Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polluant inorganique'
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Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0012/document.
Full textThe dredging of French ports generates each year between 25 to 40 million tons of uncontaminated materials which are piled onto sea. Moreover, an important stock of contaminated sediments (about 10 million tons), which has to been dredged, exists. Indeed, the decree of June 14th, 2000 prohibits disposal to sea when levels of contamination exceed regulations. This important stock of sediment, which must be imperatively dredged within 10 years, is almost orphan of adapted treatment and valorization. In this context many research program appear to propose and to develop solutions. The SEDiGEST program (Management of the dredging sediments of ports) intends a scenario of filling terrestrial cavities with treated sediments. This Ph.D. thesis, carried out within the framework of this program, contributes to the improvement in understanding the geo-physico-chemical behavior of marine sediment stabilized with hydraulic binders (cement + lime). In this objective, the experimental approach was conducted in three steps. Firstly, a characterization of the solid was realized. An evaluation of the potential mobility of inorganic pollutants have was then determined. Finally, a modeling of the behavior towards leaching was operated. Data shown that target's inorganic pollutants of the matrix of study (copper, lead and zinc) were mainly associated with carbonates, sulfides/sulfates, (oxy)hydroxides, and/or with organic matter. Comparative study of the matrix at three levels “of evolution” (before and after treatment and artificially aged) highlights the reversibility of the stabilization by hydraulic binders. Indeed, treated sediment presents a pollution risk to less or more long term, leaching of copper and lead, during carbonation
Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749917.
Full textCouvidat, Julien. "Gestion d'un sédiment de dragage marin contaminé : Caractérisation de la réactivité biogéochimique, valorisation en mortier et évaluation environnementale." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0091/document.
Full textMillions of tons of sediments are dredged every year leading to a need for a sustainable management. Both studied sediments, stored in anoxic conditions under a layer of water (raw sediment), and in oxic conditions submitted to natural weathering (weathered sediment), showed high contamination of copper, lead and zinc, concentrated mainly in the finer fraction. Reactive phases such as sulfides and organic matter were observed, with which copper and zinc are partially linked. An innovative experimental set-up coupling an oxygen-consumption test with a column leaching test has been developed; this set-up highlighted the sulfides reactivity which is still occurring in the weathered sediment, despite years of natural aging. The biological component of this reactivity has been also studied, through a qualitative assessment of the impact of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria on pH and Eh of sediments. Although high amount of carbonates responsible for important neutralization potential were detected, bacterial community of neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has been able to lower the pH until 4.5 – 5 units. This reactivity is controlled by submitting both sediments to a stabilization/solidification treatment with hydraulic binders. Environmental assessment with kinetic test in weathering cells and monolithic leaching test demonstrated that trace metals appear well stabilized for both sediments. Thus, their valorization in cemented mortars has been assessed. When total sediments were fully substituted to sand, they showed poor mechanical strength. However, when a sieving treatment for removing of the fine contaminated fraction was applied, the sediments mortars revealed good mechanical strength for use in non-structural applications. This research confirmed thus that the reuse of the coarser fraction of a marine sediment, raw or weathered, offered an efficient and interesting way of treatment and valorization
Picot, Pierre. "Nanotube inorganique d'imogolite à cavité interne hydrophobe : synthèse, fonctionnalisation et encapsulation de molécules organiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS051/document.
Full textIn this work, we studied methyl-imogolite, an inorganic nanotube dispersed in water with a hydrophobic cavity.First, we examined the formation mechanisms. On a short time scale, the initial precipitates reorganize to give nano-objects with the same local structure as imogolite. Their size depends on the synthesis conditions (concentration, precursor) and could lead to the formation of cylindrical (imogolite) or spherical (allophane) objects.On a long time scale, we observed that methyl-imogolite coexists with byproducts (aluminum hydroxide, proto-imogolite and allophane). It is possible to reduce their proportion by wisely selecting the synthesis parameter (molar ratio between precursors, synthesis temperature). However, they cannot be fully eliminated. Then, we studied the functionalisation of this nanotube by substituting part of the internal methyl groups by doping ones. Encapsulation of Nile Red, a solvatochromic dye, in the internal cavity of these hybrid nanotubes highlighted the functionalisation of the imogolite with the various groups used.Finally, we investigated the encapsulation of organic molecules (polar, apolar, soluble or insoluble in water) in the nanotubes cavity. SAXS curves evidenced the trapping of all the molecules tested by methyl-imogolite. Moreover, calculated adsorption capacities are similar to the ones obtained when activated carbon or zeolites are used as adsorbents
Durin, Bertrand. "Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2039.
Full textImpact of transport infrastructures, and more generally of urban spaces, on the environment is one of the ministry in load of the environment concerns. The runoff waters of urban impervious surfaces are composed of complex various pollutants. The topic of this work was to specify the colloidal fraction rôle on the mobility of trace elements in road runoff management. The study was performed at the scale of an infiltration bassin equipped to collect and qualify the waters from the road to interstitial volume in the sediment. This global assessment was completed by laboratory column experiments to mimic the variation of ionic strength and hydraulic head. The colloidal fraction collection was collected by ultrafiltration and the characterization was carried out by coupling the physico-chemical analyses (ICP-AES, SAA, SEM, ESEM, STEM, XPS) and a geochemical computer code. The results obtained in situ highlight the existence and the great variability of the colloidal fraction. Only copper was always present in the colloidal fraction from 4 to 59 % of total concentration. A methodology to reduce uncertainty was developed. A strong ionic strength decrease induced a colloidal organic matter release and lead, copper, aluminium mobilization, whereas stop and flow experiment mobilized copper iron, zinc, nickel and organic compounds. The characterization of the colloidal fraction showed that trace elements were associated with aluminium and iron oxides and with organic substances resulting from biological degradation but which are to be identified
Vaillant, Nathalie. "Effet du zinc sur la croissance, l'activité photosynthétique et la synthèse de métabolites secondaires chez différentes espèces de Datura : développement d'un procédé d'épuration des effluents urbains couplé à la production de plantes à intérêt pharmaceutique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM01.
Full textBlanchard, Claire Moszkowicz Pierre. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=blanchard.
Full textBlanchard, Claire. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0021/these.pdf.
Full textThe specific objective of this study is to characterize metal mobility from contaminated soils through laboratory tests. The literature work consisted in a complete review of leaching/extraction tests in collaboration with French association for normalization. Lab work consisted in carrying out previously chosen leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) over an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb , Zn. Results) comparison allowed to set up a method assessing metal potential mobilization from contaminated coifs
Imyim, Apichat Tiruta-Barna Ligia. "Méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale des déchets stabilisés / solidifiés par liants hydrauliques." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2002. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=imyim.
Full textThèse composée de 2 volumes. Le volume 2 contient des annexes. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 165-172.
Godard, Grégory. "Extraction des métaux lourds de l’eau par réaction avec l’hydrogène adsorbé sur une surface de Nickel." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1A168.
Full textFor public health and environment protection, heavy metals have to be removed from industrial aqueous efluents before discharges. Several technologies (in exchange resins, electrochemistry, cementation, distillation. . . ) are available to companies but have some limits in efficiency. We propose the concept of a new process for heavy metal removal based on the reaction of the metallic pollutants with the hydrogen adsorbed on a nickel surface. The metallic ions in water are reduced by chemisorbed hydrogen and deposited on the nickel particles. This process decreases the concentrations in organometallics too and is not sensitive to the presence of mineal salts. Only H3O+ or OH- ions easily neutralized are produced. After treatment on alumina supported nickel under hydrogen, the concentrations in Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Cr2O72- of aqueous solutions are decreased more than 99%
Quilbé, Renaud. "Transferts de polluants inorganiques par ruissellement en terre de grande culture : approche interdisciplinaire et multi-échelle." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSF0009.
Full textMerminod, Valérie. "Application de l'électro-osmose et de l'électromigration à l'extraction de polluants organiques et inorganiques de sols pollués /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1844.
Full textNicolau, Rudy Lucas Yves. "Caractérisation et quantification des transferts dûs aux petites rivières côtières Méditerranéennes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105804.
Full textRoque, António José Pereira Mendes. "Transfert advectif et diffusif de polluants inorganiques dans les barrières d'étanchéité minérales présentes dans les centres de stockage de déchets." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0034.
Full textThis work is intended to contribute to understand better the hydro-geochemical performance of fine-grained soils with geotechnical properties similar to those of soils that are currently used in the construction of compacted clay liners existing in the landfills. Therefore, the work is expected to contribute to improve the design and dimensioning of confinement systems based on the determination of the hydraulic conductivity, the effective diffusion coefficient and the capacity of retention of fine-grained soils. We begin by studying of the phenomenology of soil-water-electrolyte interactions, with a view to contribute to understand better the operation of the soil-leachate system. Subsequently, we describe the main physical, chemical and biological processes of retention of inorganic pollutants in the soils, and we present for some inorganic pollutants the mechanisms of retention that are responsible for their retardation in the soils. In addition, we indicate the main processes of pollutant transport through compacted clay liners, as well as the corresponding mathematical formulation. W e also refer to the fundamental principles of permeability and diffusion in the soils as well as the methods used in laboratory for measuring the hydraulic conductivity and the effective diffusion coefficient. W e present the characteristics of leachates produced in municipal solid landfills, as well as a data base concerning the chemical composition of these leachates. These data were used as supporting basis to the selection of inorganic chemical species and of chemical concentrations representative of the chemical composition of real leachates, with a view to prepare both acid and neutral to moderately alkaline leachates. We present the methodology that has led to collecting thirty samples from the main Portuguese clayey formations and we characterise the soils. The results obtained in the tests are analysed and we perform their statistical processing using linear regression and multivariate analysis methods, in order to select representative samples of the overall sampling. W e carry out permeability tests in laboratory with equipment and apparatuses that were specifically designed for: i) determining the hydraulic conductivity of specimens; ii) determining the time of advective transport of inorganic chemical species through the sampling soils; iii) studying the effects of both ac id and neutral to moderately alkaline leachates on the long-term integrity of soils. We carry out, other than the study on the advective transport of chemical species, a study on the diffusive transport of inorganic chemical species through the sampling soils. For the purpose, we designed equipment and apparatuses that were specifically intended to study the transport of pollutants by pure diffusion
Jasmin, Jean-Philippe. "Élaboration de capteurs nanostructurés pour la détection de polluants métalliques à l'état de traces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE010/document.
Full textThis work focuses on screen-printed electrodes functionalization by electrografting of diazonium salts in order to be used as metallic micropollutants sensors. Two kind of functionalization were treated; the functionalization by organic groups selective of metal ions owing selective sensors and, the nanostructuration with gold nanoparticles to increase the analytical performances of the sensors. The first part of the work deals with the functionalization of screen-printed electrodes with macrocyclic ligands, chosen from a bibliographic study, for their respective affinities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and UO2 (VI). Covalent grafting of this macrocycles on screen-printed electrodes leads to potentially selective sensors. The analytical performances of these sensors as well as the influence of many interference species on the detection were studied.A second part handles with methods for the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes by covalent immobilization of naked or functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two types of gold nanoparticles, with different characteristics have been studied. The nature, the size and the surface state of the gold nanoparticles were found to be key parameters that influence on the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes and consequently on their electrochemical properties. The last part of this work concerns the development of a detection protocol for metallic micropollutants with the nanostructured and functionalized screen-printed. The analytical performances have been studied and compared with systems without nanoparticles in order to highlight the contribution of the gold nanoparticles on the performance of the electrodes
Point, David. "Spéciation et biogéochimie des éléments traces métalliques dans l'estuaire de l'Adour." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3029.
Full textThe first part of this work involves the development of an analytical method for the speciation analysis of metals at ultratrace levels in complex matrices such as seawater and estuarine water. This analytical speciation system is composed of a first UV on-line photolysis module and a second preconcentration/matrix elimination platform employing chelating resin that allow to discriminate labile from complexed metal forms. This analytical speciation system can be directly employed for field speciation studies, or directly coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for flow injection analysis. The simultaneous application of isotope dilution technique for Cd determination is also presented. The second part of this work has allowed for the first time to study the biogeochemical cycle of trace elements in the Adour Estuary. This urban macrotidal estuary is characterized by a very low turbidity and a low time of residence for both water and particles. The study of trace metals sources demonstrate first that the anthropogenic pressure is limited under dry weather conditions compared to the upstream inputs that represent the majority metals fluxes entering the estuary. Exception can be distinguished for anthropogenic Ag and MMHg representing 28% and 9% respectively of the total inputs under low discharge conditions. Second, the detailed attention of biogeochemical processes occurring within estuarine mixing indicates important dynamic exchanges and transformations between metals forms and phases. Most of the processes are assumed to be linked to organic matter complexation properties and transformations occurring during estuarine transfer
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Full textLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Puginier, Barbara. "Facteurs géochimiques contrôlant l'atténuation des polluants métalliques dans les panaches de lixiviats issus des décharges." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0010.
Full textBen, Ahmed Rabiâ Duplay Joëlle Darragi Fadila. "Comportement des métaux lourds et de polluants associés aux processus sédimentaires de la lagune El Meleh de Slimène (Nord de la Tunisie)." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/secure/00001005/01/BEN_AHMED_Rabia_2008.pdf.
Full textImyim, Apichat. "Méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale des déchets stabilisés / solidifiés par liants hydrauliques." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0091/these.pdf.
Full textThis research aims to assess the long-term release of inorganic pollutants leached from stabilised wastes by hydraulic binders in the environmental point of view. The research divides in three parts: (1) proposition of an assessment methodology of the long term behavior of pollutant species, (2) application and validation of the methodology to synthetic stabilised wastes, (3) application of the methodology to stabilized galvanic sludge and stabilized fly ash. The methodology includes leachning tests and a model of the long-term behavior prediction of pollutant contained in the wastes. The selected leaching tests permitting the identification of the necessary parameters for behavioral model have been done. The developed model is based on a diffusional model in the porous matrix coupled to chemical reactions of major species contained in the stabilized materials. The consistency between the experimental and simulated results proves that the model describes the physico – chemical mechanism of considered species release well. This approach leads to determine the long-term behavior of stabilized wastes in order to assess their impact on the environment
Meroufel, Bahia. "Adsorption des polluants organiques et inorganiques sur des substances naturelles : Kaolin, racines de Calotropis procera et noyaux de dattes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0289/document.
Full textThe first aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to characterize a kaolin clay deposit in south-western Algerian region which has never been exploited, to improve the surface properties of the clay due to changes made by coating with an amino silane (APTES) or cationic exchange with a surfactant (CTAB), which allowed us to develop the active sites on the surface of this material. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and SEM. Two other vegetable materials of great abundance in the southwest Algerian who are the roots of the plant Calotropis Procera and Feggous date stones are also characterized. The second aim of this study is the application of these materials in removing different kinds of pollutants in aqueous solutions: heavy metals (Zn (II) and Mn (II)) and anionic and cationic synthetic dyes (Congo red and Purple gentian) to the effectiveness demonstration of the clay and vegetable materials to adsorb these pollutants. The study of adsorption is to discuss the effects of contact time, pH and initial concentration of the solute using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of temperature has achieved a thermodynamic study to define the nature of adsorption phenomena. In addition, different kinetic models (first and second order) and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to assess the ability of clay materials (K08, KC and KS) and vegetable materials (CP and ND) to adsorb such organic and inorganic pollutants. The natural clay (K08) showed good affinity towards all pollutants with remarkable adsorption capacity, this capacity has evolved considerably by modifications. The modified kaolin (KS) proves the best adsorbent for these types of pollutants (heavy metals and synthetic dyes). The roots of CP have a very good affinity for heavy metals, while the date stones give more remarkable results for biosorption dyes
Shan, Dan. "Conception et réalisation de biocapteurs électrochimiques par immobilisation d'enzymes dans des matrices inorganiques : application au dosage de polluants aqueux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10019.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the extended application of clays on the electrochemical biosensor elaborations. Synthetic cationic clay (laponite) and anionic clay (Layered double hydroxides, LDHs) were used as a model materials for the enzymes immobilization. These resulting clay-modified biosensors based on specific enzymes are available for the electrochemical monitoring environmental aqueous polluants, such as inorganic phosphates, phenol, phenolic compounds, and nitrate. The detection of extremely toxic compounds, cyanides and heavy metal ions, are also accomplished via their inhitory effects on the immobilized enzymes within clay coating. The préliminary study of the interactions between Urease and the highly attractive matrix LDHs was also presented in this work
Scheifler, Renaud. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité et des transferts de polluants métalliques et organiques dans les réseaux trophiques "sols-plantes-invertébrés"." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2022.
Full textPollution of ecosystems by metallic trace elements (MTEs) and organic compounds may lead to pollutant transfer in food webs. The aim of this work was to improve the assessment of bioavailability, transfer and effects of various MTEs (mainly cadmium (Cd) but also copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) and an organic pollutant, the herbicide isoproturon. The food webs studied in this work were made up of 2 or 3 compartments among the following: soil - primary producer (lettuce Lactuca sativa, colza Brassica napus and maize Zea mays) - primary consumer (snail Helix aspersa) - secondary consumer (carabid beetle Chrysocarabus splendens). Three complementary approaches using food webs of increasing complexity were exploited in laboratory experiments, under semi-field conditions and in situ
Veschambre, Sophie. "Caractérisation et quantification des éléments traces métalliques dans les dépôts et les particules atmosphériques de la vallée d'Aspe (Pyrénées) : Mise en place d'indicateurs de la qualité de l'air liés au trafic routier." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3007.
Full textThis study of inputs of trace metal elements (TME) in the Aspe valley (Pyrénées Atlantiques) has two objectives: (1) to define a reference state of metallic contaminants for the monitoring of road traffic emissions since the opening of the Somport tunnel and, (2) to evaluate sources and climatic conditions which contribute to TME inputs in the Aspe valley. To establish air quality indicators, TME (Al, Na, Mg, K, V, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Rb, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Ce, Pb and U) and lead isotopic ratios (208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb) were determined in the atmospheric receptors (fresh snow, wet deposition, atmospheric particulates and lichen). Sampling and analyses with ultra clean procedures were employed for TME quantification. Variability of atmospheric receptors studied, allows integration on a daily and pluriannual temporal scale and a spatial scale in the North-South axis of the valley and as a function of the altitude from the road. The Aspe valley presents a level of contamination characteristic of remote European areas and the metallic contaminants identified are Cd, Sb, Zn, Cu, Pb and Sn. In the low valley, air quality indicators indicate contaminant contributions (i) from local emissions of domestic heat sources, from agricultural burning practices and road traffic, and (ii) from regional anthropogenic sources of waste incinerators, metallurgic industries and urban centres. In altitude, the valley is significantly influenced by wind erosion and long range transport of TME in the Northern Hemisphere. Characterisation of TME and the isotopic ratios of Pb in the Somport tunnel indicate (i) a significant emission of Cu, Sb, Zn and Ba and (ii) an isotopic composition from a slightly radiogenic source even though Pb concentrations indicate low emissions from road traffic emissions. Nevertheless, the low traffic volume in the Aspe valley prevents conclusive evidence of significant contamination from road traffic
Lions, Julie. "Etude hydrogéochimique de la mobilité de polluants inorganiques dans des sédiments de curage mis en dépôt: expérimentations, étude in situ et modélisations." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001042.
Full textLions, Julie. "Etude hydrogéochimique de la mobilité de polluants inorganiques dans des sédiments de curage mis en dépôt : expérimentations, suivi in situ et modélisations." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1263.
Full textBen, Ahmed Rabiâ. "Comportement des métaux lourds et de polluants associés aux processus sédimentaires de la lagune El Meleh de Slimène (Nord de la Tunisie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/BEN_AHMED_Rabia_2008.pdf.
Full textThe lagoon El Meleh is a coastal lagoon opening on the golf of Tunis. It has a very significant ecological and biological value. However effluents poured in the lagoon in relation with anthropogenic activities contribute to a gradual degeneration of the site. The aim of this work is to identify anthropogenic impacts on waters and sediments also on compartments non studied before: interstitial waters, suspended matters and clay. Statistical and geochemical studies confirm what was suspected and clear on the site: a heavy metals contamination of the lagoon and especially of the South western zone. The main sources of pollution are purification station effluents, industrial wastes carried by the oued El Bey which were rejected on the lagoon for many years and agricultural activities practiced in the South and East of the lagoon. Sediments are contaminated with Ni and Zn. Contamination factor proves that Cu is also polluting and the pass is contaminated too. Cu and Ni are enriched in deep sediments. Zn and Ni present high values in the suspended matters of the lagoon. Interstitial waters present high values for Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr and As compared to surface waters. Study of heavy metals mobilisation proved that the most contaminating element is As, than Cr and Zn, than Ni and finally Cu
Docters, Tamara. "Influence des conditions de synthèse en milieu sels fondus et des traitements postérieurs sur l'efficacité photocatalytique de TiO2." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10040.
Full textIdrissi, Mohammed. "Evolution du littoral Casablanca-Mohammedia (Maroc) : Etude de la dynamique sédimentaire et des impacts anthropiques." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0014.
Full textThe littoral Casablanca-Mohammedia (Morocco), strongly anthropized, with a harbour industry, directed in particular towards the petroleum products, and of constructions of works during these last years, an urbanization of the littoral and rivers coastal. The objective ; to study the incidence of the processes natural and anthropic on current sedimentary dynamics of this littoral. One uses measurements in locates granulometry, mineralogy, variation of the prof les of beaches and the analysis of the air photographs and models digital of the propagation of the swell at the coast, means of transport of the sediments and the simulation of the evolution of the feature of coast. The results obtained relate to the impact of coastal installations from a hydrodynamic point of view and to the localization of the sectors subjected to erosion and sectors prone to accretion. The study relating to One phenomena of the infiltration and the fixing of pollutants in a porous environment made up of sands of bay of Mohammedia, initially consisted in studying in laboratory, the permeability of a pollutant according to the nature of sand. The analyses carried out in laboratory made it possible to conclude that fine sands retain more the organic matter and organic carbon. The size of the grains plays an important part in the fixing of pollutants, plus the size of the grains increases more the permeability increases as well as porosity and consequently, less the sediments retain pollutants. From these data, one notes that the granulometry of the sediments influences the fixing of pollutants
El, Azzi Désirée. "Transfert de polluants organiques et inorganiques dans les hydrosystèmes en période de crue : interactions avec les matières en suspension et la matière organique." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1885/.
Full textThe mechanisms involved in the transfer of organic and inorganic pollutants to streams in agricultural watersheds are largely studied. However, few studies concern storm events responsible for the transportation of large quantities of pollutants to the outlet and they rarely take into account a multi-pollution dynamic. A heavy monitoring was therefore conducted during the storm event of May 2010 at the outlet of the Save river (1110 Km2) in the south west of France. The majority of pollutants and their controlling factors (dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)) are more concentrated during storm flow than base flow and their concentration increases with stream water discharge. Pollutants are also more concentrated during these events. Hydrograph separations showed that pollutants are primarily transported in the surface runoff adsorbed onto SPM when they have a low solubility (hydrophobic) and in the subsurface runoff linked to DOC when they are soluble. Different kinds of chemical bonds can exist between pollutants and the different SPM fractions (organic matter, clay and oxides). In order to investigate these bonds, we studied in particular Cu dynamic in the small wine growing catchment of Baillaury (18. 2 Km2), close to Banyuls sur Mer (Eastern Pyrénées), within the framework of the CRUMED project (EC2CO-INSU/CNRS). This Mediterranean type-flow regime stream is mostly cultivated with vineyards and has been treated with Bordeaux mixture for centuries. Moderate to significant enrichments of soils at different depth, river bottom sediments and suspended matters were revealed. Anthropogenic contribution to this enrichment is estimated between 50 and 85 % in all samples showing that the Cu present in the river is mainly due to agricultural practices. Sequential chemical extractions SCE) allow us to determine Cu distribution in the different residual and non-residual fractions (exchangeable, acido-soluble, Mn and Fe oxides, organic matter), showing that anthropogenic Cu is mainly adsorbed onto iron oxides. The isotopic Cu composition measured in each fraction shows that Cu transported in solution and adsorbed onto organic matter seems to be associated without any fractioning. Gross samples have signatures similar to the bedrock and so studying the detailed SCE fractions is essential. Combining SCE and isotopic signatures is a powerful tool to understand Cu distribution and transfer in the environment. However, in the environment, a pollutant is rarely alone and other pollutants can influence its fate. Therefore, in order to investigate the influence of the presence of other pollutants on a pollutant's adsorption, organic (two pesticides: alachlore and aclonifen) and inorganic (two heavy metals: Cu and Cd) pollutants adsorption on natural SPM (collected in the Save river during the flood) were studied. Most studied pollutants were influenced by the presence of one or more other pollutants in the water, trace metals to a lesser extent than pesticides. The order of presence in the water also influences the adsorption rate of the pollutant onto SPM. The mutual influence can be due to competition for the same adsorption sites or to the creation of complexes between pollutants. These complexes can modify the adsorption capacities of each pollutant. These original results obtained in this work open up new perspectives and requests
Wanat, Nastasia. "Etude de l'adaptation de Miscanthus x giganteus pour la revalorisation d'un ancien site minier fortement contaminé." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809037.
Full textAusseil, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude de la multipollution des hydrosystèmes fluviaux : étude de l'influence de micropolluants métalliques et organiques sur la bioaccumulation des radionucléides par les poissons d'eau douce." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11026.
Full textBen, Said Olfa. "Adaptation des populations bactériennes présentes dans les sédiments de la lagune de Bizerte aux polluants organiques (Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques), inorganiques (métaux traces) et aux antibiotiques." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3026.
Full textGuérin, Loïc. "Devenir des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les résidus de combustion des déchets ménagers : spéciation et élaboration de tests de mobilité en vue de leur stockage ou de leur valorisation." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0005.
Full textOne ton of incinerated municipal solid wastes give about 300kg of bottom ash and 50kg of APC (Air Pollution Control) residues which are mainly constituted of oxides and silico-aluminate compounds. A non-negligible part of these residues are soluble compounds (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CaSOa,. . . ) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn. . . . ) which are harmful elements in view of their disposal or valorisation. We first characterized the composition of the residues and the physico-chemical mechanisms in case of lixiviation. Sequential extractions have been used to define the speciations of heavy metals and major constituents. Heavy metals are mainly-associated with calcite and anhydrite and these mineral compounds are soiubilised in acid conditions. These extractions were associated with pH-stat extractions to predict the behaviour of the residues in time. We then used simple scenarios and simulations : in the case of n on-exceptional conditions of disposal, the chlorides ate the first compounds which are released to the environment. The carbonatation phenomenon in open air quickly reduced (some months) the pH of the residues leachate to about pH=8. 5, which is fortunately, in most cases the pH of the minimum solubilisation of heavy metals. A kinetic approach confirms this result. The rain is then the only possible source of protons and the decrease of the leachates pH proceeded very slowly (about hundreds of thousand years). The remaining metals, associated with oxides or inside the alumino-silicate mould, cannot be released to the environment, except under special conditions of disposal
Poitevin, Antonine. "Caractérisation multi-échelles des phases porteuses des polluants métalliques Zn et Pb dans un sédiment mis en dépôt : de l'analyse de terrain au rayonnement synchrotron." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840257.
Full textThouin, Hugues. "Transfert de polluants inorganiques dans un technosol de brûlage d’armes organo-arséniées soumis à un apport de matière organique et à des cycles de saturation/désaturation : expérimentation en mésocosme." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2069/document.
Full textThe thermal destruction of chemical munitions from World War I, on the site of “Place-à-Gaz”, induced intense local top soil contamination by arsenic and heavy metals. The heat treatment mineralized As from organoarsenic warfare agents, resulting in a singular mineral assemblage, composed of Zn, Cu and Fe arsenates and of an amorphous phase rich in Fe, As, Zn, Cu and Pb. The amorphous material was the principal carrier of As and metals in the central part of the site. The site undergoes environmental changes which may alter the stability of inorganic contaminants. To assess the impact of water saturation episodes and input of bioavailable organic matter on the biogeochemical cycles of metal(loid)s, a mesocosm study was conducted. Results showed that amorphous phase was instable in saturated conditions, and released contaminants in soil water. As previously observed on site, the most mobile contaminants were Zn and As. The addition of organic matter induced the immobilization of As by trapping of As V onto hydrous ferric oxides in the saturated soil. Microbial characterizations including counting, bacterial community structure, respiration, and determination of As IIIoxidizing activities were performed. Results showed that microorganisms actively contribute to the metabolisms of C and As.The addition of organic matter induced the increase of As III-oxidizing and As V-reducing microorganisms concentrations and modified the bacterial diversity. However, a negative effect of organic matter on the activity of As III oxidation was observed resulting in higher As III concentration in soil water. This study showed that the natural deposition of forest organic litter on the site, induced antagonist effects on the transfer of inorganic pollutants did not immobilize all the Zn and As and even contributed to As III transport to the surrounding environment. These results provide more information about the environmental impact of the Great War and more generally about the processes driving the behavior of metals/metalloids on polluted sites
Gonzales, Ramirez Maria Lorena. "Gestion et valorisation des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets non Dangereux (MIDND) : Etude du comportement des polluants inorganiques traces au cours de la maturation et en fonction de la granulométrie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0131.
Full textCurrent challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction
Clarisse, Olivier. "Approche géochimique du fonctionnement et de la dynamique des vasières de l'estuaire de la Seine." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-105.pdf.
Full textHleis, Dany. "Evaluation de la contribution d'émissions sidérurgiques à la teneur en particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère à une échelle locale." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0263.
Full textThe main objectives of this thesis were to explain the temporal variation of airborne particulate levels at a local scale in the city of Dunkirk (North of France) and to assess a source apportionment. A particular attention was paid to the impact of industrial emissions on air quality during the sampling period. Airbornes particulates were collected over four month period in 2008 under various influences : urban, industrial, sea and continental. Particulate emissions from an integrated steelworks were also analyzed to get their characteristics : element profiles from global analysis and data on individual particulate composition. In ambient air, the levels of metals and soluble ions contents depend not only on local emissions, but also on the contribution of long range transport particulate. Source apportionment was provided from the application of a weighted non negative matrix factorization (NMF) tool developed within the scope of this work. Results analysis did permit the evaluation of both industrial and non industrial contribution on the composition of airborne particulate
Ghayaza, Mariem. "Réactivité argiles-polluants métalliques : simulation des barrières argileuses des sites de stockage des déchets." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717388.
Full textNguyen, Van Xuan. "Evaluation de l’exposition des populations aux polluants dans des néosols issus de sédiments de curage : effet du vieillissement sur la disponibilité environnementale et la bioaccessibilité orale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R076.
Full textThe maintenance of waterways, made necessary to ensure fluvial navigation and limit flooding, generates considerable amounts of sediments, sometimes highly contaminated, particularly in formerly industrialized and heavily populated regions. Considered as waste from a regulatory point of view and given their contamination, these sediments are stored in management sites. 183 sites have been identified in the North of France. After dewatering of sediments put on land, spontaneous vegetation develops on these deposits, which are subjected to pedogenetic processes. Over time, these sites may be of interest to the public in a region lacking green space. This raises questions about the environmental and health risks posed by metal pollutants in these sites. For population, the main route of exposure is through the ingestion of sediment particles. In this work, the environmental and toxicological availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn were studied at different spatial and temporal scales by using chemical extractions. These investigations were carried out on 12 sites representative in terms of their spatial distribution and the age of the deposits. They were supplemented by mesocosms and laboratory simulation to experiment under semi-controlled conditions and to evaluate the behaviour of pollutants in the foreseeable future. The results showed a high variability in the physicochemical parameters of the soils and significant differences in the availability of the metals studied, whatever the spatial scale considered. Over time, sediment oxidation causes an increase in the mobility of metals and therefore in the hazards they present, which should be included in the risk assessment carried out prior to dredging operations
Pascaud, Aude. "Déterminants des évolutions spatio-temporelles des retombées atmosphériques acidifiantes et eutrophisantes en France et élaboration d’un modèle de projection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10105/document.
Full textAtmospheric pollutants emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources are precursors of secondary compounds such as acidic gases and aerosols, which can be transported over long distances. Atmospheric deposition is the ultimate sink for these pollutants and can lead to acidification and eutrophication issues. This research was conducted within the SESAME project as part of the PRIMEQUAL long distance pollution program. The objectives seek to identify determinants of atmospheric deposition changes and to evaluate policies of pollutant reductions. Statistical approaches were applied to measurement databases of three French networks: MERA, CATAENAT and BAPMoN. Several procedures were developed to consolidate and to compare the datasets for a descriptive analysis. Geographical and seasonal determinants were identified based on the chemistry of concentrations and deposition fluxes. The trends resulting from Sen Mann Kendall tests highlighted that the changes in chemical compositions of atmospheric deposition can be either linear or nonlinear with the identified determinants. The findings were used to develop a predictive model to forecast the deposition fluxes of sulfur and nitrogen species under different climate scenarios and over several decades. The exceedances of critical loads and their changes were evaluated from current and forecasted deposition fluxes. Finally, the density of measurement sites over the French area was strong enough to create maps of deposition fluxes, which were then compared to the EMEP model outputs
Allahdin, Oscar. "Élimination (par adsorption sur la brique activée) de polluants métalliques dans les eaux de la République Centrafricaine et les pays en voie de développement : Aspects texturaux, physicochimiques, (électro)cinétiques et thermodynamiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10120/document.
Full textDespite the great ressources of water in Centrafrican Republic, drinking water is not accessible for about 70% of the population in this country. To resolve this problem, waters need to be treated. We have chosen the adsorption technique,by using a local brick as adsorbant in the purification of water in rural region. After acid treatment and deposition of ferrihydrite at a fixed pH, brick was found to be a good adsorbant in the elimination : Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+,Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, UO2+. This adsorption process was also applied to phosphates elimination. The effects of the parameters: contact time, temperature, mass of material, and pH were taken into account. Column regeneration was performed either by using NaCl solution or NaClO as eluent. The analytical studies of adsorption/desorption cycles on the column showed the implication of H+ and Na+ ions at the "brick-water" interface. Depending upon the treatment used, cations or anions could be adsorbed owing to the existence of opposite charges between solid surface and ions in water. To ascertain our assumptions, several techniques were used : X-Ray diffraction, SEM /EDS, FTIR, BET, 23Na, 29Si, 27Al, and 1H NMR. Adsorption measurements were also followed by potentiometry and conductimetry. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamie of heterogeneous processes involved were addressed. Electrokinetic measurements conformed the involvement of electrostatic forces in the adsorption mechanism
Popescu, Tudor. "Interaction de certaines espèces d'algues et contaminants métalliques et organiques dans le milieu aquatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10194/document.
Full textThe development of intensive agriculture and the increase use of chemicals (Persistent Organic Pollutant, drug residues, hormones and bisphenols) have led to a pollution of the aquatic ecosystems. Organic and metallic pollutants are likely to develop significant toxicity to human health and the functioning of ecosystems. This pollution of the aquatic environment menaces the water resource with serious consequences for drinking water supply. In this work, we are interested to the bioremediation of pollutants by algae. Algae have particularly good absorption capacities for decontamination of polluted environments and to decrease the eutrophication. Their high growth rates combined with their absorption capacity, algae are used for the treatment of wastewater. The first part of our study is devoted to the characterization of the algal strains used by a development of laboratory methods for production of a biomass at least cost for the study of bioremediation processes. Algae breeding on crop media from water treatment plants offer an interesting advantage in the tertiary effluents treatment at lower cost. A second part of the work is devoted to the bioaccumulation study of organic and mineral pollutants on the algal solid phase in free dispersion or immobilized on a support. Our results show that some algal species such as Spirulina platensis have great potential for removing organic pollutants
Lamaison, Laure. "Caractérisation des particules atmosphériques et identification de leurs sources dans une atmosphère urbaine sous influence industrielle." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_156.pdf.
Full textArchundia, Peralta Denisse. "Etude du devenir et de l’impact des antibiotiques à l’échelle d’un bassin versant : application au bassin versant du Katari (Bolivie)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU016/document.
Full textThe Altiplano North Bolivian is naturally subject to climate and soil limiting conditions. It is particularly impacted by various anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and more recently urbanization. The Katari watershed encompasses a variety of human activities and includes the largest city of the Altiplano (El Alto), which has developed with a minimal land planning and insufficient regulation. To date, few studies have characterized the pharmaceutical residues and their fate in the extreme conditions of the Altiplano. Antibiotics are organic micro-pollutants considered as one of the most important groups of emerging pollutants. First, an assessment on the general state of pollution of the watershed was performed, as it is known that antibiotics may interact with other molecules (e.g. trace metal elements). Further work was carried out with the Sulfamethoxazole antibiotic as model compound, as it is commonly detected in natural environments as well as in the study site. The results showed that the city of El Alto is the main source of pollution in nutrients (especially phosphate), trace metal elements, bacteria, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. Sorption is the main parameter affecting its fate in the study site which is linked to the pH-dependent speciation of SMX and the physicochemical characteristics of studied soils. Main involved processes are hydrophobic interactions, sorption on organic matter and ion exchange. SMX vertical transfer is facilitated by the presence of rather permeable soils, explaining its presence on studied ground waters. Observed SMX photodegradation rate was found to be low but remains the main factor explaining its dissipation in studied surface waters. SMX may be potentially biodegraded in most of studied soils in relation to their organic matter content and the presence of pre-adapted microbial communities to its presence. SMX impacts on bacterial populations were linked to the location, texture and use of studied soils (mountain, urban or agricultural soils) and the presence of pre-adapted microbial populations. We observed a change in the structure of microbial communities and on the relative abundance of bacterial soil species. The addition of SMX has not led to the development of specific resistance genes to this antibiotic (sul genes), suggesting the presence of less specific mechanisms which can be effective against a wide variety of compounds. The GREAT-ER model has been successfully used for the simulation of SMX environmental concentrations and the environmental risk assessment. Ecotoxicological risk is greater in areas under urban influence
Baron, Sandrine. "Traçabilité et évolution d'une pollution métallurgique médiévale de plomb argentifère sur le Mont-Lozère." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20102.
Full textNicolau, Rudy. "Caractérisation et quantification des transferts dûs aux petites rivières côtières Méditerranéennes." Toulon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105804.
Full textThe goal of this study is to characterise and quantify the inputs (nutrient, metals, organic matter) into the Mediterranean sea by a small river. In this context, this work aims at determining the inputs during the base flow of the river and the floods for a whole hydrological year. Moreover, the metallic pollutants partition between particular and dissolved fractions was considered. Finally, the characterisation of organic matter and its role on their bioavailability were evaluated. This work showed that the physico-chemical parameters present daily variations that are disturbed during the rains, which produce a decrease of the values measured - pH, conductivity, redox potential, temperature, dissolved O2 -. Regarding major ions, the rains induce a decrease in the concentrations, except for potassium which increase during flood. During spring and especially in summer, nutrient inputs along with low water flow, cause eutrophication. The metals present a high affinity for the particulate fraction and their main source is located in the urban and commercial areas. During rain, the measured concentrations show high increase due partly to surface run off. In general, for metallic pollutants, the concentration in water is low during base-flow and indicate a good quality of water, while their increase of concentration observed during the floods, could be problematic for the environment. For a national research program ECOTDYN, the study of the influence of the Eygoutier was extended to Toulon bay. During flood, the impact of the Eygoutier was shown 85 metres away during 8 hours. Since the Toulon bay is a semi-closed area, and so fragile, these inputs could be a risk for the environment
Poumaye, Nicole Mathilde. "Transformation chimique et structurale d’un constituant de brique en zéolite : application à l’élimination des contaminants métalliques dans le traitement des eaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R024.
Full textIn Central African Republic (CAR), potable water is not accessible to more than 70% of the total population despite important water resources in this country. This lack of potable water is further aggravated by the presence of soluble iron which leading to high turbidity and clogging with time. On this view, we have attempted to develop an adsorption process by using a local brick which contains metakaolinite. This mineral was generated through the dehydroxylation of kaolinite during the heating of local soils used for making brick. In order to activate this material, brick grains were treated with sodium hydroxide (0.6M and 0.8M). And in order to optimize the synthesis process, the chemical treatment was carried out at different reaction times and temperatures. The chemical, mineralogical and structural composition of synthesized compounds was determined by several techniques: X-ray diffraction; ICP-EAS, micro-Raman, MAS NMR and ESEM-EDS. These analyses revealed the formation of crystalline (cubic and spherical) structures identified as zeolites NaA and NaP. From batch and column experiments, the modified brick was employed successfully in the removal of metals (Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ et Zn2+) from aqueous solutions. Metal adsorption took place according to a pseudo-second order kinetics. And at the solid-water interface, the adsorption process occurred via an ions exchange at the brick surface followed by an intra-particle diffusion. Calculated thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption mechanism was spontaneous (ΔG°<0), endothermic (ΔH°>0), and proceeded with a positive entropy (ΔS° >0). The detailed study of this adsorbent in column also permitted us to determine filtration parameters (service time, adsorption capacity, minimal height of the bed …) and to optimize column performances. Finally, the zeolitized brick could be used as a low-cost adsorbent to be implemented in rural zones
Lefèvre, Émilie. "Étude de la minéralisation de la nappe de la craie sous pressions naturelles et anthropiques : application à la présence de l'azote, du soufre et du nickel dans les eaux souterraines." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_17.pdf.
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