bending movement such that the pollen masses become correctly orientated to strike the stigma. We evaluated the duration of pollinator visits to inflorescences and the effects of temperature on pollinaria reconfiguration in eight orchid species i
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SUETSUGU, KENJI. "Gastrodia longiflora (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Gastrodieae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan." Phytotaxa 502, no. 1 (2021): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.9.

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Gastrodia Brown (1810: 330; Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae) is a mycoheterotrophic orchid genus distributed in temperate and tropical regions of Asia, Oceania, Madagascar, and Africa (Cribb et al. 2010, Hsu & Kuo 2010, Suetsugu et al. 2018). It is characterized by fleshy tubers, absence of normal leaves, united sepals and petals and two mealy pollinia without caudicles (Cribb et al. 2010, Hsu & Kuo 2010, Hsu et al. 2012, Suetsugu et al. 2018).
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37

YANG, BOYUN, SHIHE XIAO, YAWEN JIANG, et al. "Danxiaorchis yangii sp. nov. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae), the second species of Danxiaorchis." Phytotaxa 306, no. 4 (2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.4.5.

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Danxiaorchis yangii (Calypsoinae, Epidendreae, Epidendroideae), a holomycotrophic new species from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, western Jiangxi, eastern of China, is here illustrated and described based on both morphological and phylogenetic evidences. The new species can be easily distinguished from D. singchiana by its much smaller flowers and larger Y-shaped callus adaxially bearing a additional obovoid appendage, and by its four pollinia narrowly elliptic in shape and equal in size.
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38

LIU, QIANG, and JIANG-YUN GAO. "Gastrochilus dulongjiangensis (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Yunnan Province, China." Phytotaxa 340, no. 3 (2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.11.

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Gastrochilus dulongjiangensis, a new species from Gaoligongshan National Natural Reserve, Yunnan, China, is described here. It is morphologically similar to G. pseudodistichus and G. fuscopunctatus, but can be distinguished from them by having the orbicular epichile, hypochile as wide as epichile and fusiform pollinia. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species should be regarded as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
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39

JIANG, LI-QIONG, YUAN-YUAN LI, XIN-XIN ZHU, YUE-HUA WANG, and HUA PENG. "Vincetoxicum xinpingense (Asclepiadeae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a new species from Yunnan Province, China." Phytotaxa 361, no. 1 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.4.

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Vincetoxicum xinpingense, a new species from the Ailao Mountains in Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to V. sublanceolatum, Tylophora forrestii, and T. chingtungensis, but can be distinguished by several characters: shape and size of leaves, size of corolla lobes, length and shape of corona, attachment position of corona to the anthers, and orientation of pollinia. In addition, conservation status and other relevant notes are provided.
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40

Chowdhery, Harsh, and D. Agrawala. "Cymbidiopsis H.J.Chowdhery – A new genus of Orchidaceae." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 1 (2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-169bga.

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A new genus Cymbidiopsis H.J.Chowdhery, with 2 species – C. macrorhiza (Lindl.) H.J.Chowdhery and C. lancifolia (Hook.) H.J.Chowdhery is described. Cymbidiopsis is allied to Cymbidium Swartz but differs in habit, vegetative characters as well as in flower structure. Besides unlike the genus Cymbidium, Cymbidiopsis has flowers with 4 pollinia in 2 unequal pairs and lip with 2 callus ridges converging to form a short tube at the base of the mid-lobe.
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Pleasants, J. M. "Evidence for Short-Distance Dispersal of Pollinia in Asclepias syriaca L." Functional Ecology 5, no. 1 (1991): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389557.

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42

Heyes, J. A., and J. W. Johnston. "1‐methylcyclopropene extendsCymbidiumorchid vaselife and prevents damaged pollinia from accelerating senescence." New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 26, no. 4 (1998): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1998.9514070.

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43

Suetsugu, Kenji, Shintaro Tetsu, Masayoshi K. Hiraiwa, and Tadaaki Tsutsumi. "Thrips Partially Contribute to Pollination of an Orchid with Granular Pollinia." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 100, no. 1 (2019): e01477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1477.

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44

CHOWLU, KRISHNA, and A. NAGESWARA RAO. "Stereochilus arunachalensis, a new orchid species of Orchidaceae (Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Phytotaxa 433, no. 2 (2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.2.10.

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Stereochilus Lindley (1858: 38) is a small orchid genus of about seven species distributed from northeastern India to Vietnam (Govaerts et al. 2019). It is characterised by a long, erect footless column with firmly attached saccate lip, long subulate rostellum projection and long slender somewhat clavate stipes with a small viscidium carrying four equal, ovate pollinia with short caudicles, the sac inside with back wall callus, front wall callus and septum (Seidenfaden 1988).
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LI, MING-HE, GUO-QIANG ZHANG, ZHONG-JIAN LIU, and SI-REN LAN. "Revision of Hygrochilus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Aeridinae) and a molecular phylogenetic analysis." Phytotaxa 159, no. 4 (2014): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.159.4.2.

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Hygrochilus and Sedirea are genera of orchids with only three species endemic to Asia. An analysis of ITS and five plastid regions using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods obtain clear evidence that Sedirea is nested within and should be considered synonymous with Hygrochilus. We adopt a broadly defined Hygrochilus characterized by possession of four pollinia. A new combination, namely, Hygrochilus japonica, and a new species, namely, Hygrochilus tsii (Orchidaceae: Epidedroideae: Aeridinae), are proposed.
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Kant, Ravi, Mohammad Musharof Hossain, and Lucky K. Attri. "Pollinium development in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames.and Cymbidium pendulum SW: a comparative study." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 42, no. 2 (2014): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18035.

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Comparative studies on the early anther development, anther wall differentiation, pollinium development and pollen grains surface features in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames. (a terrestrial orchid) and Cymbidium pendulum Sw. (an epiphytic orchid) using light and scanning electron microscopy were described. Anther primordium initiated as a homogenous mass of meristematic cells which developed two thecae, each with a group of archesporial cells of dense cytoplasmic contents. The sporogenous cells of the hypodermal layer formed the anther wall which was 4-5 layered in S. sinensis and 7-layered i
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Sinha, Sanjit, and Amal Kumar Mondal*. "A phylogenetic study of floral morphology of some members of Asclepiadaceae R.Br." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 2 (2017): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.02.004.

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Floral morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationship were studied in the family Asclepiadaceae. This family characterized by unique features that contributes to extreme floral complexity and diversity. In this paper, we used preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Asclepiadaceae to explore the mode of diversification in pollinarium and coronal structure. The occurance, size, shape, position, orientation of pollinia, mode of pollination and the presence of form of coralline corona and gynostegial corona were studied for similarity indices between two subfamilies Periplocoidea
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Hu, Ai-qun, TIAN-CHUAN HSU, and YAN LIU. "Gastrodia damingshanensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): a new myco-heterotrophic orchid from China." Phytotaxa 175, no. 5 (2014): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.3.

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A new fully myco-heterotrophic orchid, Gastrodia damingshanensis, is described and illustrated from Damingshan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China. The new species is significantly distinct from the otherwise similar G. uraiensis and G. fontinalis by its much longer peduncle, the shortened column hidden by the lip, and the reddish brown, rhombic-elliptic lip with a slightly retuse apex. This new species is predicted to be obligatory self-pollinated due to the specialized column structure which allows the pollinia directly touching the stigma.
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Zavada, Michael S. "A Contribution to the Study of Pollen Wall Ultrastructure of Orchid Pollinia." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77, no. 4 (1990): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399671.

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Xiong, Ying‐Ze, Li‐Bing Jia, Chang‐Qiu Liu, and Shuang‐Quan Huang. "Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58, no. 2 (2019): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12485.

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