Journal articles: 'Pollution problems solutions'

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Abdrakhmanov, Andesh, Berikbay Orazaliyev, Beibut Zhusin, Symbat Tynysbekova, and Barbara Krzysztofik. "Solutions to Pollution Problems of Oil." Agricultural Engineering 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2017-0011.

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AbstractThe purpose of the research is to improve the processes of conservation indicators of quality petroleum products (POL). As a hypothesis, it was assumed that the quality of fuel depends on its main quality parameters that most strongly vary during storage and transportation. The methods were applied which are used at the theoretical level of research, such as abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, etc. We presented the main problems of pollution of oil. Moreover, we provided indicators of physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and motor oil, which characterize their performance and the list of used additives. We analysed the scientific and patent work. We provided solutions to the problem. Correct storage and use of fuel will help maintain its quality parameters and ensure safety and durability of machinery.

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Lodge, James P. "The biosphere: Problems and solutions." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no. 4 (January 1987): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90101-6.

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Crane, Andrew. "Environmental problems and solutions—Greenhouse effect, acid rain, pollution." Environmental Pollution 69, no. 1 (1991): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90166-t.

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Devaraj, K. R. "Air Pollution in India – Causes, Effects and Solutions." International Review of Business and Economics 1, no. 3 (2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.8.

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Air is the necessary for the very existence of human beings, animals and plants that appeared on the earth. However, due to the rapid growth of population and technology the air was polluted day by day. In 2011, India’s Central Pollution Control Board had presented the report according to which 180 cities in India had particulate matter six times more than the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization in the air. Vehicles, biomass burning, fuel tarnishing are few of the major causes of air pollution in India. The problem of air pollution is so big that we cannot manage to pay for overlook it. As such it has to be handled with a high degree of care. This paper focuses on causes, effects of air pollutions in India and steps to solve the problems and policy measures to ensure reduce air pollution to the entire resident of earth. This study mainly descriptive in nature and secondary data are used for the purpose of the study. The data was collected from books, various articles, journals and websites.

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Makhlyayd, Arthur A., and Elena I. Chekmezova. "Criminal liability for criminal air pollution: current problems and solutions." Yugra State University Bulletin 18, no. 3 (October 8, 2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18822/byusu20220318-28.

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The subject of the present research is the mechanism of criminal law protection of atmospheric air from negative anthropogenic impact on it. The purpose of the research is to identify and update the shortcomings of Article 251 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes criminal liability for criminal air pollution, as well as to propose ways to eliminate them. The methodological basis of the research is the formal legal method, the method of content analysis, as well as methods of induction and deduction. In the study of Article 251 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the content analysis method was used. The formal legal method is applied in the analysis of such concepts as "air pollution", "other changes of the natural property of air". Based on the deduction method, legally significant signs of criminal pollution of the atmosphere are determined. Using the inductive method, the research of the level of danger of anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere was managed. As a result of the research, the difficulties of law enforcement practice of Article 251 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are revealed, ways of overcoming them are determined. The problems of distinguishing between criminal air pollution and an administratively punishable offense provided for in Article 8.21 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the absence of clarification in the Criminal Code, as well as by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of the concept of "other change in the natural properties of the air", the absence of terminological unity of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the relevant legislation, special attention is paid to the consideration of the subjective side of the crime, and also the contradictory approach of legislators, to identify qualifying signs of criminal pollution of the atmosphere.

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Urmetzer, Peter, Donald E. Blake, and Neil Guppy. "Individualized Solutions to Environmental Problems: The Case of Automobile Pollution." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 25, no. 3 (September 1999): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551524.

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Zabadal, Jorge, Bardo Bodmann, and Vinicius Ribeiro. "Analytical solutions for water pollution problems using quasi-conformal mappings." Applied Mathematics and Computation 264 (August 2015): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2015.04.082.

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Woodward, Richard T. "Market-Based Solutions to Environmental Problems: Discussion." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 2 (August 2000): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020344.

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AbstractThere is rapidly growing interest in the use of market-based (MB) instruments in environmental policy. The papers in this session discuss three relatively new areas for such policies: groundwater contamination, nonpoint source surface-water pollution and carbon sequestration. The papers point out the potential for MB policies in these areas, but significant challenges remain. This comment highlights challenges related to five issues: monitoring and enforcement, trading ratios, baselines, transaction costs, and risk and uncertainty. All these issues must be addressed before MB policies can take the full step from economic theory to regulatory reality.

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Boichenko M. V. "Green Logistics in Freight Transportation: Problems, Possible Solutions." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(41) (December 16, 2021): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2021.2(41).152-155.

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The transportation is one of basic sources of negative impact on environment. Main problems that restrain green logistics development in Ukraine are the following: environmental priorities depend on economic feasibility; the national system of environment protection has inefficient management; the observance of environment protection laws and environmental rights and duties of citizens is very poor; low compliance with environment protection laws and lack of strict accountability for their violation; absence of clear scheme of green logistics implementation in a company; there are no incentives for green logistics implementation; there is no direct cause to effect connection with delivery chain and environment etc. Possible arrangements that may improve development of economic control and market tools for environment protection against negative impact of movable sources of pollution in Ukraine can be: setting fees for negative environmental impact considering costs necessary for environment protection activities; instead of charging fees for pollution in the excess of established limits charge for the reparation of environmental damage; introducing incentives for companies implementing environmental modernization programs for movable fleet; giving advantages to transport companies that (among other equal terms) comply with environmental standards; gradual implementing the system of environmental standards statement and environmental audit; raising environmental and social responsibility of business.

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van der Voet, Ester, René Kleijn, and Helias A. Udo de Haes. "Nitrogen pollution in the European Union – origins and proposed solutions." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038509.

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SummaryThe European Union is faced with major environmental problems related to nitrogen (N) compounds. The origins of three such problems, the atmospheric deposition of N compounds, the leaching of nitrates to ground-water and the anthropogenic N-input to the North Sea, are investigated by means of a Substance Flow Analysis (SFA); the reference year is 1988. Although the problems occur at various scales and have varying direct causes, food production and consumption together are the main responsible sectors, and the production and import of fertilizer appear to be the major ultimate sources in all three cases. Measures to combat these problems have been agreed to in various international frameworks: the European Community, the International North Sea Conference and the Rhine States Conference. These measures include technical emission reduction for acidifying compounds resulting in a 30% emission reduction; extension of the sewage treatment network and application of denitrification with 50% effectiveness; and introduction of measures directed at efficiency increase and emission reduction in agricultural practice in 10% of the agricultural area. The recent changes in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are not expected to lead to significant changes in N flows. Assuming full implementation, an almost sufficient 45% reduction is expected for the anthropogenic nitrogen input into the North Sea. The atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds will be reduced by approximately 20%. The leaching of nitrates to the ground-water is expected to remain at the current level or even to increase a little. In all, these measures are conducive to solving, but do not satisfactorily solve, the three problems, mainly because the ultimate origins of the problems are not sufficiently influenced and measures therefore inevitably result in a shifting of problems.

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Elias, Erasto, Bashira A. Majaja, Said Ibrahim, and Emmanuel G. R. Kizima. "Noise Pollution in Maize Milling Smes." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v35i1.467.

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Maize milling SMEs emit high levels of noise which can have adverse effects on humanbeings and therefore require controlling. This paper reports on a study that involvedassessment and measurement of noise level in maize milling SMEs in DSM and Morogorourban, gathering opinions of workers and the neighbouring population on noise problems,and suggesting solutions for noise control. Noise measurements in 41 SMEs were recordedfrom 89-103 dBA in DSM and 92-103 dBA in Morogoro near the milling machines. Thesevalues were higher than the safe level of 85 dBA for 8 hours working shift. Measurementalso indicated high noise in the immediate neighbourhood of the milling plants. Machineoperators and neighbours indicated health problems which could be a result of machinenoise. Causes of high noise were identified to include loose or untightened machine parts,improper installation of machine system, use of worn out machine bearings, and the use ofimproperly designed and unbalanced milling hammers. Possible administrative andtechnical solutions for these problems were suggested. It is concluded from this study thatmost of maize milling SMEs produce high noise which is indeed pollutant to workers andthe neighbouring population. Therefore, it is important to implement the suggestedadministrative and technical solutions to minimise this problem.

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Kaffashi, Sara, Mad Shamsudin, Maynard S. Clark, Shaufique Sidique, and Alias Radam. "Road Transport System in Southeast Asia; Problems and Economic Solutions." Current World Environment 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.1.02.

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In Southeast Asian countries (SEA), road transport accounts for the main energy consumption and CO2 emission. Air pollution is a major concern in densely populated cities such as Bangkok, Manila, and Kuala Lumpur. The main objective of this paper is to give insights on trends of transport development, car ownership, and CO2 emissions in Southeast Asia. This study also attempts to review the successful transportation policies around the globe and to introduce the possible instruments that can help reduce air pollution in Southeast Asian countries. Economic instruments to estimate the benefits of a cleaner environment due to new policies are introduced as well. The results of this research could help policy makers consider approaches that could internalize external costs of transportation and maximize the societal welfare.

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Lodge, James P. "NMR of humic substances and coal, techniques, problems and solutions." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 8 (January 1988): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90425-8.

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Holder-Franklin, M. A. "Aquatic microorganisms: processes, populations, and molecular solutions to environmental problems." JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH 1, no. 4 (1992): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00044167.

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Olufunke, Kehinde. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA: POLLUTION IN FOCUS." Economics & Law 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/el.swu.v3i2.2.

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Environmental problem in Nigeria is a phenomenon that needs urgent attention from the relevant stakeholders and concerned individuals. Environmental problem in Nigeria comes in diverse ways and forms and they lead to various forms of hazards both on the citizens and the environment at large. It has been discovered that the laws put in place for regulating the environment is grossly inadequate and thus, there is a need to amend some of these laws and ensure adequate enforcement of the ones already enacted as it has been identified that there is a lack of enforcement mechanism by the bodies saddled with the responsibility of enforcing these laws already put in place. This paper examined some of the environmental problems in Nigeria and focuses mainly on pollution as a significant problem affecting the Nigeria environment. Various forms of pollution were identified, causes and effects of pollution were adequately addressed in this paper. The paper was not concluded without proffering solutions to the identified problems.

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Benarie, Michael. "The biosphere: Problems and solutions." Science of The Total Environment 46, no. 1-4 (November 1985): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90306-7.

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Bin Qadhi, Salem M., Saeed Y. Bashir, and Taha O. Assaggaf. "Problems of Bacteriological Pollution in Water Wells in Wadi Hadramout Water Project." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol6iss2pp85-92.

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This paper presents an existing problem of drinking water pollution for a small project and one of the model projects of drinking water in Yemen, designed to save and preserve good quality water for the present and future generations in the area. The paper gives the details of the project and explains the problem of bacteriological pollution and the steps undertaken to solve the problem. Some of the results for short-term solutions and recommendation for the long-term solutions are also given.

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Nolan, Cynthia. "Global Problem, Individual Solutions?" Catholic Social Science Review 25 (2020): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20202538.

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Our Holy Father Pope Francis has encouraged the entire world to care for the earth by protecting its beauty and gifts. Laudato Si was written in 2015, and we are perhaps even more challenged five years later with global environmental problems mostly because the solutions have gotten harder. China refuses to import foreign recyclables, and many developed nations do not have anywhere else to turn. So, what is the obligation of the individual to solve the global problems of pollution, waste, and degraded climate? Is the effort just as virtuous as the result?

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Garnett, Tara. "Food sustainability: problems, perspectives and solutions." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112002947.

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The global food system makes a significant contribution to climate changing greenhouse gas emissions with all stages in the supply chain, from agricultural production through processing, distribution, retailing, home food preparation and waste, playing a part. It also gives rise to other major environmental impacts, including biodiversity loss and water extraction and pollution. Policy makers are increasingly aware of the need to address these concerns, but at the same time they are faced with a growing burden of food security and nutrition-related problems, and tasked with ensuring that there is enough food to meet the needs of a growing global population. In short, more people need to be fed better, with less environmental impact. How might this be achieved? Broadly, three main ‘takes’ or perspectives, on the issues and their interactions, appear to be emerging. Depending on one's view point, the problem can be conceptualised as a production challenge, in which case there is a need to change how food is produced by improving the unit efficiency of food production; a consumption challenge, which requires changes to the dietary drivers that determine food production; or a socio-economic challenge, which requires changes in how the food system is governed. This paper considers these perspectives in turn, their implications for nutrition and climate change, and their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, an argument is made for a reorientation of policy thinking which uses the insights provided by all three perspectives, rather than, as is the situation today, privileging one over the other.

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Zhang, Mei Hua, and Xin Yi Xiang. "Solutions for Problems Related with Electronic Information Industry Development in Chongqing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1529.

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Currently electronic information industry is in rapid development in Chongqing. While electronic products as well as electronic wastes will introduce potential ecological risks and there are many pollution cases related with them. Background of rapid development of electronic information industry in Chongqing can be described as follows: on the one hand, environmental standards and regulations for this industry in developed countries are stricter than before. On the other hand, related environment problems have already been obvious and serious in Guangdong, which leads to the transfer of such industry into inner regions such as Chongqing. In addition, there will be a hysteresis effect for the potential ecological risk and dangers, which lead to potential worries to the rapid development of electronic information industry in Chongqing. To get around of the trap of development, many problems should be dealt with in Chongqing as follows: global survey on product potential pollution and standards of electronic information industry; investigation on existing pollution cases; environmental impact evaluation on rapid development of electronic information industry in Chongqing. The suggestions and solutions are as follows: international environment standards should be adopted in Chongqing; special privileges should be avoided in industrial development environment building, which will be helpful to keep the strict environment standards; as for special aspects with uncertain environmental impacts, scientific support should be provided, which will be used to support reliable and sensible policy-making.

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Chen, Suqin. "Using Sociological Theories and Methods to Analyze the Solutions and Measures of Environmental Pollution Problems." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9904222.

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In order to further improve the effectiveness of environmental pollution control and improve the quality of the atmospheric ecological environment, this article discusses regional environmental pollution control from the perspective of sociological theories and methods. Therefore, the article starts with the characteristics of environmental air pollution, combined with linear regression analysis and PSR model principal component analysis, focuses on the impact factors of environmental pollution, and concludes that the weights of pressure layer, state layer, and response layer for the impact of environmental state are 0.4824, 0.261, and 0.1207, respectively. On this basis, from the perspective of social, collaborative governance, and public management, this article focuses on the political measures of environmental pollution.

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Glegg, Gillian A., and Jonathan P. Richards. "Chemicals in Household Products: Problems with Solutions." Environmental Management 40, no. 6 (September 26, 2007): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-007-9022-1.

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Zaernyuk, Victor, Yuriy Zabaykin, Mikhail Kharlamov, and Zhang Chi. "Economic growth, pollution, and quality of environment: estimation of problems and solutions." Economic Annals-ХХI 183, no. 5-6 (June 4, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v183-04.

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Faced with the dilemma of industrial economic growth and improved environmental quality, the government must formulate a sound environmental regulatory policy to accelerate the tipping point of improving environmental quality. In our opinion, the issues of measuring the effectiveness and rationality of economic policies and environmental regulation tools will be at the centre of scientists’ upcoming research. Production with a high level of pollution limits the further development of the economy of any country. It is necessary to radically change the mode of development of the industrial economy, which requires a constant increase in the overall productivity of «green» factors of production, which contribute to improving the quality of economic growth in industry. In the process of accelerating the «green» transformation of the economy, the important role of the productivity of «green» factors in the transformation of the economic growth regime should be fully realized. The authors examine environmental factors that directly affect the country’s economy in the context of the selected indicators. Improving the quality of the environment is not an inevitable endogenous result in the process of economic growth, that is why, we cannot continue the current extensive economic growth regime and expect automatic improvement in the quality of the environment. There is a certain threshold for the quality of the environment. As soon as environmental pollution exceeds the capacity of the ecosystem, it will lead to irreversible environmental losses. Therefore, we must first correct the concept of pollution, and then control it, taking into account the improvement of environmental quality and economic growth.

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Zabadal, Jorge R. S. "Approximate solutions for two dimensional problems in water pollution – component suppression schemes." Ciência e Natura 22, no. 22 (December 11, 2000): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27059.

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In this work, a new hybrid method for solving problems in water pollution is proposed. The method furnishes approximate solutions for the two-dimensional transport equation in analytical form, in cases when the coupling between the hydrological and transport models can be neglected. The high speed processing of the scheme allows to simulate the transient dispersion in real time using low performance microcomputers.

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Li, Zhongguo, Puqi Jia, Fu Zhao, and Yikun Kang. "Mercury Pollution, Treatment and Solutions in Spent Fluorescent Lamps in Mainland China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122766.

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With the increasing awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, high energy-consuming incandescent lamps have been largely withdrawn from the stage of mainland China’s lighting industry because the main raw material for electricity production-coal-produces mercury pollution when burned and energy-saving fluorescent lamps have made considerable progress. However, fluorescent lamps emit mercury, which still causes environmental pollution. In this work, the existing problems in the development of fluorescent lamps, and in the collection and treatment of spent fluorescent lamps were analyzed. The contributions of various external factors to the above problems were evaluated based on fuzzy theory. Finally, solutions to control the pollution of mercury from fluorescent lamps and spent fluorescent lamps were proposed. Results show that the biggest problem that causes mercury pollution is the first among three factors: energy conservation and mercury emission from fluorescent lamps and spent fluorescent lamps, spent fluorescent lamp collection and spent fluorescent lamp treatment. The best way to solve these problems is by developing an energy-saving and environment-friendly light emitting diode (LED) industry in mainland China.

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Bayneva, I. I. "CURRENT PROBLEMS OF LIGHT POLLUTION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 302 (May 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.05.pp.051-055.

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The article deals with the quality of the light environment, the “light pollution” of cities, which creates visual discomfort and has a negative effect on human health and the environment. Indicators of discomfort and sources of light pollution are considered. Functional lighting of urban areas and spaces, architectural lighting of facades of buildings, structures, landscapes, illuminated advertising determine not only the visual character of many cities, but are also powerful sources of their light pollution.Effective distribution of light energy in the city is impossible without competent lighting solutions in the design of lighting installations of all types. For outdoor lighting, it is advisable to use energy-saving light sources and lamps of reflected light, as well as to reduce the cost of lighting at certain intervals.

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Petru, Bacal. "Optimization Problems and Solutions of Forest Resources Management in Moldova." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2014-0009.

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Abstract The main problems of forest management in Moldova are: consumerist approach of the forest fund; the superficial management of indirect economic functions and ecological functions; illegal logging, overgrazing, massive pollution with domestic waste; the closed character of decision making in the forestry sector; the limitation of population's access to forest lease land and the abuses in this field; cumulating and duplication of management functions; the inefficient realization of evaluation and integrated monitoring of forest fund, especially in the communal forests.

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Gerding, Jeffrey M., and Kyle P. Vealey. "When Is a Solution Not a Solution? Wicked Problems, Hybrid Solutions, and the Rhetoric of Civic Entrepreneurship." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 31, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 290–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651917695538.

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This article examines the ongoing development of +POOL, a recreational pool, filtration system, and floating laboratory, to better understand the rhetorical work involved in civic entrepreneurship. The authors consider how the overall development of +POOL as an entrepreneurial venture might help expand the inventive possibilities for civic entrepreneurs coming to grips with wicked problems today. The study offers a look into the rhetorical work of civic entrepreneurship by examining the way +POOL develops a hybrid solution, which recognizes and foregrounds the notion that wicked problems, such as the pollution of the East River, can never be fully understood or known at any one moment. Hybrid solutions, then, offer stable outcomes for civic entrepreneurial ventures that are dynamic enough to continually adapt to the shifting and evolving contours of a wicked problem.

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Randall, Alan, and Michael A. Taylor. "Incentive-Based Solutions to Agricultural Environmental Problems: Recent Developments in Theory and Practice." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 2 (August 2000): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020319.

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AbstractTheory predicts that incentive-based regulatory instruments reduce compliance costs by encouraging efficient resource allocation and innovation in environmental technology. Cost reductions from pollution permit trading often have exceeded expectations, but the devil is in the details: the rules matter. In recent years, IB instruments of many kinds, from permit trading to various informal voluntary agreements, have been introduced in many countries. Point-nonpoint trading programs have been established in the U.S., but recorded trades have been rare. We speculate about prospects for performance-based monitoring of agricultural nonpoint pollution which, we believe, would encourage trading to the benefit of farmers and society.

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Warkentin, B. P. "Diffuse pollution: lessons from soil conservation policies." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0423.

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Diffuse pollution of water from various land uses requires a control approach different from the uniform regulations that were successful for point sources. Local solutions, designed by local watershed councils, are preferred over national directives. Soil erosion control policy, based on voluntary measures coordinated by local conservation districts, provides a guide for improvement of water quality in watersheds. Local planning and action are supplemented by government provision of free technical advice, economic incentives and public education programs. There are no national standards, because land use decisions are a guarded prerogative of individual landowners. Among the lessons that can be transferred to diffuse pollution control are the practicality of the voluntary approach, the need for continuing financial incentives, local solutions to local problems, the wide range of effectiveness of local groups, the uncertainty whether the most critical problems are resolved and the need for education to foster a normative attitude of what we ought to do for watershed health.

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Fisher-Vanden, Karen, and Sheila Olmstead. "Moving Pollution Trading from Air to Water: Potential, Problems, and Prognosis." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.147.

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This paper seeks to assess the current status of water quality trading and to identify possible problems and solutions. Water pollution permit trading programs have rarely been comprehensively described and analyzed in the peer-reviewed literature. Including active programs and completed or otherwise inactive programs, we identify approximately three dozen initiatives. We describe six criteria for successful pollution trading programs and consider how these apply to standard water quality problems, as compared to air quality. We then highlight some important issues to be resolved if current water quality trading programs are to function as the “leading edge” of a new frontier in cost-effective pollution permit trading in the United States.

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Beykzade, Mohammad, and Sepide Beykzade. "Management Evaluate and Review Solutions to Reduce Soil Pollution." SPECTA Journal of Technology 4, no. 3 (October 28, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v4i3.214.

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Crude oil is a complex natural mixture that is one of the main sources of energy for life. Oil pollution has unpleasant effects on the environment that can cause many problems for human beings, since the toxicity and carcinogenesis of oil compounds for living creatures and humans are obvious and proven. The oil-contaminated soils and waters are one of the most important environmental issues. Scientists have proved different ways to clean up oil pollution throughout history. In this research, ways to reduce and eliminate pollution of crude oil in the soil are going to be studied. The following methods are suggested : The use of electrochemical methods for reducing the aromatic contamination of crude oil, The use of biodegradable and synthetic detergents for the removal of oil hydrocarbons, bioremediation of soil contaminated with plants. Finally, by reviewing the results obtained, solutions can be found to clean up the pollution of crude oil from the soil, Because cleaning up crude from soil reduces environmental degradation.

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Walker, Dan. "Oceans and Watersheds: Common Problems, Common Solutions." Marine Technology Society Journal 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522217.

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In its final report, An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy makes a strong case that addressing some of the most pressing coastal and marine policy issues will require developing fundamental information needed to allow policy decisions to be made within an ecosystem-based context. Establishing an effective ocean observing system is clearly one of the most important challenges and opportunities facing the ocean science and policy community. Progress is being made in hardware development, including sensor and platform designs and construction, as well as in data exchange and management, suggesting that a truly useful system for understanding and predicting ocean conditions is technically feasible, if given adequate resources, and lies in the near future.The Commission also points out that actions taking place on land have profound influence on coastal environmental quality. This conclusion has significant implications for the development of information intended to support policy making, especially with regard to two of the most widely recognized coastal policy problems, nutrient pollution and land loss. This article briefly reviews a series of coastal and watershed policy challenges endemic to a specific watershed and coastal region (i.e., the Mississippi River Basin and the northern Gulf of Mexico) to point out: i) that the interrelationship of many watershed and coastal issues is significant, ii) that efforts to acquire adequate information to support effective marine policy decisions can benefit from similar efforts taking place in watersheds, iii) that steps should be taken to ensure that decision makers shaping marine and coastal policy have access to appropriate watershed information, and finally, iv) that in many instances, policy making must dovetail efforts to address watershed and coastal policy issues, in order to increase the likelihood of success.

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May, I. V., and S. Yu Zagorodnov. "Ecological Forecasting of Industrial Dust Emissions: Problems and Solutions." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-7-42-47.

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The results of the study of the levels of atmospheric air pollution by solid particles with different approaches to the accounting of dust and the analysis of the sufficiency and validity of permissible emission standards are presented. On the example of an operating enterprise, taking into account the current inventory, a comparative analysis of the levels of exposure to solid chemicals and the sum of all dusts (TSP) was performed. It is established that the dust factor at the total emission, forms the values of the maximum concentrations 2 times more than the individual chemical components. The presented results confirm the need to review the existing approaches to the regulation of emissions of solid components, including the inclusion in the system of the assessment of the sufficiency of emissions by the criterion of the total impact of dust in general. A correctly estimated level of total dust exposure will allow to exclude an unacceptable level of exposure to solid industrial emissions at the initial stage of the formation of project and environmental documentation (NDV projects).

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Samsunlu, A., and L. Akça. "Coastal pollution and mitigation measures in Turkey." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 8 (April 1, 1999): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0374.

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Turkey is a developing country where industrial and urban developments mostly occur in coastal areas. Besides the present pollution loads, newly developed tourist areas and industries, through increased input of wastes, further stress the coasts of Turkey. In this study, the state of sewerage systems, treatment plants and sea outfalls in Turkish coasts were investigated. The pollution problems should be considered differently from region to region. Development of coastal areas appeared to be partially tourist and partially industrial in nature. Because of this fact, problems from different coastal areas were discussed in different projects and solutions were recommended.

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Cropotova, Janna, and Svetlana Popel. "Mercury-Contaminated Fish and Essential Fatty Acids: Problems and Solutions." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 1 (June 2012): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).29.

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Fish consumption is an important part of human diet due to essential omega-3 fatty acids found naturally in this product. Many researchers from all over the world found that high mercury concentrations in the body reduced the heart-protective effects of the fatty acids in fish oils. People shouldn't be constrained by choosing between the health hazards related to toxins caused by industrial pollution and the nutritional benefits provided by consummation of essential fatty acids contained in oily fish. It is very important to find an alternative natural source of essential omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA to restore an optimal ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet.

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Burić, Emil, and Mirjana Kovačić. "Problems of Construction of Receiving Stations for Wastewater from Vessels in Marinas and Ports." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 61, no. 1 (December 2021): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2021.61.06.

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The paper presents the legislation of Croatia and the EU on the prevention of sea water pollution by wastewater from boats, yachts and other smaller vessels. The authors analyse the key legal determinants and explain their impact on the pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater from boats, yachts and other smaller vessels. The specifics of the Adriatic Sea with regard to potential pollution are determined and the previous experiences and effects on the environment are explained. It’s a fact that the national legislation is not effective enough in matters of marine environmental protection, which is why the authors propose changes and qualitative solutions. A review of previous research has shown that there are appropriate solutions and interest from boaters in terms of using appropriate receiving stations for the reception of wastewater from vessels and boats. A SWOT analysis was made where the strengths and opportunities for the establishment of an appropriate system of receiving stations were identified.

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Zhang, Lin Bo. "The Application of Hydraulic Model in Water Environment Pollution Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.436.

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The paper introduces the application of hydraulic model in environmental problems, discusses several examples using hydraulic model in environmental problems and several important factors in the process of the use of hydraulic model to study the water environment pollution simulation, which involves abnormal model, the transverse diffusion coefficient, pollutant simulation and so on. The applicable conditions, constraints and their possible solutions of this technology are also discussed.

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Kanoh, M., T. Kuroki, K. Fujino, and T. Ueda. "Weighted Finite Difference and Boundary Element Methods Applied to Groundwater Pollution Problems." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0451.

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The purpose of the paper is to apply two methods to groundwater pollution in porous media. The methods are the weighted finite difference method and the boundary element method, which were proposed or developed by Kanoh et al. (1986,1988) for advective diffusion problems. Numerical modeling of groundwater pollution is also investigated in this paper. By subdividing the domain into subdomains, the nonlinearity is localized to a small region. Computational time for groundwater pollution problems can be saved by the boundary element method; accurate numerical results can be obtained by the weighted finite difference method. The computational solutions to the problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers are compared with experimental results.

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Brenner, Karl S. "Waste incineration and PCDD/F‐formation —problems, solutions." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 47, no. 1-2 (January 1995): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249509358121.

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Kelkit, Abdullah. "Environmental problems of Canakkale City and solutions." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 19, no. 1 (2003): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2003.002349.

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Hennig, Bernhard. "International scientists seek solutions for environmental problems." Reviews on Environmental Health 34, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0058.

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ERDAS-KARTAL, Eda, and Ezgi ADA. "Causes, Consequences and Solutions to Environmental Problems from the Eyes of Preschool Children." Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health 8 (April 1, 2022): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.1112017.

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This study is a case study that investigates the perceptions of preschool children about the causes, consequences, and solutions to environmental problems. A total of 41 children participated in the study. The data were obtained by using the draw and explain the technique, which included 3 different drawings and telling the children about the causes, consequences, and solutions of environmental problems. In the analysis of the data, the content analysis method was used. As a result of the research, it was found that the preschool children's perceptions were limited; however, as the age group grows, it has been determined that the icons used in the pictures related to the causes, consequences, and solutions of the environmental problems vary. It was revealed that the children associate the causes and consequences of environmental problems with pollution and the ways of solving environmental problems with the prevention/elimination of this pollution. It has been observed that the number of children related to the destruction of nature and irresponsible consumption of natural resources with environmental problems is very limited. In order to improve children's perceptions of environmental problems, it is suggested that teachers and parents should give more space to activities and games related to the environment in daily flow.

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ERDAS-KARTAL, Eda, and Ezgi ADA. "Causes, Consequences and Solutions to Environmental Problems from the Eyes of Preschool Children." Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health 8 (April 1, 2022): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.01112017.

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This study is a case study that investigates the perceptions of preschool children about the causes, consequences, and solutions to environmental problems. A total of 41 children participated in the study. The data were obtained by using the draw and explain the technique, which included 3 different drawings and telling the children about the causes, consequences, and solutions of environmental problems. In the analysis of the data, the content analysis method was used. As a result of the research, it was found that the preschool children's perceptions were limited; however, as the age group grows, it has been determined that the icons used in the pictures related to the causes, consequences, and solutions of the environmental problems vary. It was revealed that the children associate the causes and consequences of environmental problems with pollution and the ways of solving environmental problems with the prevention/elimination of this pollution. It has been observed that the number of children related to the destruction of nature and irresponsible consumption of natural resources with environmental problems is very limited. In order to improve children's perceptions of environmental problems, it is suggested that teachers and parents should give more space to activities and games related to the environment in daily flow.

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Wang, Kun, and Yau Shu Wong. "Is Pollution Effect of Finite Difference Schemes Avoidable for Multi-Dimensional Helmholtz Equations with High Wave Numbers?" Communications in Computational Physics 21, no. 2 (February 2017): 490–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0057.

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AbstractThis paper presents an approach using the method of separation of variables applied to 2D Helmholtz equations in the Cartesian coordinate. The solution is then computed by a series solutions resulted from solving a sequence of 1D problems, in which the 1D solutions are computed using pollution free difference schemes. Moreover, non-polluted numerical integration formulae are constructed to handle the integration due to the forcing term in the inhomogeneous 1D problems. Consequently, the computed solution does not suffer the pollution effect. Another attractive feature of this approach is that a direct method can be effectively applied to solve the tridiagonal matrix resulted from numerical discretization of the 1D Helmholtz equation. The method has been tested to compute 2D Helmholtz solutions simulating electromagnetic scattering from an open large cavity and rectangular waveguide.

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Burkart, M. R. "Diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture: sustainability, challenges, and opportunities." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.067.

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Global expansion and intensification of industrialized agriculture during the last 50 years was facilitated by the replacement of labor by imported chemicals and energy, thus changing the economics and the social fabric of rural communities as well as impairing water, air, and soil resources essential to sustaining food and fiber production in a world with an increasing appetite. To effectively understand and solve complex problems resulting from this agricultural revolution, expanded communications are needed at a variety of levels. It is critical for the technical community to communicate through greater interdisciplinary research among agronomists, soil scientists, hydrologists, ecologists, and others to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture. Also, more effective translations of technical problems and solutions are needed to influence policy. Accurate advice is needed in spite of the uncertainties that scientists too often use to obscure useful information. Education will be needed for producers and conservationists to gain confidence that promised environmental responses will occur if solutions are to be implemented at more than experimental or demonstration scales. The search for comprehensive solutions to environmental degradation will require understanding the ultimate causes of pollution, not just the proximal causes. The ultimate causes will only be found by examining the systems that facilitate the release of contaminants to the environment such as the wholesale landscape changes that replaced grazing land with annual crops leading to increased leaching and runoff. Research and demonstration projects increasingly need collaborations among agronomists, livestock scientists, soil scientists, hydrologists, economists, sociologists and others who have a stake in the study of diffuse pollution and the outcomes of any proposed solutions. Partnerships developed at the working level where basic principles can be shared will help avoid the pursuit of impractical solutions when viewed from different perspectives.

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Боронина, Л. В. "Sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Lower Volga Region: problems and solutions." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2021.06.03.

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Волга почти на всем протяжении от Твери до Астрахани является истощенным водоемом по качественному составу. По Нижневолжскому бассейну ресурс экологически чистой воды составляет не более 3% общих ресурсов поверхностных вод Астраханской области. В связи с этим в Астраханской области проблемы качества питьевой воды обусловлены загрязнением природной воды, неудовлетворительной очисткой ее на водопроводных станциях, вторичным загрязнением в разводящих сетях. Проведен анализ экологического состояния Нижней Волги, а также оценка его влияния на качество питьевого водоснабжения. Применяемые в Астраханской области технологии очистки воды для водоснабжения запроектированы и построены в 1960–70-е годы и не рассчитаны на грязевую нагрузку по качеству и количеству, значительно отличающуюся от современной ситуации. Проведен анализ работы водозаборных и водопроводных очистных сооружений, который показал, что они находятся в крайне неудовлетворительном техническом состоянии и морально устарели. Предложены пути решения вопросов по улучшению качества питьевого водоснабжения с учетом сложившейся кризисной экологической обстановки на Нижней Волге и мирового опыта. Almost along the entire length from Tver to Astrakhan, the Volga River has been a depleted water reservoir in terms of its qualitative composition. In the Lower Volga basin the resource of ecologically clean water is less than 3% of the total surface water resources of the Astrakhan Region. In this regard, drinking water quality problems in the Astrakhan Region have been caused by natural water pollution, poor water treatment at the waterworks, secondary pollution in the distribution networks. The ecological state of the Lower Volga has been analyzed, and its impact on the quality of drinking water supply has been estimated. The technologies of water purification used in the Astrakhan Region for water supply were designed and implemented in the 1960s–70s; they were not designed for the pollution load in terms of the quality and quantity significantly different from the current situation. An analysis of the operation of water intake and water treatment facilities was carried out that showed their extremely unsatisfactory technical condition and obsolescence. The ways of solving the problems of improving the quality of drinking water supply with account of the current critical ecological situation in the Lower Volga Region and world experience, are proposed.

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Crawford, David L. "Light Pollution – A Problem for All of Us." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003572.

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ABSTRACTLight Pollution is a severe problem for amateur and professional astronomers, and, indeed, for the general public. All these suffer from a lack of awareness of the issues, however. Poor quality outdoor nighttime lighting has several major problems: light trespass, glare, clutter and confusion, urban sky glow, and energy waste. There are solutions to the light pollution problem, most involving the use of better quality lighting. We all must educate our colleagues and the public about the issues, and push for solutions. Quality lighting is compatible with dark skies, and with energy savings. Our view of the universe, as professionals and as the public, and our children’s, depends on our being successful.

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Kim, Hyun-Ji, Seong-Sik Yoo, and Hoon Kim. "Problems Associated with Implementation of Light Pollution Prevention Act in Korea and Proposed Solutions." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 33, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2019.33.4.001.

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Ventland, K. D. "AVIATION NOISE. PROBLEMS OF NOISE POLLUTION IN AVIATION AND THE SEARCH FOR THEIR SOLUTIONS." Вестник Академии гражданской авиации, no. 3 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53364/24138614_2022_26_3_44.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pollution problems solutions'

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