Dissertations / Theses: 'Pollution prevention'

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Choy, Wai-tim Felix, and 蔡偉添. "Information technology in pollution prevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576015.

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Durgin, Timothy George. "Pollution Prevention in Lake Tai." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275507366.

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Choy, Wai-tim Felix. "Information technology in pollution prevention." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576015.

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Mashyanova, E. "Financial management: make pollution prevention pay." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11694.

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Laurence, Duncan S. "Pollution prevention pays : policies, problems and prospects." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329348.

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LESCAUDEY, DE MANEVILLE XAVIER, and PHILIPPE OBLIN. "Prevention de la pollution mercurielle au cabinet dentaire." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN1D030.

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Wildern, Nicole L. (Nicole Leigh). "Total cost analysis of pollution prevention in automotive electrocoating." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10485.

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Hendrickx, Ilse. "Pollution prevention studies in the textile wet processing industry." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172221/.

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Stratikopoulos, Dimitrios M. "Identification of pollution prevention and accident prevention technology opportunities for use in supplemental environmental projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43570.

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Ganzleben, Catherine F. "Permitting pollution : integrated pollution prevention and control as a driver of innovation in the European Community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289011.

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Cullen, Richard J. "Industrial pollution control down on the farm : integrated pollution prevention & control and intensive pig farming." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7049.

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Multi-medium pollution control has finally transcended the boundary from its roots in traditional manufacturing industry, and has entered the realm of intensive pig farming. This research has revealed the problems that face pig farmers when confronted by the Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control (IPPC) Directive (1996/61/EC). It has developed approaches that could assist intensive pig farmers in making important choices. A parallel study of the re-licensing of landfill facilities, an industry that is a veteran of licensing, has provided an ideal comparator. The literature on both industries was extensively searched for what was previously known. This has been supported by original research, including interviews with both landfill managers and pig farmers. These interviews were preceded by tours of landfill sites and pig farms - something that is seldom performed within the data collection stage of research where interviews are used. Differences between words and actions became apparent. These were analysed and their motivating factors considered. These discrepancies, evident through this verification process, serves to caution other researchers about the distortions that can arise when interviews alone are used. Identifying these discrepancies is also important because policy is often formulated using information collected though interview-based surveys. It may be the case that policy outcome deficit can result from the difference between words and actions. For decades farming has been moulded by society's desires in a similar vein to a nationalised industry. However, it is not a nationalised industry, but a collection of private individuals, family businesses, and larger companies. Multi-medium pollution control has been tried before. Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) was pioneered in England and Wales in 1991. Comparing the first years of that regime with the experiences that the Environment Agency are currently having reveals that many of the lessons have not been learnt. The funding available to the regulator, and the charges levied against the regulated are negotiated through compromises whereby environmental protection may be the loser. In this study, industry structures have been examined, revealing that the landfill industry is biased towards large operating companies. Re-licensing for the landfill industry is essentially a tightening of existing emission control, with relatively few additions. Landfill operators have the ability to pass costs on. Different experiences have been found between small and large landfill operators. Many small operators will go out of business. In this context it is noted that the structure of the intensive pig farming industry is biased towards smaller operators. Existing literature demonstrates that Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have difficulty implementing environmental regulation. Through this study, this knowledge has been supplemented by close examination of two industries that have hitherto been omitted from the SME - environmental regulation debate. Industry characteristics are important factors that are here explored in detail, through inter-industry comparisons based upon size and through size comparisons within each industry. Within both industries large size is not just a scaled-up version of a small business. In fact the cultures and organisational structures are different. Essentially, intensive pig farmers have limited choices. Those at the small end of the scale may be able to de-stock and temporarily escape the threshold beyond which strict environmental controls come into play. Many at this scale may decide to retire and abandon pig farming. Alternatives for these farmers include pursuing niche or more specialised markets. Intermediate in size, Family Farming Businesses exhibit characteristics of both large and small businesses. Their future is a little more uncertain as there is a momentum to continue farming - a key characteristic which makes family businesses different. The largest businesses are better placed to implement the controls, or to challenge and to find the least cost compliance route. However, the competition from imports, and an inability to gain more for the meat they produce may force this category to increase the size of operation even further, so as to lower unit costs.

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Aponte, Carmen Alicia. "Process inventory and pollution prevention overview for the citrus industry." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1298.

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Florida citrus represents approximately 70 percent of the industry production in the United States; therefore, any associated agricultural and industrial contamination is of concern and a focus of attention. The use of synthetic organic chemicals has become a farmer's necessity in order to supply consumers with high quality products, free of pest damage. However, industrial citrus wastes and chemical residual levels worry not only government agencies but also consumers since they indicate a serious habitat risk. This study assesses citrus industrial processes and the paths that chemical substances follow from the time the citrus seed is planted until consumers get a final product as either fresh fruit or processed product. The study is built on information from United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) manuals, Dade County Environmental Resources Management (DERM) inspection records, United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) regulations, Florida standards, journal publications, and research reports. Pollution prevention (P2 or prevention-of-pollution) alternatives are identified; alternatives are proposed, evaluated, and included. Strategies are described and pollution prevention opportunities proposed to minimize citrus wastes generation, chemical residuals in products, their environmental impact and health risk aspects while maximizing product quality.

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Hortua, Ana Carolina. "Chemical process optimization and pollution prevention via mass and property integration." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1265.

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Papastavros, Costas. "Prevention, contingency planning and remedial action for oil pollution in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554306.

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Stoudt, Amanda. "Pollution Prevention and Water Reuse at Utah Department of Transportation Facilities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2020. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7714.

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As stormwater flows over roads, sidewalks, and other impervious surfaces, it picks up pollutants that are deposited on these surfaces. One common pollutant transported by stormwater is road salt. While the application of road salt is crucial for wintertime public safety, road salt has a host of negative environmental impacts. Road salt has been linked to increasing levels of dissolved solids in groundwater, vegetation damage, and behavioral changes in aquatic organisms. Studies have shown that these impacts are concentrated around salt storage facilities. As a result, the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued many state departments of transportation municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) permits. In Utah, road salt is stored at Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) maintenance stations, which are regulated by a Phase I MS4 permit. To comply with their MS4 permit, UDOT constructed retention ponds to capture salt-laden stormwater and truck wash water. However, without information and established maintenance and management plans informing pond design, these retention ponds suffer from design issues such as overflow throughout the winter season. Through pollution prevention assessments, pond and tap water analysis, pond sediment analysis, and surface water quality modeling at 11 UDOT maintenance stations, this project provides UDOT with site design guidelines and best management practices to ultimately reduce the impact of UDOT road salt facilities on the environment.

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Wood, C. "Planning pollution prevention : A comparative study of US and UK anticipatory controls over new stationary sources of atmospheric pollution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377763.

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Black, Gary. "Pollution prevention in wastewater networks : development of a biological early warning device." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10290.

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A biological early warning system (EWS) was developed to screen wastewater containing nitrification inhibitors and identify nitrifying bacteria activity reduction without relying on absolute values of sensor signals. To do so, numerous sensors were evaluated using a tiered approach to aid the analysis and made it easier to convey the current state of the technology. The research then produced a framework for the development of an EWS and the applicability of sensors to the wastewater matrix. The research identified a need for the development of a strategy and guidance that can help in the prevention and detection of nitrification inhibitors. Initial tests focussed on sewer biofilm N2O emissions, however, despite average nitrification rates of 19.5 g-NH4 + - N.m- 2 .d- 1 the response was unreliable due to inadequate control. To address this, a circulating floating bed biofilm reactor (CFBBR) was designed as a sidestream. The CFBBR biofilm’s toxicity response was compared to the sewer biofilm, a 2850 mg.L- 1 MLSS culture and a 10.5 mg.L- 1 MLSS culture (with equivalent biomass concentration to the CFBBR biofilm). The cultures responded differently with an inhibitory effect scale of Cu2+ > ATU > Ni2+ > Cr6+ for CFBBR biofilm, ATU > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr6+ for 2850 mg L- 1 MLSS, ATU > Ni2+ > Cr6+ > Cu2+ for 10.5 mg.L- 1 MLSS and ATU > Cu2+ > Cr6+ > Ni2+ for sewer biofilm. This was firstly attributed to suspended growth nitrification stimulation by Cu2+ doses up to ~45 mg.L- 1 resulting in a lower inhibitory effect. Secondly, very high Cr6+ and Ni2+ doses were required for biofilm nitrification inhibition, due to diffusion limitations and slow transport through cell membranes. The CFBBR biofilm response to heavy metals was characterised through N2O and CO2 spikes and a post shock emissions recovery period was observed with the trend Ni2+ > Cr6+ > Cu2+ . A 10 minute hydraulic retention time allowed quick detection and steady state nitrification rates of 0.4 g-NH4 + -N.m- 2 .d- 1 despite high organic loading rates. Additionally, a suspended growth based monitor (Nitritox) was assessed as an inlet works toxicity detector. Incorporation of a Nitritox with a CFBBR based sewer monitor offered increased robustness over a CFBBR only system and was shown to be viable system in catchments >200,000 population equivalent. This information is useful to water utilities so that they can plan for and experiment with upset early warning protocols. It is also useful to manufacturers as they can determine product performance needs.

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Bauer, Eric D. "The development process for an institutional pollution prevention program, a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ53628.pdf.

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Krobath, Laurie J. "Pollution prevention and treatability of phosphate laden wastewater in the seafood industry." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063425/.

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SHARMA, Ashok. "Assessing possibilities for pollution prevention in Indian industries by introducing clean technologies." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148891.

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Ji, Yadong. "Americanization in Health Prevention Messages: Testing the Persuasiveness of Americanized Health Prevention Messages in the Case of China’s Air Pollution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1585214934063316.

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Meyer, Ben Anton. "An examination of pollution awareness and prevention in Montana secondary agricultural education programs." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/meyer/MeyerB0807.pdf.

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Blanco-Canqui, Humberto. "Grass barrier and vegetative filter strip effectiveness in reducing runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115525.

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Rivera, Elias. "Measuring the integration of pollution prevention into PADEP's Bureau of Air Quality field force activities." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2002. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2002.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2959. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1-2]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).

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Windatt, Erin Patricia. "Voluntary pollution prevention initiatives and their application to small and medium-sized enterprises." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30238.pdf.

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Ponsford, Catherine. "Pollution prevention planning, a voluntary initiative for major industrial sites in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0022/MQ51450.pdf.

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Shah, Parag Indra. "Barriers to and enablers for effective pollution prevention practices in the Air Force." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10290.

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Tenney, Heather M. "A Comparison of voluntary and mandatory state pollution prevention program achievements : a thesis /." Boston, M.A. : Tufts University, 2000. http://www.turi.org/PDF/NewThesisFinalSS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Tufts University, 2000.
Cover title. "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University." "May 2000."

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Ozturk, Ertan. "A Chemical Substitution Study For A Wet Processing Textile Mill In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608413/index.pdf.

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The main environmental concern in the textile industry is about the amount of water discharged and the chemical load it carries. The total quantity of chemicals used in textile mills varies from 10% to over 100% of the weight of the cloth produced. Many chemicals currently used in the textile industry affect the amount and the type of waste produced and their influence the aquatic life of the receiving stream. One of the critical steps in pollution prevention studies is auditing the use of chemicals and making the necessary chemical substitutions. Chemical substitution simply means the replacement and/or reduction of hazardous chemicals in products and processes with less- or non-hazardous ones. This study was conducted on one of the major textile factories in Turkey with a capacity of 20,000 tons of denim fabric per year. During this study, chemical consumption level, recipes applied, environmentally problematic and alternative chemicals were examined. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the Textile Industry was accepted as main reference document and also related case studies were examined. According to the study, over 60% reduction in sulphide, which is very toxic to aquatic life, was achieved by replacing sulphur dyestuff with low sulphide content. By replacing an alternative complexing agent, the mill not only prevented the 3100 kg/month COD load to the WWTP, but also obtained more biodegradable wastewater generated during production. On the other hand, some of the chemical substitution options were on progress or dropped.

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Balabuha, D. S. "Waste minimisation and treatment in an electroplating production for prevention and control of pollution." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45132.

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Electroplating generates all three forms of waste – liquid, gaseous and solid. Of these, liquid wastes are predominant. Such liquid wastes include : spent chemicals and solutions such as acids, alkalies, cleaning agents, bath chemicals comprising plating chemicals as well as additives such as brighteners, levellers etc. and rinse waters, which may contain some or all of these depending upon sources, method of plating and housekeeping practices.

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Clark, Gordon E. "Evaluation of charred porous polymers as a method of storm water pollution prevention for shipyards." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359469.

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Manning, Cynthia J. "An analysis of pollution prevention efforts for ships homeported at Norfolk Naval Base, Norfolk, Virginia." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25676.

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Hann, Roy W., and Timoty P. Cowan. "Analysis of the Tri-service pollution prevention programs, comparison of characteristics, and recommendations for improvement." Thesis, College Station, Texas : Texas A&M University; Springfield, Va, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26368.

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The purpose of this report is to analyze how DOD implements a pollution prevention program through the three military services, the Army, Navy (including Marine Corps), and Air Force. The Department of Defense (DOD) pollution Prevention Program has the objective of minimizing use of such materials and resulting hazardous wastes

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Chetty, Sarika. "Legal measures for the prevention of oil pollution by ships and civil liability for oil pollution damage in South African marine and coastal waters." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15169.

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This paper will look at whether the legislation passed in South Africa aimed at preventing and prohibiting oil pollution, as well as current civil liability regimes for oil pollution accidents are adequate or if they fail to meet the standard required by international law. For instance, compensation for the damage and harm caused to the environment is vital in order to restore the sea and prevent further accidents. In terms of civil liability, South Africa ratified the Convention on Civil Liability, but failed to enact domestic legislation in terms of the Convention to regularly update current legislation so that the standards are high and enforceable in national law. The result was that South Africa was left financially unprepared to deal with future oil spills and prevention thereof.

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Butler, Gary Brooks. "Evaluating water quality impacts of alternative management practices through development of a BMP database." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/BUTLER_GARY_41.pdf.

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Wong, Tiow P. "Polyacrylamide (PAM) Effects on Viruses and Bacteria Transport in an Unsaturated Oxisol." Thesis, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22251.

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Experiments were to study the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on viruses and bacteria movement in soil. A water pollution problem which affects all areas with significant rainfall is soil erosion and subsequent transport of soil and all land-based pollutants. In recent year, high molecular weight polymers, such as anionic polyacrylamides (PAMs), have been used for soil erosion control and subsequent environmental problems. PAM is found to enhance infiltration. Land application of manure, sludge, and wastewater is common in many areas of the world, including the United States. Bacteria, viruses and other pathogens can be found in these waste materials. Studies must be conducts to evaluate if the use of polymers will allow water pollution constituents such as chemicals, pesticides, and microbial pathogens to reach groundwater in aquifer.
Water Resources Research Center; Civil Engineering Department of University of Hawaii at Manoa

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Turner, Michelle C. "Environmental Risk Factors for Lung Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study-II." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20528.

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This thesis examined associations between ecological indicators of residential radon and fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and lung cancer mortality using data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) prospective cohort. Nearly 1.2 million CPS-II participants were recruited in 1982. Mean county-level residential radon concentrations were linked to study participants according to ZIP code information at enrollment (mean (SD) = 53.5 (38.0) Bq/m3). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer mortality associated with radon. After necessary exclusions, a total of 811,961 participants in 2,754 counties were retained for analysis. A significant positive linear trend was observed between categories of radon concentrations and lung cancer mortality (p = 0.02). A 15% (95% CI 1 - 31%) increase in the risk of lung cancer mortality was observed per each 100 Bq/m3 radon. Radon was also positively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality (HR per each 100 Bq/m3 = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.21). No clear associations were observed between radon and non-respiratory mortality. In lifelong never smokers (n = 188,699), each 10 µg/m3 increase in mean metropolitan statistical area PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 15-27% increase in the risk of lung cancer death which strengthened among individuals with a history of asthma or any prevalent chronic lung disease at enrollment (p for interaction < 0.05). There was no association between PM2.5 and mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease. In conclusion, this thesis observed significant positive associations between ecological indicators of residential radon and PM2.5 concentrations and lung cancer mortality. These findings further support efforts to reduce radon concentrations in homes to the lowest possible level and strengthens the evidence that ambient concentrations of PM2.5 measured in recent decades are associated with small but measurable increases in lung cancer mortality. Further research is needed to better understand possible complex inter-relationships between environmental risk factors, chronic lung disease, and lung cancer.

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Maslowski, Martha Jane. "An assessment of solid waste management practices at Peguis First Nation, application of a pollution prevention initiative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/MQ51763.pdf.

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Vorster, Lana. "The liability of mines for the prevention, minimisation and remediation of pollution : a legal analysis / Vorster L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8091.

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The mining industry has played a major role in the history and demography of South Africa and has been the dominant contributor to the South African economy for more than a century. However, this contribution has been overemphasised when viewed in relation to mining related environmental impacts. Mining related waste and pollution have the potential to cause a significant undesirable effect on health and the environment because of its inherent toxicological, chemical and physical characteristics. With the possible negative effects of pollution determined, a further concern is that someone needs to be held liable for the loss of use of the resource or damage to human health or well–being. When mining activities negatively affect the health and well–being of people and impacts adversely on the entire array of interests safeguarded by section 24 of the Constitution, it is paramount that mines be held liable for future, present and historic pollution to prevent, minimise and/or remediate pollution. Environmental law will play a key role in this respect. Environmental laws must, however, be well defined for mining companies to operate within these legal boundaries on a range of issues such as; the mining impact on the environment, the prevention and minimisation of this impact and how mines must rehabilitate the area after mining is completed. This study investigates the extent to which the South African environmental law regime regulates mines and whether these laws adequately govern the mining industry’s liability for present, future as well as historic pollution which is affecting the nation’s health and safety.
Thesis (LLM (Environmental Law and Governance))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Brown, James S. III. "Environmentally benign chemical processing in expanded solvents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11769.

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Wang, Zhi. "Responses of macrobenthic communities to pollution control and fisheries management measures in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/644.

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Benthic animals have been widely used as health indicators of the marine benthic ecosystems in temperate regions. My PhD thesis mainly aimed to understand the responses of benthic ecosystem in tropical Hong Kong waters to the two management measures - pollution control and trawling ban. My study was based on sediment grab samples collected from 28 stations in three territory-wide surveys conducted in 2001, 2012 and 2015 in Hong Kong waters. I compared the spatial and temporal changes in macrobenthic community structure as well as physical and chemical characteristics of benthic habitats between surveys conducted before and after the pollution control measures in 2001 and 2012, as well as surveys before and after the fishery management measure in 2012 and 2015. The impacts of sewage pollution to benthic ecosystems had been noted in many studies, which included deteriorated water quality and bottom sediment, and disturbed, less diverse macrobenthic community dominated by opportunistic small-sized species. Therefore, sewage treatment and cessation of sewage effluent discharge were expected to lead to notable improvement in benthic habitats, biodiversity and macrobenthic communities; besides, responses of benthic ecosystems to pollution control may be hydrologically varied. In Hong Kong, a series of sewage treatment schemes, e.g. Stage 1 of Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS), Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), Tolo Harbour Effluent Export Scheme (THEES) and a number of sewage treatment works had been conducted in different areas of Hong Kong. Changes in the community structure were noted in the three focal areas with pollution control measures, i.e. Victoria Harbour, Deep Bay and Tolo Harbour; while apparent recoveries were noted inside the Victoria Harbour, the changes in benthic communities inside the Tolo Harbour and Deep Bay could not be attributed to the pollution control measures. Specifically, a decline in nutrient input to the eastern part of Victoria Harbour due to the implementation of HATS might have led to declined sedimentary total organic matter and the disappearance of the opportunistic species, and hence a recovery of benthic ecosystem therein. But in the sheltered Tolo Harbour and Deep Bay, neither improvement in sediment quality nor biodiversity were noted, thus indicating a longer duration is needed for the recovery of benthic ecosystems to take place in these land-locked bays. Degraded marine fishery resources and destruction in marine ecosystems had been noted since the introduction of modern trawling vessels had into Hong Kong since the 1950s and 1960s. Currently, most reports of benthic ecosystem responses to cessation of trawling originate from temperate regions, while it is not well understood for the situation in tropical areas. The territory-wide trawling ban in tropical Hong Kong waters was implemented by the Hong Kong government since December 31, 2012. Although improvement in benthic ecosystems was anticipated after the ban, it was unknown when this would happen and how different parts of the Hong Kong waters would respond to the trawling ban. My study showed that, around 3 years after the trawling ban, sedimentary organic matter content had increased significantly, and bottom water suspended solid loads had decreased in most of the survey stations, indicating territory-wide improvement in the benthic environment. Moreover, significant increases in richness, abundance and functional diversity of macrobenthos, as well as a more aggregated, fewer but larger station groups of macrobenthic communities were also detected after the trawling ban, indicating rapid recovery of the benthic communities. In conclusion, my study indicates that benthic communities in tropical Hong Kong can be used as bioindicators of environmental changes. Due to their restricted mobility, benthic organisms should be an integral part of the ecosystem monitoring aiming to detect the consequences of management measures to the marine environment. Environmental data including habitat complexity and hydrology are also required to fully understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of benthic ecosystems. Besides, my study has provided two territory-wide baseline data on the biodiversity and macrobenthic community structure in the tropical Hong Kong waters, which will be valuable for detecting future changes in the benthic ecosystems. My benthic ecology studies have resulted in a published paper and a manuscript ready for submission for publication. Besides focusing on benthic ecology, I have conducted taxonomic studies on benthic polychaetes, resulting in two published papers. As good taxonomy is the basis of high-quality data in benthic ecology, the training I received from studying these benthic polychaetes has enhanced my understanding of the biology of benthos, which is also important for my career development. However, since these papers do not fall into the main theme of my thesis, they are included in the thesis as appendixes only.

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Perricane, Lisa Helen. "County Demographic Influence on Toxic Chemical Activities of Chemical-Related Industry in Michigan." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1420.

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There are a large number of chemical facilities that emit toxic chemicals in Michigan, and there is a concern regarding toxic chemical exposure to the residents of Michigan counties. However, it is uncertain whether chemical companies that emit toxic chemicals in Michigan are influenced by county demographic factors in deciding whether to engage in voluntary pollution prevention (P2) activities and whether this decision influences U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) scores. Using Bullard's theory of environmental justice, the purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there was a correlation between chemical-related industry's voluntary P2 participation, U.S. EPA's RSEI scores for chemical-related facilities, and demographic factors in Michigan counties between 2007 through 2011. A cross-sectional design using hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to study potential environmental inequality in 20 Michigan counties. Publically available data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. EPA included demographic data, voluntary P2 participation data, and RSEI scores for 20 counties in Michigan. A statistically insignificant correlation was found between voluntary P2 participation and median annual RSEI scores of Michigan industry; while a statistically significant, inverse correlation was found between median annual RSEI scores and educational attainment. The results from this study can be used by policy makers to promote more effective voluntary P2 policy and to create county-specific public education programs promoting toxic chemical awareness that will lead to positive social change in Michigan.

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43

Mailley, Jennifer. "The prevention of mobile phone theft : a case study of crime as pollution : rational choices and consumer demand." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9645.

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This thesis makes two contributions to environmental criminology. The first contribution is a rational choice event model for mobile phone thieves. This is based on interviews with 40 mobile phone thieves. In addition, the deterrent effects of 23 designs of phone are assessed. Comparisons are made between the responses of offenders and non-offenders; and between experienced offenders and less experienced offenders. The results show that mobile phone thieves make discerning choices about which model of phone to steal at the point of theft. The factors affecting handset choice reflect Clarke s (1999) CRAVED characteristics. Mobile phone thieves are differentially deterred by a variety of design solutions, the most effective of which reduce the resale value of stolen handsets. In contrast with offenders, non-offenders are more easily deterred, and statistically significantly more deterred for five of the 23 designs presented in this thesis; do not appreciate the importance of resale value; and are not so aware of the possibilities for circumventing or neutralising security technology. The differences between offender and non-offender responses mean that offenders are arguably best placed to assess product use and misuse in the process of designing-out crime. The second contribution of this thesis is a Mobile Phone Theft Index which controls for phone availability in the absence of handset sales data. Mobile phone theft is arguably a form of pollution (Roman and Farrell, 2002) and can, therefore, be controlled using traditional pollution control instruments (Farrell and Roman, 2006). Informing the public of their risk of victimisation according to handset ownership would make security a marketable aspect of handset design, incentivising industry to decrease theft rates. Industry action to date shows evidence of obstructionism and pre-regulatory initiatives (Newman, 2004) meaning that a novel instrument such as the Index is necessary to alter the current status quo where industry costs UK society an estimated £1.2 billion per year (Mailley and Farrell, 2006).

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44

Electris, Christi. "Environmental technology and policy development in a regional system : transboundary water management and pollution prevention in southeastern Europe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41766.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-270).
In order to surmount the barriers to transboundary integration and coordination of environmental technology and regulatory policy in Southeastern Europe, the environmental capabilities and needs of the region are discussed, and a regional cooperation and coordination systems framework is developed. The thesis focuses on a case study of transboundary water resource management of the Mesta/Nestos River Basin between Bulgaria and Greece is presented in order to understand the coordination problems between a particular locality's level of integration in environmental technology development and use, and environmental regulatory policy, as well as the barriers to cooperation between two localities sharing a transboundary resource. For the case study, the physical characteristics and environmental stresses on the basin are described in detail. Next the policy governing local water resource management and environmental technology development is reviewed in terms of national laws and regulations, the bilateral diplomatic agreements, and the EU framework that drives much of the current activity in the basin today. Finally, the gaps in current policy and the barriers to coordinating water resource-related technology policy and environmental regulatory policy development are analyzed. The end result is a set of recommendations pertaining to the particular basin, but which can be generalized to other basins in the region. The focus is primarily on the coordination in both countries at the local and transboundary levels, but will also be explored within the context of the nation-wide and region-wide levels.
(cont.) Through this narrow case study, insight is gained as to how environmental technology policy can be coordinated with regulatory policy to surmount the obstacles faced in water resource management and the broader context, and how the institutional and legal framework in place affects the regulatory scheme and in turn the technology placement in both countries.
by Christi Electris.
S.M.

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45

Sinsheimer, Peter. "Fashioning a greener shade of clean integrating pollution prevention into public policy : the case of professional wet cleaning /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835200081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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46

Goff, William A. "Assessment of application, effectiveness, and compliance of forestry best management practices in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4427.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 109 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).

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47

Besterman-Dahan, Karen. "Cultural Factors and Concepts of Pollution: Colorectal Cancer and Health Behaviors among Ashkenazi Jewish Women." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002720.

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48

Arnfalk, Peter. "Virtual mobility and pollution prevention : the emerging role of ICT based communication in organisations and its impact on travel /." Lund : International Institute for Industrial Economics [Internationella miljöinstitutet], Univ, 2002. http://www.iiiee.lu.se/information/library/publications/dissertations/2002/1.pdf.

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49

Herbert, Rosemary 1955. "Making homes smoke-free : the impact of an empowerment intervention for parents." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115898.

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One-third of American children under the age of 18 years and one in ten Canadian children aged 0-11 years are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) predisposing them to multiple health problems. Although several intervention strategies to reduce ETS exposure among children have been tested, to date there is not enough evidence to recommend one strategy over another. The objectives of this study were: (a) to test if parents' participation in an intervention based on an empowerment ideology and participatory experiences decreases the number of cigarettes smoked in homes; and (b) to identify barriers to making homes and vehicles smoke-free, as well as facilitators used by parents to manage these barriers. To enable informed decision-making on how to measure empowerment, a systematic review was conducted to identify questionnaires that best measure health-related empowerment among adults and in families.
In a randomized controlled trial, 36 families were allocated to the intervention (n=17) or control group (n=19). The six week intervention included three, two hour group sessions, followed by three follow-up telephone calls, all at weekly intervals. Data were collected in interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and at six months follow-up.
No significant difference was detected between the intervention and control groups in the number of cigarettes smoked in the home daily at six months follow-up. However empowerment increased and the number of cigarettes smoked in the home decreased in both the intervention and control groups from baseline (median=17) to six-month follow-up (median=5).
Parents identified multiple barriers to smoke-free homes and vehicles including personal factors, factors involving others, and factors related to the physical environment. The most commonly identified barriers to smoke-free homes were personal factors, with tobacco addiction cited most often. In describing how to overcome barriers, parents identified facilitators involving other people as most effective, yet they most often relied on themselves. None ofthe parents identified a health provider as a facilitator. The multiple and complex barriers identified in this study suggest that interventions and practice guidelines should incorporate multiple strategies and individualized approaches to assist parents to make their homes and vehicles smoke-free.

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50

Jones, Cynthia L. "Pollution prevention in Oregon's electronics industry." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35161.

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Pollution prevention is promoted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental agencies as a method of reducing the generation of wastes and pollutants. Pollution prevention is also called source reduction because it reduces wastes early in the production process. Source reduction has been used by some industries to comply with governmental regulations and decrease costs associated with the management of hazardous materials. Nationally, the electronics industry generates a large quantity of hazardous waste. Similarly in Oregon, the electronics industry has recently been identified by the DEQ as one of the top five polluters in the state. The purpose of this research was to identify pollution prevention strategies that are currently being used by the electronics industry in Oregon and to assess the industry's interest in switching to less hazardous practices. A questionnaire was distributed to 180 businesses, which included all industries affiliated with the Oregon Electronics Association and additional electronics firms listed in Oregon phone directories. From those responding to the survey, the results indicated that electronics organizations in Oregon manufacture a wide variety of products including circuit boards, cable assemblies, software, laser equipment, printers, and control panels. Over half of those participating in the survey reported that the largest quantity of hazardous materials were generated early in the manufacturing process. Forty-seven percent of the respondents indicated they had attempted incorporating less hazardous compounds to those used previously. Common problems encountered which discouraged the industry from switching to less hazardous products or processes were revealed by the participants to include: The new product/process did not work as well (37%), did not believe current practices were harmful (18%), cost factors (14%), pressure from governmental agencies (3%), and other factors (28%). Fifty percent of those responding revealed that their company recycles materials within the facility. Participants indicated the products which were most likely to be recycled included cardboard (19%), office paper (18%), tin/aluminum (13%), newspaper (12%), and used chemicals (11%). The largest number of participants (43%) defined "green" or "environmentally safe/friendly" products as those that contain no known hazardous chemicals. Using this chosen definition, sixty-five percent of those responding indicated their organization did use these "green" products. It was indicated by those returning completed surveys that one reason the industry has attempted to incorporate less hazardous products and processes into their production process is primarily because of long term financial benefits. Other factors influencing the use of less hazardous materials included ethical concerns and the desire to find safer products that work as well as current products. A vast majority of respondents indicated more should be done in the area of pollution prevention and want leadership to come from within the industry itself. It is recommended that top executives in this field meet to share methods of overcoming obstacles to pollution prevention, clarify current terminology as it relates to new products, develop a system of rewarding those who are engaging in pollution prevention activities and promote technology transfer.
Graduation date: 1995

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pollution prevention'

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