Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pollution de l'eau – Rhin, Bassin du'
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Saulnier, Jérôme. "Les instruments économiques de régulation pour la gestion qualitative de la ressource en eau : Quelle place pour les permis négociables et la taxe-subvention ? : une application au bassin rhénan." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21043.
Full textTradable emission permits have long been considered by economists as a cost effective alternative to a traditional command and control regulation system. However, despite their theoretical advantages and their recent implementation in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol, TEP are still somewhat unfamiliar to most decision-makers in Europe. Moreover, they have rarely been considered as a suitable tool for surface water quality management. The major focus of this research was therefore, to determine if there would be a benefit to introduce a system of tradable emission permits for water quality management in Europe. The analysis has taken place in a partial equilibrium context where the regulator is only driven by its sole interest. The results confirm that TEP could indeed be used as a cost effective alternative. However, institutional factors linked to the integration of the instrument in the existing regulatory framework would significantly reduce their overall efficiency. The calculations, carried out for the Rhine basin, indicate that overall the cost savings could reach 28% with tradable emission permits, against 40% for a theoretical least cost solution. The implementation of a taxes-subsidies system would bring the same amount of cost savings (28%). Taxes-subsidies systems being already used in the European water quality regulatory framework, we conclude that it is likely that the authorities will pursue towards increasing their efficiency rather than moving radically towards the introduction of tradable emission permits
Destandau, François. "Régulation de la pollution de l'eau par une redevance spatialisée." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40050.
Full textLarno, Valérie. "Réponses génétiques et physiologiques de populations de Chevaine (Leuciscus cephalus) à la contamination chimique dans le bassin du Rhône." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10241.
Full textMaison, Philippe. "Un modèle hydrologique de suivi de la pollution diffuse en bassin versant : approche mécaniste simplifiée de la zone non saturée." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT009H.
Full textLaurent, François. "Agriculture et pollution de l'eau : modélisation des processus et analyse des dynamiques territoriales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773259.
Full textBenabderrahmane, Abdelhakim. "Simulation numérique de la pollution saline d'un système aquifère dans une région semi-aride à aride : exemple du bassin de M'Sila (Hodna, Algérie)." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2002.
Full textOumedjbeur, Abdelkrim. "Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux du bassin versant du barrage de Guenitra (wilaya de Skikda, Algérie)." Chambéry, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CHAMS001.
Full textZeru, Allelign. "Numerical investigations on the inversion of pumped concentrations for groundwater pollution quantification." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/ZERU_Allelign_2004.pdf.
Full textMessaoud, Nacer Nasreddine. "Hydrogéologie et pollution des eaux : exemple du bassin versant du Mazafran, Mitidja (Algérie)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783549.
Full textScholtus, Marie. "Construction d'un indicateur de qualité des eaux de surface vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires à l'échelle du bassin versant viticole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_THIOLLET-SCHOLTUS_M.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of surface water quality is mainly due to intensive agricultural practices. The main goal of this PhD program is to construct a watershed decision aid tool from a field decision aid tool which already exists. I-PhyField is calculated in 2 experimental French watersheds (Chablis, Rouffach). The adaptation proposed for the I-Phy indicator is to add a module which accounts for the distance between field and outlet and characteristics of the runoff water way : field connectivity index" (Ci). Ci index deals with factors outlying the field of study which may influence pesticide runoff and also, hydrological characteristics of the water way between the field and the watershed outlet. Ci index and I-Phy-BV indicator were calculated and validated for the 2 vineyard watersheds. Further research is needed for the validation
Sun, Xiaoling. "Modélisation des échanges nappe-rivière et du processus de dénitrification dans les plaines alluviales à l'échelle du bassin versant." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30140.
Full textNitrate pollution in surface water and groundwater systems has attracted worldwide attention in recent decades. Recharged groundwater infiltrating through cultivated fields is an important source of the nitrate contamination of surface water. As alluvial plains support intensive agricultural activities, they often suffer from groundwater nitrate pollution. The exchanges between surface water and groundwater (SW-GW) were proved contributing to nitrate retention and/or transformation in the land-surface water continuum. The understanding and quantifying of nitrate attenuation processes occurring at the surface-groundwater interface would enhance understanding of nitrogen cycling at the catchment scale. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) quantifying the exchanged SW-GW volume in the floodplain area at the catchment scale and 2) quantifying the shallow aquifer denitrification rate in the floodplain area at the catchment scale and evaluating its influence on the nitrate flux in the river. Field sampling and modelling study were conducted to achieve these objectives. Monthly field work campaigns were carried out from April 2013 to March 2014 at the Monbéqui site in the Garonne river floodplain. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) which has been successfully applied all over the world was chosen to simulate the hydrologic processes and nitrogen cycle. However, the simulation of the water exchange between river and groundwater occurring in the floodplain area was not simulated in the original SWAT model. Firstly, the Darcy's equation was implemented to simulate SW-GW exchanges based on the Landscape Unit (LU) structure in the floodplain area. The influence of flooding on the water exchange was also introduced to the model. The modified model was called SWAT-LUD and was applied to a meander of Garonne floodplain - Monbéqui (around 25 km2). Then, another module representing the denitrification processes in the floodplain shallow aquifer was developed and added to the SWAT-LUD model. The nitrate flux and shallow aquifer denitrification rates in Monbéqui was then quantified. Afterwards, the SWAT-LUD model was applied to the middle floodplain section of the Garonne River (around 4 600 km2) and the influence of shallow aquifer denitrification on the nitrate flux in the river was quantified. Lastly, the model was applied to the entire Garonne catchment (around 51 500 km2) and the hydrologic influence of SW-GW exchanges was evaluated. The results showed that the SWAT-LUD model could satisfactorily represent the SW-GW exchanges and shallow aquifer denitrification rate at different spatial scales. The main water flow direction is from the shallow aquifer to the river, with water flowing in this direction accounted for around 65% of the total exchanged water volume. In the Garonne catchment, the annual total exchanged water volume represented around 5% of the total discharge volume of the Garonne river. For the Monbéqui site, the simulated annual denitrification rate in the riparian zone was around 130 kg N-NO3-ha-1y-1. Around 40% of the nitrate input in this zone was degraded through denitrification. In the middle floodplain section, the annual denitrification rate in the near bank zone ranges from 55 to 120 kg N-NO3-ha-1y-1
Meca, Ingrid. "Le régime financier de l'eau en France : du droit de l'environnement au droit du développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10030.
Full textLe, Nang Dinh. "Relations entre la variabilité de la pollution urbaine et le contexte socio-culturel du bassin de collecte." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0173/document.
Full textThe variation of urban pollution related to human activity depends on several spatial and temporal scales: daily, weekly, annual, multi-year. To develop a model predicting this variations, different tools are used including demographic characteristics (age, sex, income), on the basis of cadastral data and aerial photographs and sampling campaigns on 24h. The use of these tools is illustrated with the example of the Urban area of Nancy. The results of sampling campaigns in three different catchments (semi-rural village, residential area, and residential area with large hospital) are discussed, considering its relation with the human activities (day versus night, meals, laundry). Better anticipating the variability of pollution which arrived to the wastewater treatment plant would improve their management and therefore their performances. These measurements also allowed a better understanding of the variability of some micropollutants such as heavy metals. The daily variation pattern in the big city is less marked than rural communities. This variability is probably related to the contributions of professional activities on different sites. It depends on the modification of the collection network, lifestyle, demographics on the water catchment, in terms of spatial distribution and age class in the studied area. The macropollution (C, N-NH4, P) and metal micropollution (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al) were considered. Pollution peaks were observed: For residential areas, the first peak corresponds to human activity in the morning (around 10:00) before leaving home to work, the second peak corresponds to the activities at the time of returning home (around 20:00) after a day's work. We did not find a proper scheme for mixed zones (residential with commercial, industrial and hospital activities). Variations in flow and composition of the wastewater reproduce very well the human cycle, taking into account modifications in population, information on land use and daily journeys between home and work in the studied sites
Brun, Alexandre. "Les politiques territoriales de l'eau en France : le cas des contrats de rivière dans le bassin versant de la Saône." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000554.
Full textHissler, Christophe. "Dynamique et bilan des flux de mercure dissous et particulaire dans un hydrosystème anthropisé : Cas du bassin versant de la Thur (Sud du massif Vosgien)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13115.
Full textTo have a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of Mercury within the continental ecosystems and to estimate the impact of a local industrial source in the Mercury contamination, we began to study the dynamic and the budget of the Mercury fluxes in the Thur River valley located in the South of the Vosges Mountains. We realize for the first time an inventory of the Mercury contamination upstream to any anthropogenic source. The analyzes of the total Mercury content in the various compartments of the aquatic environment (water, suspended load, sediments) during one hydrological year allow us then to evaluate the annual average budget of the pollutant transfers and to determine the main processes which control its behavior between the different phases in the river. The results show that, in spite of an important atmospheric contamination over the upper part of the valley, the Mercury fluxes dicharged by the small upper tributaries are negligible compared to the anthropogenic effluents. The hydrological conditions and the chemical composition of waters (DOC, Chlorides, pH) control the distribution of the Mercury between dissolved and particulate phases in the river waters. Finally, the residence time of the pollutant in the main channel is wlow and 97 % of the Mercury released by the industrial effluent is exported at the outlet of the Thur Basin toward the floodable zones of the Alsatian plain. The rest of the Mercury is trapped in sediments of the river and can join the atmosphere in area where the méthylation processes can occur
Molenat, Jérôme. "Rôle de la nappe sur les transferts d'eau et de nitrate dans un bassin versant agricole : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN1A004.
Full textAgricultural non-point-source pollution is a major source of sanitary and environmental water quality problems. Control requires a detailed knowledge, at all time scales, of pollutant transfer in surface and subsurface runoff. This thesis aims to establish transfer times for nitrate in a simple catchment, through an understanding of the reservoirs and mechanisms responsible for seasonal and multi-annual variations in river nitrate levels. The hydrological dynamics of three agricultural catchments (Kervidy, Mélarchez and Mercube) have been studied from measurements of total rainfall and discharge. An existing method based on sepectral analysis of time series has been further developed to sperate groundwater and storm discharge contributions. This analysis provides the parameters for a groundwater model, which has been extended to model nitrate transfer. A catchment experiment has been set up at Kervidy (Morbihan, Brittany). Piezometers, installed along three slope catenas, monitor water level and sample the concentration of nitrate, sulphate and chloride in the groundwater. These measurements have been used to identify the water table dynamics and chemistry. Seasonal variations in nitrate pathways have been interpreted from the analysis of these data. The field study has also been used to set up a distributed numerical model for groundwater behaviour in the Kervidy catchment
Bannerman, William Karikari. "Spéciation et distribution du mercure et de l'arsenic dans le bassin de la rivière Ankobra (Ghana) : Impact des mines d'or." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3007.
Full textGold has been mined in the Ankobra river basin of Ghana for centuries. These activities emit mercury and arsenic whose impacts could be deleterious to the basin's ecosystem and the human population. To assess these impacts, mercury and arsenic were analysed in water, bed and suspended sediments, soils, edible vegetables and fish collected from the basin. Tota concentration and speciation analysis were done by single and hyphenated techniques of chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. High levels of mercury and arsenic were found in the proximities of the mining zones. The two elements are transported mainly in the aqueous phase of the river and they showed seasonal variation in both water and sediments. Detectable methylmercury in sediment averaged 1% of the total. Arsenic species detected in water and sediments were the inorganic forms. The sediments and fish were significantly contaminated in mercury
Ste-Marie, Alexandre. "Modélisation des exportations de sédiments et de nutriments dans le bassin versant de la rivière Tomifobia dans un contexte de changements climatiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9552.
Full textBernard-Michel, Caroline. "Indicateurs géostatistiques de la pollution dans les cours d’eau." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1367.
Full textIn order to assess river quality, different parameters such as nutrients concentrations are measured in different monitoring stations, setting up a very important but heterogeneous database. The French evaluation system of water quality recommends to summarize the information contained in these measurements by a few statistical indicators such as the annual mean of concentrations or the 90% quantile. They are estimated using the classical statistical inference based on hypothesis proved to be incorrect: time correlations and seasonal variations are ignored. Actually, in France, nitrate concentrations are generally higher in winter. Biases and confidence intervals can be reduced by kriging or segments of influence and a linear interpolation of the empirical quantile is proposed. Methods are analysed theoretically and experimentally on the Loire Bretagne basin. Estimating indicators along a stream network then requires specific models of random functions because usual covariance models are no longer valid on such structures. We propose a global model of random functions along a tree graph introducing the concept of “elementary thin streams”, defined by the whole set of paths between sources and outlet. At each point of the network, the river is considered to be the linear combination of these streams on which one dimensional stationary random functions are defined. An application to water discharge on the Moselle Basin (north-east of France) is presented
Moussa, Haidar Chaden. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin supérieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche hydrogéochimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0295/document.
Full textLebanon has abundant water, but its river is polluted. The Litani River is the largest one, draining from north to south in the central core of the country (Bekaa Valley) before turning west to the sea. It crosses down a rather deep valley and passes by several urban agglomerations and industrial zones, which use its water as a discharge system of their waste. This study shows the impact of the anthropic activities on the water quality of this river. Physical (pH, T°, TDS, Ec), chemical (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl?, SO2?4, NH3+, NO?3, PO2?4, K+, BOD5 and COD), heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, Al, Ba, Pb, Mn) and microbiological parameters of water quality assessment and sediment for the Upper Litani River Basin was performed. They were investigated during three seasons of rainy, mid-rainy spring and wet season, during the years 2010-2013 to determine correlation between chosen chemical water parameters and bottom sediments parameters. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses are performed in accordance International methods (e.g. European Standard Methods, WHO). In addition, Multivariate statistical methods (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis: HCA, and Principal Component Analysis: PCA) and Pearson’s correlation were applied to figure out the influence of pollutants disposal in the Lake and the River as well. Sediments were characterized by a set of chemical analyses, cations exchange capacity, mineralogical X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To assess metal contamination in sediments, Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines of Wisconsin (CBSQG) were applied. The metals contamination in the sediments was also evaluated by contamination factor (Cf), and the results showed that the effect of seasonal variations was important in the Upper Litani River Basin and the degree of contamination was increased in dry season. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range and some site was highly polluted and contaminated
Bouilly, Karine. "Impact de facteurs environnementaux sur l'aneuploïdie chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, dans le bassin de Marennes-Oléron." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS126.
Full textThe impact of environmental factors on aneuploidy level in the oyster Crassostrea gigas was studied with experiments in controlled conditions which exposed adult and juvenile oysters to different pollutants (atrazine, a herbicide, and cadmium, a heavy metal) frequently found in Marennes-Oléron Bay. A positive correlation between atrazine concentration and aneuploidy in C. Gigas was observed. Moreover, the impact of atrazine on aneuploidy level persisted in time both within and between generations, demonstrating the influence of an environmental pollution on this phenomenon. On the other hand, the aneuploidy level of C. Gigas was not influenced at the cadmium concentrations tested. Significant differences in aneuploidy levels were observed in oysters originating from the same families on different sites, and in wild oysters collected over time, suggesting that both site and season affect aneuploidy
Picouet, Cécile. "Géodynamique d'un hydrosystème tropical peu anthropisé : le bassin supérieur du Niger et son delta inférieur." Montpellier 2, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006189.
Full textBarbier, Lucie. "Dynamique des flux de fondants routiers et influence sur la pollution routière au sein d’un bassin de rétention-décantation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0031/document.
Full textIn severe winter conditions, the application of deicer salts (mainly sodium chloride -NaCl) ensures the safety of network users. However, its spreading carries contamination risks of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. On the road, Na+ and Cl- are transported by runoff water to retention-decantation ponds. These ponds do not have the capacity to efficiently treat this flux of deicer salts in dissolved form. In addition, they allow the modification of water and soil chemistry, generating the mobility of metallic pollutants. The objective of this thesis is to study the deicer salt transfer and to determine its role in the release of pollutants during winter. The characteristics of the pond located in Azerailles (Lorraine, France) on a medium-frequented national road were studied, as well as the weather and salting conditions, the composition of the suspended matters and the concentration of traces metals. The results highlighted that between 50 and 90 % of Cl- was collected by the pond. The pond acts as a buffer which allows a release of the collected Cl- diluted during the runoff period following the salting period. The presence of NaCl in runoff water reduced the quality of suspended solids with the presence of organic markers of road pollution and the increase of zinc. It also influenced the increase of zinc in water, the chemical composition and the speciation of elements
Salerno, Caldera Claudia. "Le régime juridique du bassin de l'Orénoque dans le cadre du droit international de l'environnement." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020031.
Full textSébastian, Christel. "Bassin de retenue des eaux pluviales en milieu urbain : performance en matière de piégeage des micropolluants." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961211.
Full textPolard, Audrey. "Un contrôle efficient des émissions d'azote et de phosphore dans le bassin de l'Escaut: analyse critique de la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE) et de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209638.
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Although reducing the load of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems is usually looked at through "effects-based" approaches, this is not the context which this paper has chosen to follow. In fact, keeping in line with sustainable development, it seems more relevant to define measures to control pollution which act on cause and effect relations. According to this way of thinking, the methodology proposed by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) to protect aquatic ecosystems presents a number of weaknesses. By the fact that it refers to certain standard economic principles for the environment, the WFD’s economic analysis poses several problems towards acting on the cause of the pollution. Nevertheless, the methodology proposed by the WFD is relevant, as it recommends the combined use of technical measures and of instruments to reduce environmental damage. In accordance with this disposition, an assessment has been made of the effect of technical measures and instruments on the agricultural sector and on the food chain encompassing it, since the food chain is responsible for the majority of diffuse and point emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters. The definition of technical measures in terms of efficient use of nutrients (Nutrient Use Efficiency, NUE) in agricultural production has been complemented by a study of economic instruments used in the Common Agricultural Politicy (CAP) to develop a multifunctional type of agriculture. Although the paper deals with the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems in a general way, it concentrates particularly on the increasing pressures in the Scheldt basin and on their impacts as far as the North Sea coastal zone. Technical measures acting on the causes of diffuse emissions in the agricultural sector and on point emissions in the water treatment plants have been proposed for this basin. These technical measures have been categorised in order of priority according to their environmental effectiveness (thanks to the Sénèque-Riverstrahler et MIRO models) and depending on their direct costs.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sebastian, Christel. "Bassin de retenue des eaux pluviales en milieu urbain : performance en matière de piégeage des micropolluants." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0129/document.
Full textDetention basins are at stake in urban stormwater discharges (USWD) management strategies. If well designed, they are not only used to mitigate stormwater flood impacts but also to trap metals and hydrocarbon compounds strongly bounded to total suspended solids (TSS). An experimental monitoring, in the framework the Field Observatory on Urban Hydrology (OTHU), was developed on a large dry detention basin located at the outlet of a catchment drained by a separate stormwater system. This basin presents a rather classical and current configuration.A sum of 100 substances was studied: 22 metals (ETM), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 2 alkylphenols (AP), 5 ethoxylate alkylphenols (APEO), Bisphénol A, 9 polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) and 45 pesticides. They were analyzed in both dissolved and particulate phases in water at the inlet and outlet of the device. 67% of MP studied was detected at least once at the inlet or outlet. Event mean concentrations were in the same range as literature data when available and showed an important variability.Event mass efficiency (EME) in trapping MP was assessed by different methods taking account for global uncertainties. Acceptable efficiency was found for most of ETM and PAH and in a lesser extent for PBDE and APEO on a limited number of campaign. The detention basin had only a positive impact on alkylphenols (4-Tert-Octylphenol and 4-Nonylphenol) for one campaign out 5. Negative values for 7 pesticides (among 15 detected) indicated possible pollutant release. Accumulated sediments study showed high MP concentrations in particular for metals, PAH, 4-Nonylphenol, BDE209 and Diuron. Lastly, different levels of models were tested to try to identify relevant ones for further work
Boudesocque, Stéphanie. "Etude de la rétention du terbuméton et de son principal métabolite le terbuméton déséthyl dans les sols du bassin versant de la Vesle. Influence de la présence du cuivre(II). Application à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS025.
Full textThese works take place in the frame of the AQUAL project, a multi-field research program that aims at improving the quality of the water in the basin of the river Vesle. Our contribution to this program is twofold: to understand the mechanisms by which contaminants transfer from the soil to the aquifers and to reduce these transfers. The studied molecules are the terbumeton, a vineyard weed killer, and its main metabolite, the terbumeton desethyl. Indeed, the regular presence of these molecules in the water sources of the city of Reims raises some issues regarding the potable water resources. Thus, retention studies were undertaken on five soil samples which are representative of the Vesle basin: two samples from a naked vineyard soil, one sample from an under-bark vineyard soil, one sample from an under-grass vineyard soil and one sample from a field crop soil. We also studied the influence of copper(II) whose origin can be natural or anthropic. Before completing the sorption studies, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils. Both the under-grass vineyard soil and the field crop soil are rich in limestone and poor in clay whereas both the naked vineyard soil and the under-bark vineyard soil are rich in clay and poor in limestone. The retention of pesticides depends on the nature, the composition and the degree of vegetal cover of the soils. Besides, the presence of copper(II) has an influence on the retention of pesticides. In the part of our works dedicated to the reduction of the transfers, we performed, together with the company ARD (Pomacle, Marne), some adsorption experiments with the terbumeton and the terbumeton desethyl on a lignocellulosic substrate (LS). This biomaterial, extracted from wheat bran, can be used in place of activated carbon in order to clean up media contaminated by pesticides. Indeed, the retention capacities of the LS towards pesticides are very satisfactory, as well under a batch experimental process as under a column one
Duchesne, Cyrille. "Impacts des activités humaines sur le milieu naturel d'une zone centrale du bassin minier Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50377-1999-7.pdf.
Full textAbdalla, Iskandar Boctor Christine. "Le développement durable et le droit de l'environnement : La sécurité nationale hydraulique au Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0301/document.
Full textThe concept of National Hydraulic Security (NHS) is the result of changing the concept ofsecurity from military security to multi-faceted security. The traditional method of managing thisnational hydraulic security is a way hydraulic unsustainable. The National Hydraulic Securityneeds to know a new hydraulic evolution that takes into account not only the qualitatif andquantitatif challenges but also the environmental challenges. A version of this sustainablenational hydraulic security interest to the hydraulic common interests of all riparian countries ofthe three rivers: Nile, Jordan, Tigris and Euphrates. In addition, the concept of SustainableDevelopment must grow significantly to obtain a hydraulic sustainable management of theNational Hydraulic Security
Delage, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale des effets des conditions environnementales (température, oxygène, polluants) sur la survie, le développement et le comportement des stades embryo-larvaires d'esturgeon européen, Acipenser sturio." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0115/document.
Full textThe European sturgeon Acipenser sturio is a diadromous species which has exibited a drastic decline during the 20th century. Its last population lives in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne (GGD) catchment where the last documented reproduction occured in 1994. Individuals released in the context of restocking actions are expected to re-enter the system for reproduction in the next few years. Because of global changes and human activity evolution, environmental conditions have changed from the last reproduction. Improved knowledge on the sensitivity of the European sturgeon to temperature, dissolved oxygen and pollutant is required to evaluate its capacities to recolonize the GGD catchment. Sentivity to present and future, considering global changes, oxygen and temperature conditions were evaluated as well as quality of the substratum of potential spawning grounds. The sensitivity of the early stages toward a mix of pollutants found in the GGD catchment was evaluated. Results obtained show a high sensitivity of the young stages of this species to oxygen concentration. Thermal optimum, optimal and critical tolerance windows were determined. Sensitivity to pollutants mixtures found in the GGD was relatively low. Dordogne river substratum was globally more toxic than Garonne river substratum. Beauregard and Pessac-sur-Dordogne were tested respectively as the best and the worst potential spawning ground for the development of the European sturgeon early stages according to their toxicological effects. Current conditions in the GGD catchment seems to be sustainable for European sturgeon early stages. Data from this study would be useful for further restocking programs in the historical european sturgeon reproduction area
Gosselin, Philippe. "La gestion intégrée de l'eau est-elle vraiment intégrée au Québec? : une synthèse des connaissances et une évaluation du concept d'intégration dans la GIEBV québécoise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40072.
Full textViaud, Valérie. "Organisation spatiale des paysages bocagers et flux d'eau et de nutriments : Approche empirique et modélisations." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARD041.
Full textFerrant, Sylvain. "Modélisation agro-hydrologique des transferts de nitrates à l'échelle des bassins versants agricoles gascons." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/779/.
Full textThe present work aimed to assess nitrogen trasfer and transformation in stream of agricultural catchment of Gascogne region, in order to evaluate agricultural practices change to decrease nitrate river contamination. A continuous in situ sampling protocol was used at the outlet of the small agricultural catchment in Auradé (3. 3 km2 in Gers district, South-West of France) to measure the fine temporal variation of nitrate concentration. Infra-daily high variations of concentrations have been observed during flood events, the high concentrations explain a significative part of annual nitrogen loads during these hydrological events. The spatially, physically based modelling approach of the Auradé catchment has then been used to evaluate water and nitrogen balance at the small catchment scale. Two catchment models have been chosen : TNT2, whitch is fully distributed and developped for small catchment with shallow groundwater, and SWAT, semi-distributed and developped for larger catchment. The use of both models permits to : - show that both of them failed to simulate accurately the daily nitrogen losses intensity in river observed during flood events, even if modelling approach of SWAT is more adapted to simulate processes involved - simulate a same global water and nitrogen balance with opposing simulated processes - show the main influence of mineralisation and denitrification dynamic simulated to conclued on ability of models to represent reality. TNT2 has been evaluated to be more adapted to simulate agricultural changes designed or already implemented in Auradé catchment. Results of this virtual experimentation show that agricultural changes already implemented would have decresed for 16% the annual nitrogen losses, and that if catch crop had been implemented, nitrogen losses would have decrease of 18% more. SWAT has after been calibrated at the larger scale of the Save catchment of 1110km2 whitch include Auradé catchment. The global parametrisation has been modified for the agro-pedological context of Auradé catchment, context area whitch represent 25% of the total Save catchment area. Major hydrological parameters calibrated on Auradé catchment has been used for calibrating this area. The increase of discharge prediction quality is significative and show the contribution of these areas to daily discharge at the Save catchment outletduring some rainy events. Predictions of water and nitrogen concentration may be improved in taking land cover spatialisation into account
Raux, Julie. "Transferts des contaminants organiques dans les bassins versants du Pays du Roumois et du Plateau du Neubourg." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731536.
Full textCladière, Mathieu. "Sources, transfert et devenir des alkylphénols et du bisphénol A dans le bassin amont de la Seine : cas de la région Île-de-France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1118/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on occurrence and fate of seven alkylphenols and bisphenol A (BPA) on a basin divided into a heavily urbanized part and a second part which underscore intense agricultural activities : the Seine River basin (Île-de-France Region). This study was divided into four different approaches. The first approach consists in studying the contamination of urban sources. To this end, the effluents of the five biggest wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of the IDF Region, combined sewer overflows (CSO), urban runoff and total atmospheric fallouts were considered. This study highlight that BPA mainly occurs in wet-weather urban sources (CSO and urban runoff) while WWTP effluents are dominated by the nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) which is a 4 nonylphenol (4 NP) precursor. The 4-NP was found in all investigated urban sources at level close to a hundred of nanogram per liter (ng.l-1). The second approach focuses on the assessment of contamination of natural matrices such as receiving surface water and soils at different scales. The first scale is the study of the Orgeval River basin which is representative of basins unpolluted by urban activities, while the second scale accounts the entire IDF region including the Parisian Metropolitan area. These two scales revealed the large spread of 4-NP to all investigated natural matrices within the Seine River basin. At the scale of the IDF Region, the influence of the Parisian Metropolitan Area was demonstrated on NP1EC and BPA concentrations within the Seine River. On a third step, the biodegradability of nonylphenolic compounds was investigated according to an innovative approach. The biodegradation rates were determined directly within the Seine River according to the ProSe model (Centre de Géoscience, école des Mines ParisTech) and specific sampling campaigns performed on the Seine River. The biodegradation rates found during this study disclosed high variabilities according to biological conditions of the Seine River. Actually, after an algal bloom, the biodegradation rates were found between 10 and 35 times higher than those established under common biological conditions. At last, the fluxes exported by the Seine River, at annually scale, were compared to those emitted by all investigated urban sources. At the scale of year 2010, fluxes of 4-NP and BPA emitted by all investigated urban sources are not predominant compared with those exported by the Seine River at the outlet of the Parisian Metropolitan Area. This result confirms the large spread of 4-NP and BPA at the scale of the entire IDF Region likely due to their important uses since the 1960's. This result also raises some questions about the origins of such fluxes found in Seine River and about the contamination of the upstream part.This thesis was performed within the framework of the PIREN-Seine and OPUR (Observatoire des Polluants URbains) research programs
Viavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textLauzent, Mathilde. "Etude de l’écodynamique des polluants organiques persistants et des micropolluants halogénés d’intérêt émergent dans les milieux aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0733/document.
Full textPCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), PBDEs (polybrominated biphenyl ethers) and OCPs (organochlorine pesticides) are anthropogenic compounds classified as POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants), their use was restricted or prohibited. These compounds are ubiquitous, persistent and bioaccumulative and they are still present in the environment; this is the reason why it is important to continue the study of the fate and impact in the environment. Due to their usage restriction, other compounds are now used to replace them, such as alternative flame retardants (RFAs). These brominated and chlorinated compounds have physicochemical properties comparable to those of POPs and can thus be potentially hazardous to the environment. In addition, RFAs are expected to occur at lower concentrations than PCBs and PBDEs, whether in the biotic and abiotic compartments. Thus, one of the challenges of the present work was to develop a multiresidue method, based on gas chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of 17 RFAs at levels below ng.g-1. The levels and patterns of POP and RFA contamination were reported in the biotic and abiotic compartments of selected hydrosystems. The biomagnification potential of these compounds was also studied by determining trophic magnification factors (TMF) in the Gironde estuary and in the Rhône basin. In the Gironde estuary, it was shown that some RFA biomagnify as much or more than some historical POPs. Furthermore, in the Rhône basin, the use of TMF for predictive purpose, for BDE-47 or ΣPBDEs-WFD for example, was discussed and found possible
Barrez, Frédéric. "Essais de caractérisation hydrochimique verticale de la nappe de la craie dans le secteur minier Carvin-Douai-Hénin Beaumont." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_304.pdf.
Full textRozmankova, Eliška. "Currently used pesticides and their mixtures : what are the risks to non-target aquatic organisms? Laboratory and in situ approaches." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0301.
Full textPesticides have enabled humankind to protect its crops from pests, intensifying thus the crop yields to sustain the growing population. However, pesticides often end up in aquatic water bodies, e.g. via field runoff, where they may harm non-target organisms. The environmental concentrations of pesticides are often considered safe for aquatic ecosystems although they might induce sublethal changes in exposed organisms. Moreover, the organisms are generally not dealing with only one pesticide issued from a nearby field but with a complex mixture of various chemical compounds, interacting amongst themselves, and creating a toxic cocktail with unknown and hardly predictable impacts. These compounds, each with different environmental fate, eventually degrade and form more or less toxic and persistent metabolites aggravating the complexity of the mixtures.This dissertation thesis summarizes the state-of-the-art in pesticide mixture toxicity research and is composed of five research articles dealing with sublethal effects of selected pesticides on non-target aquatic species. Vulnerable embryo-larval stages of two model organisms: freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio) and euryhaline bivalve Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) were used to assess the sublethal toxicity of especially environmental concentrations (detected in selected European water bodies) of commonly used herbicide S metolachlor with its two metabolites metolachlor oxanilic acid and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, insecticide imidacloprid, and fungicide propiconazole, alone and in a mixture. A complementary in situ approach was carried out to evaluate a real impact on early-life stages of the Pacific oyster in Arcachon Bay in France, a final recipient of various substances including pesticides from respective watersheds.First, zebrafish embryo-larval stages were observed to be highly sensitive to environmentally relevant concentrations of propiconazole and to a lesser extent also to imidacloprid. In contrast, S-metolachlor and its metabolites had almost no effect on their development, neurobehavioral functions, or gene expression except for altered genes implicated in the thyroid system. A mixture of these compounds exhibited a concentration addition effect on zebrafish development. These observations imply that the development of freshwater fish may be at risk with current agricultural practice.Second, a study with Pacific oyster embryos and larvae revealed very low toxicity of propiconazole and imidacloprid on their development and locomotion patterns. Few effects caused by these compounds were observed at the molecular level, as well as the effects caused by the mixture. The environmental concentration of the mixture induced developmental malformations in oyster larvae, however, those exposed in situ in Arcachon Bay did not show higher proportions of abnormal larvae suggesting that the water quality of Arcachon Bay is sufficient for oyster development. Nevertheless, oyster larvae exposed in the inner part of Arcachon Bay showed different gene expression levels than larvae from the reference site located near the ocean entrance, which may indicate consequences of a potential long term impact.These results documented that embryo-larval stages of zebrafish and Pacific oysters are relevant tools for the assessment of low concentrations of pesticides and pesticides in a mixture, and that laboratory studies complemented with field research are useful for (eco)toxicity assessment and of high ecological relevance
Mai, Huong. "Evaluation of the deleterious effects of heavy metals and pesticides on early life stages and gametes of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas : application to the pollution context of the Arcachon Bay." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053814.
Full textGamain, Perrine. "Impact des polluants et du changement climatique sur les capacités de reproduction et le développement embryo larvaire de l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas dans le Bassin d’Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0011/document.
Full textThe Pacific oyster represents an important part of the aquaculture production, with 555 913 tons produced in 2013. France is the fourth world producer of oysters and Crassostrea gigas is the principal cultivated species in the Arcachon bay. However, in recent years, problems of recruitment, capture and mortality of juvenile or adult oysters occurred. The increased frequency of these events can be indicative of changes in the global quality of the Arcachon bay. In this context of crisis, this work has been focused on the impact of two pollutants, copper and S-metolachlor, mostly found in the waters of the Arcachon bay, on D-larvae embryo-larval development of the Pacific oyster (24h post -fecundation). In a context of global climate change, a multifactorial approach was adopted to study the combined effects of pollutants and increase temperature or salinity changes that could affect the development and survival of embryos and larvae during reproduction season. First, the embryo-toxic effects of copper or S-metolachlor coupled to salinity or different temperatures were studied with oysters from hatchery. For this, the embryo-larval test was used, and its application limits specified. Secondly, the effects of pollutants combined or not to environmental temperature and salinity were analyzed on embryos from wild or cultivated oysters harvested directly on different sites of the Arcachon bay. The percentage of abnormalities and the differential expression levels of target genes were determined in larvae while the Cu and S-metolachlor bioaccumulation and the percentage of gonadal occupation were measured in genitors. These results were then compared to determine the ability of oyster from hatchery to represent an interesting alternative model to indigenous oysters. With the objective to study the impacts of climate change, somewhat more extreme conditions were tested, namely temperatures of 26 ° C, lower salinity of 24 u.s.i and higher concentrations of pollutants compared to current conditions in the lagoon. A software able to analyze swimming behavior of D-larvae was also developed. Our results indicate higher bioaccumulation of Cu and S-metolachlor in cultivated oysters compared to wild oysters. Furthermore this study clearly indicates that larvae from indigenous oysters (wild and cultivated) are sensitive to environmental concentrations of copper and S-metolachlor. However, it has been demonstrated that genes involved in various defense mechanisms are overexpressed with higher larval defense capacity of oysters under the influence of the tributaries but also wild oysters in comparison to cultivated oysters. In the presence of environmental concentrations of Cu or S-metolachlor, an increased erratic circular trajectory was found. In addition, larvae, although able to grow normally in a temperature range of 22 ° C to 26 ° C, are sensitive to the action of the combined high / low temperatures and pollutants. Similarly, they are sensitive to the combined effect of low salinity and exposure to pollutants. Oyster’s hatchery have proved to be a good alternative to the use of indigenous oysters. Finally, given the predictions of climate change, our results indicate that one can expect an increase in larval abnormalities and thus a decrease in the recruitment of spat in future years in the Arcachon bay
Azoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
Full textThis research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis
Trépanier, Samuel. "Caractérisation, modélisation et étude de la vulnérabilité de l'eau souterraine contaminée aux nitrates dans un sous-bassin de la vallée d'Annapolis (Nouvelle-Écosse)." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1919/1/M10686.pdf.
Full textGuindon, Alexandre. "Relations entre la dynamique des communautés de cyanobactéries et la toxicité de l'eau dans le bassin versant de la rivière Yamaska." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3393/1/M11494.pdf.
Full textDiallo, Alpha Mamadou. "Intégration des connaissances, pratiques et espèces indigènes dans la lutte contre les invasions biologiques et l'amélioration de la ressource en eau et de sa qualité : cas du bassin versant du barrage de Tinkisso et de sa forêt humide Sincéry-Ourssa à Dabola (Guinée Conakry)." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1533/1/D1731.pdf.
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