Dissertations / Theses: 'Pollution point sources'

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Taylor, Michael A. "Tradable permit markets for the control of point and nonpoint sources of water pollution technology-based collective performance-based approaches /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1059077005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 465 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Allan Randall, Interdisciplinary Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-165).

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Cziesch, Jarrett. "An Introduction to Identifying Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution Using a Modified Land Use Conflict Analysis Identification Strategy (LUCIS) Model, Non-point Source Identification Strategy: NPSIS." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/576109.

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This paper examines the Non-Point Source Identification Strategy (NPSIS); a modification of the Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS): NPSIS is a raster model useful for identifying non-point sources of water pollution from three known contributors (agriculture, domestic, and natural background). By using a standard operating procedure, developers are able to create standardized datasets useful for identifying non-point sources of water pollution throughout the contiguous United States. The NPSIS model process requires the use of three “non-point source water pollution” contributors. A contributor is termed as a Non-Point Category (NPC) that contains collective elements (i.e. nutrient applications for agricultural purposes and urban runoff from highly developed areas). Using a survey, water resource professionals familiar with chosen study areas rank each NPC element according to potential impact to water quality. Following the survey, raster datasets that represent each NPC and impact to water quality are created using a lowest to highest (“1-9”) ordinal rank system derived from survey results after which each dataset is normalized using a (“1-3”) ordinal rank. Finally, the normalized NPC datasets are combined into one final model useful for identifying each dominant NPC by rank and location within a specified USGS watershed. In conclusion, the modifications to the LUCIS method yields results beneficial for identifying non-point source loads of water pollution.

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van, der Kamp Jonathan [Verfasser]. "Social cost-benefit analysis of air pollution control measures - Advancing environmental-economic assessment methods to evaluate industrial point emission sources / Jonathan van der Kamp." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.

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Thomason, Krista A. "Trends Analysis and a Yearly Comparison of Point Sources of Atmospheric Mercury Using HYSPLIT Back Trajectories Focused in Athens, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1557161272706908.

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Doležalová, Šárka. "Ekotoxikologické posouzení bodových zdrojů znečištění v ekosystému." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385282.

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The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.

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O'Shea, Lucy. "Essays in environmental policy, biotechnology and non-point source pollution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403815.

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Koo, Bhon Kyoung. "Agricultural non-point source nitrate pollution control by land use optimisation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268366.

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8

Malone, Patrick R. "Identifying and Managing Impacts of Point and Non-Point Source Pollution on Surface Water Quality." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/513.

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Surface waters can be impacted by point and non-point source (NPS) pollution including stormwater culverts, runoff, and septic systems. It is important to develop water quality monitoring plans that can be implemented within resource constraints while still providing useful data. The goal of this research was to develop a sampling strategy to identify the impacts of point and NPS pollution on surface waters. This research incorporates water quality monitoring, land use data, precipitation data, and statistical modeling to improve understanding of pollutant impacts on surface waters. Research was conducted at a 152-acre private lake in western Massachusetts. Lake water samples were collected approximately twice per month over 12 months at ten sample locations selected to isolate land uses, including (1) shoreline samples adjacent to homes with septic systems, (2) shoreline samples at stormwater discharge sites, and (3) control samples at the lake influent, lake effluent, and a private beach. Sampling events included dry and wet weather conditions. Water samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters including: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, alkalinity, nutrients, anions, organic carbon, and microbial indicators (total coliform, E. coli, enterococci, male-specific and somatic coliphages). The data were statistically analyzed to determine how land use, season, and precipitation affect the risk of contamination to surface waters. Results indicated significant water quality variations by land use, season, and precipitation and identified important correlations between water quality parameters.

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Brookes, Peter Robert. "Detoxification of point source industrial wastewater using an Extractive Membrane Bioreactor (EMB)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364062.

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10

Wolyniak, Brian John. "Quantifying the Potential for Non-Point Source Pollution in Model Urban Landscapes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36330.

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The contribution of non-point source pollution to degrading surface water quality is considerable throughout Virginia and beyond. While research on agricultural best management practices in nutrient management and nutrient and soil stabilization has made progress in reducing agricultural contributions to nutrient and sediment loading of watersheds, little is known about how land covers of different vegetation representative of urban areas (e.g., bare soil versus turfgrass lawns versus urban forest) influence the potential for non-point source pollution. Ambient rainfall volumes were manipulated to provide 50%, 100%, and 150% of natural precipitation to plots with landscape covers of bare soil, shredded wood mulch, turfgrass, and simulated urban forest (complete pin oak canopy with shredded hardwood leaf mulch). Precipitation amounts, runoff volumes, and eroded sediment masses for ten rain events between July and December 2004 were measured. Runoff was analyzed for nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations for three rain events. Turfgrass was found to be the most effective of the land covers tested at reducing components of non-point source pollution from stormwater. Turfgrass plots produced, on average, the least runoff and sediment, and lower nitrate concentrations in runoff water as compared to the other land covers tested. Results from urban forest plots apparently reflected the disturbance of tree planting, even six months later. This study contributes to a sparse body of knowledge about the influences of urban landscapes on water quality, and will inform land use policy and urban Best Management Practices.
Master of Science

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Villamizar, Velez Martha Lucia. "Modelling non-point source pollution of rivers in the UK and Colombia." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7768/.

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Mathematical fate models have been developed and validated to simulate the transport of contaminants in temperate regions but little is known about their applicability in the tropics. Different models were applied to simulate brominated flame retardants in Colombia and the UK and to identify differences in model application and drivers of emissions in both regions. Emissions of decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) in Colombia and the UK were estimated and suggested large releases to wastewater textile back-coating and waste management stages. Emission data were used to study the partitioning of the flame retardant with a fugacity approach. Fugacity results from Colombia were in agreement with sediment concentrations from the literature for the outlet of the River Magdalena. GREAT-ER was also applied to simulate decaBDE emissions in the Calder catchment; the model showed good potential for the simulation of the flame retardant. Monitoring of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments in the Calder showed that decaBDE represented the vast majority of PBDEs analysed (>90%) with increasing concentrations moving downstream. A modelling framework with field-scale models using MACRO was developed to simulate transport of six contrasting herbicides targeted by a management programme in the Wensum catchment in eastern England. The catchment-scale model SPIDER was also used for comparison. Preferential flow was the main driver of pesticide transport to water. A fairly good simulation of the flow was achieved (model efficiency, E = 0.6 for MACRO and 0.4 for SPIDER) but variability in pesticide simulations was observed due to uncertainties in input parameters. In-stream processes had little effect on pesticide simulations from either model. Modelling showed that most of the observed reductions in pesticide transport to the river (ca. 80% decrease between 2006 and 2011) can be explained by changes in weather and flow in the catchment during the study period, but an influence on management practices cannot be excluded. AnnAGNPs was applied to simulate triazine loss to the River Cauca from sugarcane, maize and sorghum in the Cauca Valley of Colombia. Runoff was the main driver of pesticide emissions to water. Satisfactory simulation and validation of the hydrology was achieved after little calibration (E = 0.7). A fairly good simulation of pesticides was generally achieved, but some patterns in the measured data could not be simulated. Use of grab samples resulted in uncertainty in measured concentrations. Implementing best management practices was predicted to result in a 78% reduction in triazine losses, whilst replacing triazine herbicides resulted in an 87% reduction when expressed as a proportion of the total pesticide applied. Uncertainty analyses of sensitive input parameters were carried out for the applied models. Their impact on simulations was chemical- and situation-specific. Recommendations for future research are provided to improve modelling of chemical fate in contrasting situations.

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Eriksson, Niclas. "Adaption of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Model to the Morsa Watershed." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121804.

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Paley, Marsha Lynn. "Protection of wetlands in the Grand River watershed from non-point source pollution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/MQ30252.pdf.

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Singh, Rajesh Kumar. "Identification of critical areas of non-point source pollution from flat agricultural watersheds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37167.pdf.

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15

Fisher, Charles E. "Rural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: Its origins, Dangers, and Management Techniques." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587977092814512.

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Arrueta, Antequera Lourdes D. "Simulating the effects of behavioral and landscape heterogeneity on non-point source pollution." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1589943030581552.

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Xue, Han. "HYDROGRAPH-SEPARATION-BASED NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION MODELLING IN THE PINGQIAO RIVER BASIN，CHINA." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225566.

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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第20341号
工博第4278号
新制||工||1662(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授寶馨, 教授立川康人, 准教授佐山敬洋
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Yang, Yali. "Evaluating agricultural non-point source pollution using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30044.pdf.

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Hodges, Kimberly Jean. "Assessing Urban Non-Point Source pollutants at the Virginia Tech Extended Dry Detention Pond." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36582.

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With a growing concern for the environment and increasing urbanization of rural areas, understanding the characteristics of urban non-point source pollution has become a focus for water quality investigators. Once thought to be a small contributor to the pollution problem, urban non-point sources are now responsible for transporting over 50% of all pollutants into natural waterways. Assessing non-point source pollution is the key to future water quality improvements in natural receiving waters. The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of an urbanized watershed, analyze current prediction methods and to investigate the effectiveness of an extended dry detention basin as a pollutant removal management practice on a 21.68-acre urban watershed on the Virginia Tech Campus. This research included extensive stormwater monitoring and sampling to characterize the runoff and water quality from an urban watershed. The resulting analysis included comparing well-known desktop prediction methods with pollutant removal rates using an extended dry detention basin and comparison with different literature values. Finally, the study team calibrated the PSRM-QUAL model for watershed prediction of non-point source runoff and pollution. The results of the stormwater monitoring process show that water quality prediction methods are not very successful on a storm by storm basis, but can be fairly accurate over longer periods of time with little or no storm water quality sampling. The extended dry detention basin is a simple yet effective management practice for the removal of sediments and sediment bound pollutants.
Master of Science

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20

Medupin, Cecilia. "The impact of point source pollution on an urban river, the River Medlock, Greater Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-point-source-pollution-on-an-urban-river-the-river-medlock-greater-manchester(3b29a840-ec13-46ee-b436-f9bff37013bb).html.

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The River Medlock is a small (22km) urbanised river, and is one of the five main tributaries which forms part of the River Irwell Catchment in Greater Manchester, UK. The river has a legacy of pollution from the 18th century and continues to be affected by anthropogenic factors including point source pollution from waste water treatment works (WwTWs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). In order to investigate the impact of CSOs and the WwTWs on the river hydrology, water quality and ecology of the lower largely urbanised reach, data sets were obtained from the Environment Agency and from direct sampling of the river. Load estimations from continuous discharge records from the river's gauging station plus estimates of sub-catchment area indicate the lower sites, classified as a "highly modified water body" and downstream of treatment works had had a higher load of discharge and phosphate-P linked to point sources and episodic discharges. Short term, continuous monitoring revealed that CSOs were active during high velocity, but increased concentrations of nutrients post high velocity indicate WwTW effects and possibly diffuse sources. This project reveals that the WwTW are a major source of phosphate-P and that the impact of CSOs on the river quality is short-lived and depends on the degree of precipitation. Other parameters indicate good water quality although the benthic macroinvertebrate community is degraded as a result of episodic increases in the quantity of water destabilising the river bed. Therefore, pollution from the CSOs, the WwTW and rapid changes in discharge are the reasons for the river's failure to conform to EU's requirements of the Water Framework Directive.

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Browning, Drew. "Modeling non-point source pollution in surface water under non-stationary climates and land uses." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408983669.

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Xiao, Huaguo Ji Wei. "Assessing the pollution potential of non-point mine wastes on surface water using a geo-spatial modeling approach." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Geosciences and School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A dissertation in geosciences and computer networking." Advisor: Wei Ji. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-236). Online version of the print edition.

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AbdelZaher, Amir Mahmoud. "Microbes At A Non-Point Source Sub-Tropical Recreational Marine Beach And Their Implications On Human Health And Beach Monitoring Practices." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/367.

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Swimming in ocean water, including beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, continues to pose a rising health concern. Studies which evaluate the relationship between indicator microbes, pathogens, and human health at recreational beaches are rare, especially at non-point beaches, although such studies are necessary for establishing criteria which would protect public health while minimizing economic burdens. The objective of this dissertation was to better understand the non-point source beach system, and hence determine possible directions that should be taken from a beach regulatory perspective in order to protect bather health and minimize economic burdens. This objective was accomplished through two studies. The first study included an initial evaluation of the presence of and associations among indicator microbes, pathogens and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in South Florida (USA) impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events conducted at high or low tide and during elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. Analyses included fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.). The objective of the second study was to capture a series of "snapshots" of the study beach with respect to pathogens and indicator microbe levels, environmental conditions, and cumulative human health effects. Two sets of daily composite samples were collected during the BEACHES epidemiology study conducted in Miami (FL) at the same non-point source subtropical marine beach. These samples were analyzed for several pathogens, microbial source tracking markers, indicator microbes, and environmental parameters similar to those in the first study. Enterococci concentrations in water and sand assessed by qPCR were greater than membrane filtration measurements in both studies. FIB concentrations in water were below recreational water quality standards for three of four sampling events; pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable during the first study. FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, accompanied by the detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including the autochthonous bacterium Vibrio vulnificus in both sand and water, the allochthonous protozoan Giardia spp. in water, and Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. These elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide, low solar insolation conditions, and after elevated 2 day antecedent rainfall. Analyses of the second study demonstrated that rainfall and tide were also significant factors in determining the presence of both indicator microbes and pathogens. Additional potential associations between environmental factors, microbes and human health effects were also identified. However, more analyses should be conducted as the limited number of samples renders it difficult to make conclusive statements about the relationship between these different factors. The results of this research demonstrate the complexity of beach systems characterized by non-point sources, and how more novel and comprehensive approaches will be needed to assess beach water quality for the purpose of protecting bather health. A recommended approach "The comprehensive tool box with approval process approach" to address the beach complexity is presented and applied to the study beach.

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Celebrezze, Eric N. "FECAL BACTERIA INDICATOR TO DETERMINE POINT-SOURCE POLLUTION UPSTREAM OF THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH, WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA, USA." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1174928348.

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Heiderscheidt, E. (Elisangela). "Evaluation and optimisation of chemical treatment for non-point source pollution control:purification of peat extraction runoff water." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213200.

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Abstract Chemical treatment is considered best available technology for purification of peat extraction runoff in Finland, due to its capability to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended solids and nutrients. However, lack of optimisation and adaptation of this method for purification of diffuse pollution sources, e.g., peat extraction runoff, has led to significant fluctuations in purification efficiency. This thesis evaluated the suitability of commercially available coagulants for the treatment of typically humic water. Inorganic (ferric sulphate, aluminium sulphate and a mixed product) and organic (polyDADMAC, polyamine, chitosan and tannin products) coagulants were studied. Investigations included assessment of required dosage and the influence of process parameters (pollutant concentration, mixing, water pH and temperature) on coagulant performance. In addition, the process conditions in existing treatment systems were examined in field experiments aimed at identifying possible factors affecting purification. Ferric sulphate (FS) was the most effective of the coagulants tested. It produced excellent flocs and achieved higher removal efficiency, particularly for DOC, than the other coagulants. However, the dosage required for FS was significantly higher than for e.g., polyDADMAC and chitosan. Moreover, samples treated with FS displayed high iron concentration and acidic pH. The organic polymers achieved satisfactory results, but further research is needed before they can become viable alternatives to metal salts. The quality of peat extraction runoff water was found to vary significantly. It was also observed that variations in DOC concentration, even for particulate rich samples, controlled coagulant dosage and, consequently, treatment efficiency. For inorganic coagulants, mixing provided during flocculation had a more significant influence on purification than mixing provided during coagulation. This is relevant hence in now existing treatment facilities no mixing is employed during flocculation. Based on the research conducted, suggestions were formulated for process optimisation aimed at reducing variations in purification efficiency, thus increasing the reliability of the method and reducing related environmental impacts
Tiivistelmä Turvetuotannon valumavesien käsittelyssä yksi parhaista käyttökelpoisistatekniikoista on kemiallinen käsittely, koska se pystyy poistamaan valumavedestä liukoista orgaanista hiiltä (DOC), kiintoainetta ja ravinteita. Tästä huolimatta kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointia ei ole tehty hajakuormitukselle, kuten turvetuotannon valumavesille, minkä seurauksena valumavesien puhdistustuloksissa on suurta vaihtelua. Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin markkinoilla saatavilla olevien kemikaalien sopivuutta turvetuotannon humuspitoisille valumavesille. Tutkimuksessa testattiin epäorgaanisia (ferrisulfaatti, alumiinisulfaatti ja näiden sekoitus) ja orgaanisia (polyDADMAC, polyamiini, kitosaani ja tanniinipohjaisia polymeerejä) koagulanttikemikaaleja. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin koagulanttien annostarpeet sekä erilaisten prosessiparametrien (vedenlaatu, sekoittaminen, pH ja lämpötila) vaikutus koagulanttien toimintaan. Laboratoriotutkimusten lisäksi väitöstyö sisälsi kenttämittauksia turvetuotannon valumavesien tyypillisten kemiallisen vesienkäsittelyn prosessiparametrien selvittämiseksi. Tutkituista koagulanteista rautasulfaatti oli tehokkain. Se tuotti hyvin laskeutuvaa flokkia ja poisti parhaiten valumavesien orgaanista ainesta. Rautasulfaatti vaati kuitenkin selkeästi suuremman annostuksen kuin esimerkiksi polyDADMAC ja kitosaani. Lisäksi puhdistettuun veteen jäi paljon rautaa ja vesi oli hapanta. Orgaanisilla kemikaaleilla saavutettiin myös kohtalainen/melko hyvä puhdistustulos, mutta lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan ennen kuin ne voivat olla vaihtoehtona epäorgaanisille kemikaaleille. Turvetuotannon valumaveden laatu vaihteli paljon. Valumaveden orgaanisen aineen määrän vaihtelulla oli suurin vaikutus kemikaalin annostukseen ja puhdistustulokseen. Sekoituksista kemiallisen käsittelyn flokkulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella oli suurempi vaikutus puhdistustulokseen kuin koagulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella. Tutkituilla turvetuotantoalueilla ei kuitenkaan ollut tällä hetkellä riittävää sekoitusta flokkulaatiovaiheessa. Tässä väitöstyössä esitetään parannuksia kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointiin paremman ja vakaamman puhdistustuloksen aikaansaamiseksi humuspitoisille vesille

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Hao, Jianjun. "Residents' knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and willingness to pay for non-point source pollution control a study of Nansihu Lake Watershed, China /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1197949499.

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BLAKE, ELLEN M. "THE EVALUATION OF TWO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR THE REMOVAL OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990645181.

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Manglallan, Eduardo P. "Water quality baseline study and non-point source pollution analysis on Waikele Stream, West Loch Estuary, Oahu, Hawaii." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26334.

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St, John James C. "An investigation of meteorological, regional, urban, and point source influences on ozone events in the Southeastern United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30884.

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Lipphardt, Markus. "Prise en compte d'une source ponctuelle dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10123.

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Ce travail de recherche est axe sur le developpement et la validation d'un modele de panache d'une source ponctuelle afin d'apporter a un modele de qualite de l'air a l'echelle regionale la possibilite d'affiner la prise en compte des sources d'emissions intenses de taille inferieures a la resolution du modele. Dans la modelisation du panache, quatre niveaux de complexite croissante sont etudies. Les modeles de panache sont valides isolement du modele a l'echelle regionale par confrontation aux experiences. Dans les situations etudiees, le modele a couronnes de freiburg et lusis donne de meilleurs resultats mais le calcul est relativement lourd. Le modele profil gaussien avec chimie quelconque est plus rapide et fournit le long de l'axe du panache des resultats comparables a ceux du modele a couronnes. La surelevation du panache est determinee par le modele de netterville. Il utilise des parametres de turbulence et de stabilite de l'atmosphere. Ensuite, un modele de couplage entre la dispersion du panache est la chimie est developpe. Il est integre dans le modele a couronnes. La comparaison entre les resultats de calcul sans et avec prise en compte du couplage montre l'importance de l'effet de la turbulence a petite echelle sur les concentrations moyennes dans un panache chimiquement reactif. Le modele de couplage est confronte aux mesures effectuees en soufflerie par builtjes et il est compare avec le modele de couplage propose par georgopoulos et seinfeld. Dans les deux cas, les comparaisons sont tres satisfaisantes. Puis, le modele du panache est integre dans le modele eulerien de transport/chimie airqual. Le panache est represente par serie de bouffees et l'interface entre airqual et le sous-modele de panache est elaboree de maniere a decrire l'interaction entrer les deux echelles. Enfin, une simulation d'un episode de pollution sur la region parisienne est realisee. Le sous-modele de panache est applique aux emissions de la centrale thermique dans le val de marne. Des calculs d'airqual sans et avec le sous-modele de panache sont effectues. La comparaison montre que la prise en compte des emissions de la source par le sous-modele a une importance tres significative en aval de la source jusqu'a des zones relativement eloignees.

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Speir, Cameron Lindsey. "Two Cost Analyses in Resource Economics: The Public Service Costs of Alternative Land Settlement Patterns and Effluent Allowance Trading in Long Island Sound." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31154.

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This study offers two cost analyses to inform public policy decisions on the use of land and water resources. The first presents some public service costs associated with different spatial forms of land development. The second cost analysis presents costs associated with three different policy options for meeting water quality goals in Long Island Sound.

The objective the first analysis is to determine the cost to local governments of providing water distribution and wastewater collection services to alternative spatial forms of residential development. Components of spatial form are explicitly defined in terms of lot size, distance and tract dispersion. An engineering cost model is used to determine the water and sewer costs to three sets of hypothetical land settlement scenarios. Each set shows the effect of one component of spatial form on cost.

The results show that smaller lots, shorter distances between existing centers and less tract dispersion reduce public water and sewer costs. Lot size is found to have the most pronounced effect on water and sewer cost. Some policy options for reducing the public service costs associated with development are considered.

The objective of the second cost analysis is to analyze the cost implications of a nitrogen allowance trading system for wastewater treatment plants in Connecticut. Effluent allowance trading involves the transfer of pollution control responsibility between pollution sources. Effluent allowances are the right to discharge a given quantity of waste into the environment over a given time period. Allowance trading has been proposed as a way of reducing pollution control costs, encouraging innovative pollution prevention techniques and more quickly achieving water quality goals.

Long Island Sound, a major estuary in the northeastern United States, experiences chronically low dissolved oxygen levels. Excessive nitrogen loads from anthropogenic activities in the Sound watershed have been identified as the cause of the oxygen problem. The state of Connecticut is examining the possibility of introducing an effluent allowance trading system in order to reduce the cost of achieving required reductions in nitrogen discharge. A linear programming model is used to predict trading outcomes and allowance prices. The total cost of achieving a nitrogen load cap is calculated under three administrative approaches. The first approach is a uniform reduction requirement where all plants are required to reduce discharge by the same proportion. The second approach is an administrative reallocation of waste load where a regulatory agency assigns control responsibility based on the agency's understanding of relative costs. The third approach is a flexible effluent allowance trading system. The results will show that a trading program offers cost savings over traditional regulatory approaches, demonstrate the potential for further cost savings from pollution prevention activities and estimate the cost savings that would result from including nonpoint sources in the overall nitrogen reduction strategy.
Master of Science

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32

Gray, Michelle Anya. "Assessing non-point source pollution in agricultural regions of the upper St. John River basin using the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus)." Thesis, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/48.

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The overall objective of this research project was to assess whether fish populations in areas of potato cultivation responded to changes in environmental conditions. An effects-based assessment was conducted in the ‘potato belt’ of northwestern New Brunswick in the Little River catchment. From 1999-2001, the health and performance of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) was monitored in agricultural and forested sections of the river. In the fall of 1999 and 2000, agricultural sites had fewer young-of-the-year (YOY) sculpin than the forested region. Adult sculpin were larger in the agricultural region, but had significantly smaller gonads, and female sculpin had smaller livers, and fewer and smaller eggs than the forested region. By the fall of 2001, only female gonad size showed a difference from the forested region. These results were used to design a follow-up study designed to investigate the relative importance of environmental factors influencing sculpin responses.

The second study investigated the relative influence of temperature and sediment deposition on slimy sculpin populations across 20 sites on 19 streams in forested and agricultural catchments in northwestern New Brunswick. YOY sculpin were present at all forested sites, but only at 2 of 11 agricultural sites. There were no relationships between body size or density and sediment deposition in either the agricultural or forested regions, but sculpin density decreased and median YOY size increased with increasing temperatures. The variability in density of YOY sculpin at agricultural sites suggested that additional factors beyond temperature might be contributing to responses.

A secondary overall objective was to evaluate the slimy sculpin as a sentinel and indicator of site-specific conditions. Stable isotopes of muscle tissues showed little variability in isotopic signatures, and significant differences between adjacent sites. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted in 112 adult sculpin showed that 75% of sculpin captured over 10 months moved less than 30m. Both isotopes and PIT tags suggested high spatial and temporal residency of slimy sculpin.

This PhD project showed biological impacts on sculpin populations residing in streams influenced by non-point source agricultural stressors, and provided support for the ability of the slimy sculpin to reflect local environmental conditions.

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Hao, Jianjun. "Residents’ knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and willingness to pay for non-point source pollution control: a study of Nansihu Lake Watershed, China." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1197949499.

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Wei, Xiaochen. "Biodiversity Survey and Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Design to Help Control Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Poyang Lake Basin, China." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385989072.

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Satchithanantham, Sanjayan. "Evaluation of vegetated filter strips for attenuation of pollutants resulting from military activities." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/880.

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Berger, Lars [Verfasser]. "Understanding the Social Construction of Unsustainable Human Behaviour : The Example of Agricultural Non-Point-Source Pollution in Lake Tai, China / Lars Berger." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080763791/34.

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Gatti, Junior Pedro. "Efeitos espaço temporais da poluição pontual e não pontual em uma bacia hidrográfica subtropical : ecohidrologia como ferramenta de controle." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7223.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Contaminants are introduced into aquatic ecosystems, both from point and diffuse sources and usually are deposited in the sediments of lakes and reservoirs. The input of diffuse pollutants in the environment is of difficult control and identification, while the control of point sources is more efficient because they are easily identified. However, the frequent discharges of effluents, althought undergoing treatment, may change the input of elements and substances in a given region. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial-temporal influence of point and non-point source pollution on the characteristics of surface water and sediment in a watershed with well-marked seasons. In addition, concepts and attempts at ecosystems restoration in different regions were reviewed in order to understand the main drivers of abiotic-biotic regulation among watersheds and aquatic ecosystems, based on the principles of Ecohydrology. For this purpose, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, Al, Cu, Mn, Hg, As, Se, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ions in water and sediment were examined. Furthermore, levels of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg and As) in the sediment profile of stations under of the influence of different impact were evaluated. This study showed that the point source pollution promote a high load of contaminants in sediment, regardless of the season. Furthermore, the point pollution sources seem to be spatially and temporally the main cause of reservoir sediment chemical composition due its frequent effluent release. This study also indicates that, despite several biogeographical differences, hydrology seems to be the main factor that controls the primary and secondary production and sustainability in rivers and lakes (reservoirs). In conclusion, the hydrology in the tropics seems to decrease the expected effects of a higher temperature. Therefore, to increase resilience in tropical freshwaters integrated actions according to hydrological stages are highly recommended.
Contaminantes são introduzidos em ecossistemas aquáticos, a partir de fontes pontuais e difusas e geralmente são depositados nos sedimentos de lagos e reservatórios. A entrada de poluentes difusos no ambiente é de difícil controle e identificação, enquanto que o controle de fontes pontuais é mais eficiente, pois são facilmente identificados. No entanto, as frequentes descargas de efluentes, mesmo passando por tratamento, podem mudar a dinâmica de entrada de elementos e substâncias em uma região. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência espaço-temporal de fontes de poluição pontual e não pontual nas características das águas superficiais e do sedimento de um reservatório (Lobo/Broa, SP) em uma bacia hidrográfica com estações climáticas bem definidas. Além disso, conceitos e tentativas de restauração em diferentes ecossistemas foram revisados com o objetivo de entender quais são os principais controladores da regulação abiótica-biótica entre bacias hidrográficas e ecossistemas aquáticos, com base nos princípios da Ecohidrologia. Para este propósito, as concentrações de Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, Al, Cu, Mn, Hg, As, Se, fósforo total, nitrogênio total e íons na água e no sedimento foram examinadas. Além disso, os níveis de metais (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg e As) no perfil do sedimento de pontos amostrais sob influência de diferentes impactos foram avaliados. Este estudo mostrou que as fontes pontuais de poluição promovem uma alta carga de contaminantes nos sedimentos, independentemente da estação. Além disso, as fontes de poluição pontual parecem ser espacialmente e temporalmente as principais causa da composição química de sedimentos do reservatório por causa da frequente liberação de efluentes. Esse estudo também indica que, apesar de várias diferenças biogeográficas, a hidrologia parece ser o principal fator que controla a produção primária, secundária e a sustentabilidade em rios e lagos (reservatórios). Em conclusão, a hidrologia nos trópicos parece diminuir os efeitos esperados de uma temperatura mais elevada. Portanto, para aumentar a resiliência nas águas doces tropicais ações integradas de acordo com as fases hidrológicas são altamente recomendadas.

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BAOBAB, KIBET KIMENGICH. "Application of SWAT and Development of a Water Quality Predictive Model for Water Resources Management in Rural Basins." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259053.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第22785号
農博第2428号
新制||農||1081(附属図書館)
学位論文||R2||N5305(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授藤原正幸, 教授村上章, 教授中村公人
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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39

Pezet, Florent. "Bilans et transferts de phosphore dans le bassin versant du lac du Bourget : caractérisation, interprétation et modélisation des flux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA006/document.

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Les eaux résiduaires urbaines du bassin versant du lac du Bourget sont largement collectées et traitées. Les gestionnaires du lac s'interrogent, dans le contexte de l'évolution climatique et de l'évolution des usages des sols, sur l'impact et les modalités de maîtrise des pertes en phosphore et en particulier de la contribution des sources diffuses d'origine agricole. La thèse vise à modéliser les régimes d'exportation du phosphore vers le lac, dans la perspective de tester des scénarios de maîtrise des flux. Elle s'inscrit dans un dispositif de recherche opérationnelle CIFRE entre le bureau d'étude SAFEGE et l'UMR CARRTEL, en partenariat avec le CISALB (Comité Intersyndical pour l'Assainissement du Lac du Bourget). Dans ce cadre, deux sous bassins versants expérimentaux emboîtés représentatifs de la géographie du bassin du Bourget, (l'un rural dominé par l'élevage laitier de 250 ha, l'autre périurbain et agricole de 6800 ha) ont été équipés et suivis à leur exutoire durant une période de 18 mois. Les suivis hydrochimiques ont permis une caractérisation qualitative et quantitative des régimes d'exportations à l'exutoire de chaque bassin versant (flux hydrologique, de matières en suspension, du phosphore total, particulaire, et dissous, et de certaines formes d'azote – nitrate, ammonium). Ces flux ont été modélisés à l'aide du modèle SWAT. Pour rendre compte de certains processus spécifiques de mobilisation et de transfert de la charge en phosphore, des développements ont été mis en œuvre (extension de l'aire de saturation des sols en relation avec la mise en charge des nappes, stockages transitoires, remobilisations au sein du réseau hydrographique) qui constituent une des principales avancées de la thèse. Les résultats obtenus apportent une amélioration des connaissances scientifiques sur les mécanismes de transfert du phosphore. Les développements en termes de modélisation constituent un outil adapté pour accompagner la mise en place d'un plan d'actions visant la réduction des flux de phosphore parvenant au lac du Bourget, ceci dans la perspective des évolutions climatiques
Urban wastewater are now widely collected and treated. Many questions still remain about the impact of climatic or anthropic evolution on the mobilisation and the transfer of phosphorus to Lake Bourget. This work deals with hydrological and nutrient modelling to understand phosphorus mobilization and transfers processes and to test mitigation options. Thesis is supported by a CIFRE agreement between SAFEGE office and UMR CARRTEL, in partnership with the CISALB. In this context, 2 experimental watersheds nested and variable in land uses (one agricultural of 250 ha, the other suburban and agricultural of 6,800 ha) were instrumented and followed at their outlet over a period of 18 months (continuous measurement of flow and some key parameters of physico-chemical water quality). Hydro-chemical measurements led to a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the exports regime at the outlet of each watershed (water flow, suspended solids, some forms of phosphorus – total, particulate, dissolved - and nitrogen). The exports were then modeled. To account for some specifics processes of mobilization and transfer of phosphorus (variable source areas, "in-stream" processes), some developments of the SWAT model were implemented. IIn this context, this works provides an improved scientific understanding of the mechanisms of transfer of phosphorus. Modeling tool can support the development of mitigation options for best management practices included in the framework of the "Lake Bourget watershed contract"

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40

Chaabouni, Rim. "Utilisation et mise au point au niveau moléculaire de biomarqueurs pour étudier la répartition spatiale de la contamination au voisinage d’une source de pollution." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1016.pdf.

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La répartition spatiale du Cd et son impact écotoxicologique ont été évalués à l'aide des biomarqueurs métallothionéines (MT), malonedialdéhyde (MDA) et acétylcholinéstérase (AChE). Les résultats montrent que la contamination migre vers le sud par les courants de direction nordsud. Les teneurs en biomarqueurs reflètent l'état alarmant de cet écosystème. La palourde Rudifapes decussatus et la coque Cerastoderma glaucum ont pu développer des systèmes adaptatifs particuliers pour survivre dans de telles conditions. Deux séquences partielles d'ADNc MT ont été clonées et utilisées comme sonde pour mesurer le taux d'ARN MT. L'analyse en dot blot a confirmé l'induction de l'expression du gène MT dans les branchies des animaux contaminés. Une différentiation génétique entre différentes populations de C. Glaucum (Méditerranée, Atlantique, Mer du Nord) et C. Edule (Atlantique et Mer du Nord) a été réalisée à l'aide des séquences 28S, ITSI et COI
The spatial distribution of Cd was studied and its toxicological impact was evaluated using metallothionein (MT), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as biomarkers. Results showed that Cd contamination migrates southward the polluted site by the NS currents. The biomarkers concentrations reflect the alarming state of this ecosystem. The clam Ruditapes decussatus and the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum may have settled up sorne peculiar adaptive strategies to survive in such conditions. Two partial MT cDNAs were cloned from R. Decussatus and C. Glaucum and used as probes to quantify the MT mRNA levels. Dot blot analysis confirmed the induction of MT gene expression in gills of the contaminated animaIs. A genetic discrimination between different populations of C. Glaucum from the Mediterranean sea, Atlantic and the North sea, and C. Edule from Atlantic and the North sea were performed using the 28S, ITSI and COI sequences

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Lahman, Sara Elisabeth. "The Ecotoxicological Impacts of Copper in Aquatic Systems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1427119997.

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42

Armeni, Lauren E. "The Efficiency of Vegetated Biofilters to Mitigate Highway Stormwater Runoff and the Fate of these Contaminants within the Bed." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275511454.

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43

Ritchie, Helen, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Beyond the fences : co-ordinating individual action in rural resource management through Landcare : a case study of managing non-point source discharges to water in Waikato, New Zealand." THESIS_FEMA_ARD_Ritchie_H.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/437.

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This study addresses the central problem of how the behaviour of individuals may be co-ordinated to manage collective natural resources, and in particular, to what degree this can be achieved through voluntary, community based means under a free market policy regime. This question was explored by researching how local groups known as Landcare, or Care groups, are managing waterways in Waikato, New Zealand, and specifically by examining their effectiveness in controlling non-point source contaminants to water originating from agricultural land.An action research approach was used to investigate research questions regarding what motivates actors to support activity to enhance water quality, the effectiveness of such activity in addressing non-point source discharges to water, and the equity issues which are associated with environmental management through Landcare. This study suggests that neo-liberal philosophies of governance, while favouring voluntary resource management, disregard the conditions which, in practice, underpin effective and equitable examples of this type of activity. A call is therefore made for a more active role for government, in directly supporting local action, in compensating for the impacts of free-market policies on natural resource use, and in facilitating the representation of the diversity of views in environmental management. Action research, participatory planning, and other learning based and communicative processes could be usefully employed to guide and inform such interventions
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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44

Stewart, George Russell. "Water quality improvements in the Upper North Bosque River watershed due to phosphorous export through turfgrass sod." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1428.

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The Upper North Bosque River (UNBR) watershed is under a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) mandate to reduce Phosphorus (P) due to excess nutrients in the watershed. To address these problems, Texas A&M University researchers have developed a turfgrass sod Best Management Practice (BMP) to remove excess nutrients from impaired watersheds. Turfgrass harvest of manure fertilized sod removes a thin layer of topsoil with most of the manure applied P. Plot and field scale research has demonstrated the effectiveness of turfgrass to remove manure phosphorus (P). In order to assess the impact of the turfgrass BMP on a watershed scale, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to predict water quality in the UNBR watershed. The SWAT model was modified to incorporate turfgrass harvest routines to predict manure and soil P export through turfgrass sod and soil during harvest. SWAT simulations of the BMP predicted stream load reductions of 20 to 36% for P loads in the UNBR depending on the implementation scenario, an average reduction of 31% for total N and 16.7% for sediment for all the scenarios, at the watershed outlet. The SWAT model also predicted up to 176 kg/ha P removed per sod harvest when fertilized with 100 kg manure P/ha, and 258 kg/ha of P removed per sod harvest when the manure P application rate was 200 kg/ha. In addition, depending on the implementation scenario, the turfgrass BMP could export between 262 and 784 metric tons of P out of the UNBR watershed every year. Manure fertilized turfgrass has the advantage of slow releasing nutrients from the composted dairy manure, so it would not require any additional P for life. This means reduced urban non-point source pollution and lower maintenance cost compared to regular sod. These modeling simulations complement the wealth of research that shows the effectiveness of the turfgrass BMP.

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45

Benneyworth, Laura Mahoney. "Distribution of Trace Elements in Cumberland River Basin Reservoir Sediments." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1113.

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District, maintains ten reservoirs in the Cumberland River Basin in Kentucky and Tennessee, and has been monitoring sediment chemistry in the reservoirs since 1994. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sediment data collected from the reservoirs from 1994 to 2010 to determine if there are any spatial patterns of the trace elements: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. The results indicated that trace element levels were consistent with national baseline concentrations measured by the U.S. Geological Survey. Center Hill reservoir had the greatest number of trace element concentrations (all except cadmium) that were significantly higher when compared to all other reservoirs. The degree of urbanization in the reservoir basins was based on population density from the 2000 Census and the percentage of developed land using the 2006 national land cover dataset. Aquatic toxicity values were used as a measure of sediment quality. The reservoirs with the worst aquatic toxicity rankings were not the most urban, instead they were the reservoirs with the longest retention times. Therefore, it may be concluded that retention time has a larger effect on Cumberland River Basin sediment concentrations than the type of land use or the degree of urbanization. The results also indicate that it may be prudent to include an evaluation of quality based on aquatic toxicity when monitoring sediment quality, and that when reservoirs are the subject of sediment quality assessments, the consideration of the physical properties of the reservoir, especially the retention time, is essential for a comprehensive evaluation. This may also imply that sediment quality in reservoirs may effectively be regulated by water resource management techniques at the reservoirs that affect retention time.

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46

Alanezi, Salwa. "Emission inventories from Kuwait petroleum refineries and respective ground level concentration of pollutants in the neighboring residential area." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12544.

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The State of Kuwait has three large refineries, namely, Mina Al Ahmadi Refinery, Mina Abdullah Refinery and Shuaiba Refinery. These refineries process and refine Kuwait Crude Oil through different process units. There are many heaters, boilers and flares that form a part of the complicated equipment which enhance the different petroleum processes. Fuel gas is used as a firing fuel for those heaters and boilers. As a result, stack emissions like SO2, NOx, CO are predominantly present in the flue gases and this study focuses on those emissions and their impact on the surrounding residential area. The area of interest will be Umm Al-Hyman residential area. This study accumulates emission inventories from the three refineries and the respective ground level concentration of the pollutants in the neighboring residential area. It also focuses on the impact of emissions from the refinery operations on the ground level concentrations in the surrounding areas by using the inventory model and latest emission factors to provide accurate emission estimates. The models were developed and the results were verified with the actual data from the area of impact. As a result of the findings of the major pollutants, namely SO2, NOx & CO, it is found that SO2 and CO are not exceeding Kuwait EPA Ambient Air Quality Standards for Residential Areas normally. However, NOx is observed to exceed occasionally. Even though, NOx emissions from refineries sources represented by plume models were much less, there is a consistent increase in the measured NOx. Furthermore, in 2007, the measured hourly, daily and annual NOx concentration exceeded the international standard many times. The increasing trend in NOx is attributed to continuous increase in population and the number of motor vehicles. The study will go further step in recommending engineering solutions and best practices to reduce the pollutants concentrations which will help in the reduction of human health risks and protect the environment.

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47

Liu, Wen-Yao, and 劉文堯. "A Study on Non-point Sources Pollution Rduction of Gress Filter Strips." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91808707563388846220.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業工程學系研究所
86
The test site of this study was selected in the An-Keng farm of National Taiw an University, in Hsin-tien, Taipei county. One of the best management practic es (BMPs) which was selected and tested in the site was vegetative filter stri p. To evaluate the effects of vegetative filter strips on non-point source pol lution control, the following items were measured or tested. They were: runoff rate, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemica l oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO4-3-P), n rate (NO3--N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and electric conductivity (EC). Experiments of this stu dy were divided into three stages. In the first stage, 16 tests were respectiv ely conducted on different vegetative filter strips. The slope steepnesses of the test plots were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%; their lengths were 4m, 8m, 12m and 1 6m, and their widths were 2.5m for all test plots. In the second and the third stages, flow rate and pollution concentration of the inflow water were increa sed. Aside from these, bared plots with a slope length of 16m and with three d ifferent slope steepn ses of 5%, 10 % and 15% were also tested. In addition, a test with clean water rather than w ith artificially made polluted water and a test with a running time of two hou rs (rather than one hour) were also conducted. The results showed that in regard to the reduct ion effects of vegetative filter strips, it was the best for total suspended s olids. Then; in the decreasing order, they were chemical oxygen demand, phosph ate, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate. Average reduction rates for the above five pollutants were 0.808, 0.723, 0.66, 0.58 and 0.34, respectively. In general, pollution reduction effects of vegetative filter strips decreased wit h increase of hydraulic loading. The relationships were better for that slope steepnesses ranged from 5% to 15%, and pollutants were total suspended solid, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen. The relationships between two factors , namely, slope steepnesses and hydraulic loading, and pollution reduction rat e due to vegetative filter strips were then obtained. By using the equations o f the relationships, effects of the vegetative filter strips can be evaluated. Regression analyses were done by using the data obtained from the test plots with slope steepnesses of 5%, 10% and 15%. It was found that squares of the sa mple correlation coefficient (R2) for total suspended solid, phosphate and amm onia niogen were 0.667, 0.713 and 0.718, respectively. Using the obtained equations, the relationships between the t wo factors (namely, slope steepness and hydraulic loading) and pollution reduc tion rate can be plotted as curves. And by using the curves, vegetative filter strips can be designed for specific given conditions. Besides, in this study, cost of vegetative filter strips were analyzed. Concept of factor of sa fety was introduced to the application of the curves of inflow pollution reduc tion rates. In addition, two examples were given for further description. Keywords: best management practice, vegetative filt er strip, non-point resource pollution, hydraulic loading

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Chang, Timothy, and 張豐智. "Study of Visited Farm''s Wet Detention Pond for controlling non point sources pollution." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40474367165437686470.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系
84
In Taiwan, the control of water pollution from non-point sources (NPS) hasbecome a necessary element of regional water quality management. For gainingreal locally recreational NPS related data, this paper investigated visited farm''s stormwater sampling and the control of runoff pollution at farm''s wetdetention ponds. Moreover, data sampled between 1995 and 1996 from the simulating area were used to calibrate and verify a NPS model (VAST MODEL). The reserch results presents the effectiveness of wet ponds for mitigatingfarm''s NPS pollution, especially under higher rainfall depth. In four stormwaterdata, pollutant removal efficiencies for TSS, BOD, and COD were 95%, 72% and73% above, TKN also reached 50%. Ability of wet pond''s controlling flood must be in reducing peak flow (observed between 50∼70%) and peak lag (observed between 1∼1.25 hrs). For VAST MODEL, simulation of storm hydrograph and pollutant load output was generally good. Whereas predicting year''s pollutantload, exact unit hydrograph and pollutant accmulative rate were necessary.

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Liou, Shao-Hen, and 劉韶恒. "A Study of Tourism and Recreation Carrying Capacity Basis on Non-point Sources Pollution Reduction." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8uv39k.

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博士
國立臺北科技大學
工程學院工程科技博士班
106
Taiwan is a geographically compact and densely populated nation where excessive land use contributes to loss of life and property and leads to permanent damage to the ecology and environment. How land development and preservation can be balanced in Taiwan can be examined using the low-impact development (LID) model. This paper identifies approaches to balance tourism development and environmental protection in a manner that quantifies or reduces pollution sources compatible with the environment to develop a mechanism for regulating the number of visitors or recommendations for changing the way land is used. The findings may inform the planning of sustainable development of the tourism industry. The study examined (a) the suitability of changing land-use patterns amid the development of recreational activities (e.g., camping) and (b) the effect of excessive visitors and vehicular access on the environment. The optimal recreational carrying capacity was determined by estimating the extent to which water quality is affected in terms of ecological carrying capacity by calculating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicle exhaust and evaluating LID best management practices (LID-BMPs). In Case 1 of the indigenous Banux tribe in Tai’an Township in Miaoli County, the storm water management model was used to analyze increased nonpoint source pollution caused by changes in land-use patterns. LID-BMPs were implemented to reduce pollution. Between 2010 and 2012, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to model the uncertainty in rainfall interval in the Banux tribe lands to analyze its effect on the implementation of LID-BMPs to reduce pollution; suspension solid (SS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were examined as critical indicators of water quality. The results of analysis revealed a reliability of 82.7% for the implementation of LID-BMPs to reduce the emission concentration of the nonpoint source pollution SS to < 25 mg/L in the tribe lands. In Plum Garden 1, a reliability of 58.75% was obtained for adopting LID-BMPs to reduce emission concentration of a nonpoint source pollution BOD to < 1 mg/L in a single rainfall event. In Plum Garden 2, the reliability of adopting LID-BMPs to reduce the same emission concentration of BOD in a single rainfall event was slightly lower (55.9%). However, a comparison of land-use patterns before and after they were changed showed that this figure exceeded 80% and thus met the 80% benchmark defined in this study. The aforementioned results confirmed the evaluation of the effect of LID-BMPs was properly performed and proven as feasible. In Case 2, a Monte Carlo method was adopted to simulate the regulation of PAHs emitted from vehicle exhaust and the probability distribution of the rainfall interval to examine the reliability of LID-BMPs before and after implementation. The results indicated that, before LID-BMP implementation, the daily quota of vehicles permitted for entry should be set to 24 (a reasonable maximum number of visitors that should be allowed entry, as suggested by this study) at a PAH concentration level of <0.05 mg/L; the scenario would lead to a reliability (PR) of 80%. This suggested that a shuttle bus that operates on a fixed timetable and serves fixed routes should be run a maximum of 24 times each day. Moreover, when it has not rained for six consecutive days, nonstructural LID-BMPs can be implemented on the seventh day. A shuttle bus service should be provided for the land area studied for Case 2

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Lee, Jong-Hwa. "Spatial econometric analysis of a watershed utilizing geographic information systems water quality effects of point and non-point pollution sources in the Neuse River Basin, NC /." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12092005-135010/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pollution point sources'

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