Academic literature on the topic 'Pollution atmosphérique – Prévision'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pollution atmosphérique – Prévision":
Nedellec, V., L. Mosqueron, H. Desqueyroux, J. Nicolas, G. Bruno, and C. Liousse. "P43 - Impact de la pollution atmosphérique due au trafic routier sur la santé des enfants urbains en France : situation en 2000 et prévision pour 2010." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 53, no. 4 (September 2005): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0398-7620(05)84665-6.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pollution atmosphérique – Prévision":
Yahi, Houda. "Méthodologie de prévision de la pollution atmosphérique particulaire : vers une télédétection satellitaire." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0260.
We present a methodology for retrieving atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) from sun-sky photometer measurements (AOT). As PM10 are “surface parameters” and AOT are “integrated parameters”, the last and containing or not the first one, one needs to use a “functional relationship” between the two parameters. As these two parameters depend on atmospheric structure and meteorological parameters, we tried here to initiate a statistical approach, classified the meteorological situations in weather types using a neuronal classifier (Self organizing Map). For each weather type, a simple relationship can be estimated. We applied this methodology to the Lille region (France) for the summer 2003-2007. The good performances of the method led us to envisage the possibility of measuring the PM10 from satellite observations
BLOND, Nadège. "Assimilation de données photochimiques et prévision de la pollution troposphérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003337.
Les simulations de ce modèle ont été compaés avec des observations de surface et des données aéroportées de la campagne d'Etude et Simulation de la QUalité de l'Air en Ile-de-France (ESQUIF) à l'échelle européenne et régionale. Cette comparaison a permis ainsi de quantifier l'erreur globale commise sur les concentrations d'ozone et de son précurseur, le dioxyde d'azote. Différentes méthodes (Interpolation Statistique, Krigeage) ont été testées et adaptées au cas de la pollution dans le but de corriger cette erreur. Elles ont été comparées et validées de manière objective. Il a été montré que la combinaison des observations de surface et des simulations du modèle permet d'obtenir efficacement des cartes tridimensionnelles (i.e. des analyses) de concentration des deux polluants, plus réalistes que les simulations brutes.
Les expériences menées depuis trois ans dans le cadre du projet PIONEER (Prévisibilité et Incertitude de l'Ozone à l'échelle Européenne et Régionale) montrent que l'erreur de prévision peut éventuellement se propager d'une région vers une autre. Les analyses des concentrations d'ozone, produites à l'échelle européenne ont été également utilisées pour réinitialiser le modèle de prévision. L'objectif était alors de savoir s'il est possible d'améliorer aussi les prévisions à court termes en utilisant de meilleurs états initiaux que les prévisions de la veille.
Blond, Nadège Martine. "Assimiliation de données photochimiques et prévision de la pollution troposphérique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0043.
Tamas, Wani Théo. "Prévision statistique de la qualité de l’air et d’épisodes de pollution atmosphérique en Corse." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0010/document.
The objective of this doctoral work is to develop a forecasting model able to correctly predict next day pollutant concentrations in Corsica. We focused on PM10 and ozone, the two most problematic pollutants in the island. The model had to correspond to the constraints of an operational use in a small structure like Qualitair Corse, the local air quality monitoring association.The prediction was performed using artificial neural networks. These statistical models offer a great precision while requiring few computing resources. We chose the MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP), with input data coming from pollutants measurements, meteorological measurements, chemical transport model (CHIMERE via AIRES platform) and numerical weather prediction model (AROME).The configuration of the MLP was optimized prior to machine learning, in accordance with the principle of parsimony. To improve forecasting performances, we led a feature selection study. We compared the use of genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and principal component analysis to optimize the choice of input variables. The pruning of the MLP was also implemented.Then we proposed a new type of hybrid model, combination of a classification model and various MLPs, each specialized on a specific weather pattern. These models, which need large learning datasets, allow an improvement of the forecasting for extreme and rare values, corresponding to pollution peaks. We led unsupervised classification with self organizing maps coupled with k-means algorithm, and with hierarchical ascendant classification. Sensitivity analysis was led with ROC curves.We developed the application “Aria Base” running with Matlab and its Neural Network Toolbox, able to manage our datasets, to lead rigorously the experiments and to create operational models.We also developed the application “Aria Web” to be used daily by Qualitair Corse. It is able to lead automatically the prevision with MLP, and to synthesize forecasting information provided by other organizations and available on the Internet
Peton, Nicolas. "Méthode du groupement par soustraction pour l'identification de modèle flou : amélioration et application à la prévision de la polution atmosphérique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20158.
Elguero, Eric. "Estimation de densité par directions révélatrices : une application aux alertes de pollution atmosphérique." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20232.
Fischer, Laurent. "Etude de paramètres climatiques pertinents en vue de l'amélioration de la prévision des pointes de pollution par l'ozone dans l'agglomération de Strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO7.
Falgayrac, Guillaume. "Physico-chimie de micro particules pour la prévision de la spéciation du plomb, du zinc et du cadmium dans des aérosols de pollution atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282871.
Coman, Adriana. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine à partir d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647761.
Nishio, Yoshiyuki. "Challenges in applying the PSPG/SUPG Finite element method to the atmosphéric boundary layer." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS017.
In the context of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) application for the Belgian Defense, the original objective of the work was to simulate a realistic open-air CBRN case (e.g. dispersion after an explosion of particles in a city), by applying the Streamline-Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization on a nite element method (FEM), together with a second phase (i.e. particles). This would be done through the code Cool uid 3, a Domain Speci c Language (DSL) written in C++.However, open-air applications requires to describe the atmospheric bound-ary layer (ABL) correctly. This has never been done using stabilized FEM. Consequently, the challenge of this work is to answer the simple question: How to model an ABL taking advantage of the SUPG stabilization method.To reduce the number of elements produced by a wall-resolved simulation, the ABL was implemented with a wall model and veri ed in 2D, while a few corrections (e.g. grid scalability, stable velocity pro le) could also be adressed.However, the 3D implementation revealed spurious oscillations, suggesting a numerical origin. Although SUPG does provide dissipation, it seemed not su cient enough for such a high Reynolds ow. Consequently, two directions were followed to add numerical dissipation: Firstly, the implementation of an extended version of the SUPG, the Variational MultiScale method (VMS), was initiated. The latter provides a combined framework for stabilization and turbulence modeling. Secondly, two LES formulations, known for their dissipative behavior, were integrated.Having solved the spurious oscillations, the velocity pro le was analyzed. Eventually, the viscous Reynolds number for the ABL domain was reduced to enable the comparison with an available DNS result. Fortunately, rela-tive to the standard no-slip wall condition and to the friction velocity condi-tion, the wall model implementation provided the best result, although not matching.In conclusion, we ascertained two methodologies (LES and SUPG / VMS) that have the potential to approach the ABL ow. The stabilized FEM using SUPG revealed that it is currently not su cient to avoid spurious oscillations in the case of an ABL ow. In contrast, LES provided encouraging results for reduced Reynolds number, supporting that some kind of turbulence model is indispensable. This emphasizes that the implementation of VMS should be promising, although challenging
Books on the topic "Pollution atmosphérique – Prévision":
Canada. Government of Canada five-year progress report: Canada-wide standards for particulate matter and ozone. [Ottawa]: Govt. of Canada, 2007.
Canada. Government of Canada five-year progress report: Canada-wide standards for particulate matter and ozone. Ottawa: Govt. of Canada, 2006.
Canada. Government of Canada five-year progress report: Canada-wide standards for particulate matter and ozone. [Ottawa]: Govt. of Canada, 2007.