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Academic literature on the topic 'Pollution – Arctique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pollution – Arctique"
Carl, Leon M., David Walty, and David M. Rimmer. "Demography of spawning grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the Beaverlodge River, Alberta." Hydrobiologia 243-244, no. 1 (October 1992): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007039.
Full textMa, Hongmei, Guitao Shi, and Yongqian Cheng. "Accumulation Characteristics of Metals and Metalloids in Plants Collected from Ny-Ålesund, Arctic." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101129.
Full textRøen, Ulrik. "Chydorus arcticus n.sp., a new cladoceran crustacean (Chydoridae: Chydorinae) from the North Atlantic arctic and Subarctic areas." Hydrobiologia 145, no. 1 (February 1987): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02530272.
Full textDavis, Michael N., Thomas E. McMahon, Kyle A. Cutting, and Matthew E. Jaeger. "Environmental and climatic factors affecting winter hypoxia in a freshwater lake: evidence for a hypoxia refuge and for re-oxygenation prior to spring ice loss." Hydrobiologia 847, no. 19 (September 7, 2020): 3983–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04382-z.
Full textPedersen, Simen, and Syverin Lierhagen. "Erratum to “Heavy metal accumulation in arctic hares (Lepus arcticus) in Nunavut, Canada” [Science of the Total Environment 368 (2006) 951–955]." Science of The Total Environment 370, no. 2-3 (November 2006): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.025.
Full textAmuno, S., S. Niyogi, M. Amuno, and J. Attitaq. "Corrigendum to “Heavy metal bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations in wild Arctic hares (Lepus arcticus) inhabiting a former lead-zinc mine in the Canadian High Arctic: A preliminary study” [Sci. Total Environ. 556 (2016) 252–263]." Science of The Total Environment 696 (December 2019): 133938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133938.
Full textRajsz, Adam, Bronisław Wojtuń, Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman, Paweł Wąsowicz, Lucyna Mróz, Andrzej Rudecki, and Alexander J. Kempers. "Metals in Calluna vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Festuca vivipara and Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus in the geothermal areas of Iceland." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, July 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15046-3.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pollution – Arctique"
Pommier, Matthieu. "Caractérisation de la pollution dans la troposphère arctique : utilisation des données satellitaires et aéroportées dans le cadre de la campagne API/POLARCAT." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587583.
Full textMarelle, Louis. "Modélisation régionale des polluants à courte durée de vie (aérosols, ozone) en Arctique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066190/document.
Full textThe Arctic is increasingly open to human activity due to rapid warming, associated with decreased sea ice extent. This warming is due, in part, to the effect of short-lived atmospheric pollutants (aerosols, ozone). As a result, Arctic pollutant emissions should increase in the future, and their impacts might become significant compared to the now predominant source due to pollution transport from the mid-latitudes. In this thesis, regional simulations of the Arctic troposphere are performed with the WRF-Chem model, combined with new emission estimates for oil and gas extraction and shipping in the Arctic. The model is used to analyze two case studies from recent airborne measurement datasets: POLARCAT-France in 2008, ACCESS in 2012. First, I investigate an aerosol transport event from Europe to the Arctic in spring 2008, in order to improve our understanding of this major source of Arctic pollution. Second, I determine the air quality and radiative impacts of shipping emissions in Northern Norway in summer 2012, where most current Arctic shipping occurs. I use these results to validate modeled pollution, and to improve WRF-Chem for Arctic studies. The updated model is used to investigate the current (2012) and future (2050) impacts of Arctic shipping and Arctic gas flaring in terms of air quality and radiative effects. Results show that Arctic flaring emissions are and should remain a strong source of local black carbon aerosols, causing warming, and that Arctic shipping is already a strong source of aerosols and ozone during summer. In 2050, diversion shipping through the Arctic Ocean could become a major source of local surface aerosol and ozone pollution
Larose, Catherine. "Interactions entre composition chimique et populations microbiennes de la neige : quelles sont les conséquences sur le cycle du mercure en Arctique ?" Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU004.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to characterize the interactions between seasonal snow chemistry and microbial community structure in an arctic snowpack. In order to do so, the biotic and abiotic compartments of the snowpack must be first characterized. From snow and meltwater samples obtained during a two-month field study held in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway, 78°56'N, 11°52'E) in 2007, we showed that the sequence diversity in arctic snow and meltwater libraries is elevated. We also examined the fate of Hg in an arctic snowpack, from its deposition during atmospheric mercury depletion events up until its transfer during snow melt and reported an increase in methylmercury concentrations in the snowpack during late spring. The results from this campaign highlighted the need to improve our knowledge on mercury speciation and led to the development of a mer-lux biosensor to measure the bioavailable fraction of mercury. We deployed the biosensor during a second two-month field campaign in Ny-Ålesund in spring 2008 and the results obtained led to a novel model for mercury methylation in oxic environments. In parallel, we followed changes in microbial community structure in snow and meltwater samples using a 16S microarray. We modeled the interactions between snow chemistry and community structure and found a significant co-structure. We also explored functional community changes due to mercury contamination of snowpacks. Based on our results, methylmercury affects community structure and function at concentrations much lower than previously reported. Our results provide a basis for further studies on the interaction between chemistry and microbial community structure
Auby, Antoine. "Modélisation à haute résolution du transport de polluants à longue distance." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735198.
Full textGauchard, Pierre-Alexis. "Étude d'un processus singulier d'oxydation du mercure atmosphérique en zone polaire : les « Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events »." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009980.
Full textMasbou, Jérémy. "Étude des processus métaboliques, écologiques et biogéochimiques contrôlant le fractionnement isotopique du Hg chez les mammifères marins de l'Arctique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3093/.
Full textSince the discovery of atmospheric Hg depletion events (AMDE) in the Arctic, the Polar Regions have become key in understanding the Hg global cycle. The impact of Hg on human health depends on both Hg concentration and chemical form. In particular, monomethylmercury (MMHg) is a potent neurotoxin. High MMHg concentrations are observed in Arctic top predators due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes in the food webs. Hence, the characterization of the transformations leading to the formation (methylation) and the degradation (demethylation) of MMHg is of great concern to assess its fate and impact in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, we present an environmental study on three Arctic bio-indicators: the ringed seal (Pusa hispida), the beluga whale (Delphinaperus leucas) and the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Hg isotope analysis of the bio-indicator liver tissues show both mass dependent isotope fractionation (MDF, delta202Hg) and mass independent fractionation (MIF, delta199Hg). While the changes in d202Hg are widely linked to in vivo metabolic processes, the time trend (1988-2002, Pusa hispida) and the latitudinal gradient (60°N-71°N, Delphinaperus leucas) observed for ?199Hg signatures suggests the influence of sea ice cover on the Arctic biogeochemical Hg cycle. In a second part of this dissertation, we propose a novel and promising molecular approach with the first measurements of the isotopic compositions of Hg and carbon on the MMHg molecule in biological samples. These results are very promising for tracing MMHg origin in aquatic environments
Quennehen, Boris. "Etude des aérosols transportés en Arctique à partir des mesures aéroportées (ATR-42) du LaMP durant le projet POLARCART." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22198/document.
Full textThe aims of this thesis were, in a first step, to build a climatology of pollution plumes transported from source continents to the Arctic as measured during the POLARCAT-France campaigns performed in spring and summer 2008, in the frame of the 4th International Polar Year. The climatology is including informations on aerosol particle physical, chemical and optical properties and is organized as a function of pollution plume origins (determined with the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART). In a second step, aerosol processes which influenced aerosol properties during transport to the Arctic were studied. During the summer campaign, the whole plumes encounter experienced wet scavenging processes on their pathway to Groenland. In spring, a plume was sampled during three consecutive days and thus, its ageing was characterised. Finally, two Asian plumes allowed us to highlight the external mixing between anthropogenic and biomass burning contributions transported to northern scandinavia
Anselme, Brice. "Contribution de l'imagerie satellitaire visible, proche infrarouge et infrarouge thermique, à l'étude des mers arctiques eurasiatiques." Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955324.
Full textThe overall objective of our work was to improve the knowledge of the arctic marine environment. Using satellite remote sensing operating in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared, we studied oceanic surface structures over the Barents and Kara seas, as well as in the southern part of the Barents sea. In situ measurements obtained from oceanographic campaigns allowed us to validate the algorithms we used for image processing and helped us in analyzing the images. We studied both biological and physical oceanic structures. Concerning primary production, we showed in which areas and when phytoplanktonic bloom start to develop. We also emphasized the areas where thermal and hydrological fronts appear, sea ice drift and its relationship to surface currents, as well as the transport of sediments and associated pollutants by rivers and their outflow distribution patterns into the sea. The final goal of our work was to outline which areas of the eurasiatic arctic seas are the most sensitive and exposed if a pollution should occur. We finally concluded that two areas were particularly vulnerable: the marginal sea ice zone in the northern Barents sea that supports large part of the phytoplanktonic ecosystem, source of the food chain. Due to the intensity and very short timing of the phytoplanktonic bloom in that area, a pollution could have serious consequences there. Important exchange of water masses and ice, potentially contaminated, occur in the southeastern part of the Barents sea, which constitute a large refuge for marine mammals and migratory birds. Concerns about oil and natural gas exploitation should lead future investigations to focus on monitoring of both areas
Guyot, Gwennolé. "Caractérisation des propriétés microphysiques des nuages et de l'interaction aérosol-nuage en Arctique à partir de mesures in-situ au sol pendant la campagne CLIMSLIP-NyA, Svalbard." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22699/document.
Full textThe arctic region is especially sensitive to climate change. At high latitudes, arctic clouds have an important effect on the surface radiative budget. The first part of this work consists in a ground based cloud instrumentation intercomparison in the PUY station in May 2013. The measurements showed a good correlation between the effective diameters and the droplet size distributions obtained by the instruments, but with a systematical bias on the concentrations. These biases have been relied to the assessment of the sampling volume and we thus proposed a methodology to standardize the data according to an ensemble of particles probe. Moreover, the FSSP and the FM have been the subject of experiments to assess the influence of the deflection angle according to exterior wind and the wind speed. The second part of this work is about the measurement campaign at the Mount-Zeppelin station, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, from March to May 2012 in the frame of the CLIMSLIP project. A comparison has been performed between a « polluted » case, with air masses coming from East Asia and Europe, and a « clean » case, where the aerosol sources are predominantly local and do not exceed the northern Europe. The results showed that the polluted case possessed higher concentrations in BC, aerosols and drops, an accumulation mode more important, weaker droplet diameters and higher activation fraction. Finally, the first and second aerosol indirect effects have been quantified
Vié, Marine. "Pour ne pas perdre le Nord : vers une protection efficace du milieu marin arctique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19414.
Full textThe Arctic is currently facing significant environmental threats. Yet, because of its particular precariousness, those threats will possibly impact its ecosystem and local communities. As those problems are posing unique management challenges, some solutions have been put in place, but are not really effective. In order to protect the arctic marine environment, several hard law and soft law instruments have been set at the international, regional, subregional, bilateral and national scales, but they are all facing serious shortcomings. The question of arctic marine environmental governance has therefore become inevitable in addressing those issues. The needs to protect the arctic marine environment, its ecosystem and inhabitants and the economic imperatives of resources exploitation and economic growth have to be balanced. Thus, arctic marine environmental protection has to (1) put forth an instrument with more implementation and conformity mechanisms, with more flexibility, more precision and depth, and more transparence and accountability; (2) be thought in terms of continuum and synergies of the different levels of governance instead of approaching them separately; (3) put forward an international regimes complex; (4) include a plethora of actors in the governance system and (5) establish marine protected areas that recognize the concepts of ecosystem-based management and respect some environmental principles. In this way, equilibrium between environmental, social and economical needs and effectiveness in governance will be reached.
Books on the topic "Pollution – Arctique"
Hauglustaine, Didier. Atmosphère, atmosphère: [exposition, Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, 28 octobre 2008-30 avril 2009]. Paris: Éd. le Pommier, 2008.
Find full textCanada. Parliament. House of Commons. Legislative Committee on Bill C-75. Minutes of proceedings and evidence of the Legislative Committee on Bill C-75, an act to amend the Canada Shipping Act and to amend the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, the Maritime Code Act and the Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Act in consequence thereof =: Procés-verbaux et témoignages du Comité législatif sur le Projet de loi C-75, Loi modifiant la Loi sur la marine marchande du Canada et, en conséquence, la Loi sur la prévention de la pollution des eaux arctiques, la Loi sur le Code maritime et la Loi sur la production et la conservation du pétrole et du gaz. --. Ottawa [Ont.]: Published under authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons by the Queen's Printer for Canada, 1986.
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